The story of the Congo Free State

by Henry Wellington Wack

INDEX

• A
• A. B. I. R., [608]
• Aborigines’ Protection Society, [369], [374];
• damaging estimate of its work and methods, note, [376] et seq., [451] et seq., [456], [478]
• Africa, formerly called the “Dark Continent,” [2];
• its value unrecognised, ibid.;
• diamonds in, ibid.;
• its climate once thought to be fatal to Europeans, ibid.;
• portioned by Europe in eighteenth century to facilitate slave trade, [129]
• Africa, Central, slavery in, [5];
• creation of International Association for its exploration and civilisation, [12];
• its healthfulness insisted upon by Livingstone and Stanley, [17];
• large sections claimed by England, France, Portugal, and Germany, ibid.;
• review of, [64] et seq.;
• nomadic habits of its people, [223];
• their superstition, ibid.;
• its consequences, [224];
• the iron horse in, [252];
• its real curse, [289]
• African Exploration Fund, [29];
• London Geographical Society contributes £250, ibid.;
• Belgian Committee collects 500,000 francs, ibid.
• African explorers, Gladstone’s opinion of, [4]
• Albert Edward, Lake, [56], [208]
• Albert Nyanza, Lake, [52], [56]
• Albertville, [58]
• Alcohol, in Congo Free State, [138];
• its prohibition, [273];
• in Lagos, note, [289], [311]
• Alvensleben, Count Von, [136];
• speech at second Brussels Conference, [143]
• American Baptist Missionary Union, [299], [300];
• fifteen grants of land to, [387]
• American Congo Mission, two grants of land to, [387]
• American Indians, Wheaton on their political status, [71]
• American Secretary of State (Mr. Fish) on political status of savages, [72]
• Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, treaty of, [553] et seq.;
• its ratification by United States, [559]
• Anglo-Portuguese Convention, [21];
• it is quashed, ibid.
• Anti-slavery meeting at Cologne, [131]
• Anti-Slavery Society, of Belgium, founded by Cardinal Lavigerie, [91]
• Arab slave-traders, [5]
• Armstrong, Rev. W. D. See Epondo.
• Arnot, Mr. Frederick Stanley, on native punishments, [426]
• Arntz, Prof. Égide, [105];
• argument by, [516]
• Aruwimi, [52], [179]
• Ascenso, Signor, Italian physician, remarks on Congo Free State, [428] et seq.
• Askaris, a Congolese tribe employed by Stanley as carriers, [39]
• Atrocities, Congo, [578], [595] et seq.
• Austria-Hungary, [68]
• Avakubi, [219], [220], [221]
• Azandés, [158]
• B
• Bacon on progress of States, [18]
• Bacteriological Institute, [268]
• Bahr-Djur, [213]
• Bahr-el-Ghazal, France objects to Great Britain leasing it to Congo Free State, [208], [210];
• British scheme to break lease, [210], [211], [213];
• vast mineral wealth discovered there, [214]
• Baker, Sir Samuel, employed by Khedive of Egypt, [4];
• discovers Lake Albert, ibid.
• Bakumu, cannibal tribe, [46];
• Stanley’s encounters with, ibid.
• Balolo, the “men of iron,” [46]
• Bangala, [74]
• Bankes, Mr. J. Eldon, K. C., [341]
• Banning, M. Emile, [136]
• Bantu race, [309]
• Banzyville, [53]
• Baoilis, [153]
• Baptist Missionary Society of London, [299], [300]
• Baraka, [59]
• Barbour, Rev. Thomas S., presents memorial to Congress, [387] et seq., [396]
• Baron A. Descamps. See Descamps, Baron A.
• Baron de Courcel. See Courcel.
• Baron Dhanis. See Dhanis.
• Baron Gericke d’Herwijen. See D’Herwijen.
• Baron Lambermont. See Lambermont, Baron.
• Baron Nisco. See Nisco, Baron.
• Baron Van Eetvelde. See Eetvelde, Baron Van.
• Batetelas, [52];
• their grievance, [216], [218], [220], [221], [222];
• their revolt crushed, [222]
• Baudouinville, [58], [59]
• Beernaert, M., Belgian Minister of Finance, speech by, [97]
• Belgian and French boundary, [46]
• Belgian Anti-Slavery Society, raises volunteer corps to protect individual liberty, [200];
• despatches three missionary expeditions to Congo, ibid.
• Belgian Society of the Upper Congo, [178]
• Belgique, La, twin-screw steamer employed by Stanley, [39]
• Bena Kalunga, [194]
• Benedetti, M. Antoine, [373];
• appointed chief commissary of Congo State, [376];
• pretends he is opposed to Congo Government, [377]
• Bergamoyo, [33]
• Berlin Conference, [23], [26], [94], [308], [309];
• the General Act of, its full text, [530] et seq.
• Bernard, Montague, on de jure and de facto governments, [69]
• Besche, De, [218]
• Bia, Lieutenant, [47]
• Bigwood, Mr., [353]
• Bird, Strode & Bird, Messrs., solicitors, [341]
• Bishop Taylor Self-Supporting Mission, [300];
• seven grants of land to, [387]
• Bismarck, Prince, convenes International Conference at Berlin to regulate “African Question,” [23];
• speech, ibid.;
• speech, [26];
• speech at close of Berlin Conference, [94]
• Black and White comments upon Lord Lansdowne’s dispatch of August 8, 1903, [459]
• Blood-brotherhood, [160]
• Blue Mountains, [52], [53]
• Bluntschli, M., on the rights of new States, [527]
• Bokala, [50]
• Boma, a native fort, [187], [188], note;
• description of, by Dr. Hinde, [191]
• Bosco, M. Gennaro, public prosecutor. See Epondo.
• Bosoko, [179]
• Boston Peace Conference, [389]
• Boula Matari, native name for Stanley, [235]
• Boulger, Mr. Demetrius C., [165], note, [188]
• Bourée, M., [136]
• Bourne, Mr. Fox, Secretary Aborigines’ Protection Society, [372], [373], [386]
• Bowara, [54]
• Brabant, Duke of (see Leopold II.), [4], [65]
• Brassem, Lieut., [47]
• Brazza, De, [262]
• Britain, Great, recognises Portugal’s claims to Congo River, [20];
• declines to aid Stanley, [65];
• appeals to King Leopold to call conference at Brussels to concert measures for suppression of slavery on East Coast of Africa, [132];
• land system of its African colonies, [612] et seq.
• British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, [610]
• British Baptist Society Corporation, fifteen grants of land to, [387]
• British colonies, crown lands in, [329];
• system of government attacked, [589]
• British expedition to Congo, [43]
• Brussels, International Conference of Geographers (1876) at, [7], [134];
• Brussels Second Conference (1889-90), declaration of General Act of, [552] et seq.;
• ratification by United States, [559] et seq.
• Bruyn, De, [181], [183]
• Bryon, M., [34]
• Bull, John, paints the map red, [19];
• some of his traits, [366] et seq.;
• his missionaries at work for his merchants, [388]
• Burdo, M., [36]
• Burrows, Captain Guy, is charged by Belgian officers with libel, [340] et seq.;
• claims to have silenced Captain Salusbury, [348];
• is announced to contribute series of articles on Congo Free State to Wide World Magazine, [351];
• agrees with R. A. Everett & Co. as to publication of book about Congo, ibid.;
• his agreement with Mr. John George Leigh, [353]
• Burton, Sir Richard, discovers Lake Tanganyika, [4], [58]
• Busira-Momboya River, [335]
• C
• Cambier, Lieut., [32];
• assumes command of Belgian expedition, [33];
• reaches Mirambo’s territory, ibid.;
• becomes “blood-brother” of Mirambo, ibid.;
• founds station on Lake Tanganyika, [34];
• learns of death of Wautier, ibid.;
• hands over command to Captain Ramaeckers, [36], [253], [256]
• Cameron, Commander Lovett, on native punishments, [425]
• Campbell, Mr. John, M.P., derides anti-Congo agitation, [370]
• Canada, British, concessions in, [328]
• Canisius, M., [349]
• Cannibalism, [161];
• State circular on repression of, [566] et seq.
• Caoutchouc. See Rubber.
• Cape-to-Cairo Railway, [208]
• Cardinal Lavigerie, [90]
• Carlyle, Thomas, his philosophy, [63]
• Carriers, their insubordination, [34]
• Casement, Mr. Roger, his Britannic Majesty’s consul, [175], [234];
• Congo Government’s reply to his report refused publication by London editors, [369];
• suppression of parts of his report favourable to Congo Free State, [371], [465], [475] et seq., [477];
• notes by Congo Administration on his report, [591] et seq.
• Cassart, Lieut., [185]
• Cataracts of Mokoangi, [54]
• Cataracts Railway, [252];
• cost of travelling upon, [255]
• Cataracts of Zongo, [54]
• Catholic Herald, [371] et seq.
• Cattle, [269]
• Central Africa. See Africa, Central.
• Chaltin, Commandant, [190];
• strikes severe blow at Dervishes, [201], [219];
• his action for libel against Captain Guy Burrows, [340] et seq.
• Charing Cross Hospital, London, [267]
• Chieftaincies, native, [239]
• Chige, battle at, [182], [183]
• Chimay, Prince de, [135]
• Christian and Missionary Alliance, [300]
• Christy, Dr., English physician, remarks on Congo Free State, [430] et seq.
• Chronique, [461]
• Cicatrisation, [156]
• Cinnamon, [268]
• Clarke, Sir Edward, K.C., [341];
• his speech in case against Captain Guy Burrows and Messrs. R. A. Everett & Co., [342] et seq., [363], [364]
• Cloves, [269]
• Coal, discovery of, [291]
• Cocoa, [268];
• State reward for native cultivation of, [269]
• Coffee, [53], [268];
• State reward for native cultivation of, [269]
• Cologne, anti-slavery meeting at, [131]
• Colonel Strauch. See Strauch.
• Comité d’ Études du Haut-Congo formed at Brussels, [29];
• its name changed to International Association of the Congo, [39];
• Stanley enters its service, ibid.
• Commerce, Chamber of, of Manchester (England), correspondence with British Secretary for Foreign Affairs re Upper Congo, [529] et seq.
• Commerce, Chamber of, of State of New York, resolution of, [528] et seq.
• Concessionary companies, [116];
• their contracts with the State and their operations, [322] et seq.
• Congo Bololo Mission, [299];
• seven grants of land to, [387]
• Congo, Conventional Basin of the, its limits, [206]
• Congo Free State, its evolution, [2];
• conceived by King of the Belgians and Stanley, [22];
• its flag, [26];
• extent, [44];
• boundary with North-eastern Rhodesia, [47];
• its natural wealth, [51];
• early legislation in, [66];
• a properly organised government previous to General Act of Berlin Congress, [67];
• recognised as such by Powers previous to that Act, ibid.;
• declaration concerning, by General Sanford, [79];
• recognised as a friendly government by American Secretary of State Frelinghuysen [80];
• makes treaties with United States in 1884 and 1885, [92];
• freedom of trade established in, by General Act of Berlin Conference, ibid.;
• treaties with various powers, [93];
• attacked by Sir Charles Dilke in British Parliament, [96];
• develops land, [115];
• concessionaire companies in, [116];
• alcohol in, [138];
• import duties, [140];
• cost of founding the State, [145];
• bequeathed by Sovereign to Belgium, [149];
• population, [151];
• origin of races, [152] et seq.;
• Public Force, [164];
• prohibits trade in firearms, gunpowder, and other explosives, [200];
• regulates contracts of service, ibid.;
• creates volunteer corps to protect individual liberty, ibid.;
• delimitation of its territory, [206];
• its enemies, [223];
• displacement of population, [225];
• internal administration, [228];
• nationality of its servants, [230];
• Department of Justice, [231],
• intrigues against, [235];
• its means of communication with Europe, [249];
• scientific stations in, [264];
• climate, [265];
• influx of Europeans and Americans, ibid.;
• trade and revenue, [277];
• receives from King Leopold annual subsidy of 1,000,000 francs, [278];
• exports and imports, [280-286];
• Herr Eberhard Von Schkopp on trade of, [287];
• declining trade with England, [290];
• discoveries of gold, coal, and copper in, [291];
• revenue, [292];
• expenditure, [294] et seq.;
• monetary system, ibid.;
• missions in, [299];
• schools, [301];
• origin of land system, [313];
• unappropriated lands declared property of, [314];
• dealings with foreign squatters upon lands in Congo Basin, [316];
• adopts Torrens Act system of transferring land titles, [317];
• appoints Land Commission, [318];
• authorises natives to work mines on own account, [319];
• recognises certain local customs as valid, [320];
• its various land tenures, [322];
• traders’ alleged grievances against, [330] et seq.;
• domain of the crown, its extent, [335] et seq.;
• its forests finest in the world, [336];
• its mining laws, ibid. et seq.;
• campaign against, begun in America, [387];
• its value generally recognised, [447];
• replies to Lord Lansdowne’s dispatch of August 8, 1903, [458];
• reception of reply by British press, [460];
• instructions respecting officials and natives, [569];
• text of reply to British dispatch of August 8, 1903, [577] et seq.;
• official correspondence with Great Britain, [590];
• notes on Mr. Casement’s report, [591] et seq.;
• concessionaires, private firms, and trading companies therein, [616] et seq.;
• principal officials in Brussels, [617];
• principal local officials, ibid.
• Congo, Lower, [201];
• charted by buoys, [250], [252]
• Congo, Middle, [46], [201]
• Congo Question, [3]
• Congo Reform Association (of Liverpool), its specious arguments, [315];
• letter to, from editor of Catholic Herald, note, [371], [374], [452];
• establishes its American headquarters at Boston, [467]
• Congo Reform Association, Secretary of, [372];
• enters into correspondence with Mr. Benedetti, and requests interview with him, [378], [379];
• introduces Mr. Benedetti to Mr. John Holt, [380];
• his agreement with Mr. Benedetti, [381] et seq.;
• receives letter from Mr. Benedetti, [383], [384], [386];
• presents memorial to President Roosevelt, asking for American intervention in affairs of Congo Free State, [388];
• abuses King Leopold at Boston Peace Congress, [395];
• is estimated by Major James Harrison, [409] et seq.;
• publishes book attacking government of French Congo, [447] et seq.;
• ceases hostility to French Congo, ibid.;
• the Congo coroner, [468];
• specimen of his vituperative fanfaronade, [470] et seq.
• Congo River, its source, [45];
• discovered by Livingstone, ibid.;
• its harbours and shipping, [250];
• Sir Travers Twiss on free navigation of, [502];
• navigation of, as provided for in General Act of Berlin Conference, [536] et seq.
• Congo, Upper, [44], [187];
• slavery finally extinguished on, [201], [252]
• Copal, [272]
• Copper, discovery of, [291]
• Coquilhat, Captain, [165]
• Corriere Toscano, [463]
• Count Van der Straeten Ponthoz. See Ponthoz.
• Courcel, Baron de, speech at International Conference, Berlin, [27]
• Cranborne, Viscount. See Salisbury, Marquess of.
• Crespel, Captain, commands first Belgian expedition, [32];
• arrives at Zanzibar, ibid.;
• his death, ibid.
• Crispe, Mr., K. C., [341], [357]
• Cromer, Lord, reports upon migratory habit of Soudan population, [226], [454]
• Crystal Mountains, [47]
• Curse of Central Africa, The, title of book by Captain Guy Burrows, [353]
• Curzon, Viscount, Viceroy and Governor-General of India, his opinion of the Congo Free State Government, [422]
• Cuvelier, Chevalier de., Secretary of State of Congo Free State, [293]
• D
• Daily Chronicle, letter to, from Sir Harry Johnston, [401] et seq.
• Daily News, [369], [371], [372], [373], [374]
• Daily Telegraph (London), Stanley’s letters to, [38]
• D’Arenberg, Prince F., [453]
• Davis, Mr. Alexander, his opinion of the Congo Free State Government, extracted from his book, The Native Problem in South Africa, [418] et seq.
• Defence of Congo Free State, [577] et seq.
• Dekere, [54]
• De Keyser, Captain Henri Joseph Leon, his action for libel against Captain Guy Burrows, [340] et seq.;
• is awarded £500 damages and costs, [363]
• Delcommune, Lieut., [47], [55], [184], [185]
• Delecourt, Lieut., [220]
• Derscheid, Lieut., [47]
• Descamps, Baron A., his work entitled New Africa, [74];
• exposition of international law, [81];
• on Government Civilisation in New Countries, [110], [257], [293];
• exposition of early Congolese policy, [309];
• analysis of theory of State ownership of vacant lands, [315]
• Dhanis, Lieut. (afterwards Baron), [179], [180], [181], [182], [183], [184], [185], [186], [187], note 188, [189], [190], [191], [192], [193], [194];
• his final report on Arab campaign, [195], [219], [220], [221], [222]
• D’Herwijnen, Baron Gericke, [141]
• Diego Cam, discoverer of the Congo, [42]
• Dilke, Sir Charles, attacks Congo Free State in British Parliament, [96], [370], [447], [455]
• Dirfi, [220]
• Doorme, Lieut., [187]
• Doumergue, M. Gaston (French Colonial Minister), decree consolidating legislation for French West Africa, [338] et seq.
• Droeven, [218]
• Dubreucq, Commandant, his action for libel against Captain Guy Burrows, [340] et seq.
• Duchesne, Lieut., [182]
• Dufile, railroad to Redjaf, [256]
• Dufourny, A., President of the Federation for the Defence of Belgian Interests Abroad, [395]
• Dupont, Professor, assistant at Court of Inquiry, [476]
• Dutalis, Lieut., [35]
• Dutrieux, Dr., [33]
• E
• Edward, King of England, visits Paris, [448]
• Eetvelde, Baron Van, [136];
• report on conscription, [168];
• report on civilisation of native races, [202];
• reviews complete work of Congo Free State, [203]
• Egypt, Khedive of, employs Sir Samuel Baker, [4];
• is coerced by Europe to suppress slave-trading on the Upper Nile, [6];
• employs Sir Samuel Baker and General Gordon to govern the Soudan, ibid.
• Ekongo, King of, [42];
• his conversion to Christianity, ibid.;
• old kingdom of, [43]
• Elephants, Indian, experiment with, [35];
• abundant in Kivu forest, [57], [272]
• Emin Pasha, [53], [60], [188]
• Employees, dismissed, misrepresentations by, [580]
• En Avant, steamer employed by Stanley, [39]
• England, claims large sections of Africa, [17];
• decreasing trade with Congo Free State, [290];
• its cause, ibid.
• Epondo case, [595] et seq.
• Equateurville, [46], [50]
• Etienne, M. Eugène, dissertation on the French Congo and Congo Free State, [324] et seq.
• Étoile Belge, [346], [355]
• Evening Transcript, [463] et seq.
• Everett, Messrs. R. A. & Co., London publishers, legal action against for libel, [340] et seq.;
• letter from, to Secretary of State of Congo Free State, [351] et seq.
• Expedition, British, to Congo, [43]
• Exports from Congo Free State, 1903 (statistics of), [280];
• value of, ibid.;
• comparison with previous years, [281]
• F
• Fashoda, [212], [213]
• Favereau, Baron de, [478]
• Federation for the Defence of Belgian Interests Abroad, [389];
• address to President Roosevelt, [390], [479]
• Fetish doctor, [223], [224], [225]
• Fiji Islands, [610]
• Force Publique, [216]
• Foreign Christian Missionary Society, [300]
• Forfeit, Mr. William, remarks on Congo Free State, [427] et seq.
• Flanders, Count of, becomes President of National Committee of International Association for the Exploration and Civilisation of Central Africa, [13]
• France, war with Germany, [4];
• claims large sections of Africa, [17];
• sets up her flag at Brazzaville, [19];
• denounces Anglo-Portuguese Convention, [21];
• recognises International Association as a friendly Government, [22];
• land system of its African colonies, [612] et seq.
• Franciscans, [301]
• Francqui, Lieut., [47], [59], [184]
• Fraud, A gross, [157]
• Frelinghuysen, F. F., American Secretary of State, recognises Congo Free State as a friendly Government, [80]
• French and Belgian boundary, [46]
• French Sheldon, Mrs., on atrocities in Congo Free State, [445]
• Frere, Sir Bartle, becomes Governor of the Cape, [12];
• letter to, from Mr. H. Nixon, on baneful influence of Aborigines’ Protection Society, [377]
• Fuchs, M., reports on Public Force, [170];
• suggests (in his capacity of Vice-Governor-General) plan to control migration of natives, [226];
• report of July, 1904, [229];
• report on routes for motor cars, [263]
• G
• Gandu, [181], [217], [218]
• Garenganze Evangelical Mission, [300]
• General Anzeiger, [461]
• Germaine, Mr., K. C., [341]
• Germany, war with France, [4];
• claims large sections of Africa, [17];
• wants part of East Africa, [19];
• denounces Anglo-Portuguese Convention, [21];
• recognises International Association as a friendly Government, [22];
• invites Powers to confer in Berlin, ibid.;
• land system of its African colonies, [612] et seq.
• Ghent, Sisters of Charity, [301]
• Gibbons, Cardinal, [438];
• letter to Secretary Congo Reform Association, [439] et seq.
• Gibbons, Major H. H., opinion of Congo State, [583]
• Gillain, Commandant, [187], [194], [217], [218]
• Ginger, [268]
• Gladstone, his opinion of African explorers, [4]
• Globe, The, letter from Lord Mountmorres to, [441] et seq.
• Gois Kapopa, [184]
• Gold, discovery of, [291]
• Goldsmid, Sir Frederic, his report on Portuguese claims, [21]
• Gongo Lutete. See Lutete.
• Gongo Machoffe, [219]
• Goodwill, English Baptist mission steamer, [300]
• Gordon, General, is employed by Khedive of Egypt to govern Soudan, [6];
• appointed by King Leopold to chief command on the Congo, [41];
• British Government claim his services, ibid.
• Gortchakoff, Prince, [68]
• Grant discovers sources of the Nile and Lake Victoria, [4]
• Granville, Lord, [20];
• on development of trade in Central Africa, [530]
• Great Britain. See Britain, Great.
• Grégoire, M., assistant at Court of Inquiry, [476]
• Grenfell, Mr. George, English missionary, remarks on Congo Free State, [427];
• on administration of justice in, [568] et seq.
• Grey, Mr., English civil engineer, remarks on Congo Free State, [435] et seq.
• Grison, Rev. Father, missionary in charge of St. Gabriel’s, Stanley Falls, [301];
• extracts from his diary, [302];
• his strenuous life, [306], [307]
• Guinness, Dr. H. Grattan, lectures in Scotland on atrocities in Congo Free State, [424] et seq., [427]
• Guinness, Mrs. H. Grattan, her testimony different from that of her husband, [425]
• H
• Hamburgische Börsen Halle, Neue, its estimate of British opinion of Congo Free State, [333] et seq.
• Hamed-ben-Mohamed, note, [179]
• Hanssens, Captain, [40]
• Harbey, Rev. C. H., testifies as to lying proclivities of natives, [600]. See Epondo.
• Harrison, Major James, [369], [374];
• letter to London Times, [404] et seq.;
• remarks upon side issue raised by Secretary of Congo Reform Association, [409] et seq.
• Head, Mr. George, M.A., demolishes arguments of Secretary of Congo Reform Association at Boston Peace Congress, [396]
• Head tax, in British colonies, [582]
• Health committees, [268]
• Heffter, his theory of the existence of a State, [528]
• Henderson, Mr. John, his comments on Consul Casement’s report, [466] et seq.
• Henry, Commandant, [220], [221], [222]
• Heusch, De, Lieut., [194];
• is killed in battle, ibid.
• Heuval, Dr. Van den, [35]
• Heymans, Captain, [54]
• Hinde, Dr. Sidney, [179], [183], note, [188];
• his description of a boma, note, [191]
• Hodister, [178]
• Holland, Queen of, [143]
• Holt, Mr. John, Liverpool merchant, [373];
• pays Mr. Benedetti £40, [383], [384];
• his trading company loses its case against the Compagnie Française du Congo Occidental before the Council of Appeal at Libreville, [450]
• Horses, [269]
• Hospital for Natives, Boma, [268]
• Humanitarianism, pretext of, [578]
• Hut tax, in British colonies, [582], [605]
• Hygienic Commission, Boma, [265]
• I
• Import duties, [140]
• Imports into Congo Free State, 1903, [282], [283], [284], [286];
• compared with imports of previous years, [286]
• Independance Belge, [352], [353], [374]
• Influenza, [187]
• International Association for the Exploration and Civilisation of Central Africa, creation of, [12];
• General Sanford (United States Minister at Brussels) becomes member, [13];
• receives influential support, ibid.;
• receives report of Commission of Eight, [25];
• founds station on Lake Tanganyika, [34];
• stations created by, [491];
• its recognition by United States as a friendly Government recommended by Senator Morgan, [492];
• treaties with Germany, Great Britain, France, and Portugal, [544] et seq.;
• declaration exchanged with Belgium, ibid.
• International Missionary Alliance, [300];
• eleven grants of land to, [387]
• Irebu, [56]
• Itembo, [52]
• Itimbiri, [251]
• Ituri, forest of, [52]
• Ivory, tax on, [178], [272];
• export duty on, [278]
• J
• Janssen, M. Camille, [165]
• Janssens, M., president of Committee of Inquiry, [476]
• Japan, domainal system of, [334]
• Jesuits, [301]
• Johnston, Sir Harry, G. C. M. G., [152];
• quotation from his book, The Uganda Protectorate, [400] et seq.
• Juan II., King of Portugal, [42]
• Junker, Dr., German explorer, [53];
• on native punishments, [425]
• Jürgens, [218]
• K
• Kabambari, [191]
• Kabinda, [43];
• attacked by Batetelas, [217], [218]
• Kabindas, a Congolese tribe employed by Stanley as carriers, [39]
• Kakongos, [153]
• Kalengo. See Epondo.
• Karema, [34]
• Kassai, [50]
• Kassali, Lake, [48]
• Kasson, Mr., United States Plenipotentiary, [107]
• Kassongo, [47], [181], [182], [187], [188], [189], [191], [193], [221]
• Katanga, [48];
• copper deposits in, ibid.;
• soon to be reached by railroad, [48], [184]
• Katué, [221]
• Khartoum, [214]
• Khedive of Egypt employs Sir Samuel Baker, [4]
• Kibala Mountains, the African Switzerland, [48]
• Kiranga-cha-gungo, largest inland volcano in world, [57]
• Kirk, Sir John, [136], [426]
• Kipango, [186]
• Kivu, Lake of, [57]
• Kleine Journal, [462]
• Konings, [218]
• Kwango, [50]
• L
• La Liberté, [460]
• La Lulonga Society. See Epondo, [608]
• Labour, question of native, [581]
• Labudi, [47]
• Lado, Enclave of, [210]
• Lado territory, [219]
• Laeken, Brussels, King Leopold’s palace, [248]
• Lagos, British colony of, its revenue, 1898-1901, note, [289];
• sixty-five per cent. of revenue derived from alcoholic liquor, [311];
• wasteful methods of dealing with rubber and timber, [323];
• decline of prosperity in, ibid., [374], [468];
• its revenue reviewed by the Lagos Standard, [469] et seq.
• Lake Albert Edward, [56]
• Lake Albert Nyanza, [52], [56]
• Lake Kassali, [48]
• Lake Kivu, [57]
• Lake Leopold II., discovered by Stanley, [56]
• Lake Matumba, [46], [53]
• Lake Moero, [49]
• Lake Tanganyika. See Tanganyika.
• Lambermont, Baron, attends Brussels Conference (1876), [8];
• reports upon safeguards for native races, [26];
• drafts final act of International Conference, ibid.;
• on slavery, [89];
• his definition of free trade, [111];
• presides over Second Brussels Conference, [136]
• Land system, features of the, in the African colonies of Germany, Great Britain, France, and Portugal, [612] et seq. (See Congo Free State, [586])
• Lange, De, Belgian officer, [192]
• Lansdowne, Marquess of, [450];
• his dispatch to the Powers Signatory to the Berlin Act, [457] et seq.;
• its reception by British press, [460], [465];
• dispatch to the Powers Signatory of the General Act of Berlin respecting alleged cases of ill-treatment of natives and the existence of trade monopolies in Congo State, [573] et seq.
• Launay, Count de, [298]
• Laveleye, M. Emile, [105]
• Lavigerie, Cardinal, [90];
• founds Belgian Anti-Slavery Society, [91];
• visits Belgium, [134], [426]
• Lawrence, William Beach, on what constitutes a State, [528]
• Le Marinel, Lieut., [178], [179]
• Leigh, Mr. John George, his agreement with Captain Guy Burrows, [353]
• Leopold II. (King of the Belgians and Sovereign of the Congo Free State), his accession to Belgian throne, [2];
• believes Africa promising outlet for surplus European population, [3];
• his magnificent physique and personal accomplishments, ibid.;
• perceives opportunity to civilise Central Africans and found Belgian colony, ibid.;
• his scheme disregarded, ibid.;
• speech before Belgian Senate in 1860, [4];
• his philanthropy, [6];
• considers how the slave trade in Africa can be abolished, ibid.;
• convenes an international conference of geographers in Brussels (1876) to discuss the subject, [7];
• his circular letter, ibid.;
• his speech, [8];
• becomes President of International Association for the Exploration and Civilisation of Central Africa, [12];
• speech before National Committee, [14];
• his desire for new markets for Belgian manufactures, [17];
• his prescience, ibid.;
• spends largely of his private fortune to suppress slavery, [18];
• appeal to British Government, [21];
• recognised by Powers as Sovereign ruler of Congo Free State, [28];
• becomes honorary President of the Comité d’Études du Haut-Congo, [29];
• invites Stanley to Brussels, [39];
• induces him to enter service of International Association of the Congo (new name of the Comité d’Études du Haut-Congo), ibid.;
• plans campaign of exploration, [60];
• a true friend to Stanley, [65];
• his early declaration, ibid.;
• letter to his ministers, [99];
• authorised by Belgian Chamber to assume sovereignty of Congo Free State, [101];
• his acknowledgment, ibid.;
• receives congratulations and is visited by Lord Mayor of London, [101], [102];
• is appealed to by British Government to call conference at Brussels to concert measures for suppression of slavery on East Coast of Africa, [132];
• letter to M. Beernaert, [147];
• bequeaths sovereignty of Congo Free State to Belgium, [149];
• note, [179];
• confers title of Baron on Captain Dhanis, [195];
• his plans to suppress slavery excite little interest, [197];
• depletes his fortune to achieve his object, [198];
• receives scant support outside Belgium, ibid.;
• his Majesty’s mandate, ibid.;
• his first object realised, [205];
• his political foresight, [210];
• his energy and industry, [248];
• Laeken, his palace at Brussels, ibid.;
• his châlet at Ostend, ibid.;
• his immense expenditure on Congo State, [276];
• impossible to recover, [277];
• grants annual subsidy of 1,000,000 francs to Congo State, [278];
• his early declarations consistently carried out, [320];
• Captain Guy Burrows dedicates book to, [347];
• is abused by Secretary of Congo Reform Association at Boston Peace Congress, [395];
• Congo Free State likely to fulfil his expectations, [447]
• Leopoldville, [46];
• fortnightly communication with Stanley Falls, [251];
• treaty of, [489]
• Leroi, Captain, [219], [220]
• Leslie, Rev. W. H., of American Baptist Missionary Union, [411];
• contributes article on Congo to Missionary Review of the World, [414]
• Liebrechts, Mr., Secretary-General of Congo Free State, letters to from Captain Burrows, [347] et seq.
• Lindi, [221]
• Lindt, Van, Lieut., [189]
• Lippens, [181], [183]
• Livingstone, Dr., enters Congo region, 1860, and discovers lakes Moero and Bangweolo, [4];
• found by Stanley in 1871, ibid.;
• says white man can live in Central Africa, [17], [197]
• Livingstone Inland Mission, [299]
• Lomami, [49], [50], [51], [181], [182], [183], [217], [218]
• Lopori, [49]
• Lothaire, Commandant, [194], [217], [218], [219]
• Lua, [54]
• Luahilimta, [57]
• Lualaba, [47], [177], [186], [251]
• Lualaba-Kassai, [201]
• Luapula, [47]
• Lubefu, [50], [335]
• Lubuga, [57]
• Lubukine, [194]
• Lufila, [47]
• Lufupa, [47]
• Lukenie River, [335]
• Lulongo, [49], [50]
• Luluabourg, [74], [201];
• outbreak of Batetelas at, [216], [218]
• Lumber, [272]
• Lunda country, [74]
• Lusambo, [179], [201], [217]
• Lusana, [183]
• Lutete, Gongo, [179];
• his personality, [180], [181], [182], [184];
• is court-martialled and shot, [190];
• disastrous consequences of that event, [191], [216]
• M
• Mabode, [52]
• Maes, Dr., [32];
• his death, ibid.
• Maguire, Dr., English missionary, remarks on Congo Free State, [429] et seq.
• Mahagi, [212]
• Malet, Sir Edward, attends International Conference at Berlin, [24];
• speech, [27]
• Maloney, Mr. J. A., on native punishments, [426]
• Malumba, Batetela mutineer, murdered by one of his followers, [221]
• Manning, Cardinal, [131]
• Manyema, collectors of ivory, [59], [182];
• country of, [191], [218], [221]
• Marès, M. Roland de, [384]
• Marno, M., [32]
• Marriage, Christian, among natives, [273]
• Martens, Prof., [136]
• Martin of Bohemia, cosmographer 42
• Matadi, [47], [252], [253];
• trains from, [255]
• Matumba, Lake, [46], [53], [56]
• Mayombés, [153]
• Mayumbe Railway, [256]
• Mbomu, [54], [208], [209], [210]
• Meshra-er-Rek, [213]
• Mfini, [56]
• Mgonda-Mkali, [33]
• Michaux, Captain, [182], [183], [184], [218]
• Middle Congo, [46], [48]
• Mirambo, [33];
• his conflict with Simba, [36]
• Missionaries, [299], [300], [301], [385], [387], [411], [424], [425], [427], [429];
• deceived by native witnesses, [233]
• Missions, Protestant, [299]
• Modes et Robes à la Congo, [154]
• Moero, Lake, [49];
• south-eastern boundary between British territory and Congo Free State, [59]
• Moharra, Munie, [181], [184], [185], [186]
• Mohun, Mr., formerly United States Consul at Boma, [411];
• his opinion of Congo Free State Government, [415] et seq.
• Mokoangi, Cataracts of, [54]
• Molieka, [52]
• Moltke, Von, [180]
• Moncheur, Baron, Belgian Minister to United States, [389];
• career, [618]
• Mongalla, [52]
• Moore, English naturalist, [57];
• discovers zoölogical remains of a dead sea, [59]
• Morgan, Senator, of Alabama, presents memorial to Congress, [388];
• submits Report from Committee on Foreign Relations recommending United States to recognise International African Association as friendly government, [492]
• Morning Advertiser, comments upon Lord Lansdowne’s dispatch of August 8, 1903, [458] et seq.;
• betrays some British desires, [459]
• Morning Post, [369];
• letter to from Major James Harrison, [409];
• from Mr. Grey, [435] et seq.
• Morrison, Rev. Mr. W. M., of Lexington, Va., [385];
• fails to obtain land concessions and special privileges, [386];
• his statements compared with facts, [387], [388], [396], [456]
• Mountains, Blue, [52], [53]
• Mountains, Crystal, [47]
• Mountains, Kibala, [48]
• Mountains, Pallaballa, [252], [253]
• Mountmorres, Lord, [374];
• starts on journey through Congo Free State, [440];
• letter from, to London Globe, [441] et seq.
• Mpala, [37]
• Msiri, [48]
• Münster Westphal, [462]
• Musserongés, [153]
• Mwadi, [184]
• Mwana Mkwanga, Arab camp at, [191]
• N
• Natives, Commission for Protection of, report of first meeting, [572] et seq.;
• alleged to be ill-treated, [573] et seq.
• Nerincx, Professor A., coadjutor of Baron Moncheur, [389]
• Netherlands, Prince Henry of,
• becomes President of the National Committee of the International Association for the Exploration and Civilisation of Central Africa, [13]
• New York Herald, Stanley’s letters to, [38]
• New York Press, [464]
• Neyn, M. De, assistant at Court of Inquiry, [476]
• Niadi Kwilu Basin explored, [73]
• Niadi, treaty with King of, [490]
• Niam-Niam, tribe inhabiting Bahr-el-Ghazal country, [214]
• Niangara, [53]
• Niger, navigation of the, as provided for in General Act of Berlin Conference, [541] et seq.
• Nisco, Baron, President of Court of Appeal, [232];
• member of Court of Inquiry, [476]
• Nôtre Dame, Sisters of, [301]
• Nutmegs, [269]
• Nyangwe, [45], [52], [59], [181], [182], [186], [187], [188], [217], [221]
• Nys, M. Ernest, [77]
• Nzilo, [47]
• O
• Obi, [220]
• Omdurman, battle of, [213]
• Ordeal by poison, [159];
• State Circular on repression of, [566] et seq.
• Ostend, King Leopold’s châlet at, [248]
• Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Roman Catholic Mission steamer, [300]
• Ourroussof, Prince, [136]
• P
• Padrão Foreland, [42]
• Pallaballa Mountains, [252], [253]
• Palmerston, Lord, on recognition of States by British Government, [528]
• Panga Falls, [53]
• Parliament, British, debate in, [580]
• Partition of Congo State, [578] et seq., [610]
• Peace, English Baptist Mission steamer, [300]
• Pepper, [268]
• Petit Bleu, interview with Stanley published in, [397]
• Phare de la Loire, [461]
• Philippeville, SS., [477]
• Phipps, Sir Constantine, his Britannic Majesty’s minister at Brussels, dispatch on protection of natives, [561] et seq.
• Photographs, faking of, [371] et seq., [602] et seq.
• Pigmies, [156]
• Poison, ordeal by, [159]
• Polidori, Signor, Italian physician, remarks on Congo Free State, [428] et seq.
• Poll tax, in British colonies, [582]
• Polygamy, [163], [273]
• Ponthier, Captain, [190], [191], [193]
• Ponthoz, Count Van der Straeten, on safeguarding native races, [26]
• Pope Leo XIII., encyclical on abolition of slavery in Brazil, [90];
• receives Central African Christian Negroes, ibid.;
• his speech, ibid.
• Popelin, Captain, commands second Belgian expedition, [35];
• death of, [37]
• Population, displacement of, [225];
• diminution of, [591] et seq.
• Portugal, claims large sections of Africa, [17];
• claims Congo River, [19];
• land system of its African colonies, [612] et seq.
• Postal Service, [244]
• Prémontré Fathers, [301]
• Prestation, natives’ contribution of labour towards support of State, [294]
• Public Force, [164]
• Public Ledger, [465]
• Puttkamer, Herr Von, Governor of the Cameroons, his opinion of the navigation of the Congo River, [252]
• Q
• Queen of Holland, [143]
• R
• Ramaeckers, Captain, commands fourth Belgian expedition, [36];
• joins his colleagues at Tanganyika, ibid.;
• takes over command from Cambier, ibid.;
• death of, [37]
• Rashid, [179], [189], [190], [194]
• Redemptionists, [301]
• Redjaf, [201];
• railroad to Dufile, [256]
• Reed, Henri, American Baptist Mission steamer, [300]
• Rejoinder of Congo State to charges in Consul Casement’s Report, [590] et seq.
• Reply of Congo State to British Dispatch, Aug. 8, 1903, denying that Administration involves systematic cruelty to natives, [577] et seq.
• Revenue, various sources of, [279]
• Rhodes, Cecil, [208];
• prophetic utterance by, [454]
• Rhodesia, North-eastern, and Congo Free State boundary, [47];
• taxes in, [605] et seq.
• Riba Riba, [178]
• Ridley, Mr. Justice, tries suit for libel brought by Belgian officers against Messrs. R. A. Everett & Co. and Captain Guy Burrows, in London, [340] et seq.;
• his charge to jury, [358]
• Roger, M., [36]
• Roman Catholic Mission, forty-four grants of land to, [387]
• Roosevelt, President, [388], [389]
• Royal, steamer employed by Stanley, [39]
• Rubber (caoutchouc), its cultivation and collection, [270];
• its varieties, [272];
• export duty on, [278];
• decrease in export of, from eight British colonies, [324] et seq.
• Rubi, [52]
• Rudolph, Archduke, of Austria, becomes President of National Committee of International Association for the Exploration and Civilisation of Central Africa, [13]
• Ruki, [50]
• Rumeliza, chief of Ujiji, [191], [193], [194]
• Rusisi, [57]
• S
• Sacred Heart of Mary, Sisters of the, [301]
• Sacred Heart, Priests of the, [301]
• Salisbury, Marquess of, his opinion of the Congo Free State Government, [423], [456], [584]
• Salisbury, Marquess of (the late), his opinion of the Congo Free State Government, [423]
• Salusbury, Captain, his allegations against Congo Free State denied by Captain Guy Burrows, [346]
• Sambas Plateau, [50]
• Sanford, General (United States Minister at Brussels), becomes member of International Society for the Exploration and Civilisation of Central Africa, [13];
• declaration by, [79];
• founds, with M. Georges Brugmann, Exploring Expedition, [276]
• Sankuru, [50], [179], [336]
• Sannaes, Lieut., [221]
• San Salvador, [43]
• Scherlink, Lieut., [183]
• Scheut Fathers, [301]
• Schkopp, Herr Eberhard Von, his remarks upon Congolese trade, [287]
• School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, [267]
• Schumacher, Dr. De, member of Court of Inquiry, [476], [478]
• Scott, Mr. G. A., [341]
• Sefu, [179], [181], [183], [184], [185], [186], [187], [189], [190]
• Semlika, boundary between British and Belgian possessions, [56]
• Semliki, [221]
• Seyyid Burghash, Sultan, [32]
• Shanu, British subject of Lagos, tries to induce Mr. Benedetti to join anti-Congo campaign, [377] et seq.
• Sierra Leone, convictions for maltreatment of natives in, [582]
• Simba, his conflict with Mirambo, [36]
• Sir Bartle Frere. See Frere, Sir Bartle.
• Sir Charles Dilke. See Dilke, Sir Charles.
• Sir Frederic Goldsmid. See Goldsmid, Sir Frederic.
• Sir Harry Johnston. See Johnston, Sir Harry.
• Sir John Kirk. See Kirk, Sir John.
• Sir Travers Twiss. See Twiss, Sir Travers.
• Slavery in Central Africa, [5];
• slavery defined, [83];
• antiquity of, ibid.;
• Christ the first liberationist, [84];
• first awakening to infamy of slavery, ibid.;
• England’s traffic in slaves, ibid.;
• her retribution, [85];
• America’s civil war to abolish, ibid.;
• still extant in some countries, ibid.;
• England’s efforts to suppress, [86];
• horrors of, [87];
• Baron Lambermont on, [89];
• Pope Leo XIII.’s encyclical on, [90];
• its strange uses before the founding of Congo Free State, [274];
• Congo State accused of, [294];
• declaration concerning, in General Act of Berlin Conference, [535] et seq.
• Sleeping sickness, [225];
• no known cure for, [266]
• Smallpox, [187], [221], [225], [266]
• Smet de Naeyer, Count de, [478]
• Soudan, migratory habit of its population, [226]
• South Africa, British punitive expeditions in, for collection of taxes from natives, [607]
• Spain, King of, becomes President of National Committee of International Association for the Exploration and Civilisation of Central Africa, [13]
• Speke, Captain, discovers Lake Tanganyika, and sources of the Nile and Lake Victoria, [4], [58]
• St. Paul de Loanda, [43]
• Standard, The, comments upon Lord Lansdowne’s dispatch of August 8, 1903, [459]
• Stanley Falls, [46], [52], [179], [181], [194], [220], [221];
• fortnightly communication with Leopoldville, [251]
• Stanley, Henry Morton, Sir, discovers Dr. Livingstone, [4];
• says white man can live in Central Africa, [17];
• visits Congo in interest of King Leopold, [20];
• demonstrates importance of Congo River in letters to New York Herald and London Daily Telegraph, [39];
• founds and fortifies station at Vivi, [40];
• constructs road from Vivi to Isanghila, ibid.;
• founds a station at Manyanga, ibid.;
• learns of French founding Brazzaville, and replies by founding Leopoldville, ibid.;
• goes to Brussels to report progress, ibid.;
• returns to Central Africa, February, 1883;
• his achievements impossible without King Leopold’s aid, [65], [197];
• Boula Matari, native name for, note, [235];
• insists upon necessity of railroad round the thirty-two cataracts, [253], [262], [274], [275];
• on a common measure of civilisation, [277];
• writes introduction to book by Captain Guy Burrows, [347];
• the true motive of the anti-Congo campaign, [370];
• his opinion of Congo Free State Government, [397] et seq.;
• Congo Free State likely to fulfil his expectations, [447]
• Stanley Pool, [50], [252]
• Stanleyville, railroad from, to Great Lakes, [256]
• Stephanieville, treaty of, [490]
• Stokes, executed for selling arms to State’s enemies in time of war, originally Protestant missionary, [307], [373], [452]
• Storm, Lieut., founds station at Mpala, [37]
• Strauch, Colonel, President of the Comité d’Études du Haut-Congo, [29], [67]
• Sugar, [53], [272]
• Svensson, [218]
• Swanton, Mr., [341]
• Swedish Missionary Society, [300];
• nine grants of land to, [387]
• T
• Tanganyika, Lake, effort to found station at, [34];
• the first station of the International Association for the Exploration and Civilisation of Central Africa, ibid.;
• partitioned equally between Congo Free State and German East Africa, [58];
• discovered in 1858 by Burton and Speke, ibid.;
• first circumnavigated by Stanley, ibid., [191], [194], [200], [208]
• Taxation, Mr. Joseph Chamberlain ridicules native exoneration from, [581] et seq.;
• defends theory of, [582]
• Taxation of natives, [114];
• their migration to avoid, [224];
• personal, the bases of, [293];
• reduction of direct, ibid.
• Telegraph, [59]
• Telegraph service, [245]
• Telephone, [59]
• Telephone service, [245]
• Terrell, Mr., [136]
• Tervueren, Brussels, Museum, containing objects illustrating Central African life, [265]
• Thomas, Mr. Lewis, [341]
• Thys, Lieut., [256]
• Times, The, [373], [384];
• letter from Major James Harrison, [404] et seq., [459];
• French criticism of, [460]
• Tippo Tip, [59], note, [179], [180], [181], [183], [189], [194]
• Tobacco, [53], [272]
• Tobback, M., resident for Congo Free State at Stanley Falls, [189]
• To-Day, [466]
• Trappistines, [301]
• Trappists, [301]
• Tuckey, James Kingston, British explorer, [43]
• Twiss, Sir Travers, [105];
• on free navigation of the Congo, [502]
• U
• Ubanghi, [53], [208], [251]
• Uelle, [53], [177], [201], [208], [209]
• Uelle Railway, proposed extension, [54]
• Uganda Protectorate. See Harrison, Major.
• Ujiji, [191]
• United States, particulars of their origin recorded, [1];
• recognises International Association as a friendly Government, [22];
• makes treaties with Congo Free State in 1884 and 1885, [92], [199]
• Upper Congo, [44];
• Belgian Society of the, [178]
• Uranga, [49]
• Usamba Plateau, [49]
• V
• Van Dorpe, Captain, [165]
• Van Gele, [53]
• Vanilla, [269]
• Vattel on manner of acquiring sovereignty of free country, [527]
• Vivi, first station founded by Stanley, [40];
• road from, to Isanghila made by Stanley, ibid.;
• treaty of, [487]
• Vivian, Lord, [136]; speech at Second Brussels Conference, [142]
• Vohsen, Consul, [453]
• Von Bornhaupt, Herr, [453]
• Von Gotzen, Count, discoverer of volcano Kiranga-cha-gungo, [57]
• Von Moltke. See Moltke, Von.
• W
• Waddas, [53]
• Wagenia, a riverain tribe, [186], [187]
• Wahis, Colonel (afterwards General Baron Wahis), [253];
• speech describing Congolese conditions twenty years ago, [479] et seq.
• Washington, Mr. Booker, [424]
• Wauters, A. J., note, [188]
• Wautier, Lieut., [33];
• his death, [34]
• West Africa, journal of the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce, [450] et seq.
• Wheaton, on recognition of States, [69];
• on political status of American Indians, [71]
• White Fathers, [301]
• Whiteley, Mr. James Gustavus, of Baltimore, his opinion of the Congo Free State Government, [411] et seq.
• Widows, strangling, [158]
• Wingate, Sir Reginald, [454]
• Winton, Sir Francis de (Governor-General of Congo during absence of Stanley), formulates land system, [313]
• Wissmann, [262]
• Wissmann Falls, [50]
• Wolf, Eugène, admonition from, [462]
• Wouters, De, Lieut., [185], [188], [193], [194];
• his death, [195]
• Wulfers, Rev. Father, of the Romee Mission, Yanonghi, [302];
• extracts from his diary, [303-305]
• Y
• Yambuya, [52]
• Young Africa, one-screw barge employed by Stanley, [39]
• Z
• Zanzibar, Englishmen murdered by brigands at, [35]
• Zongo, Cataracts of, [54]

CENTRAL AFRICA
TO ACCOMPANY THE
“STORY OF THE CONGO FREE STATE”
By Henry Wellington Wack