GENERAL INDEX

Ablutions, at weddings and at funerals, [555]
Aborigines, regarded as wizards, [248];
their relations with invaders, [244]
Absolution, and dissolution, [401];
of the dead, [396] ff.
Achaeans, religion of, [521] f.
Adonis, story of, [582];
story of, how interpreted, [580];
as type of the initiated, [582]
Aeschylus, popular beliefs utilised by, [437] ff., [459] f.;
religious sympathies of, [523]
Aetolus, story of, [273]
Agamemnon, as revenant, [438]
Alastor, application of word, [465] ff.;
as proper name (in Homer), [473];
as term of abuse, [477];
derivation of word, [471];
development of meaning of word, [475] f.;
meaning of, [476];
original meaning of, [472]
Alastores, [462] ff.;
not originally deities, [467] ff.
Allatius, on vrykolakes, [364] ff.
Amorgos, oracle of, [332]
Amulets, [12–13], [21], [140]
Amymone, story of, [593]
Ancient language, attempted revival of, [30]
Angels, exorcism of, [68];
good and bad, [288];
worship of, [42]
Animals, unlucky species of, [307]
Anointing, of the dead, [557]
Anthropomorphic conception of God, [52]
Antigone, as ‘bride of Acheron,’ [551]
Antiphon, on blood-guilt, [443]
Aphrodite, [117–120];
‘eldest of the Fates,’ [120];
mystic rites of, [580]
Apis, story of, [459]
Apollonius of Tyana, [257]
Apostasy, [409]
Apple, symbolic usage of, [558]
‘Arabs’ (a class of demons), [211], [276] f.;
identified with vrykolakes (q.v.), [277]
Ariadne, story of, how represented on sepulchral monuments, [598]
Aristomenes, [76]
Arrogance of Greeks, [29]
Art, in relation to religion, [1]
Artemidorus, on death and marriage, [553] ff.
Artemis, [163–171];
as huntress, [165];
as the Moon, [165];
bathing of, [164–5];
displaced by S. Artemidos, [44];
modern character of, [169];
offerings to, [170]
Asclepius, in serpent-form, [274] f.;
re-incarnation of, in mock-mysteries, [589]
Ass-centaurs, [235] and [237] f.
Athene, and the owl, [207];
succeeded by Virgin Mary, [45]
Athenians, religious sympathies of, [523]
Attis, [586]
Augury (see [Auspices])
August, certain days sacred to Nymphs, [152]
Auspices, [308] ff.;
affected by number, [313];
from any movement of birds, [311];
from cry of birds, [311];
from flight of birds, [311];
from posture of birds, [311];
modified by position of observer, [312]
Avengers, dead persons as, [438]
Avengers of Blood, ancient names for, [462] ff.;
their resemblance to modern vrykolakes, [458]
Axe, double-headed, as religious symbol, [72]
‘Baboutzicarios,’ [217]
Bacchic rites, [38]
Baptism, exorcisms at, [15];
neglect of, [409]
Beast-dances, [224] ff.
Bed-chambers, in temples, [587]
Beehive tombs, original use of, [94]
Bells, worn at popular festivals, [224] ff.
‘Binding’ and ‘loosing,’ [397]
Binding-spells, [19];
means of loosing, [19]
Birds, as messengers, in modern ballads, [316] f.;
as messengers of particular gods, [309];
colloquial application of word, [315];
in popular ballads, [315];
still acknowledged as messengers of heaven, [315];
which classes observed for auspices (q.v.), [308] f.;
why selected for divination, [308]
Black-handled knife, as charm, [286]
Blessing the waters, [197]
Blood-guilt, ancient conception of, [451];
Attic law concerning, [443];
penalties for, [453];
Plato’s legislation concerning, [444]
Blue beads, as amulets, [12]
Body and soul, relation of, [361] ff., [526] ff.;
re-union of, [538]
Bones of the dead, how treated after exhumation, [540] f.
Boreas, [52]
Breast-bone of fowl, divination from, [327]
Bridal customs (see [Wedding], [Marriage])
‘Bridge of Arta,’ The, [262] f.
Brumalia (in Greece), [221]
Burial (see also [Cremation], [Inhumation]);
demanded by ghosts, [431];
lack of, [407] f., [427], [449];
lack of, as punishment, [457]
Buzzing in ear, as omen, [329]
Callicantzari, [190–255];
afraid of fire, [202];
beast-like elements in, [203];
compared with Centaurs, [253];
demons or men?, [207–211];
description of, [191];
description of smaller species of, [193];
development of superstition concerning, [254];
dialectic forms of name, [211] ff.;
footgear of, [221]; general habits of, [194];
how outwitted, [196–200];
identified with Centaurs, [235];
identified with were-wolves, [208];
offerings to, [201], [232];
originally anthropomorphic, [206];
origin of name, [211] ff.;
power of transformation possessed by, [204], [240];
precautions against, [200–202];
resembling Satyrs and Centaurs, [192];
sources of their features and attributes, [237] ff.;
stories concerning, [196–200];
their activity limited to Christmastide, [221];
their relation to Satyrs, etc., [229] ff.;
two main classes of, [191];
variously represented, [190];
whether demons or men originally, [209] ff.;
wives of, [200]
Callicantzaros, The Great, [195]
Callirrhoë, as sacred spring, [555]
Candles, thrown into grave at funeral, [512]
‘Captain Thirteen,’ a folk-story, [75]
Carnival, celebrations of, [224] ff.
Cat, jumping over dead person, [410];
omens drawn from, [328]
Caves, haunted by Nymphs, [160]
Cenotaphs, [490]
Centauros, son of Ixion, [242]
Centaurs (see [Callicantzari]), [190–255];
and Lapithae, [242];
as wizards, [248] f.;
compared with Callicantzari, [253];
general character of, [246];
Heracles’ fight with, [253];
how represented in Art, [247];
in Hesiod, [242];
in Homer, [243];
in Pindar, [241];
popular conception of, how affected by Art, [252];
Prof. Ridgeway’s view of, [244] ff.;
various species of, [235], [237];
whether human or divine in origin, [241] ff.;
why called ‘Beasts,’ [245] ff.
Cephalus, [601]
Cerberus, [97], [99]
Character of modern Greeks, [28] ff.
Charms, [286]
Charon, [98–117];
addressed as ‘Saint,’ [53];
ancient literary presentation of, [106];
as ferryman, earliest mention of, [114];
brother to Uranos, [116];
identified with Death, [114]
Charon’s obol, [108], [285];
as charm to prevent soul from re-entering body, [434];
custom of, how interpreted, [405] f.
Charos, appearance of, [100];
as agent of God, [101–4];
as archer, [105];
as ferryman, [107];
as godfather, story of, [102];
as horseman, [105];
as pirate, [107–8];
as warrior, [105];
as wrestler, [104], [105];
Christianised character of, [101];
coin as fee for, [109];
functions of, [101];
household of, [99];
in connexion with Christianity, [101];
originally Pelasgian deity, [116];
pagan character of, [105]
Charun, Etruscan god, [116]
Child-birth, precautions against Nereids observed at, [140];
precautions at, [10–11]
Children, conceived or born on Church-festivals, how afflicted, [408];
liable to lycanthropy, [208];
preyed upon by Gelloudes, [177];
preyed upon by Striges, [181];
stricken by Nereids, how treated, [145];
suspected of lycanthropy, how treated, [210]
Chiron, [241] ff., [248];
as magician and prophet, [248] f.
Cholera, personified, [22]
Christ, accepted as new deity by pagans, [41]
‘Christian,’ popular usage of word, [66]
Christianity, became polytheistic, [42];
and paganism, [36]
Church, influenced by paganism, [572] f.
Churching of women, [20]
Clement of Alexandria, on the Mysteries, [570], [572];
on rites of Aphrodite, [581]
Clytemnestra, ghost of, [474]
Cock, as victim, [326]
Cocks, superstitions concerning, [195]
Coin, as charm, [111];
placed in mouth of dead persons, [108], [405];
placed in mouth of dead persons, various substitutes for, [112]
‘Comforting,’ feast of, [533]
Common origin of gods and men, [65]
Communion with gods, philosophers’ views of, [296]
Conquering and conquered races, relations of, [244]
Conservatism, religious, [95], [295], [337]
‘Constantine and Areté’ (ballad), [391] f.
Continuity of Greek life and thought, [552]
Convention, literary, [429]
Corpse, re-animation of, [112] (see [Re-animation], [Resuscitation])
Corycian cave, [161]
Courage of Greeks, [28]
Cremation (see also [Funeral-rites]), [485] ff.;
ceremonial, [496], [512];
ceremonial substitute for, [491];
Christian attitude towards, [501];
combined with inhumation, [494];
disuse of, [501] f.;
for disposing of revenants in Ancient Greece, [416];
for disposing of vrykolakes, [411];
in theory preferable to inhumation, [488] f.;
in recent times, [503];
introduced by Achaeans, [491];
motives for, [502] f.;
preferred to inhumation, [500] f.;
revival of, [502];
serving same religious end as inhumation, [491] ff.
Crockery broken at funerals, [520]
Crow, [309];
exception to ordinary rules of divination, [310]
Curses, [387] ff., [409];
diagnosed by their effects, [396];
executed by demonic agents, [448];
fixity of, [417];
in Euripides, [418];
in Sophocles, [419];
operation of, [447];
parental, [391] ff.;
revoking of, [388] f.
Custom-dues, for passage of soul to other world, [285]
Customs-officers, celestial, [284]
Cybele, rites of, [586]
Daemons, Plutarch’s theory of, [583] f.
Danaids, as types of unmarried women, [592]
Dances, [34]
Dead, messages to the, [345];
worship of the, [529] note 1
Dead persons, as messengers to the other world, [344] ff.;
what kinds of food presented to, [533] f.
Deadly sins, [425] ff.
Death, as penalty for bloodguilt, [455];
conceived as a form of marriage, by Sophocles, [549] ff.;
conceived as a form of marriage, in modern dirges, [546] ff.;
conceived as a wedding with Persephone, [595];
how personified in the Alcestis, [115];
in correlation with marriage, [553];
represented as a wedding on sepulchral monuments, [597] f.;
sudden or violent, [408], [427]
Death-struggle, [288], [289];
how eased, [389]
Decomposition (see [Dissolution])
Degeneracy of mankind, [294]
Deities, gregarious or solitary, [70];
non-Christian, how denoted, [67];
pagan, local names for, [69]
‘Delivering unto Satan,’ [406]
Demeter (see also [Mysteries of Demeter]), [79–98];
and Poseidon, modern story of, [86];
as corn-goddess, [562];
character of, [92];
Cretan legend of, [579];
displaced by S. Demetrius, [44];
dwelling-place of, [92];
evidence for identity of, [92];
her priestesses officiating at weddings, [590];
horse-headed, [87], [252];
in Homer, [522];
in modern story, [54];
modern functions of, [93];
modern titles of, [89];
modern worship of her statue, [80];
mysteries of (see [Mysteries]);
represented by S. Demetrius, [79];
stories of her union with men, [579] f.;
story of, compared with story of Christ, [576];
where originally domiciled, [93–96]
Demeter and Persephone, modern legend of, [80];
symbolism of myth concerning, [88];
unity of, [88]
Demetrius Poliorcetes, story of, [587]
Demons, exorcism of, [68]
Despoina, [579];
marriage with, [596]
Deucalion, [93]
Devils, entering bodies of dead men, [416];
exorcism of, [68]
Devil, responsible for resuscitation of dead persons, [402]
‘Diana,’ [164]
Dionysus, and Prosymnus, story of, [585];
displaced by S. Dionysius, [43];
festivals of, [228–230];
identified with Adonis, [599];
identified with Hades, [585], [599];
in scenes on sepulchral monuments, [598] f.;
marriage of the ‘queen’ with, [583];
mystic rites of, [582]
Dioscuri, [286]
Dipylon-cemetery, excavations in, [494]
Dirges, [347];
character of modern, [549];
examples of modern, [546] ff.;
purpose of, [519], [549]
Diseases, caused by demons, [22]
Dishonesty of Greeks, [31]
Disintegration (see [Dissolution])
Dissolution, and absolution, [401];
best secured by cremation, [502];
desire for, a feature of Pelasgian religion, [524];
distinguished from annihilation, [525], [538];
summary of ancient views concerning, [526];
time required for, [486] ff.;
why desired, [515] ff.
Divination, at weddings, [326];
by chance words, [303] ff.;
by lot, [303];
by sacrifice, [264], [318];
‘domestic,’ [327];
from birds (see also [Auspices]), [308] ff.;
from breast-bone of fowl, [327];
from chance words, in antiquity, [305];
from demeanour of victim, [326];
from eggs, [331];
from involuntary movements of limbs, etc., [329];
from meetings on the road, [306];
from pig’s spleen, [325];
from sheep’s shoulder-blade, [321] ff.;
from sieves, [331];
from water, [332] f.;
methods of, compared, [298];
suggested divisions of, [298];
various branches of, [298]
Dog howling at night, significance of, [328]
Dogs, [32]
Donkey, ill-omened, [307]
Dragons, as guardians of buried treasure, [281];
in folk-story, [82];
popular conception of, [280];
story of, [281] f.
Drama, primitive, [224–6];
restrictions of, [429];
rudiments of, [35]
Dreams, [300] ff.;
deliberately induced, [303];
ecclesiastical use of, [301]
Dress, at weddings and at funerals, [557]
‘Drumlike’ (as description of dead bodies) (see [τυμπανιαῖος]), [370]
Drunkenness, when permissible, [303], [533]
Dryads, [151]
Eagle, [309]
Easter, [575] f.;
celebration of, [572] ff.
Ecstasy, in ancient religion, [37];
religious, [294] f., [576]
Eleusinian mysteries (see [Mysteries of Demeter])
Eleusis, excavations in cemetery at, [495]
Empusa, [174], [175]
Entrails, inspection of victim’s, [320], [325]
Ephialtes, [21] (note 2)
Epiphany, observance of, [197];
superstitions concerning, [221]
Equality of men and gods, [604]
Erinyes (see [Furies])
Eros, [118–120]
‘Eternal drunkenness,’ [39]
Ethical influence of Christianity, [39]
Eudaemonia, as goddess, [602]
Eumaeus, reception of Odysseus by, [32]
Euphemistic names for deities, [69], [70]
Euripides, popular form of imprecation utilised by, [418]
Evil Eye, amulets against, [13];
animals affected by, [11–12];
cures for maladies caused by, [14];
effects of, [10];
inanimate things affected by, [12];
in Greece, [9–15];
means of averting, [14];
persons affected by, [11];
to whom attributed, [9–10];
widespread belief in, [8]
Excommunication (see also [‘binding’ and ‘loosing’]), [401];
causing non-dissolution, instances of, [398] ff.;
effects of, [386], [396] ff.;
origin of, [406];
pagan influence on doctrine of, [401] f.
Execration (see [Curses], [Imprecations])
Exhumation, [540];
at end of three years, [487]
Exile, as punishment of homicide, [445], [455]
Exorcism, by witch, [14–15]
‘Fair Lady of the Mountains,’ [166]
Faith-cures, [60], [62]
Fallmerayer, [25]
Fasts, strictly observed, [574]
Fate, [289]
Fates, the, [120–130];
appearance of, [124];
at birth of Athena, [130];
character of, [125];
distribution of functions among, [127];
functions of, [124], [127];
inexorability of, [122];
invocations of, [122], [128];
number of, [124];
offerings to, [120], [121], [125];
prayer to, [123];
seen or heard, [125–6];
the lesser, [127–8];
visits of, [125];
wrath of, [126]
Festival-dress, as heirloom from mother to daughter, [537]
Festivals, popular, [34], [35];
survival of pagan, [221] ff.
Fire, kept burning at grave-side, [507] ff.;
omens drawn from, [328]
Fishing-net, as prophylactic, [21]
Five, ominous number, [307] (note 1)
Flood, modern traditions of the, [93]
Folklore, antiquity of, [8];
as clue to ancient religion, [7];
laws of, [8]
Folk-stories and ancient myths, relation of, [76]
Foreign cults naturalised in Greece, [580]
Forestry, superstitions relating to, [158]
Fortieth day after death, customs and beliefs concerning, [486] ff.
Foundation-stone, ceremonial of laying, [264]
Funeral-customs, [345] ff., [496] ff.;
assimilated to marriage-customs, [560];
compared with marriage-customs, [554] ff.;
in relation to the Mysteries, [593] f.
Funeral-feasts (see also [Memorial Feasts]), [532] f.
Funeral-meats, [533] f., [535] f.
Funeral-rites, Christian and pagan contrasted, [501];
Homeric, [492];
in Dipylon-period, [494];
Mycenaean, [493];
purpose of, [485] ff.;
why necessary for due dissolution of body, [490]
Funerals, Solon’s regulations concerning, [346] ff.
Funeral-usage, summary of conclusions concerning, [513] f.
Furies, as agents of Clytemnestra, [448];
as personified Curses, [448];
in Homer, [522];
origin of Aeschylus’ conception of, [460] f.
Furtwängler, on death conceived as wedding, [597]
Future life, Achaean conception of, [521] f.;
conceived in general as resembling life of gods, [525];
Homeric conception of, [516] ff.;
material character of, [524];
modern conceptions of, [518] f.;
Pindaric conception of, [518]
Garlands, at weddings and at funerals, [557] f.
Garlic, as prophylactic, [140]
‘Garlic in your eyes,’ [14]
Gello, [71];
by-names of, [179];
story of, [177]
Gelloudes, [176–9], [211];
activities of, [179];
cure for injuries inflicted by, [179]
Genii, [255–291];
confused with victims offered to them, [267], [271] ff., [276] f.;
definition of, [256];
how related to the place or object which they inhabit, [259];
in form of bulls, [261] f., [277];
in form of dragons, [262], [280];
in form of snakes, [258], [259], [272] f.;
in Homer, [269];
in human shape, [275];
mating with Lamiae, [276];
of air, [283] ff.;
of bridges, [262];
of buildings, [259–275];
of churches, [261];
of houses, [259];
of human beings, [287] ff.;
of mountains and caves, etc., [280] ff.;
of water, [275] ff.;
offerings to, [260], [274];
sacrifice to, [262] ff.;
sacrifice to, in Ancient Greece, [269] ff.
Gennadius, story of, [399]
Getae, human sacrifice among the, [350]
Ghosts, asking for burial of body, [431];
conventionally substituted for revenants in ancient literature, [429];
haunting neighbourhood of tombs, [430] f., [433];
in ancient literature, [427];
a modern Greek notions concerning, [428]
Giants, story of, [73]
Gifts to the dead, [493], [528] ff.;
how regarded by the Church, [531] f.;
in form of clothing, [536] f.;
in form of drink, [536];
in form of food, [533] ff.;
in modern Greece, [532];
in the classical-period, [530] f.;
in the Dipylon-period, [530];
in the Homeric Age, [529];
in the Mycenaean Age, [529];
motive for, [531], [537];
on what days presented, [530] f.;
until what date continued, [539] f.
Goat-skins, worn at certain popular festivals, [223] ff.
God, as controller of weather, in popular phrases, [51];
modern applications of word, [48]
‘God of Crete,’ [74]
Godhead, ancient view of, [65];
attainable by men, [604] f.
Gods, character of Greek, [526];
Greek conception of, [292] f.
Good Friday, [572] ff., [574] f.
Gorgons, [184–190];
and Scylla, [188];
appearance of, [184];
as deities of the sea, [188];
character of, [185];
compared with Sirens, [187];
depravity of, [185–6]
Gorgon, meaning of the word, [186]
Goshawk, [311]
Guardian-angels, [288]
Guardian-spirits, in ancient Greece, [290]
Hades, [97];
house of, how conceived by Homer, [517];
modern presentment of, [518], [549]
Hair, as source of strength, [76];
cf. [83]
Hare, unlucky to meet, [307]
Hawks, [309]
Headache, magical cure of, [22]
Healing, miraculous, [60], [302]
Hebrew religion, contrasted with Greek, [3]
Helena, [286]
Helios, displaced by S. Elias, [44]
Hemlock, [578]
Hera, as type of women, [591];
cults of, [591];
wedding of, [599]
Heracles, [469]
Hermes Agoraeus, oracle of, [305]
Hermes, as escorter of the dead, [544];
succeeded by S. Michael, [45]
Heroes, in form of serpents, [273]
Heron, [309]
Hesiodic Ages of mankind, [294]
Hesperides, [282]
Hiccough, as omen, [330]
Hippolytus, oath of, [418]
Holy Ghost, rarely named by peasants, [51]
Holy Week, [572] ff.
Homicide, Delphic tradition concerning, [444], [480];
Plato’s legislation concerning, [451]
Honey-cakes, as diet of genii, [274]
Honey, as food for the dead, [533];
chief offering to Nymphs, [150];
offered to the Fates, [121]
Hospitality of Greeks, [31]
Human sacrifice, [262] ff., [273], [276];
a modern conception of, [341] ff.;
as means of sending a wife to some god, [583];
long-continued in Ancient Greece, [343];
modern story of, [339], [436];
substitute for, [583]
Humour, popular sense of, [69]
Hylas, modern parallel to story of, [161]
Hymenaeus, legend of, [552]
Iasion, as type of the initiated, [579]
Icarus, [76]
Icons, [301]
Idolatry, popular inclination towards, [59]
Image, magical treatment of, [16]
Immorality of ancient deities, [39]
Immortal fruit, [281] f.;
waters, [281]
Immortality, doctrine of, [350] f.
Imprecations (see also [Curses]), [387] ff.
Incantation, against whirlwinds, [150]
Incorruptibility (see also [Vrykolakes]), [384];
ancient imprecations of, [417] ff.;
Apollo’s threat of, [421];
as punishment of blood-guilt, [456];
ecclesiastical view concerning, [396]
Inhumation (see also [Funeral-rites]), [485] ff.;
ceremonial substitutes for, [489] f.;
combined with cremation, [494];
serving same religious end as cremation, [491] ff.;
the Pelasgian rite, [491]
Initiated, future happiness of the, [563] f.;
hopes of the, [578] f.
Ino, parallel to story of, [138]
Insanity, popular view of, [299]
Inspiration, [299]
Interment (see [Inhumation])
Intoxication, when permitted, [303], [533]
Iphigenia, sacrifice of, [270]
Iron, as prophylactic, [140]
Islands of the Blest, [520]
Itching of hand or foot, as omen, [330]
Ixion, [242]
Kalándae (festival of the Kalends of January), [221]
Ker, [289] f.
Key laid on breast of corpse, [109], [112]
Knife, black-handled, as charm, [20], [172]
Kore (see also [Persephone]); as representative of the initiated, [578];
story of, how represented on sepulchral monuments, [597] f.
Laceration of checks, etc., at funerals, [346]
Lamentation, at funerals, [347]
‘Lame Demon,’ The, [195]
Lamia, ancient conception of, [175];
of the Sea, [171];
responsible for water-spouts, [172]
Lamiae, [174–6];
character of, [174];
mated with genii, [276]
Lamp, in Prytaneum, [513];
‘The Unsleeping,’ [508];
thrown into grave at funeral, [512];
why placed in graves, [505] f.
Language, as evidence of tradition, [35]
Law governing evolution of Greek folklore, [206]
Leaven, damaged by Evil Eye, [12]
Left hand, unlucky, [312]
Left to right, lucky direction, [312]
Lenormant, on death conceived as a wedding, [601]
Leprosy, penalty for eating pig’s flesh, [87];
why named by Aeschylus among penalties of blood-guilt, [453] f.
Lightning, as instrument of God’s vengeance, [73];
persons and objects struck by, [73]
Literature, in relation to religion, [2]
‘Loosing,’ [397];
equivalent to both ‘absolution’ and ‘dissolution,’ [401]
Love, as the bond of feeling between men and deities, [603];
in relation to the doctrine of the Mysteries, [606]
Love-charms, [18]
Lucian, on offerings to gods, [335]
Lycaean Zeus, [352]
Lycanthropy, [208], [239] f.;
in children, [380];
infants liable to, [183]
Lying-in-state, [497]
Madness, [299];
among penalties of blood-guilt, [454]
Magic, [15–25];
sympathetic, [16], [521]
Maniotes, the, [441]
Mankind, of same race as gods, [65], [604]
Marriage and death, correlation of, [533]
Marriage, arranged by Athenians between Athene and Demetrius Poliorcetes, [587] f.;
as ‘initiation,’ [590];
association of the Mysteries with, [590] f.;
binding-spells to prevent consummation of, [19];
mimetic, as culminating point of Mysteries, [589];
mimetic, enacted in many cults, [577–587];
of men with deities, [545] ff.;
of men with deities, as a religious doctrine, [560] f.;
of men with deities, as mystic doctrine (summary), [602] f.;
the Sacred (ἱερὸς γάμος), [591]
Marriage-customs, compared with funeral-customs, [554] ff.;
transferred to the funeral-rite, [560]
Masks worn at popular festivals, [222] ff.
Matrimonial prospects, divination concerning, [303]
Meat, excluded from funeral-repasts, [532]
Medea, [463], [468]
Medicine, popular, [21]
Megrim, cure of, [23]
Memorial-feasts, [486] ff.;
dates of, [534];
real purpose of, [534] f.;
significance of the dates of, [539]
Men elevated to rank of daemons, [211]
Messages to the dead, [344] ff.
Metamorphosis (see [Transformation])
Metempsychosis, Plato’s theory of, [604] f.
Miastor, application of word, [463] f.;
meaning of, [477] ff.;
original meaning of word, [465]
Miastores, [462] ff.
Midday, dangers of, [79]
Miracles, expected by common-folk, [59];
genuine, [60];
sham, [60]
Mirrors, superstition concerning, [10]
‘Mistress, The,’ [89];
marriage of, [97]
‘Mistress of the Earth and of the Sea,’ [54], [91], [579]
Monotheism, compared with polytheism, [40];
no popular tendency towards, [3]
Morality, little connected with ancient religion, [37]
Mormo, [175]
Mountain-nymphs, [148]
Mourners, conduct of, [347];
professional, [347]
Mouse, omens drawn from, [328]
Mouth, as exit of soul, [111]
Mummers, at Christmastime and at Carnival, [223] ff.;
representing Callicantzari, [227]
Mumming, a survival of Dionysiac festivals, [229] ff.
Murder of kinsman, [425];
legal punishment for, [457]
Murdered men as avengers (see [Avengers], [Revenants])
Murdered persons, avenging their own wrongs, [437] ff.;
bodily activity of, [438];
future lot of, [434] f.;
mutilation of, [435];
personal activity of, [440] ff.;
returning in bodily form, [438]
Murderers, future punishment of, [434] ff.;
penalties incurred by, [453] ff.
Mutilation of murdered persons, [435]
Mysteries, alleged impurity of, [569] f.;
allusions to, in Tragedy, [550];
associated with funerals, [594] f.;
associated with wedding-rites, [590] f.;
benefits secured by participation in, [38];
Christian attitude towards, [569];
containing no doctrine alien to popular religion, [567];
grades of initiation in, [566];
main doctrines of the, [569];
openly performed in Crete, [568];
of Aphrodite, [581] f.;
of Cybele, [586];
of Demeter, (see below [Mysteries of Demeter]);
of Dionysus, [582];
parodied by the false prophet Alexander, [588] f.;
Sabazian, [585];
summary of doctrines taught by, [589] f.;
summary of argument concerning, [602] f.;
their doctrines kept secret, [567];
their promises summarised by Theo Smyrnaeus, [566]
Mysteries of Demeter, Achaeans excluded from, [567] f.;
ancient references to, [563] f.;
Christian attitude towards, [578];
compared with modern celebration of Holy Week and Easter, [572] ff.;
dramatic nature of, [577];
their effect on spectators, [576];
held in great veneration, [562] f.;
how understood by participants, [578] f.;
Pelasgian in origin, [567];
safeguards of morality in, [577] f.;
specific charge of impurity against, [577];
test of linguistic purity imposed at Eleusis, [568];
their kinship with Christian beliefs, [576];
their promises based on ideas of popular religion, [565];
their promises summarised, [565]
Naiads, [159]
‘Nailing,’ magical rite, [17]
Nationality, [27]
Nereids (see also [Nymphs], [Sea-nymphs], [Mountain-nymphs], [Tree-nymphs], and [Water-nymphs]), [130] ff.;
animals susceptible to influence of, [135];
appearances of, [131];
bride-like appearance of, [133];
by-names of, [132];
called ‘she-devils,’ [149];
children carried off by, [150];
confusion of different species, [153];
consorts of, [149];
cruelty of, [139];
cures for mischief done by, [145];
depart at cock-crow, [137];
description of, [132–4];
domestic accomplishments of, [133];
dress of, [133];
famed for skill in spinning, [134];
festival of, [153];
forms of name, [130] (note 3);
general precautions against, [144];
in old signification, [146];
inconstancy of, [135], [138];
longevity of, [156];
magical kerchief of, [136];
male, [149];
means of protection against, [140];
not immortal, [156];
offerings to, [140], [150];
responsible for whirlwinds, [150];
‘seizure’ by, [142];
story of wedding-procession of, [149];
supernatural qualities in dress of, [136];
theft of children by, [141];
their love of children, [140];
their marriage with men, [134];
their relations with men, [134–9];
their relations with women, [139];
transformation of, [137];
widespread belief in, [131];
with feet of goat or ass, [133]
Nether world (see [Under-world])
Nomocanon de excommunicatis, [397]
Nomocanon concerning vrykolakes, [365], [402] f.
Non-dissolution (see also [Vrykolakes]), [366];
ancient imprecations of, [417] ff.
Numbers, lucky and unlucky, [313]
Nymphs (see also [Nereids]), [130] ff.;
not immortal, [156];
punishment for violence done to, [584];
seizure by, [142]
Oedipus, curse pronounced by, [419]
Offerings, how affected by Christianity, [337];
to Artemis, [170];
to Callicantzari, [201];
to genii, [274];
to gods, motive of, [335], [336] f.;
to Nereids, [140];
to Saints, [58], [337];
to the dead (see [Gifts]), [493]
Oil, spilling of, as omen, [328]
Olive, foliage or wood used in funerals, [498] f.
Olympus, as abode of the Fates, [128]
Omens (see [Divination]);
from dripping of water, [121]
Oracle of Amorgos, [332]
Oracles, [305], [331] ff.
Orchestra, [35]
Oreads, [148]
Orestes, how spurred on to vengeance, [441] f.;
with what penalties threatened by Apollo, [421]
Orithyia, [601]
Orphics, [38]
Orphic tablets, [595] f.
Owl-faced Athene, [207]
Owls, [309], [310], [311]
‘Ox-headed man,’ The, (popular story), [278]
Pagan customs, inveteracy of, [46];
deities, how denoted, [67]
Palmistry, [329]
Pan, [77–9]
Panagia, portraits of, [301]
Paradise, popular conception of, [519]
Parga, evacuation of, [503]
Parthenon, Christian use of, [45];
figures in east pediment of, [130]
Patriotism of Greeks, [28]
Patroclus, funeral of, [348] f., [529]
Patroclus’ ghost, [429];
why desirous of burial, [516]
Pausanias, on human sacrifice, [353]
Pedantry of Greeks, [30]
Pelasgians, religion of, [522] f.
Peleus (see [Thetis])
Pentacle, [113], [406]
Perpería, [24]
Persephone (see also [Kore], [Demeter]);
‘bridal-chamber’ of, [595]
Pharmakos, [355] ff.
Pheneos, Lake, [85]
‘Pheres,’ [243]
Philinnion, story of, [413], [433]
Phlegon, story of revenant narrated by, [412] ff.
Phlya, mystic rites at, [587]
Physique of Modern Greeks, [26], [27]
Pig’s flesh, taboo, [87];
spleen, used for divination, [325]
Plague, personified, [22];
personified as trio of female demons, [124]
Pollution, [425];
ancient conception of, [451];
of bloodguilt, [445]
Polydorus, ghost of, [429]
Polynices, doom of, [420]
Polytheism, compared with monotheism, [40];
merits of, [292];
modern, [47], [48];
popular bent towards, [54]
Pomegranate, symbolic usage of, [558] ff.
Poseidon, [75–77];
as healer, [46]
‘Possession,’ by angels or devils, [68];
by devils, [144];
by the devil, as punishment, [406]
Poultry, divination from, [312]
Prayer, usually accompanied by offerings, [335]
Predestination, [122]
Priest, unlucky to meet, [306]
Prometheus, legend of, [74]
Prometheus’ prophecy of Zeus’ downfall, [552]
Prytaneum of Athens, shape of, [96]
Psellus, on divination, [321], [324]
Pulcra montium, [167]
Punishment after death, [419] ff.
Purification, from bloodguilt, [451], [483];
means of, [357]
Purity, confusion of physical and moral, [37]
Pythagoras and Zalmoxis, [351]
‘Queen of the Mountains,’ The, [163]
‘Queen of the Shore,’ The, [163]
Quince, symbolic usage of, [558] f.
Rail (ornith.), [309]
Rain-charm, [23]
Rain-making, [49]
Ram, as victim, [326]
Rat, unlucky to meet, [307]
Raven, [309]
Re-animation (see also [Resuscitation], [Vrykolakes]), [384];
of corpses left unburied, [449];
of dead body by the soul, [432] ff.
Religion, Achaean and Pelasgian elements in, [522] f.;
character of Greek, [2], [294], [361] f., [545];
complexity of Greek, [4]
Religious feeling, dominance of, [5–7];
literature, absence of, [2–5]
Resuscitation (see also [Re-animation], [Vrykolakes]), [388];
of dead persons, how viewed by the Church, [402] ff.;
of dead persons, summary of Hellenic belief concerning, [434]
Retribution, doctrine of future, [523];
exactitude of, [453] ff.;
law of, [435]
Revenants (see also [Vrykolakes]);
ancient names for, [462] ff.;
ancient Greek instances of, [412] ff.;
as Avengers of blood, [434] ff.;
as Avengers of blood, summary of ancient belief concerning, [461];
as Avengers of blood, their traits transferred to the Furies, [460];
called up by sorcerers, [404];
contrasted with ghosts, [427];
different species of, [384];
distinguished from ghosts, [416];
exacting their own vengeance, in ancient literature, [438];
Greek conception of, [394];
harmless type of, [394] f.;
Hellenic conception of, [412];
in ancient literature, [430], [438] f.
Rhapsodes, [34]
Richard, le Père, on vrykolakes, [367]
Ridgeway, on cremation and inhumation, [491]
Right hand, lucky, [312]
‘Riotings,’ The, [226]
River-gods, [277], [280]
Rohde, on cremation, [492]
rosalia, [45]
Sabazian mysteries, [585]
Sabazius, in form of snake, [586]
Sacrifice (see also [Human Sacrifice]), [335] ff.;
at launching of ship, [266];
at laying foundation-stone, [264];
at opening of quarry, [265];
at weddings, [326];
human, [262] ff.;
to genii, [276];
to genii, Slavonic influence upon, [268]
Sacrifices, classification of, [338]
Sacrificial omens, [319]
Saints, functions of, [55];
functions suggested by names of, [56];
offerings made to, [58];
sometimes reputed immoral or malign, [56];
substituted for ancient gods, [43];
with titles denoting locality, function, etc., [55];
worship of, [42]
S. Artemidos, cures children ‘struck by the Nereids,’ [44];
successor to Artemis, [44]
‘Saint Beautiful,’ [164]
S. Catharine, [303]
S. Demetra, at Eleusis, [80];
Eleusinian legend of, [80]
S. Demetrius, successor to Demeter, [44]
S. Dionysius, successor to Dionysus, [43]
S. Elias, responsible for thunder, [52];
successor to Helios, [44]
S. Elmo’s light, [286]
S. George, displacing Theseus or Heracles, [45];
legend concerning, [261]
‘S. John of the Column,’ [58]
S. John the Baptist, [37], [304]
S. Luke, as painter, [301]
S. Michael, successor to Hermes, [45]
S. Nicolas, [340];
patron of sailors, [287];
superseding Poseidon, [75]
Salt-cake, [303]
Salt, dissolving of, as magical ceremony, [388] f.
Satan, delivering persons unto, [406]
Saturnalia (in Greece), [221]
Satyrs and Centaurs, closely related, [236]
Satyr-dances, [229]
Scylla, replaced by modern Gorgon, [188];
parentage of, [173]
Scyros, faith-cure at, [62]
Sea-nymphs, [146]
‘Seizure,’ by Nymphs, [142]
Serpents, as incarnations of heroes, [274]
Shadow, as genius, [289]
Shadow-victims, [265]
‘She-devils,’ Nereids so called, [149]
Sheep-dogs, [32]
Shooting-stars, [286]
Shoulder-blade of sheep, used for divination, [321] ff.
Sieve, employed to detain Callicantzari, [196–7]
Sieves, divination from, [331]
Sileni, [230]
Silicernium, [535]
Sins, deadly, [409] f., [425] ff.
Sirens, [187]
Slavonic immigrations, [26];
influence on belief in vampires, [376] ff.
Sleep and Death, [543]
Sleeping in churches, [61]
Small-pox, personified, [22]
Snake, as genius of Acropolis, [260];
auspicious in house, [328];
bearded, [274];
unlucky to meet on road, [307]
Snakes, as manifestations of deities, [275]
Snake-form, assumed by genii (see [Genii])
Sneezing, as omen, [330]
Socrates’ familiar spirit, [291]
Sophocles, popular form of imprecation utilised by, [419]
Sorcery, punishment of, [409]
Sosipolis, story of, [272]
Souls (see [Ghosts])
Soul and body, relations of, [361] ff., [526] ff.;
re-union of, [538]
Soul-cult, Rohde’s theory of, [529], note 1
Soul, emancipation of, [515] f.;
Homeric conception of, [517] f.;
Socrates’ teaching concerning, [516]
Spitting, to avert malign influences, [14], [307]
Stars, baneful influence of, [10], [11]
Stoat, unlucky to meet, [307]
Striges, [179–184], [211];
Italian origin of, [180];
intercourse of devils with, [416];
precautions against, [181];
prey upon children, [181];
stories concerning, [182–3]
Strigla, [282]
Sucking-pig, as victim, [483]
Suicides, [408]
Sun, relics of worship of, [44]
Surrogate Victims, [355]
Swallow-song, [35]
Sympathetic magic, [264]
Taboo, [87], [357]
Taenarus, descent to Hades at, [45]
Tartarus, [98]
Telonia, [284];
local usages of name, [287]
Temples, as treasuries, [96];
converted to churches, [45]
Tenos, Church of Annunciation at, [45], [58];
faith-cures at, [60];
miraculous icon of, [301]
Thargelia, [356]
‘The Beautiful One of the Earth,’ [97]
‘The Great Lady,’ [163]
‘The Lady Beautiful,’ [163]
‘The Lamia of the Sea,’ [171]
‘The Lamia of the Shore,’ [171]
‘The Mistress,’ [89];
marriage of, [97]
Theseum, Christian use of, [45]
Theseus, [469]
Thesmophoria, [87]
Thetis, modern parallel to story of, [137]
Thracians, funeral-rites of, [500]
Thread of life, [124]
Three, ominous number, [307] (note 1), [487]
Thunderbolt, [72]
Thunder-god, [50]
Timothy, Bishop of Ephesus, martyrdom of, [222]
Titans, story of, [73]
Titles of saints, sources of, [55]
Tolerance of pagans, [42]
Torches, at funerals, [505] ff.
Traditions, popular and literary, [432]
Trance, [69]
Transformation, magic power of, [86], [249];
power of, attributed to genii, [276];
power of, how indicated in Art, [251]
Transmigration of souls, Plato’s theory of, [604] f.
Treasure, guarded by dragons, [281]
Treasury of Atreus, original use of, [94]
Tree, supporting the world, [155]
Tree-nymphs, [151];
confused with water-nymphs, [153];
woodcutters’ precautions against, [158]
Trees, not to be cut or peeled on certain days in August, [152]
Tuesday, unlucky day, [313]
Tutelary genii, fed on honey-cakes, [274]
‘Twelve Days,’ The, [221]
Twitching of eyebrow, as omen, [329]
Unburied (see [Burial], lack of)
Under-world (see also [Future life]);
Homeric conception of, [517] f.;
modern presentment of, [549]
Uninitiated, future fate of the, [563] f., [592]
Unmarried, funeral-rite of the, [556];
future fate of the, [592]
‘Unsleeping Lamp,’ The, [540]
Vampires (see [Vrykolakes]);
characteristics of Slavonic, [387];
modern Greek conception of, [363] ff.;
Slavonic treatment of, [410] f.
Vampirism, causes of, [375], [407] ff.;
imprecations of, [387];
instances of, [367] ff.;
widespread belief in, [371] ff.
Vendetta, [440] ff.
Vengeance for blood-guilt, extended to whole communities, [459];
for homicide, Delphic tradition concerning, [444] ff.
Vengeance for murder, effected by a curse, [446] f.;
effected by demonic agents, [448];
exacted by murdered person, [435] ff.;
incumbent on next-of-kin, [440];
legally incumbent on next-of-kin, [443] f.;
methods of, [453] ff.
Vesta, temple of, [96]
Victim, as messenger, [340] ff.;
elevated to rank of genius, [267] ff., [276]
Vintage-festival, [35]
Virgin, worship of the, [51]
Virginity, consecrated to river-god, [592]
Virility, affected by magical spell, [19]
Visualisation, peasants’ powers of, [47]
Votive offerings, character of, [58]
Vows, [59]
Vrykolakas, Greek equivalents for word, [381] f.;
how originally employed in Greek, [378];
occasionally used in sense of ‘were-wolf,’ [379] f.;
origin of word, [377];
original meaning of word, [377] f.;
Slavonic forms of word, [377] (note 2)
Vrykolakes (see also [Incorruptibility], [Resuscitation], [Revenants], [Vampires], [Vampirism]), [361] ff.;
attitude of authorities towards belief in, [371] f.;
belief in them not wholly Slavonic, [381];
capable of sexual commerce, [415] f.;
classes of persons liable to become, [375], [407] ff.;
close resemblance of ancient revenants to, [458];
corporeal nature of, [376];
cremation of, substitutes for, [488];
ecclesiastical view of, [386], [396] ff.;
Greek treatment of, [410] f., [502];
Hellenic element in conception of, [407];
how disposed of, [371] f.;
lineage traced from, [416];
modern Greek conception of, [363] ff.;
nomocanon concerning, [365], [402];
not to be confused with ghosts, [376];
occasional barbarities inflicted upon, [412];
original Greek type of, [391] ff.;
peculiar method of treating, [540];
recent cases of the burning of, [374];
recent Cretan account of, [372];
resuscitated by the Devil, [405] f.;
Slavonic influence upon conception of, [376] ff.;
stories of, [368] ff.;
widespread belief in, [371] ff., [374]
Vultures, [309]
‘Wanderers,’ [473]
Washing, prohibited on certain days of August, [152]
Water, immortal, [281];
miraculous, [60];
oracular property of, [334];
pouring out of, as magic rite, [520];
salt, bars passage of supernatural beings, [368] (note 1), [372];
‘speechless,’ [304], [331];
spilling of, as omen, [328]
supplied daily to the dead, [539];
‘Water-bearer,’ the, [556], [592] f.
Water-nymphs, [159];
confused with tree-nymphs, [153];
precautions against, [160]
Water-pitcher (see also [Water-bearer]), [594]
Water-spout, caused by Lamia of the Sea, [52];
superstitions concerning, [172]
Weasel, unlucky to meet, [307];
why unlucky to see, [327]
Weather, chief province of God, [51]
Wedding, ‘The Sacred,’ [599] f.;
in Hades, The, (ballad), [548]
Wedding-customs (see [Marriage-customs])
Wedding-dress, as funeral-garb of betrothed girls or young wives, [557]
Weddings, precautions at, [13];
precautions against magic at, [20];
sacrifice and divination at, [326]
Wedding-scenes on funeral-monuments, [597] f., [601] f.
Were-wolves, [239];
and vampires, [377] f.;
become vampires after death, [385]
Whirlwinds, caused by nymphs, [52], [150];
safeguard against, [150]
Winds, personified, [52]
Wine, passed from left to right, [312];
spilling of, as omen, [328]
Winter festivals, [221] ff.
Witch, as rain-maker in Santorini, [49]
Witchcraft, male and female exponents of, [15], [16]
Witches, [15]
Woodpecker, [309]
Wooing, how conducted, [558]
Wren, [309]
Zalmoxis, [350] f.
Zeus, [72–74];
Lycaean, [352];
Meilichios, [275];
Prostropaeus, [481];
survival of name, [74]