Index

A
A. B. C. Life Series, the, xxiv, [15], [47];
explanation of, [399]-407
Abdominal glands, the, [189], [190]
—— muscles, the, [326], [388]
—— wall, the, [364]
Abernethy biscuit, [131]
Acid reaction, of food, [269]
Acids, stimulating properties of, [270];
supplement weak action in the stomach, [270];
special relation to the pancreas of, [270]
Addison, Joseph, upon the work of Luigi Cornaro, [28]
Adenoids, largely dietetic in origin, [148]-152, [156]
Afferent nerves, special duty of the peripheral terminations of, [184]-185
Agriculture, U. S. Department of, [37]
Albumen, digestion of, [394]
Albuminoids, the, [395]
Albuminous foods, minimum amount of, [74], [78]
Alcoholic beverages, explanation of the use of, [252]
Algarroba bean, the, [124]
Alimentary canal, the, [13], [14], [15], [40];
pabulum derived from, [40], [92], [117];
Professor Pawlow’s conclusions concerning, [186];
experimental investigation of the pathology and therapeutics of, [248], [260], [273], [275], [276], [277]
Alimentation, human, study of, [13];
theory of, [180]
Alkalies, the, [278], [279], [280], [281], [282]
Alkaline reduction, [33], [34], [35], [36], [44]
—— saliva, [33];
its quantity increased by mastication, [96], [102], [146]
Alkalinisation, [92]
Altruism, placed upon a business basis, xxiv
American Medical Missionary Association, the, [390]
—— Medical Missionary Cause, the, xxiii
—— Physiological Society, the, [68]
Anderson, Dr. William G., [54], [87], [88]
Anger, causes indigestion, [7]
Animal economy, [40]
—— food, necessitates less thorough mastication than vegetable, [67], [99]-100, [173];
influenced less than vegetable by cooking, [118]
—— organism, the efficiency of, [58]
Anthropoid apes, [115], [116]
Antiperistalsis, [326], [333], [342], [345], [364];
in the colon, [365]-370;
the question of, [377]-383, [384], [385], [387], [388]
Antiperistaltic waves, [365], [367], [373], [374], [376], [381], [383], [387], [388]
Antrum, the, [307], [308], [311], [315], [322], [323], [326], [327], [333], [334], [336], [340], [341], [360]
Apepsia, [394]
Appendicitis, relationship between diet and, [141]
Appendix, the, cause of catarrh of, [141]
Appetite, demands proteid when wanted, xxxii;
knows what to do and when to do it, xxxiii;
most important factor in digestion, [6];
a perfect indicator, [6];
a creature of the mind, [7];
the caprices of, [7];
easily comprehended, how to read, [8], [9], [12];
an indicator of what the body requires, [20];
will close the valve when enough is eaten, [20];
striking effect of insalivation upon, [50];
fully understood, prevents intemperance in eating or drinking, [95];
sooner satisfied with thorough mastication, [137];
the first and mightiest exciter of the secretory nerves of the stomach, [210];
is juice, [213];
Dr. Pawlow’s experiment showing value of, [226];
its initial impulse may originate in the stomach, [244];
in the rich and in the poor, [252]-253;
care should be taken of, [254];
physicians most often called on to restore, [254];
remarkable how little attention is paid to, [255];
bitters increase, [263], [265];
the strongest of all stimuli to the digestive glands, [263];
connection between gastric juice and, [265].
—— earned, a preliminary necessity of easy digestion, [180]
——, false, [6], [9], [29], [75]
——, normal, [6]
“Appetite juice,” the, [213], [228], [258], [259], [260]
Apples, [169]
Appreciation, attention necessary to create, [7];
necessary to stimulate flow of digestive juices, [7], [12]
Armsby, Dr. H. P., on the heat values and muscular energy values of different food elements, [397]
Asiatics, the, consume smaller proportion of proteids, [82]
Asparagus, [93]
Astrup, E., [126]
Athletes, reason for training, [22]
Attention, necessary to create appreciation, [7];
how to command, [8], [9], [12]
Atwater, Prof. W. O., [54];
on the daily proteid requirement, [76]
—— Respiration Apparatus, the, [57]
Australians, the, [118], [129], [163]
B
Bache Fund, the, [69]
Bacteria, the action in the intestines of, [39], [117]
Bacterial digestion, [40]
—— flora, the, examination of, [26]
Bacteriology, advances of, [248], [249]
Bailey, [128]
Balthazard, experiments of, [314], [315], [327], [328]
Baltimore, Md., [68]
Barling, Gilbert, [141]
Barrett, Robert, [47]
Bayliss, experiments of, [343], [344], [345], [359]
Batter pudding, [98]
Battle Creek, Michigan, [390]
—— Laboratories, the, [389]-391;
experimental investigation of the influence of mastication and cooking of food, etc., in, [391]-396
—— Sanitarium, the, xvii, xxiii, xxvii;
described, [389]-391
Bayert, [123]
Beans, [95], [132]
Beaumont, experiments of, [305], [309], [310], [313], [326], [327], [329], [330], [334], [336]
Beef, [100]
Benedict, Prof. Francis G., [54]
Berlin, [56], [65]
Berne, Switzerland, [284]
Betel, chewing, [103], [128]
Beverages, mastication in the preparation of, [123]
Bidder and Schmidt, experiments of, [202], [204], [231];
conditions for success, [204]-206
Bile, the, [360]
Bitters, therapeutic influence of, [262], [265];
increase the appetite, [263], [264], [265]
Blondlot, experiments of, [181], [182], [277]
Blood, the, toxins absorbed into, [40];
influence of the contraction of the masticatory muscles on local circulation of, [107], [148], [149], [278], [355]
—— elements, the, [41]
Blumfield, Dr. Joseph, [26]
Body, the, considered as an engine, [4], [23];
derives its necessary energy from food, [72];
burdened by excess of food, [73]
Boer War, the, [11]
Bolting food, [35], [36], [134], [135], [138], [140]
Bolus, the, [329], [343], [344]
Boston Society of Medical Sciences, the, [342]
Bouillon, [266]
Bowditch, Dr. Prof. Henry Pickering, xxiv, xxv, [67], [68], [70], [284], [285], [287], [306]
Bowel, the, liable to suffer, [140], [345]
“Bracer,” a, why required, [20]
Braun and Grützner, experiments of, [278]
Bread, [78], [98], [99], [132], [137], [143], [171], [270], [271], [274], [275]
Brinton, experiments of, [329], [330], [334], [336]
British Guiana, [124]
—— Medical Association, the, [27], [48], [91], [92]
“British Medical Journal,” the, [141]
Bronchitis, [144], [146]
Broth, strong, [268]
Brown bread, [43]
Brussels, [68]
Buccal digestion, [8]
—— nerves, the, [194]
Bushmen, the, [118], [123]
Butter, [43], [100]
C
Cabbage, why indigestible, [99]
Cæcum, the, [140], [141], [363], [364], [365], [366], [368], [370], [371], [372], [375], [376], [377], [381], [387]
Cake, [132]
California, University of, [90], [397]
Calm, easy to cultivate, [7]
Cambridge, England, xxxi, [26], [47], [49]
—— tests, the, [47], [69]
—— University, England, xxv, [26], [53], [68], [91]
Campbell, Dr. Harry, [8], [12];
on the importance of mastication, [92]-179, [389]
Cancer, produced by inefficient mastication, [138]
Cane-sugar, changed to grape-sugar, [21], [169]
Cannon, Dr. W. B., [7], [12];
on “Swallowing and Movements of the Stomach and Intestines,” [284]-300;
on the “Movements of the Stomach Studied by means of the Röntgen Rays,” [301]-341;
on the “Movements of the Intestines Studied by Means of the Röntgen Rays,” [342]-388
Carbohydrate foods, [78], [79], [80], [85], [86], [89]
Cardia, the, ideas of early writers concerning, [303], [304], [325], [326], [328], [329]
Cardiac sphincter, the, [307]
Carelessness, the sin of, xvii
Carnegie, Andrew, xxxv
—— Institution, the, [53]
Carnivora, the, do not masticate, [97], [161]
Cassava root, [124]
Cat, the, experiments upon, [289]-293, [299], [303], [307], [311], [312], [315], [320], [322], [325], [333], [335], [337]-339, [341], [344], [353], [359], [361], [365], [366], [372], [382], [383]-386, [388]
Catarrh of the appendix, caused by inefficient mastication, [141]
Cauliflower, [99]
“Cause and Prevention of Decay in Teeth, the,” Wallace’s, [161]
Cavendish lecture, Sir Frederick Treves’s, [140]
Cell, a, determination of the metabolism of, [40]
Cellulose, [117], [170]
Cereals, [78], [84], [146]
Ceylon, [128]
Cheese, [43], [95];
when indigestible, [100], [137]
Chemical excitants, the, [268]
—— secretion, [259]
Chemistry, organic, [62]
——, physical, [62]
Chewing, length of time necessary for, xxxii
Chicken bone, [166]
Chigin, Dr., experiments by, [214], [216], [282]
Children, early feeding of, [130]-132, [143];
defective mastication in, [148];
feeding of, [262]
Children’s Aid Society, the, xxv, [68]
Chimpanzee, the, [115]
China, [82]
Chittenden, Prof. R. H., conducting the experiments at Yale, xvii, [5];
emphasises the want of exact knowledge of nutrition, [53], [67], [68];
the Yale test, [69]-91.
Chop bone, [166]
Chyme, the, [346], [360], [362]
Circulation, the, stimulated by mastication, [96], [103], [157]
Cocoa-nut, [137]
Coffee, [132]
Cole, Sidney W., [47];
his paper upon the isolation of the tryptophane element of the proteid molecule, [47]
Colon, the, [363], [364];
antiperistalsis in, [365]-370;
changes when food enters, [370], [371], [372];
process of clearing, [373]-377, [381], [382], [384], [387], [388]
Comminution, [98], [100], [101]
Commonwealth, the S. S., [69]
Condiments, influence of, [261], [265]
Constipation, cannot exist, [43]
Constriction, waves of, [323], [340], [341]
Cooked flesh, requires mastication, [97], [174]
Cooking, influences vegetable more than mineral food, [118];
effect of, [389], [391]-396
Cornaro, Luigi, reformed manner of living of, ix;
his autobiography, x, xvi, xvii;
Dr. Van Someren’s paper upon his theory of living, [26]-46;
his treatise on the “Sure and Certain Method of Attaining a Long and Healthful Life,” [28];
Addison’s comments upon his work, [28], [92]
Craving for food, [256]
Cream, experiments with, [38]-39, [43]
Cuba, xiv, [70]
Curr, E. M., [125], [129]
D
Dastre, Dr. Prof. A., [67], [68]
Day, experiments of, [337]
Defecation, [373]-377
Deglutition, Magendie’s theory of, [284], [285];
movements of, [285];
divided into three parts, [285];
Falk’s and Kronecker’s theory of, [286];
the X-ray method in the study of, [287]-295;
phenomena of œsophageal, [298]-300
—— reflex, the, [287]
Dental caries, causation of, [161]
Dewey, Dr. Edward Hooker, and the “No Breakfast Plan,” [396], [397]
De Witt, Assistant Surgeon, Lieut. Wallace, in command of soldiers in the Yale investigation, xiii, [70]
Dextrine, [170], [171], [392], [393], [395]
Diaphragm, the, [324], [326]
Diet, best manner and system of, xiii;
the optimum, xxxi;
minimum, [74];
the anthropoid stage, [116];
the pre-cooking human stage, [117];
the pre-agricultural cooking period, [118];
the early agricultural age, [119];
the late agricultural period, [120];
for children, [130]-132;
relationship between appendicitis and, [141]
Dietary Ten Commandments, [5]
Dietetics, precepts of, [272]
Digestion, appetite the most important factor in, [6];
the true chemical end-point of, [10]-11;
effect of the mental state upon, [74], [145];
psychic influence in, [180];
the phenomena in, [251];
thorough mouth-work as an aid to, [389]
Digestion-ash, the, what it should be like, [10]-11, [14];
should not be unclean, [24];
in experiments, [38]-39, [42], [43], [47], [51], [79], [83], [84], [85], [94]
Digestive activity, stopped by anger and worry, [7]
—— canal, the. See Alimentary canal, the
—— glands, the, analogy between the innervation mechanism of the salivary glands and, [188]-190;
appetite the strongest of all stimuli to, [263], [280], [282]
—— juices, the, [7];
appreciation necessary to stimulate flow of, [7], [12], [96];
mastication brings the food into intimate contact with, [98];
quantity of, [267];
relation of milk to the secretion of, [274], [383], [386]
Digitalis, [281]
Diphtheria, [149]
Disease, caused by indiscretions in eating, x, xxxi;
follows disobedience, [29]
Disobedience, disease follows, [29]
Distention, [144]
Distress, effect of, [388]
Dog, the experiments upon, [181], [194]-211, [212]-246, [249], [254], [258], [263], [279], [280], [285], [292], [293], [297], [298], [299], [303], [310], [311], [313], [314], [315], [336], [344]
Dolomites, the, [26]
Drinking, too much, xix, [95]
Dry food, [97]
Dunn, Miss Eva, [122]
Duodenum, the, [303], [315], [356], [360]
Dyspepsia, dangers of, xv;
might cease to exist, [35]
E
Eat, how to, [19]
Eating, too much, ix;
indiscretions of, x, xix, xxix, [29], [95], [135];
too fast, [20];
systematic inattention to, [259], [260];
English have made a cult of, [261]
Economic nutrition. See Nutrition, economic
Efferent nerves, [184], [185]
Efficiency, human, the measure of, xxx;
research into causes for, [54]
Eggs, experiments with, [38], [43], [78], [95], [100], [137], [277]
“Encyclopædia Britannica,” the, [27]
Enemata, the, [367], [379], [380], [388]
Energy, the minimum transformation of, [59]
——, potential, [59]
Engine, an, the body considered as, [4], [23]
English, the, have made a cult of the art of eating, [261]
Emetic, an, [325]
Emotion, inhibition of stomach movements during, [337];
effect of, [383]-384, [388]
Empiricism, medical practice largely based upon, [52]
Esquimaux, the, [118], [123], [125], [126]
Esselmont, experiments of, [383]
Evolution, Nature’s plan of, xi
Ewald, experiments of, [313], [314]
Excess, habitual, confirmed by experiments, ix
Excrements. See Digestion-ash, the
Excretia. See Digestion-ash, the
Exercise, necessity of, xxix
F
Fæces, the, [374]. See also Digestion-ash
Falk, Dr., [284];
theory of deglutition of, [286]
Fallopius, on the functions of the stomach, [302]
Farinaceous food, [395]
Fasola, experiments of, [378]
Fat, potatoes need not produce, [21], [78], [79], [80], [85], [86], [95], [98], [100];
experiments upon, [271], [272], [274]
Faucial tonsils, the, influence of mastication upon, [148]
Fear, effect of, [388]
Fearthought, [404]
Featherman, [123]
Fibrin, [276]
Flesh food, reduction of craving for, [50]
Fletcher, Horace, Dr. Van Someren’s comments upon the case of, [30]-31;
his experiments confirmed by Marckwald, [46];
Sir Michael Foster’s comments, [48];
the Cambridge tests, [49]-52;
the Middletown test, [54]-55, [60];
the Yale test, [75]-91
Flour, [132], [392], [393], [395]
Food, mal-assimilation of, x;
length of time for chewing, xxxii;
Dr. Kellogg’s estimate of amount habitually used, xxxiv;
mouth-treatment of, [5];
how to masticate and swallow, [8], [9], [31], [32];
actual process of mastication described, [32]-34;
important bearing upon the economy of the body of its treatment in the mouth, [48]-49;
its function to supply material from which the body derives necessary energy, [72];
any excess an incubus, [72]-73;
classified under three heads, [78];
in excess,produces a large amount of unnecessary work, [80];
its nutritive value determined by the thoroughness of its digestion, [79];
softness of, [129];
mastication tends to reduce amount of, [136];
should be eaten with interest and enjoyment, [252];
passionate craving for, [256];
its nutritive value should be considered rather than taste, [261];
the acid reaction of, [269];
relative nutritive values of different, [275], [276];
experiments upon the utilisation of, [275];
effect of the movements of the stomach upon, [328];
circulation of, [329];
experimental investigation of the influence of mastication and cooking of, [389]-396
Foster, Sir Michael, xxiv, xxv, [26];
his note upon Dr. Van Someren’s paper, [48]-52;
emphasises the want of exact knowledge of nutrition, [52], [53], [67], [68], [91]
Fowls, experiments upon, [299]
Fruitarians, the, [90], [397]
Fruit sugar, [169]
Fruits, [43];
under-ripe and over-ripe, [141], [395], [396];
usefulness of, [397]
Fubini, experiments of, [383]
Fundus, the, [317], [322], [323], [324], [325], [330], [333], [334], [335], [336], [337], [340]
G
Galen, on the functions of the stomach, [302]
Gastric catarrh, [249]
—— digestion, [309], [316]
—— glands, the, [182];
the vagus and the sympathetic nerves exciters of, [183], [198];
mechanical and chemical stimulation of the cavity of the mouth has no effect on, [201];
psychic excitation of, [205];
sleep exercises no restraining influence upon, [206];
the simultaneous excitation of the different sense organs the first and strongest impulse toward activity of, [210];
psychic secretion the normal commencement of secretory activity on the part of, [214];
conditions upon which depends the secretory work of, [227];
mechanical stimulation of, [237], [245], [249], [271], [272], [274], [280]
Gastric juice, the, appreciation necessary to stimulate flow of, [7];
destroys micro-organisms, [41];
its flow increased by mastication, [102], [146];
secretion of, [181], [206], [208], [211], [213], [262];
connection between the appetite and, [265], [266];
experiments for, [267];
too little, [270], [272], [273];
salts of sodium promote a flow of, [277], [279], [280], [329], [334], [335], [337], [340], [341]
—— mechanism, the, [385]
—— movements, the, [301];
early writings on subject of, [302];
later experiments upon, [303], [327], [329], [338]
—— mucous membrane, the, excitability of, [181], [231], [241], [249], [258], [259], [264]
—— muscular fibres, the, [307]
“Gastric tonics,” [255]
Gastritis, inefficient mastication may produce, [138]
Gastro-intestinal catarrh, [144]
Gastronomic enjoyment, increased by proper mastication and insalivation, [22]
Germany, food in, [267]
Ginger, preserved, [141]
Gladstone, William E., his theory of mastication, [92]
Gland metabolism, [277]
Glinski, Dr., [190], [194], [196], [197]
Gluten, raw, [395]
“Glutton or Epicure,” [26], [31], [92], [389], [396].
See also “New Glutton or Epicure, The”
Goose, the, experiments upon, [288]
Goose-fat, [100]
Gorilla, the, [115]
Gran Chaco Indians, the, [123]
Grape-sugar, chemically made from cane-sugar, [21], [169]
Greens, [132]
Grey, Sir George, [128]
Griddle-cakes, need not be hurtful, [21]
Griffin, Charles & Company, [180], [181]
Grützner, experiments of, [278], [346], [363], [377], [378], [381]
Gscheidlen, [235]
Guinea-pigs, experiments upon, [39]
Gum arabic, chewing, [103]
Gustatory indifference, [263]
—— nerves, the, [263], [269]
Gut, the, [344], [345], [355], [360], [364], [365], [374]
H
Hæmorrhoids, cannot exist, [43]
Haller, experiments of, [304];
his summary of the motor functions of the stomach, [304]-305, [309]
Harvard Medical School, [68]
—— Physiological Laboratory, the, [284]
Haste, danger of, [134]-135
Headache, produced by inefficient mastication, [138]
Health, the optimum, xxxi
Hearing, the sense of, [210]
Heart, the, stimulated by mastication, [96], [103], [281]
Heartburn, [144]
Heat values, [397]
Heger, Dr. Prof. Paul, [67], [68]
Heidenhain, [181], [182], [183], [235]
Herbivora, the, practice thorough mastication, [97]
Higgins, Dr. Hubert, letter from, xxvii-xxxiii, [47]
Hirsch, experiments of, [305], [315]
Hofmeister, experiments of, [305], [308], [309], [310], [311], [313], [314], [326], [327], [332]
Hopkins, Dr. F. Gowland, [26];
his paper upon the isolation of the tryptophane element of the proteid molecule, [47]
Hors d’œuvre, [266]
Horse, the, experiments upon, [293], [294], [300]
Hospital Corps, the, at New Haven, xiii, [70]
Hunger, [241];
“the best sauce,” [254]
Hyperacidity, [145]
Hyperæmia, [345]
Hyperchlorhydria, [144], [147]
I
“Igniting juice,” [260]
Ignorance, dietic, sin of, xvii
Ileocæcal valve, the, [355], [362];
the competence of, [362]-364, [367], [370], [376], [381], [387], [388]
Ileum, the, [363], [364], [367], [370], [382], [387]
India, [82], [128]
Indians of Honduras, the, [124]
—— of Nicaragua, the, [124]
—— of North California, the, [122], [126]
Indigestion, x;
dangers of, xv;
caused by anger and worry, [7];
“bunching hits” to oppose, [13]-16
Indol, the odourous, [47]
Industries, the, mastication in, [124]
Infant life, action of saliva in, [36]
Innervation mechanism, an, constituent parts of, [184]
Insalivation, defined, [8], [22];
increases gastronomic enjoyment, [22], [46], [48];
its striking effect upon appetite, [50], [60];
effects of, [74], [89], [92], [93], [96];
mastication promotes, [101]
Insane, the, forced feeding of, [268]
Instinct, human, the outcome of every-day experience, [251];
physiology merely confirms the precepts of, [251];
provisions for digestion made by, [267];
demands of, [272]
Intemperance, [95]
International Congress of Physiologists, the, [26], [48], [56], [68], [91]
—— Laboratory of Research, the, proposal to found, [55]-69;
suggestions as to staff and personnel, [62];
estimate of initial outlay, [63];
suggestions as to location, [63];
suggestions as to management, [66]
Intestinal anæmia, [345]
—— canal, the, [39], [346]
—— contents, the, rhythmic segmentation of, [347]-355, [386]
—— digestive juices, the, [361]
—— mechanism, the, [385]
—— movements, difficulties of investigating, [342];
the best known of, [343]
—— secretion, [61]
—— wall, the, [344], [381], [386]
Intestine, the large, activity of, [343];
movements of, [364]-377, [379], [386], [387], [388]
——, the small, [343], [346];
the movements of, [347]-362, [366];
course of food in, [360]-362, [365], [367], [369], [378], [381], [383], [385], [386], [387], [388]
——, the, action of the bacteria in, [39];
micro-organic action in, [40], [80], [92];
much more sensitive than the stomach, [139], [301], [317], [328], [337], [341];
studied by means of the Röntgen rays, [342]-388, [395]
J
Jaffa, Professor, [90];
and the fruitarians, [397]
Japan, [82]
Jaws, the, mastication stimulates the nutrition of, [96], [103], [155];
influence of mastication upon, [109], [148];
changes during man’s evolution in, [115]-121;
instances of vigorous use, [122]
Johns Hopkins University, [68]
“Journal of Physiology, The” (American), [284], [301], [342]
—— (English), [47]
K
Kais Root, [123]
Kane, Dr., [125]
Kara, [124]
Katabolic action, [41]
Katabolism, [95]
Kellogg, Dr. J. H., xxvii;
letter from, xxxiii-xxxv;
his estimate of amount of food habitually used, xxxiv;
tribute to, [391];
his experimental investigation of the influence of mastication and cooking of food, [391]-396
—— Mrs. J. H., [389];
tribute to, [391]
Kelp, [122]
Kotljar, experiment by, [217]
Kreuznach, [46]
Kronecker, Dr. Prof. Hugo, [67], [68], [284], [285];
theory of deglutition of, [286]
Kumagawa, experiments of, [81]
Kwas, [267], [269], [270]
L
Lactic acid, prepared in the stomach, [269], [393], [394]
“Lancet, The,” [8], [26], [31];
Dr. Campbell’s articles from, [92]-179, [145]
Lard, [272]
Laws of Nature, health, strength, and moral tone dependent upon proper fulfilment of, [73]
Leonardi, Dr. Professor, [26]
Life, right conduct of, xiii;
the essentials and sequence in, [399]
Lippincott, J. B. & Company, [180], [181]
Liqueurs, [266]
Liquids, how to treat, [9], [34], [93], [94], [95]
Lobassoff, Dr., experiments by, [217], [218], [220], [222], [226]
Lobster, [137], [141]
London, [65]
Lower Californians, the, [123]
Ludwig, experiments of, [342]
Lumen, the, [374]
Lymph, influence of the contraction of the masticatory muscles on local circulation of, [107], [148], [149], [355]
M
Macaroni, [132]
—— cheese, [100]
Mackerel, [141]
Madrid, [69]
Magendie, theory of deglutition of, [284]
Maize, chewed, [124]
Mal-assimilation, of nutriment, x, xxi;
“bunching bits” to oppose, [13]-16;
dangers of, [24], [35]
Malay, [128]
Mall, experiments of, [343], [345], [354], [378]
Mal-nutrition, causes of, xxi, [35]
“Malt extracts,” [102]
Maltose, starch turned into, [101], [170], [392], [393]
Man, the First Assistant of Nature, xi;
his disparity due to ignorance, xii;
absurdity of his ignorance, [4], [23];
experiments upon, [300];
by nature a frugivorous animal, [395]
Maple sugar, [84]
Marckwald, Max, paper “On Digestion of Milk in the Stomach of Full-grown Dogs,” [46]
Masticate, how to, [19]
Mastication, inefficient, causation of, [129];
must lead to many evils, [129];
evils resulting from, [135];
conduces to excessive eating, [135];
may cause suffocation, [137];
may produce gastritis, [138];
excess of starch may pass into stomach because of, [141];
prevents a sufficient amount of alkali to pass into the stomach, [146];
causes evils with the jaws and their appendages and the adjacent structures, [148];
responsible for adenoids, [148]-152;
a potent cause of Rigg’s disease, [159];
secondary evils of, [164], [394]
——, proper, increases gastronomic enjoyment, [22], [46], [48], [60];
effects of, [74], [89];
Dr. Campbell’s observations upon, [96]-173;
the effects of, [96];
primary object of, [96];
promotes flow of saliva, [96], [101];
stimulates the heart and circulation, [96], [103];
influences the nutrition of the jaws, [96], [103];
facilitates swallowing, [97];
brings the food into intimate contact with the digestive juices, [98];
increases amount of alkaline saliva passing into the stomach, [96], [102];
acts reflexly upon the stomach, [102];
the muscles of, [104];
its influence upon the jaw-bones, [109];
its influence upon the teeth, [110];
in the preparation of beverages, [123];
in the industries, [124];
the instinct of, [126];
the causation of inefficient, [129];
less opportunity than formerly for, [130]-133;
defective apparatus for, [133];
affected by individual differences, [134];
tends to diminish amount of food consumed, [136];
most effective way to secure starch digestion, [145];
effect upon the nasal passages, naso-pharynx, and faucial tonsils, [148];
fast becoming a lost art, [157];
means of insuring adequate, [164], [389];
experimental investigation of the influence of, [391]
Masticatory instinct, the, [126]-129
—— muscles, the, [104];
influence of their contraction on local circulation of blood and lymph, [107], [148]
Matri, [128]
Meadville, Penn., [396]
Measles, [149]
Meat, [78]
—— broth, [266];
an important chemical excitant of gastric secretion, [266], [267]
—— extract, [268]
—— juice, [268]
Mechanical stimulus, great importance assigned to, [257]
Medical practice, largely based upon empiricism, [52]
—— science, not possessed of final information concerning questions of nutrition, [52]
Medicine, ideal only when it can take its proper position, [249];
physiology can make no pretence to guide the field of, [251];
to what it will at length grow, [251];
treats too lightly the loss of appetite, [256]
Melanesia, [128]
Melanesians, the, [120]
Meltzer, Dr., [284];
experiments of, [294], [296], [297], [298]
Mendel, Dr. Lafayette B., [69]
Mendel Pass, bei Bozen, Süd Tirol, Austria, experiments at, [26]
Mental energy, [41]
—— state, [12];
its effect upon digestion and nutrition, [74]
Menticulture, physical and mental equipments necessary to promote, [7]
“Menticulture,” xxi, xxiv
Metabolism, [37];
determination of, [40];
calorimetric trial-balance measurement of, [54]
Micro-organisms, [40];
destroyed by acid gastric juices, [41]
Middletown, Conn., experiments at, [54]
Milk, how to drink, [9];
experiments in drinking, [36], [38]-39, [78], [84], [93], [94], [268];
takes a special position among foods, [272];
the three properties of, [273];
its relation to the secretion of the digestive juices, [274], [275], [276], [277]
—— pudding, [97], [143], [172]
“Modern Medicine,” [389], [391]
Modoc Indians, the, [123]
Moist foods, [97]
Moritz, experiments of, [324], [328], [332]
Mosso, Dr. Prof. Angelo, [67], [68], [284], [285]
Mouth, the, should do all it can, [93], [180];
examination of, [174]-179;
rinsing, [179];
mechanical and chemical stimulation of the cavity of, [201], [285], [286]
—— breathing, evils of, [151]-153
—— discrimination, [94]
—— thoroughness, [8]
—— treatment, of food, [5], [12], [92];
a preliminary necessity of easy digestion, [180], [389]
Mucosa, the, [343], [355]
Mucous membrane, the, [346]
Munich, [56], [76], [81]
Muster, [128]
Mutton, [100]
N
Nansen, J. F., [123]
[36]
Napoleon, died from fast eating, [138]
Nasal passages, the, effect of mastication upon, [148]
Naso-pharyngitis, [144], [148], [149]
Naso-pharynx, the, influence of mastication upon, [148]
National Academy of Sciences, the, contribute to fund for research, [69]
Natural Automatic Processes, [3], [180]
Nature, plan of evolution of, xi;
Man the First Assistant of, xi;
her reward for conformity with her requirements, xii;
her generous assumption of forty-seven forty-eighths of labour, [5], [12];
given an opportunity by economic nutrition, [22];
her plans perfect if her laws are obeyed, [29];
never intended a special diet or bottle of medicine, [30];
endeavours to prepare lactic acid in the stomach, [269]
Negritos, the, [118]
Negroes, the African, [120]
Nerve cells, the, specific qualities of, [187]
—— fibres, [184]
Nervous system, the, influence upon the glands of, [183]
Neutralisation, [92]
“New Glutton or Epicure,” the, xxviii, [47].
See also “Glutton or Epicure”
New Guinea, [124]
New Haven (Conn.), scientific experiments at, xiii, [54], [71].
See Yale investigation, the, and Yale test, the
Nitrogen, [85], [86]
Nitrogenous equilibrium, [86]
—— measurements, tests of, [26]
“No Breakfast Plan,” the, [396]
Nothnagel, experiments of, [343], [345]
Northwest London Hospital, the, [8], [92]
Nutarians, [90]
Nutrient enemata, [367], [379], [380], [382], [388]
—— fluid, [381]
Nutriment, selection of, [7]
Nutrition, economic, experiments upon problem of, ix, x, [48]-52;
active interest now taken in, x;
the financial saving the least of the profits in, xi;
the key to England’s welfare, xxv;
attitude of the scientific mind towards, xxvii;
little accurate knowledge concerning, xxx;
psychology of, [6]-7;
appetite the most important factor in, [6];
mechanical and chemical physiology of, [8];
its entire principle simple and practical, [19];
does not advise avoiding starchy foods for stout people, [21];
assures that the same food will add or decrease weight, [21];
keeps one in perfect condition, [22];
its requirements not hardships but pleasures, [22];
not a joke or fad, [24];
an appeal to self-examination and self-instruction, [25];
first scientific recognition of principles of, [26];
medical science not possessed of final information concerning questions of, [52];
plan for institution of an international inquiry into the subject of, [53]-55;
proposed to found an international laboratory of research for the study of, [55]-68;
no question of greater importance, [72];
poverty and vice traced to perversion of, [73];
great need of thorough physiological study of, [74];
effect of the mental state upon, [74]
Nutrition, animal, [56], [57], [58]
Nutritive equilibrium, [37];
experiments in, [37]-39
Nuts, [141], [173];
usefulness of, [397]
Nuttall, Dr. George H. F., [26], [39], [47]
O
Œsophagus, the, may protect the stomach, [139], [192], [285], [286], [289], [291], [292], [297], [299], [300], [303], [304], [307], [316], [325], [326], [336], [341]
Openchowski, experiments of, [305], [325]
Orang, the, [115]
Oranges, [169]
O’Reilly, Surgeon-General, xvii, [69], [70]
Ozawa, Professor, [55]
P
Pabulum, the, derivation of, [40], [41]
Pacific Islands, the, [124]
Padua, Italy, [28]
Palate, the, “the dietetic conscience,” [75]
Pancreas, the, excited by the vagus and the sympathetic nerves, [183],
270;
special relations of acids to, [270], [271], [273], [274], [279]
Pancreatic digestion, [395]
—— gland, the, [269], [270], [271], [280]
—— juice, the, experiments for, [267], [270], [273], [279], [360], [395]
Paris, [56], [65]
Pastry, [132], [172]
Patagonians, the, [128]
Pathology, [249]
Pavia, University of, [26]
Pawlow, Dr. Prof. J. P., [6], [7], [12];
researches of, [61], [67], [68];
his demonstrations of psychic influence in digestion, [180]-283
Peas, [132]
Pendelbewegung, the, [342]
Pendulum movement, the, [358]-360
Penegal, xxxiii
Peptic digestion, [318], [335]
Peristalsis, [327], [330], [333], [337], [340], [343], [344], [346], [348], [355]-357, [361], [365], [377], [378], [383], [384], [386], [388]
Peristaltic wave, the, [343], [353], [365]
Pflüger’s Archives, [182]
Pharynx, the, [285], [286], [290], [298]
Philippines, the, [69]
Physicians, most of them called on to restore appetite, [254];
their indifference to appetite, [257];
in Russia, [260];
should bear in mind the question of psychic secretion, [261]
Physiology, applied, [251]
Pine-apple, [141]
Pitcherie, chewing, [129]
Polynesia, [128]
Poorer classes, the, appetite stronger among, [253];
food of, [266], [267]
“Popular Science Monthly, The,” xxxiii, [53];
Professor Chittenden’s article in, [69]-91
Pork, [100], [141]
Porridge, [97], [143], [172], [270]
Potato, made digestible by saliva, [20];
if masticated, need not produce fat, [21];
experiments with, [38], [102];
yields abundant sugar by long-continued mastication, [142], [146]
Potatoes, boiled, [143], [172]
Poverty, traced to perversion of nutrition, [73]
Proteid, demanded by the appetite, xxxii;
the putrid decomposition of, [47];
minimum amount of, [74], [78], [79];
Asiatics consume smaller proportion of, [82], [83], [85], [98], [100], [272], [394]
——, the high, xxxii, xxxiii
——, the low, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii
—— digestion, perfect, [394], [395]
—— molecule, the, isolation of the tryptophane element of, [47]
Physiology, experimental, [249];
can make no pretence to guide the field of medicine, [251];
merely confirms the precepts of instinct, [251]
Psychic environment, [12]
—— excitation, [259]
—— influence, in digestion, [180]-283
—— juice, the, [213], [257], [267]
—— secretion, [261]
—— stimulation, [249]
Pultaceous foods, [95], [97]
Pyloric sphincter, the, movements of, [314]
Pylorus, the, stands guard over the intestines, [139], [141];
observations of Fallopius upon, [302];
ideas of early writers concerning, [303];
later experiments, [304], [307], [308], [315], [316], [317], [325], [326], [328], [330], [331], [332], [333], [340], [341], [360]
R
Rabbit, the, experiments upon, [344], [359], [371]
Rage, effect of, [388]
Raiser, experiments of, [359], [371]
Rectal injections, stimulating effect on movements of small intestine of, [367]
Rectum, the, [374], [379], [382]
Reed, Dr. Major Walter (martyr to science), [70]
Regina Margherita Laboratory, the, summit Monte Rosa, [64], [68]
Regurgitation, [35]
Rhinitis, [144], [148], [149]
Rhythmic segmentation, of the intestinal contents, [347]-355, [358], [360], [362], [383], [386]
Rice, [82], [132]
Rickets, [144]
Rigg’s disease, [159], [163]
Rjasanzew, Professor, experiments of, [275]
Roberts, Sir William, [75], [147]
Rockefeller, John D., xxxv
—— Institute of Preventive Medicine, the, [68]
Rollbewegung, [345]
Röntgen rays, the, Dr. Cannon’s studies with, [180], [284], [287]-300, [301]-341, [342]-388
Roosevelt, President Theodore, [70]
Root, Secretary of War, Elihu, [70]
Rosa, Monte, [64], [68]
Rossbach, experiments of, [305], [309], [311], [313], [314]
Roux, experiments of, [314], [315], [327], [328]
Royal Society, the, [68]
Rumination, [35], [98]
Russell, Dr. William, [145]
Russia, physicians in, [260];
food in, [267], [272]
Russian Imperial Military School of Medicine, the, [68]
—— peasant, the, [270]
S
Sabbatani, experiments of, [378]
St. Martin, Alexis, investigations on, [305], [309]
Saliva, its chemical effect upon potato, [20];
upon syrup, [21], [33], [34], [35];
its action in infant life, [36];
an important therapeutic agent, [45], [93], [94], [95];
mastication promotes flow of, [96], [101];
dry food produces greater flow than moist, [97], [147];
complicated physiological functions of, [191]-192, [337], [392], [393], [395], [396]
Salivary digestion, in the stomach, [335], [341];
effect of mastication and cooking of food upon, [391];
imperfect, [394]
—— glands, the, [155];
analogy between the innervation mechanism and the glands of digestion, [188]-190;
the exciting agencies of the nervous mechanism of, [191];
their particular properties, [191]-194;
differences between the exciting agencies of the different, [194]-198;
Professor Pawlow’s sham-feeding experiment, [198]-211, [280]
—— secretion, excitants of, [191]
Sapidity, [44]
Sauces, [269]
Schäfer, [40], [82]
Schmidt, experiments of, [202], [204], [231];
conditions for success, [204]-206
Schütz, experiments of, [305], [308], [309], [310], [311], [313], [314], [327], [332]
Schwartz, experiments of, [303], [304]
Scientific Assessors, Board of, [67], [68], [181]
Secretions, digestive, [180]
Secretory fibres, [183]
—— nerves, [266]
Segmentation, [386], [388]
Selection, of nutriment, [7]
Self-nutrition, secret of, xii
Sensory nerves, [187]
Sham feeding, experiments in, [198]-211, [214]-246;
psychic effect may become an absolute and independent factor in, [209], [279]
Sheffield Scientific School, the, experiments at, [53], [68]
Sight, the sense of, [210]
Sivén, experiments of, [81]
Skatol, the odourous, [47]
Sleep, exercises no restraining influence upon the gastric glands, [206];
effect of, [383]-386
Smell, the sense of, [210]
Snyder, Dr., experiment in nutritive equilibrium, [37]-38
Société de Biologie, the, [46]
Sodium, salts of, [277];
promote a flow of gastric juice, [277], [278], [279], [281], [282]
Soft foods, [97], [129], [136], [142], [160], [162]
Solid foods, [94], [268]
Solray Sociological Institute, the, [68]
Sorbonne, Universitie de la, [68]
Soups, [266], [267]
South Africa, [11]
—— America, [124]
“Spectator,” the, [28]
Sphincter, the, [315], [316], [317], [331], [333], [341]
Spinach, [99]
Spirits, [93], [94]
Ssanozki, Professor, experiments of, [203], [228]
Starch, needed by body, [20], [21], [78], [98];
changed into maltose, [101], [102];
danger to the stomach in receiving an excess of, [141]-146;
the last constituent to leave the stomach, [145], [170], [171], [172], [270], [337], [393], [395], [396];
Starling, experiments of, [343], [344], [345], [346], [359]
Stews, [266]
Stomach, the, struggles bravely to overcome abuse, [19];
man’s ignorance concerning requirements of, [23];
mastication acts reflexly upon, [102];
a long-suffering organ, [138];
its danger of receiving an excess of starch, [141];
starch the last constituent to leave, [145];
necessity of alkali in, [146];
secretory work of, [182], [183], [229];
secretory nerves of, [210], [227];
the seat of certain definite sensations, [241];
the initial impulse towards awakening an appetite may originate in, [244], [246];
no material progress in the physiology of, [250];
Nature endeavours to prepare lactic acid in, [269];
acids supplement weak action in, [270], [279];
catarrhal affections of, [280];
gives no obvious external sign of its workings, [301];
studied by means of the Röntgen rays, [301]-341;
Galen’s observations on the functions of, [302];
Fallopius’s views upon, [302];
the motor functions of, [304];
the anatomy of, [306];
its relations to the shadow, [306];
the musculature of, [308];
normal movements of, [309];
the peptonising function of, [314];
its appearance at various stages of digestion, [319];
composed of two physiologically distinct portions, [324], [340];
its movements in vomiting, [325];
effect of its movements upon the food, [328];
attempts to perform function of teeth, [333];
salivary digestion in, [335];
inhibition of its movements during emotion, [337]
—— fluids, [393], [394]
Suffocation, caused by inefficient mastication, [137]
Sugar, [21], [78], [89], [95], [169], [337], [393], [395]
Sugar-cane, [123], [124], [169]
“Sure and Certain Method of Attaining a Long and Healthful Life,” Luigi Cornaro’s treatise upon, [28]
Swallowing, facilitated by mastication, [97];
mechanism of, [284].
See also Swallowing Impulse, the
—— Impulse, the, xxxii, [8], [9], [93], [94]
—— reflex, Dr. Van Someren’s, [26], [44]
Sweet potato, [124]
Sweets, why pleasant, [268], [269]
Sympathetic nerve, the, an undoubted exciter of the gastric glands and of the pancreas, [183]
Syrup, chemical effect of saliva upon, [21]
T
Tapioca, [132]
Taplin, [125]
Tasmanians, the, [122]
Taste, delicacy of the sense of, [22], [23];
should be dissipated in the mouth, [93], [210];
necessary to give an impulse to the organs of, [253];
the nutritive value of food should be considered rather than, [261]
—— gratification, [93]
Tea, [132]
Tea-taster, the professional, methods of, [23], [93]
Teeth, the, influence of mastication upon, [110];
changes during man’s evolution, [115]-121;
instances of vigorous use, [122]-126;
irregularity in, [156];
evils of imperfect use of, [157];
examination of, [174]-179;
the stomach attempts to perform function of, [333]
“Text-Book of Physiology,” Schäfer’s, [40]
“That Last Waif: or Social Quarantine,” xxv
Therapeutic experiments, pathological, [249]
Therapeutics, precepts of, [272]
Thierfelder, [39]
Thirst, [95]
Thompson, Dr., [142]
—— Prof. W. H., [180], [181]
Thorax, the, [290]
Tobacco-chewing, [103], [129]
Tokio, University of, [55]
Tongue, the, needs exercise, [154]
Tonic constrictions, the, [344];
the appearance of, [370]-373, [385], [387]
—— rings, the, [373]
Tonsillitis, [144], [148]
Tooth-brush, the, [177]
Tooth-powder, [178]
Toxins, absorbed into the blood, [40], [41], [44], [143]
Training, for athletes, why necessary, [22]
“Traité Analytique de la Digestion,” Blondlot’s, [181]
Treves, Sir Frederick, on bolting of food, [140], [141]
Trinity College, Dublin, [180]
Trophic fibres, [183]
Tryptophane, [47]
Tuberculosis, [144]
Turin, Italy, Congress of Physiologists at, [26], [48], [56], [91]
——, University of, [68], [284]
U
Urine, should be inoffensive, [42], [93], [274]
V
Vagus nerve, the, an undoubted exciter of the gastric glands and of the pancreas, [183];
its functions almost interminable, [183], [249]
Van Someren, Dr. Ernest, xxv, [7], [12];
his paper “Was Luigi Cornaro Right?” [26]-46;
his swallowing reflex, [26], [44];
his experiments confirmed by Marckwald, [46];
Sir Michael Foster’s Note upon his paper, [48]-52;
the Cambridge tests, [49]-52, [53], [60], [91], [92], [98]
Van Valzah, [146]
Veal, [100]
Veddahs, the, [128]
Vegetable food, experiments with, [40];
necessitates more thorough mastication than animal, [97], [98], [173];
influenced more by cooking than animal, [118], [132], [170]
Vegetables, [43], [78]
Venice, Italy, [30], [63], [64], [91]
Vermicelli, [132]
Vermicular contraction, [343]
—— wave, the, [345]
Vermiform appendix, the, [140]
Vice, traced to perversion of nutrition, [73]
Vienna, [65]
—— bread, [131]
Vinegar, [269]
Vivisection, [303], [305]
Voice, the, requires lusty exercise in youth, [149]
Voit diet, the, [76], [81], [84], [86]
Vomiting, the act of, [193], [303];
movements of the stomach in, [325], [341]
W
Wallace, Dr. G. Sim, [110], [113], [130], [154], [158], [161], [169], [174], [177]
Walther, Dr., experiments of, [267], [276]
Washington, D. C., [70]
Water, how to drink, [9], [34], [95], [268], [391], [392]
—— biscuit, [391]
Weight, must become normal, [43]
Welch, Dr. Prof. William H., [67], [68]
Wepfer, experiments of, [303], [304]
Wheat, unground pearl, [392], [393], [394]
—— flour, [392]
Wine, how to take, [9], [22], [23]
Wine-tasters, the professional, methods of, [23], [93]
Wolves, experiments upon, [303]
Wood, Maj. Gen. Leonard, [69], [70]
Worry, causes indigestion, [7]
Wulfson, Dr., [197]
X
X-ray. See Röntgen ray
Y
Yale investigation, the, x, xi, xiii-xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xxxiii
—— Gymnasium, the, [87]
—— test, the, [5], [69], [75]-91
—— University, [68]
Z
Z, in the nutrition alphabet, [10], [12];
Zuntz, Dr. Prof. N., [67], [68]