FOOTNOTES
[1] See page 200.
[2] See pages 184, 194.
[3] Vopiscus, Saturninus, 10.
[4] The number and arrangement of these divisions varied somewhat during the fourth century. See the map, between pages 222-223, for the system as it existed about 395 A.D.
[5] See page 186.
[6] See page 88.
[7] See the map, page 340.
[8] Until the capture of the city by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 A.D.
[9] See pages 200, 219.
[10] See page 77.
[11] See page 196.
[12] See page 201.
[13] See the map, page 107.
[14] Isocrates, Panegyricus, 29.
[15] See page 54.
[16] Soli Invicto Mithrae. An interesting survival of Mithra worship is the date of our festival of Christmas. The 25th of December was the day of the great annual celebration in memory of the Persian deity. In 274 A.D. the emperor Aurelian raised a gorgeous temple to the sun god in the Campus Martius, dedicating it on the 25th of December, "the birthday of the Unconquerable Sun." After the triumph of Christianity the day was still honored, but henceforth as the anniversary of the birth of Christ.
[17] The exact date of the crucifixion is unknown. It took place during the reign of Tiberius, when Pontius Pilatus was procurator of Judea.
[18] Tertullian, Apology, 37.
[19] See page 199, note 1.
[20] The meeting was called ecclesia from the Greek word for "popular assembly." Hence comes our word "ecclesiastical."
[21] Whence the word "priest."
[22] The word "bishop" comes from the Greek episkopos and means, literally, an "overseer."
[23] It is highly doubtful, however, whether this legislation had any reference to Christianity. More probably, Constantine was only adding the day of the Sun, the worship of which was then firmly established in the empire (see page 229, note 1) to the other holy days of the Roman calendar.
[24] See page 146.
[25] See page 253.
[26] See page 267.
[27] See page 270.