To Print from Weak and Hard Negatives.

Should a negative be found very hard, a slight modification of the sensitizing solution will be found beneficial, supposing the ordinary paper is to be used.

Silver nitrate30grains
Water1ounce

The negative should in this case be printed in the sun. The more intense the light, the less contrast there will be in the print, as the stronger light more rapidly effects a change in the albuminate than if subjected to weaker diffused light. The reason for the reduction in quantity of the silver nitrate in the solution is given on [page 15].

To print from a weak negative, the sensitizing solution should be:—

Silver nitrate80grains
Water1ounce

The printing should take place in the shade; the weaker the negative, the more diffused the light should be.

If a negative be dense, but all the gradations of light and shade be perfect, the strong bath, and, if, possible, a strongly-salted paper, should be used. The printing should take place in sunlight.

To Make Gold Tri-Chloride [AU CL3].

Place a half-sovereign (which may contain silver as well as copper) in a convenient vessel; pour on it half a drachm of nitric acid, and mix with it two-and-a-half drachms of hydrochloric acid; digest at a gentle heat, but do not boil, or probably the chlorine will be driven off. At the expiration of a few hours add a similar quantity of the acids. Probably this will be sufficient to dissolve all the gold. If not, add acid the third time; all will have been dissolved by this addition, excepting, perhaps, a trace of silver, which will have been deposited by the excess of hydrochloric acid as silver chloride. If a precipitate should have been formed, filter it out, and wash the filter paper well with distilled water. Take a filtered solution of ferrous sulphate (eight parts water to one of iron) acidulated with a few drops of hydrochloric acid, and add the gold solution to it; the iron will cause the gold alone to deposit as metallic gold, leaving the copper in solution. By adding the gold solution to the iron the precipitate is not so fine as if added vice versa. Let the gold settle, and pour off the liquid; add water, and drain again, and so on till no acid is left, testing the washings by litmus paper. Take the metallic gold which has been precipitated, re-dissolve in the acids as before, evaporate to dryness on a water bath (that is, at a heat not exceeding 212° F.) The resulting substance is the gold tri-chloride. To be kept in crystals this should be placed in glass tubes hermetically sealed. For non-commercial purposes it is convenient to dissolve it in water (one drachm to a grain of gold). Ten grains of gold dissolved yield 15.4 grains of the salt. Hence if ten grains have been dissolved, 15.4 drachms of water must be added to give the above strength.

To Make Silver Nitrate.

Silver coins are mostly alloyed with tin or copper. In both cases the coin should be dissolved in nitric acid diluted with twice its bulk of water. If tin be present there will be an insoluble residue left of stannic oxide. The solution should be evaporated down to dryness, re-dissolved in water, filtered, and again evaporated to dryness. It will then be fit for making up a bath. If copper be present, the solution must be treated with silver oxide.

The silver oxide thus formed is added, little by little, till the blue or greenish colour has entirely disappeared. This will precipitate the copper oxide from the copper nitrate, setting free the nitric acid, which, in its turn, will combine with the silver oxide. The copper will fall as a black powder mixed with any excess of silver oxide there may be. Take one or two drops of the solution in a measure, and add a drachm of water, and then add ammonia to it till the precipitate first formed is re-dissolved. If no blue colour is apparent, the substitution of the silver for the copper is complete; if not, more silver oxide must be added till the desired end is attained. Distilled water must next be added till the strength of the bath is that required. This can be tested by the argentometer.

If to a solution of silver nitrate a solution of potash be added, a precipitate will be formed. This is the silver oxide. The potash should be added till no further precipitation takes place. The oxide should be allowed to settle, the supernatant fluid be decanted off (a syphon arrangement is very convenient), and fresh distilled water added to it. This, in its turn, after the oxide has been well stirred, should be decanted off. The operation should be repeated five or six times, to ensure all nitrate of potash being absent, though its presence does not matter for a printing bath, since this or some other nitrate is formed when the paper is floated.

FOR

Photographic Stock

and Apparatus,
Artists' Materials, etc.,

Send your orders to the

—>MAMMOTH STOCK HOUSE<—

OF

W. R. REID,

352 & 354 Euclid Avenue, CLEVELAND, OHIO.

Entrekin's Enamellers, Weston's Burnishers,

Magee's Nitrate Silver, and other Chemicals,

Photo-Chrome Outfits, Convex Glass, oval and square,

Card size to 10 x 12, Webster's Transparent Water

Colors, Parlor Paste, Velvet Frames, Square and

Oval Walnut Frames, Mouldings and Linings.

SOLAR PRINTING.

MANUFACTURER OF

Reid's New Negative and Ferrotype Collodion,

Reid's New Negative and Ferrotype Varnish,

Reid's Brilliant and Extra Brilliant Non-blistering

Albumen Paper.

No charge for packing boxes. Write for price-list.
Special prices to large buyers and cash customers.

[See image]

JAS. H. SMITH

Wholesale Dealer in

PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS,

Picture Frames,
Mouldings.

Albums, Brackets, Mats, Picture Cord, Glass, Patent Window Cornices, etc.

OUTFITS A SPECIALTY.

Second-hand Apparatus, Lenses etc., Bought, Sold or Exchanged.

BEST GOODS AT LOWEST PRICES.

26 SOUTH FIFTH STREET,
QUINCY,
ILL.

Send for Price-Lists.

A. M. COLLINS, SON & CO.

Manufacturers of all kinds of

CARDS AND CARDBOARDS

FOR

PHOTOGRAPHERS

WAREHOUSE:

No. 527 Arch Street

PHILADELPHIA

[See image]

28,000 square feet of Floor room.

The largest force of Employees.

Largest Stock in the United States.

HIRAM J. THOMPSON,

JOBBER IN

PICTURE FRAMES, MOULDINGS,

MIRRORS, ALBUMS, PICTURES,

AND

PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS.

No. 259 Wabash Ave., CHICAGO.

Send for my late Catalogue.

Photographic Enlargements

BY THE

PLATINOTYPE PROCESS.

DONE WITH THE

—>Electric Light.<—

The Platinotype Prints are characterized by a

Beautiful Tone,

Perfection of Detail,

Pure Whites, and

ABSOLUTE PERMANENCE.

By the use of the Electric Light we are enabled to proceed without regard to the weather, and can fill orders promptly without the delays usually attending Solar Printing.

Send for Price-Lists.

THOS. H. McCOLLIN,

631 ARCH STREET,

(Dealer in all Photographic Supplies.)

PA. PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE OLD RELIABLE!

P. SMITH & CO.,

NO. 121 WEST FIFTH STREET,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

AND

BRANCH AT

NO. 6 EAST BROAD STREET,

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

WHERE

The Amateur and the

Professional Photographer

WILL FIND EVERYTHING

Requisite for either the WET or the DRY PLATE PROCESS.

Dry Plates and Outfits in Great Variety.

Velvet Frames, etc., etc., etc.

MULLETT BROS.,

DEALERS IN

Photographic Supplies.

518 WALNUT ST.,

KANSAS CITY, MO.

Western Photographers! look to your interests, and purchase your stock and apparatus at the Kansas City Stock House, thereby avoiding heavy freight bills and a great loss of time.

In addition to a full line of Photo. Supplies, we have also a large variety of

ALBUMS,

SILK VELVET FRAMES,

PICTURE CORD AND NAILS,

CONVEX GLASS,

MATTS, ETC., ETC.

Photographers in the East contemplating moving West will find it to their interests to purchase their goods here, thereby saving a great expense in shipping.

Having more than doubled our capital and room, we are now able to compete in price and variety of goods with any house West of N. Y. Send a trial order and be convinced.

Prompt and careful attention to all orders.

MILWAUKEE.

GUSTAVUS BODE,

Northwestern Photographic Warehouse

and Chemical Laboratory,

11 Spring St., Milwaukee, Wis.

A FULL LINE OF

PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS

AND ARTISTS' MATERIALS,

—EMBRACING—

Apparatus, Chemicals, Glass,

Albumenized Papers,

Frames, Albums,

Views, etc.

English, German and American Oil Colors, and all Materials used in the Fine Arts.

SPECIALTY.

Nitrate of Silver and Chloride of Gold made for photographic purposes. Gold and Silver Wastes refined. Satisfaction guaranteed.

SEND FOR PRICE-LIST.

BUFFALO

PHOTOGRAPHIC WAREHOUSE.

David Tucker & Co.

Photographers'
Supplies.

410 MAIN ST.

BUFFALO, N. Y.

DAVID TUCKER. S. B. BUTTS

1860 National Photographic Emporium. 1881

205 W. Baltimore Street,

BALTIMORE, MD.

RICHARD WALZL, Proprietor.

Dry Plate Outfits a Specialty,

All the latest novelties in connection with the improved Dry-plate Processes furnished at the shortest notice.

Any Photographer who wants Lenses, Cameras, Camera Stands, Backgrounds, Chemicals, Glass, Albumen Paper or in fact any Photographic Goods, should send for our price-list and be convinced that it is to their interest to send their orders to us direct. A trial order will convince the most skeptical.

Photography in all its Branches for the Trade.

Expert Artists employed on the premises enable us to make this branch a great feature, and we can always guarantee satisfaction.

Our Practical Photographic Publications

are unequalled. See testimonials in Photographer's Friend. Price-list sent free to any photographer.

OUR NEW LENSES ARE THE SENSATION OF THE DAY—and the prices are so moderate they will astonish you. You can try our lenses before you buy them. If you want anything in the photographic line, address

RICHARD WALZL,

BALTIMORE, MD.

PA. PITTSBURGH, PA.

JOHN I. SHAW,

Successor to J. W. Morrison,

Manufacturer and Dealer In

Photographic Materials,

Cameras, etc, etc.,

Nos. 10 & 12 Sixth Street,

PITTSBURGH, PA.

Mouldings, Albums,

Oval, Square and Arch Top Frames,

Velvet and Combination Frames.

Photographic Dry Plates and Outfits for Amateurs and Professionals.

Everything required in the practice of Photography in all its forms.

JOHN I. SHAW, Pittsburgh, Pa.

W. J. HAZENSTAB'S

NEW PHOTOGRAPHIC STOCK HOUSE,

406 Market Street, St. Louis, Mo.

Is now opened and prepared to fill all orders for

PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS,

At Bed Rock Prices for Cash.

General Outfits for Galleries a Specialty.

Remember I Carry in Stock:

Am. Opt. Co's Camera Boxes and Stand,

Success Camera Boxes,

Sam. Peck & Co.'s Camera Boxes,

Voigtlander & Son's Portrait Lenses,

Darlot's Portrait Lenses,

Darlot's Quick-Working Portrait Lenses,

Darlot's View Lenses,

Also the Celebrated Peerless Portrait Lenses, known for their Rapidity and Depth.

And a Large Assortment of

CARD STOCK.

ALSO AGENT FOR

CRAMER & NORDEN'S DRY PLATES,

EASTMAN'S DRY PLATES,

CARBUTT'S DRY PLATES.

Large Assortment of Frames and Mats at very low prices.

Small Expense in carrying on my business enables me to sell for less money.

I Attend to All Orders Personally.

Send for Trial Order. Price-lists sent on Application.

WM. J. HAZENSTAB,

Photographers' Supply House,

406 Market Street, St. Louis, Mo.

N. B.—Remember I give 5 per cent. discount for cash on all orders of $10 00 or over.

[See image]

E. Weiskopf,

Manufacturer of

Optical Lenses,

Specialties:

Condensers, Cosmorama Lenses,
and Magnifying Mirrors,

No. 182 Centre Street, New York.

NEW YORK, Oct. 10, 1881.

In view of the fact that the undersigned has aided in the production of many of the most artistic photographic pictures produced in this country during the last ten years, pictures which have received gold and silver medals at Philadelphia, London, Paris, Amsterdam and other cities of the world, he feels warranted in soliciting the patronage of photographers unacquainted with his works.

My recently introduced Backgrounds comprise those suitable for the stocking of a New Gallery, as well as several suitable for making special Exhibition pictures.

No. —— Vienna Tapestry. No. 439. New Eastlake.

No. 440. The Villa, (Summer). No. 435. The Winter Road,

No. 433. The Rustic Wall. No. 426. The Palisades.

My Three-Quarter Length Backgrounds are, viz:

Nos. 435, 437, 438.

For Special Pictures I recommend my new Portrait Plaques—an entirely new article in Portraiture.
Several Designs.

For suspending on Backgrounds, ornamenting

Fireplaces and Sideboards, my Imitation Dutch

Plaques are desirable and very popular.

MY LATE ACCESSORIES ARE:

No. 396. The Gambier Rock.

No. 399. Eastlake Fireplace and Cabinet Combined,

(very rich), several movable parts.

No. 397. The Couch and set piece.

No. 414. Seavey's Eastlake Cottage and Balcony.

No. 441. The Garden Wall, (3 parts).

No. —— The New Garden Seat, (3 changes).

* . Ye Monthlie Bulletin . A.D.
of L. W. Seavey his Workeshop. 1881

Under the foregoing heading, in the "Specialty" columns of the several Photographic Journals of America, will appear from month to month brief announcements of my new productions.

LAFAYETTE W. SEAVEY,

No. 8 Lafayette Place, NEW YORK, U. S. A.

[See image]

PHOTOGRAPHERS'
SUPPLIES.

FRAMES,

ALBUMS,

VELVET GOODS.

LOWEST PRICES.

Send For Our Bargain List.

EUREKA.

CRAMER & NORDEN

AND

EASTMAN'S DRY PLATES.

AMERICAN OPT. CO.

DRY PLATE CAMERAS,

AND

GENERAL APPARATUS.

J. C. SOMERVILLE, 1009 OLIVE STREET,
Near Scholten's Gallery,
ST. LOUIS, MO.

WILSON'S
PHOTOGRAPHICS.

A Partial Photographic Encyclopedia.

By E. L. Wilson, Editor "Phila. Photographer," "Photo. Mosaics," etc.

A STANDARD BOOK for ALL Workers in Photography.

CONTENTS.

Lesson A. Treatment of the Subject—B. The Needful Apparatus—C. The Objective or Lens—D. The Dark-Room—E. Preparation of the Glass—F. Chemicals and Solutions—G. The Manipulations—H. Manipulatory Miseries—I. Retouching the Negative—J. The Glass Studio—K. Accessories and Light—L. Managing the Model—M. Printing on Albumen Paper—N. Printing on Plain Paper—O. General Remarks on Printing—P. Printing on Various Surfaces—Q. Printing Perplexities—R. Art in Printing—S. Mounting and Finishing—T. Photography Outside—U. Bromo-Gelatine Emulsion Work—V. Vogel's Collodion Emulsion—W. Enlargements and Lantern Slides—X. Phototypes, Platinotypes, and Collodion Transfers—Y. Wastes and Their Worth—Z. Metrical Measuring—&. Concluding Confab—Index (Six Pages.)

It is believed that this is the most valuable work ever offered to the working photographer.

It contains 352 pages; 7 x 83/4 inch cover, and is 11/2 inches thick. More than 100 illustrations. It gives full details of all practical

Processes, Old and New, Public and Secret.

Among the latter are the "Phototype," sometimes called the "Artotype" process, with examples; many of the "Lightning" processes; the "Platinotype" process; the "Collodion Transfer" or "Megatype" process, and many others.

58 pages are devoted to Posing and Lighting; 37 pages give instructions in Emulsion "Dry" Work; 29 pages show how to Build and Use Skylights; 108 pages furnish instructions for Manipulating Negatives; 37 pages are applied to Printing Formula and Dodges; 175 pages gives Notes from Authors all over the world.

It is printed on fine white paper, made especially for it, and sold at the low price of

$4 00 POST-PAID $4 00.

For the beginner, for the amateur, for the photographic worker, it is believed to be most complete. No live photographer should fail to get it soon, before his neighbor is ahead.

EDWARD L. WILSON, Publisher and Proprietor,

Nos. 912 & 914 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

DOUGLASS, THOMPSON & CO.,

Merchants in all Requisites pertaining to the

Art-Science of Photography,

Photographers' Booksellers, Stationers & Newsdealers,

229 & 231 STATE STREET,

CHICAGO, ILL.

A practical knowledge of the Art-Science of Photography gives us a special advantage in meeting the demands of the Profession.

Everything used in Silver Printing selected with greatest care and guaranteed of the highest order of excellence. PRICES LOW.

All the Standard Brands of Albumen Paper we furnish under genuine marks and at lowest prices.

It will pay you to send for our Catalogues, Bureau of Information, Hints on Burnishing, etc,

GAYTON A. DOUGLASS. }
HENRY G. THOMPSON. }

ALL FREE.

ATTENTION PHOTOGRAPHERS!

Brooklyn's Head-Quarters

—FOR—

Photographic Stock

Of Every Description,

At the LOWEST possible C. O. D. Prices.

Sent all over the United States at the shortest notice.

All the best Brands of Albumen Papers and Card Stock, etc., etc., kept constantly on hand.

—Send a Trial Order and be Convinced.—

L. H. WILCOX,
236 Fulton Street,
BROOKLYN, N. Y.

The BEST is the CHEAPEST.

Listen not to the cries of venders of worthless imitations, but buy the genuine, and receive FULL VALUE for your money.

Dallmeyer Lenses,

Success Cameras,

Climax Cameras,

E. A., G. C. and Platyscope Lenses,

Handy Head-Rests.

Genuine N. P. A. & S. & M. Albumen Papers,

With The WATER-MARK

Brilliant Swiss Albumen Papers,

A. D. Swiss Albumen Papers,

Hovey's, Morgan's, Peerless, Clemons' & Hail

Columbia Albumen Papers.

RAPID PRINTING PAPER,

EASTMAN'S DRY PLATES,

ANTHONY'S DRY PLATE OUTFITS.

Chemicals of Guaranteed Purity and Strength.

Every Requisite for the Studio and Field.

SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE AND PRICE-LIST.

The Most Extensive Line of Velvet, Plush and Ebony Frames, Easels, Albums, Stereoscopes, Graphoscopes, Portraits of Celebrities, Stereo. Views, etc., on this Continent.

E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO.,
591 BROADWAY,
NEW YORK CITY. 591

[See image]

H. EXTRA BRILLIANT.
H. EXTRA AND MORGAN'S
Albuminized
PAPERS

Fully 2,500 reams of Morgan's Paper has been made and sold within the last year—equal to twenty million cabinet size pictures. We expect to increase its sale the coming year to almost double the above, judging from the demand of the last few months. The pearl tint is used in greater quantities than the other tints. Send your orders for this brand of paper to

J. HAWORTH,

DEALER IN PHOTO. SUPPLIES.

626 Arch Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

EASTMAN'S

Gelatino-Bromide

DRY PLATES.

RELIABLE, RAPID,
INSTANTANEOUS.

THE BEST!

Used by all Professionals and Amateurs in preference to any others. Complete Instructions accompany Each Package.

Eastman's Gelatino-Bromide Pellicle,

For those who wish to prepare their own Plates.

Manufactured only by the

EASTMAN DRY PLATE CO., Rochester, N. Y.

E. & H. T. Anthony & Co., 591 Broadway, New York,

TRADE AGENTS.

SEND FOR CIRCULAR.

Andrew J. Smith,

PHOTOGRAPHIC STOCK DEPOT.

WE KEEP A FULL LINE OF

Photographic Materials,

Which we are Selling as Low as any house in New York or Boston.

DEALER IN

N. P. A. and S. & M. Dresden, Hovey, Berlin,

Morgan's and Clemons' Double Albumenized Paper,

Nixon & Stokes' Ferrotype Holders,

Collins, Son & Co's Card Stock of every description,

Taber & Co's Pebble Mats, etc.,

Powers & Weigtman's Silver and Chemicals,

Anthony's Ether, Iodides, Collodion and Varnishes,

Atwood's Alcohol, Hyposulphite of Soda, Sulphate of

Iron, Acetic Acid, and Glass in any quantity.

Dry Plate Outfits for Amateurs & Photographers. Everything pertaining to the Trade. John Dean & Co's Plates.

Large Assortment of Frames, Convex Glass, Artists' Materials, etc., etc.

N. B.—No charge for boxing. Your orders are solicited.

No. 94 Westminster Street,
PROVIDENCE, R. I.

[See image]

AMERICAN INSTITUTE NEW-YORK

HIGHEST MEDAL.

The Medal of Superiority AWARDED TO Wm F. Ashe FOR A PHOTOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND COMB. STAIRCASE, BALUSTRADE & PEDESTAL 1878.

BACKGROUNDS

For Everybody!

Fancy, Plain, Rembrandt, etc., etc.

FLOOR CLOTHS, painted in Oil,

Suitable for Interiors and Exteriors,

ASHE'S COMBINATION STAIRCASE

BALUSTRADE AND PEDESTAL.

ASHE'S PATENT Telescopic OR Extension Pedestals.

AND THE FOLLOWING ACCESSORIES:

ROCKS, VINES, BRIDGES, VASES, CABINETS, and MANTEL-PIECES in Papier Maché and in Profile, the latter interchangeable and with practical parts, DOORWAYS, COTTAGE WINDOWS, STAIRWAYS, BALUSTRADES, SLEIGHS, BOATS, VASES, ETC., ETC., in profile.

No extra charge to parties who furnish their own designs. Samples free.

W. F. ASHE,

106 BLEECKER STREET, NEW YORK CITY.

THE MOUND CITY CENTRAL

Photographic Stock House,

(H. A. HYATT, Proprietor),

NO. 411 NORTH 4th STREET,
ST. LOUIS, MO.

Head-quarters in St. Louis for ALL Photographers.

We keep on hand everything new and of interest to the Fraternity, to be seen and examined at pleasure. Our stock is always complete and in keeping with the times. It embraces, with the LARGE and VARIED assortment of GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHIC REQUISITES, the following STANDARD BRANDS OF ALBUMEN PAPER, which you can always depend upon getting FRESH

Hovey's, Peerless,

Eagle Brand (Dresden),

S. & M. Dresden,

Morgan's, Clemons,

Trapp & Munch,

—ALSO—

Plain and Salted Papers.

We carry the Standard Brands only. There is no Extra we cannot duplicate with some regular brand. Please remember this, and if you desire fair treatment, and low prices, just send us a trial order, note how promptly we serve you, and the quality of goods you receive, and we will be assured of your future favors. Our Motto is to please, and we guarantee satisfaction.

—OUTFITS A SPECIALTY.—

Send for Illustrated Catalogue.

H. A. HYATT, 411 North 4th Street,

St. Louis, Mo.

Jno. G. Hood. ESTABLISHED 1865. Wm. D. H. Wilson.

WILSON, HOOD & CO.,

No. 825 ARCH ST.,

PHILADELPHIA,

Deal in all varieties of

PHOTO. GOODS,

And solicit your orders, for any article you may need, including the following:

S. & M., N. P. A., & C. S. Double Alb. Paper, per ream,35 cts.
S. & M., N. P. A., & C. S. Single Alb. Paper, per ream,25 cts.
Morgan's Double Alb. Paper, per ream, 34 cts.
Morgan's Single Alb. Paper, per ream,30 cts.

All other brands supplied.

Magee's Nitrate Silver, Magee's Chloride of Gold,

Best Hypo. of Soda, keg 112 lbs. $4 48,

American Optical Co. Printing Frames,

American Optical Co. Negative Boxes,

American Optical Co. Retouching Frames,

Negative Racks, Pans, Trays, etc.,

Waymouth's Vignette Papers, $1 00 per pack,

Onion Skin Paper, per dozen, 25 cts.

Singhi's Vig. Attachment, $1 50. Todd's Vig. Attachment, $1 50.

Hearn's Artistic Printing" $3 00. "Hearn's Practical Printer" $2 50.

COMPLETE PRICE-LISTS FREE.

SOLE AGENTS IN UNITED STATES
FOR THE ROSS AND STEINHEIL LENSES.

1878 EAGLE STOCK HOUSE. 1881

GEORGE MURPHY,

No. 9 West Fourth Street, N. Y.

Photo. & Ferro. Materials.

OUTFITS A SPECIALTY.

All Goods sold for Cash.

MANUFACTURER OF

Eagle Negative and Positive Collodions,

Eagle Negative and Ferro. Varnishes,

Eagle Retouching Fluid,

Eagle Ground Glass Varnish.

SOLE AGENT FOR

Hammenstede's Collodions and Varnishes,

Photo. Chemicals of best quality.

THE RETOUCHER'S OUTFIT:

Eagle New Metallic Pencil, hard, Eagle New Metallic Pencil, soft,
Medium Siberian Lead, Artists' Holder, to fit all,

The most complete set offered.

FOR THE PRINTER'S DEPARTMENT is offered

Eagle Photo-Printing Masks, English White Tissue Paper,

Thick Yellow Paper, Onion-Skin Paper,

Heavy Blotting Paper, Plain Papers,

Albumen Papers of all brands.

Am also Agent for BRENGEL'S SALTED PAPER.

Emulsion and Gelatine Dry Plate Materials,

Emulsion and Gelatine Dry Plates, best brands,

Backgrounds, Chairs, Accessories, etc.

Bargains in Card Stock. Bargains in Apparatus, Lenses, etc.

Domestic and Foreign CASH ORDERS Shipped Promptly.

Four Doors West of B'way. NEW YORK.

ESTABLISHED IN 1802.

FACTORIES: Waterbury, Conn., New Haven, Conn., New York City.

Scovill Manufacturing Co.,

MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN

ALL ARTICLES USED IN PHOTOGRAPHY,

Warehouse, No's 419 & 421 Broome St.,
NEW YORK.

W. Irving Adams, Agent.

Irving and all brands of Albumen Papers,
Phenix Collodion, Phenix Varnish,
French and other Chemicals,
Scovill's New Solid Glass Baths, [warranted.]
Osborne's Picturesque Foregrounds,
American Optical Co's Celebrated Cameras,
Dry Plates and Dry Plate Apparatus,
Lenses,
Parlor Paste,
Etc., Etc., Etc., Etc.

PUBLISHERS

Photographic Times and American Photographer.

Subscription price, $2 00 per annum.

Among its contributors are the leading men in the profession.

[FOUNDED IN 1842.]

THE NEW ENGLAND

Photographic Stock House.

Largest variety in the UNITED STATES.

Every Article required by the Amateur, Photographer, Picture and Frame Dealer, Frame Maker and Crayon Artist.

—SPECIALTIES.—

Original Importers of Imitation Dallmeyer Tubes.

Sole Agents for William's Mitering Machines.

N. E. Agents for Bryant's Accessories.

Sole Agents for the celebrated "Berlin Paper."

Sole Agents for the celebrated "Gem Paper."

Sole Agents for Burrill's Portrait Bust Pedestal.

Sole Agent for Burrill's Neg. High Light Reducer.

Bryant's Quick Collodion, Celebrated for Years.

Dry Plate Outfits for Amateurs.

Every Variety Dry Plate Apparatus and Materials.

Anthony's and American Optical Co's Manufactures.

Dallmeyer, Morrison and Voigtlander Tubes on Sale.

C. H. CODMAN & CO.,

[Formerly Geo. S. Bryant & Co.,]

34 Bromfield St., BOSTON.

[See image]

ANTHONY'S
DRY PLATE OUTFITS

Most Complete Assortment in Market.

LIGHT, PORTABLE AND INEXPENSIVE.

FIRM, SUBSTANTIAL AND PRACTICAL.

The Lenses supplied with these are superior to those furnished by Any other House. Send for Descriptive Circular.

Anthony's Patent Perfect Dry Plate-holder
BEST IN THE WORLD!

E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO. 591 B'way, NEW YORK.

[FOOTNOTES]

  1. [Footnote [1]
  2. Such things as test-tubes should be found in every photographer's work room; they cost little, and are always useful for working solutions. The sizes recommended are 3/8-inch, 1/2-inch, and 1-inch diameter. A dozen of each will not be out of the way.
  3. [Footnote [2]
  4. Sodium Chloride
  5. and
  6. Silver Nitrate
  7. form
  8. Silver Chloride
  9. and
  10. Sodium Nitrate.
  11. NaCl
  12. +
  13. AgNO3
  14. =
  15. AgCl
  16. +
  17. NaNO3
  18. [Footnote [3]
  19. Chlorine
  20. and
  21. Potassium Nitrite
  22. and
  23. Water
  24. give
  25. Hydrochloric Acid
  26. and
  27. Potassium Nitrate
  28. 2Cl
  29. +
  30. KNO2
  31. +
  32. H2O
  33. =
  34. 2HCl
  35. +
  36. KNO3
  37. and
  38. Chlorine,
  39. Silver Nitrate,
  40. and
  41. Water
  42. give
  43. Silver Chloride,
  44. Hydrochlorous Acid
  45. and
  46. Nitric Acid.
  47. 2Cl
  48. AgNO3
  49. +
  50. H2O
  51. =
  52. AgCl
  53. HClO
  54. +
  55. HNO3
  56. [Footnote [4]
  57. With the former we have this action—
  58. Silver Chloride
  59. gives
  60. Silver Sub-chloride
  61. and
  62. Liberated Chloride.
  63. Ag2Cl2
  64. =
  65. Ag2Cl
  66. +
  67. Cl
  68. With the latter the silver in combination with the organic matter, which is in a state of oxide, is probably reduced to the state of sub-oxide.
  69. [Footnote [5]
  70. Sulphuretted hydrogen may be prepared by pouring dilute sulphuric acid on ferric sulphide. The chloride or the silver compound, when damped, may be held over it, taking care that no liquid is spirted up on to it.
  71. [Footnote [6]
  72. Those who prepare collodio-albumen plates will find the upward filtration arrangement of immense value, as bubbles are unknown by it.
  73. [Footnote [7]
  74. If bubbles are seen, they must be broken, and the sheet floated again for another minute.
  75. [Footnote [8]
  76. The drainings are added to the next batch of albumen which is prepared.
  77. [Footnote [9]
  78. "Instruction in Photography," 4th edition, page 121.
  79. [Footnote [10]
  80. Chlorine
  81. and
  82. Water
  83. give
  84. Hydrochloric acid
  85. and
  86. Oxygen.
  87. Cl
  88. +
  89. H2O
  90. =
  91. HCl
  92. +
  93. O
  94. [Footnote [11]
  95. Nitric Acid
  96. and
  97. Silver Carbonate
  98. give
  99. Silver Nitrate
  100. and
  101. Carbonic Acid
  102. and
  103. Water.
  104. 2HNO3
  105. +
  106. Ag2CO3
  107. =
  108. 2AgNO3
  109. +
  110. CO2
  111. +
  112. H2O
  113. [Footnote [12]
  114. Silver Nitrate
  115. and
  116. Aluminium Sulphate (Alum)
  117. give
  118. Silver Sulphate
  119. and
  120. Aluminium Nitrate.
  121. 6AgNO3
  122. +
  123. Al2(SO4)3
  124. =
  125. 3(Ag2SO4)
  126. +
  127. 2Al(NO2)3
  128. [Footnote [13]
  129. Silver Nitrate
  130. and
  131. Hydrochloric Acid
  132. give
  133. Silver Chloride
  134. and
  135. Nitric Acid.
  136. AgNO3
  137. +
  138. HCl
  139. =
  140. AgCl
  141. +
  142. HNO3
  143. [Footnote [14]
  144. Suppose it is salted with ammonium chloride, we have—
  145. Ammonium Chloride
  146. and
  147. Silver Nitrate
  148. give
  149. Ammonium Nitrate
  150. and
  151. Silver Chloride.
  152. NH4Cl
  153. +
  154. AgNO3
  155. =
  156. NH4NO3
  157. +
  158. AgCl
  159. [Footnote [15]
  160. Several other methods are given in "Instruction in Photography," in the Appendix.
  161. [Footnote [16]
  162. One part of nitric acid to 4 parts of water.
  163. [Footnote [17]
  164. The shutter may be made of American leather, covered over with one quarter-inch strips of oak or well-seasoned pine. The shutter should fit into a groove formed along the sides and bottom of the front of the cupboard.
  165. [Footnote [18]
  166. In [fig. 18] the fastening for only one of the pressure-bars is given, to avoid complication.
  167. [Footnote [19]
  168. See "Instruction in Photography" (page 67), fourth edition.
  169. [Footnote [20]
  170. For this reason, amongst others, it is desirable that photographers should use glass for their negatives which is at least tolerably flat.
  171. [Footnote [21]
  172. See "Pictorial Effect in Photography" (Piper and Carter).
  173. [Footnote [22]
  174. Hydrofluoric acid is always supplied by chemists in gutta-percha bottles, as it attacks glass. A spare gutta-percha bottle can easily be procured.
  175. [Footnote [23]
  176. This calculation is near enough for our purpose. There are certain niceties which might be introduced, such as the "critical angle of the glass."
  177. [Footnote [24]
  178. The boxes in which children's puzzles are often packed will give an idea of what is meant.
  179. [Footnote [25]
  180. Silver subchloride
  181. and
  182. gold trichloride
  183. give
  184. silver chloride
  185. and
  186. gold.
  187. 3Ag2Cl
  188. +
  189. AuCl3
  190. =
  191. 6AgCl
  192. +
  193. Au
  194. [Footnote [26]
  195. "Instruction in Photography," 4th edition.
  196. [Footnote [27]
  197. "Instruction in Photography," 4th edition.
  198. [Footnote [28]
  199. Or ten minims of ammonium lactate.
  200. [Footnote [29]
  201. See Mr. W. Brooks' article in Photographic Almanac, 1881.
  202. [Footnote [30]
  203. The crucible should be of Stourbridge clay.
Sodium ChlorideandSilver NitrateformSilver ChlorideandSodium Nitrate.
NaCl+AgNO3=AgCl+NaNO3
ChlorineandPotassium NitriteandWatergiveHydrochloric AcidandPotassium Nitrate
2Cl+KNO2+H2O=2HCl+KNO3
Chlorine,Silver Nitrate,andWatergiveSilver Chloride,Hydrochlorous AcidandNitric Acid.
2ClAgNO3+H2O=AgClHClO+HNO3
Silver ChloridegivesSilver Sub-chlorideandLiberated Chloride.
Ag2Cl2=Ag2Cl+Cl
ChlorineandWater giveHydrochloric acidandOxygen.
Cl+H2O=HCl+O
Nitric AcidandSilver Carbonate giveSilver NitrateandCarbonic AcidandWater.
2HNO3+Ag2CO3=2AgNO3+CO2+H2O
Silver Nitrate andAluminium Sulphate (Alum) giveSilver Sulphate andAluminium Nitrate.
6AgNO3+Al2(SO4)3=3(Ag2SO4)+2Al(NO2)3
Silver NitrateandHydrochloric AcidgiveSilver ChlorideandNitric Acid.
AgNO3+HCl=AgCl+HNO3
Ammonium ChlorideandSilver NitrategiveAmmonium NitrateandSilver Chloride.
NH4Cl+AgNO3=NH4NO3+AgCl
Silver subchlorideandgold trichloridegivesilver chlorideandgold.
3Ag2Cl+AuCl3=6AgCl+Au

Transcriber's Note:

Hyphenation, variations in spelling and inconsistent numbering of, and references to, figures have been retained as in the original publication.

Apart from spaces within compounds (which have been removed), formulae have been retained as originally published, excepted where noted below.

Changes have been made as follows:

Page 3
Nitric Acid changed to
[Potassium Nitrate]

Page 6
If the operator carefully collect the white changed to
If the operator carefully [collects] the white

Page 14
theoretical limit to amount changed to
theoretical limit [to the] amount

Page 19
2AGNO3 changed to
[2AgNO3]
Nitratem changed to
[Nitrate.]

Page 22
AgNo3 changed to
[AgNO3]

Page 23
Ammonium Nitrate Silver Chloride changed to
Ammonium Nitrate [and] Silver Chloride
NH4,NO3 changed to
[NH4NO3]
AgNo3 changed to
[AgNO3]

Page 40
8 inches. changed to
[18 inches.]

Page 41
printer could not hope to do it successfully. changed to
printer could not hope to do it [successfully."]

Page 46
the ordinary consistency, than changed to
the ordinary consistency, [then]

Page 49
enable the operator to guage changed to
enable the operator to [gauge]

Page 53
centreing his imagination in changed to
[centring] his imagination in

Page 64
light on B would be only four twenty-fifths changed to
light on B would be only [four-twenty-fifths]

Page 65
and cut out an aperature corresponding changed to
and cut out an [aperture] corresponding

Page 66
at a proper heigth from changed to
at a proper [height] from

Page 69
Having discribed in the last changed to
Having [described] in the last

Page 70
as it sometimes called changed to
as [it is] sometimes called

Page 71
and the effect be improved.. changed to
and the effect be [improved.]

Page 83
If he find that he is not changed to
If he [finds] that he is not

Page 87
so dilute the reduction takes places very slowly changed to
so dilute the reduction takes [place] very slowly

Page 88
common desinfecting powder changed to
common [disinfecting] powder
it as as well to have two changed to
it [is as] well to have two

Page 90
a littler acetic acid or common salt changed to
a [little] acetic acid or common salt

Page 91
must be rememberd we are changed to
must be [remembered] we are

Page 92
when the sodium hypsulphite is changed to
when the sodium [hyposulphite] is

Page 95
and, with a squegee changed to
and, with a [squeegee]

Page 101
floated on— changed to
floated [on:—]

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