TABLE OF CONTENTS.

	PAGE.
HISTORICAL	[5]
Raisins	[5]
The Currant	[6]
Muscatels	[7]
Dehesa Raisins	[7]
Lexias or Lye-dipped Raisins	[9]
Various Kinds of Raisins	[10]
—Muscatels; Currants; Belvideres; Black Smyrnas; California Malagas; California Sun-dried Sultanas; Seedless Muscatels; Thompson Seedless; Dried Grapes; Lexias; California Dipped; Smyrnas; Faros; Huascos.
RAISIN DISTRICTS	[10]
Foreign Districts	[10]
Raisins in Ancient Times	[10]
Modern Raisin Districts	[11]
The Malaga District	[12]
—Extent and Age; Climate; Soil; location of the Vineyard; Varieties of Grapes; Characteristics of the Raisins; Yield of Grapes; Distances of the Vines; Pruning; Manuring and Fertilizing; Drying Floors or Sequeros; Drying and Curing; Packing; Labor.
Valencia and Denia	[15]
—Extent of the District; Soils and Appearance of the District; Climate; Irrigation; Quality of the Raisins; Planting and Care; Dipping and Scalding; Drying and Curing; Packing and Disposing of the Crop; Export and Production.
Corinth and Currants	[22]
—Historical and Geographical Notes; Characteristics and Quality; Soil and Irrigation; Preparation of the Land; Distances of the Currant Vines; Care of Cuttings; Planting and Grafting; Pruning the Vines; Care of the Vineyard; Ringing the Branches; Drying and Curing; Cost of Currant Vineyards in Greece; Consumption and Production.
Smyrna Raisins	[30]
—Districts in Smyrna; Climate; Care of the Vines; Dipping, Drying and Curing; Production and Export; Cost of Vineyards in Smyrna; Other Varieties of Raisins.
Italy and Italian Raisins	[36]
—Lipari and Belvidere; Pantellaria; Calabria.
Chile and Huasco Raisins	[36]
—Characteristics; Location; Varieties; Soils; Climate; Irrigation; The Vineyard; Drying and Curing.
California Raisin Districts	[38]
A General Review	[38]
—Early History; Later Planting; Acreage and Crops.
Yolo and Solano	[40]
—Soil and Climate; The Vineyard; The Crop.
Northern California	[43]
—General Remarks; Placer County; Yuba County; Sutter County; Colusa County; Butte County; Tehama County; Shasta County.
Fresno, Merced, Tulare and Kern	[44]
—Extent and Location; Soils and Climate; Irrigation; The Vineyard; Pruning and Other Operations; The Crop.
San Bernardino County	[48]
—Location and Acreage; Climate; Irrigation; Soils; The Vineyard; The Crop; The Profits and Other Items.
Orange County and Santa Ana	[52]
—General Remarks; Location; Climate; Soils and Ripening; The Vineyard; The Crop and its Curing; Yield and Profits.
San Diego and El Cajon	[55]
—Location and Acreage; Climate and Rainfall; Soils; The Vines and the Vineyard; The Crop.
Other Raisin Districts	[59]
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, SOILS, LOCATION AND IRRIGATION	[60]
Climatic Conditions Favorable and Unfavorable to the Raisin Industry	[60]
—Limits of the Raisin Districts; Dry Seasons, Spring and Fall Rains; Winter Rains; Frost in Spring and Winter; Summer Temperature; Winds, Injurious and Beneficial; Fogs and Moisture in the Air; Ideal Conditions of Climate.
Soils	[67]
—General Remarks; Malaga; Valencia and Denia; Smyrna; Zante; Chile; Fresno; Other Soils in San Joaquin Valley; Orange County; Redlands and Riverside; El Cajon; Subsoils; Hardpan Soils; Comparative Value of Soils; Alkali Soils; Fertilizing.
Irrigation	[77]
—Introductory Notes; the Necessity of Irrigating the Raisin Vines; Health and Longevity of Irrigated Vines; The Bearing Quality of Irrigated Vines; Quality of Irrigated Grapes; Various Methods of Irrigation; Irrigation by Flooding; Irrigation by Furrowing; Subirrigation; Seepage; Drainage; The Influence of Irrigation on the Soil.
THE RAISIN GRAPES	[87]
—Introductory Notes; Muscatel or Gordo Blanco; Muscat of Alexandria; Huasco Muscat; Other Varieties of Muscat; Seedless Sultana; Black Currant; Other Varieties of Currants; Thompson Seedless; Other Seedless Grapes; Malaga; Feher Szagos; Other Raisin Grapes.
DISEASES AND INSECT PESTS	[93]
Powdery Mildew or Uncinula	[93]
—General Notes; Characteristics; History and Distribution; Remedies.
Downy Mildew or Peronospora	[95]
—General Notes.
The Vine Plague	[96]
—Characteristics; Nature and Cause; Damages; Remedies.
Leaf-hopper	[98]
—Characteristics; Damages; Distribution; Remedies.
Red Spider	[100]
—Characteristics; Remedies.
Caterpillars	[100]
—Characteristics; Damages; Remedies.
Black-knot	[102]
—Characteristics; Remedies.
Grasshoppers	[102]
—General Notes; Remedies.
THE RAISIN VINEYARD	[104]
Planting	[104]
—Distances for Muscat Vines; the Marking Out of a Vineyard; Relative Value of Cuttings and Rooted Vines; The Making of Cuttings; The Care of Cuttings; Planting Cuttings; Care of Young Cuttings; Transporting Cuttings to Distant Parts; Rooting Cuttings; Care of Rooted Cuttings; Planting Rooted Vines; Proper Time for Planting; Cost of Cuttings and Rooted Vines; Winter Plowing; Plowing Devices; Cultivation; Back-furrowing; Cross-plowing; Weed-cutters; Cutter-sled; Hoeing; Time for Cultivation.
Grafting the Muscat on Other Stocks	[117]
—Time for Grafting Raisin-vines; Points to be Observed in Grafting; Various Methods of Grafting; Stocks and their Influence.
Various Summer Work	[121]
—Sulphuring; Tying Over; Covering the Vines; Thinning the Crop; Ringing the Vines; The Vineyard Labors of the Year.
Pruning	[124]
—Winter Pruning or Pruning Hard Wood; Bleeding of the Vines; Summer Pruning or Pruning Green Wood; Root-pruning; Suckering.
Various Vineyard Tools	[130]
—General Notes; The Sheep’s-foot; The Planting-bar; The Dibble; Planting Chains; Spades; Hoes; Plows; Cultivators; Randel Disc Cultivators; The Ash-trough; Sulphuring Cans and Bellows; The Cutter-sled; Vineyard Trucks; Shears.
DRYING AND CURING	[133]
California Sun-dried Raisins	[133]
—Notes; Time of Ripening; Signs of Maturity; Picking; Cleaning; Drying on Trays; Turning; Reversing; Slanting the Trays; Elevating the Trays; Stacking Against Rain and Dew; Taking Up; Covering; Drying-floors; Dryers; Sweatboxes; Trays for Drying.
California Lye-dipped Raisins	[149]
—General Notes; Dipping Process; Drying and Curing; Stemming, Grading and Packing.
THE PACKING-HOUSE	[153]
Buildings and Mechanical Appliances	[153]
—The Packing-house; The Stemmer and Grader; The Sweating-house; The Presses; Boxes and Cartoons; Packing Frames and Packing Trays; Facing-plate; Scales; Labeling Press; Tables; Bags and Bagholders; Trucks; Trays for Weighing; Followers; Paper; Tin Boxes.
Loose Raisins	[158]
—Stemming and Assorting; Packing and Cleaning; Sacking; Facing, Top-up Method; Facing, Top-down Method; Comparative Value of the Two Methods.
Layer Raisins	[162]
—Sweating and Equalizing; Packing Layers, Top-up Method; Packing Layers, Top-down Method; Filling; Nailing and Trimming; Labels.
STATISTICS OF IMPORTATION, PRODUCTION AND PRICES	[169]
—Production of Raisins in California from 1873 to 1889; Number of Acres in Raisin Grapes in California in 1890; California and Malaga Prices, Importation, etc., from 1871 to 1889; Exports of Malaga Raisins from 1864 to 1889; Exports of Valencia Raisins from 1850 to 1889; First Cost of Crop of Valencia Raisins; Production and Distribution of Smyrna Raisins from 1844 to 1884; World’s Raisin Production in 1890; Importation of Raisins, Currants and Figs into the United States from 1873 to 1878; Importation of Raisins, Currants and Figs into the United States from 1879 to 1888; Consumption of Currants and Raisins per Head of Total Population in 1884; Prices Ruling in the California Raisin Districts.
THROUGH THE CALIFORNIA RAISIN DISTRICTS	[181]
Through San Joaquin Valley to Fresno	[181]
From Los Angeles to Santa Ana	[189]
From Santa Ana to San Diego	[192]
El Cajon	[195]
Riverside	[199]
Redlands	[202]
An Hour in a Packing-house	[205]
RAISIN-GROWERS AND THEIR VINEYARDS	[208]
—G. G. Briggs; R. B. Blowers; Robert McPherson; T. C. White; Miss M. F. Austin; Joseph T. Goodman; A. B. Butler; William Forsyth; A. D. Barling; San Joaquin Valley Raisin Packers of 1889.
LITERATURE	[215]
—Introductory; List of Books of Reference.
GENERAL INDEX	[219]

THE RAISIN INDUSTRY.

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE RAISIN GRAPES,
THEIR HISTORY, CULTURE AND CURING, WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CALIFORNIA,
BY GUSTAV EISEN.