ANALYTICAL INDEX.

INTRODUCTION.
PAGE
Rise and progress of railroads[1]
Influence of railroads[3]
Safety of railroad travelling[5]
Preliminary operations[5]
Mechanical principles of locomotion[6]
Determination of character of road[7]
Gauge[8]
General establishment of route[10]
CHAPTER I.
RECONNOISSANCE.
General topography[12]
Barometrical levelling[18]
CHAPTER II.
SURVEY.
Topographical sketching[24]
General establishment of grades[32]
Equating for grades[34]
Comparison of surveyed lines[39]
CHAPTER III.
LOCATION.
Alignment[41]
Final adjustment of grades[46]
Comparison of located lines[47]
CHAPTER IV.
PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS.
Specification[55]
Contract[81]
Solicit[84]
Bid[85]
Comparison of bids[87]
CHAPTER V.
LAYING OUT WORK.
Slopes[89]
Culverts[90]
Masonry[91]
Tunnels[95]
CHAPTER VI.
EARTHWORK.
Form of railroad sections[97]
Excavation and embankment[104]
Transport of material[106]
Average haul[106]
Drainage[109]
Method of conducting construction operations[111]
CHAPTER VII.
ROCKWORK.
Rock excavation[115]
Blasting and quarrying[115]–[117]
Tunnelling[118]
CHAPTER VIII.
WOODEN BRIDGING.
Of the forces at work in bridges[122]
Extension[123]
Compression[123]
Cross strain[124]
Detrusion[126]
Strength of materials[126]
Rules for practice[131]
Of the truss[139]
Of the arch[169]
Of the road-way[174]
Lateral bracing[175]
Pile bridging[178]
Trestling[180]
Draw bridges[181]
Centres[182]
CHAPTER IX.
IRON BRIDGES.
Nature and strength of iron[192]
Classification of iron bridges[194]
Iron truss frames[195]
Suspension bridges[203]
Boiler plate bridges[223]
CHAPTER X.
STONE BRIDGING.
Of the water-way[233]
Form of the arch[236]
Thickness of voussoirs[238]
Form and thickness of abutments[239]
Form and dimensions of piers[245]
CHAPTER XI.
MASONRY.
Stone[248]
Cements, mortars, and concretes[249]
Construction of arches, wings, and parapet[253]
Culverts and drains[255]
Retaining walls[256]
CHAPTER XII.
FOUNDATIONS.
Pile driving, common system[262]
Mitchell’s screw pile[266]
Potts’s atmospheric system[266]
Coffer-dam[267]
Caisson[269]
CHAPTER XIII.
SUPERSTRUCTURE.
Timber work[273]
Rail section[276]
Chairs and joints[282]
Frogs[290]
Switches[294]
Sidings and crossings[298]
Elevation of exterior rail[298]
CHAPTER XIV.
EQUIPMENT.
PART I. LOCOMOTIVES.
Introduction[302]
Birth and growth of the locomotive[302]
The English locomotive of 1850[304]
The American locomotive of 1855[305]
General description[306]
Mechanical and physical principles[312]
Resistance to the motion of trains[312]
Traction and adhesion[316]
Fuel[317]
Generation of steam[330]
Application of steam[336]
Boiler proportions and dimensions[340]
Rules and tables for practice[354]
Adaptation of locomotives to the movement of trains[360]
Classification of engines[371]
PART SECOND.
CARS.
Wheels and axles[396]
Classification of cars[400]
Retarding of trains[401]
CHAPTER XV.
STATIONS.
Classification of buildings[403]
Location of buildings[403]
Terminal passenger house[403]
Terminal freight house[405]
Engine house and appurtenances[405]
Way passenger and freight house[407]
Wood shed and tank[407]
CHAPTER XVI.
MANAGEMENT.
Organization of employees[413]
Duties of employees[415]
Number of trains to be used[418]
Amount of service of engines[418]
Expenses, receipts, profits[420]
Express trains[428]
Comparative cost of working heavy and light trains[434]
Branch roads[436]
Reproduction of road and of stock[437]
Working railroads by contract[439]
Classification of freight[439]
Time tables[443]
Locomotive registers[444]
Electric telegraph[454]
New York and Erie Railroad[456]
APPENDIX.
A.—Decimal Arithmetic[459]
B.—Algebraic formulæ[461]
C.—Weights and measures[464]
D.—Value of the Birmingham gauges[465]
E.—Locomotive boilers[466]
F.—Effect of grades on the cost of working[468]
G.—Form for a locomotive specification[471]
H.—Relative cost of transport by railroad and by stage[476]
I.—Form for experimental trips with locomotives[478]
K.—Proper weight for locomotives[479]