STUDIES
1. Look up on the map between pages 358-359 the following places where Gothic cathedrals are found: Canterbury, York, Salisbury, Reims, Amiens, Chartres, Cologne, Strassburg, Burgos, Toledo, and Milan.
2. Look up on the map facing page 654 the location of the following medieval universities: Oxford, Montpellier, Paris, Orléans, Cologne, Leipzig, Prague, Naples, and Salamanca.
3. Explain the following terms: scholasticism; canon law; alchemy; troubadours; Provençal language; transept; choir; flying buttress; werewolf; and mumming.
4. Who were St. Thomas Aquinas, Abelard, Gratian, Irnerius, and Roger Bacon?
5. Show how Latin served as an international language in the Middle Ages. Name two artificial languages which have been invented as a substitute for Latin.
6. What is meant by saying that "French is a mere patois of Latin"?
7. In what parts of the world is English now the prevailing speech?
8. Why has Siegfried, the hero of the Nibelungenlied, been called the "Achilles of Teutonic legend"?
9. What productions of medieval literature reflect aristocratic and democratic ideals, respectively?
10. Distinguish between the Romanesque and Gothic styles of architecture. What is the origin of each term?
11. Compare the ground plans of a Greek temple (page 291), a Roman basilica (page 284), and a Gothic cathedral (page 562).
12. Contrast a Gothic cathedral with a Greek temple, particularly in regard to size, height, support of the roof, windows, and decorative features.
13. Why is there some excuse for describing a Gothic building as "a wall of glass with a roof of stone"?
14. Do you see any resemblance in structural features between a Gothic cathedral and a modern "sky-scraper"?
15. Mention some likenesses between medieval and modern universities.
16. Mention some important subjects of instruction in modern universities which were not treated in those of the Middle Ages.
17. Why has scholasticism been called "a sort of Aristotelian Christianity"?
18. Look up the original meaning of the words "jovial," "saturnine," "mercurial," "disastrous," "contemplate," and "consider."
19. Show the indebtedness of chemistry to alchemy and of astronomy to astrology.
20. Mention some common folk tales which illustrate medieval superstitions.
21. Why was Friday regarded as a specially unlucky day?
22. Enumerate the most important contributions to civilization made during the Middle Ages.