CONTENTS.

Page
[INTRODUCTION.]
Systematic History of Infidelity,[2-3]
Best Method of refuting Rationalism,[3-4]
Rationalism not an unmixed Evil,[4-6]
Definitions of Rationalism:
Wegscheider,[8]
Stäudlin,[11]
Hahn,[12]
Rose,[13]
Bretschneider,[14]
McCaul,[16]
Saintes,[19]
Lecky,[22]
Classes of Rationalists,[24-26]
Causes of the success of Rationalism,[26-32]
Four Considerations in Reference to Rationalism,[32-35]
[CHAPTER I.]
CONTROVERSIAL PERIOD SUCCEEDING THE REFORMATION.
Causes of the Controversial Spirit,[38]
The Controversies described,[39], [40]
George Calixtus,[40-45]
Jacob Boehme,[46-49]
John Arndt,[49-51]
John Gerhard,[51-53]
John Valentine Andreä,[53-55]
[CHAPTER II.]
RELIGIOUS CONDITION OF THE PROTESTANT CHURCH AT THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA.
Description of the Thirty Years' War,[56-59]
Religious Decline of the Church,[59-61]
Neglect of Children,[62-65]
Defects of Theological Literature,[66-68]
Low State of Theological Instruction,[68], [69]
Imperfect Preaching of the Time,[69-73]
Immorality of the Clergy and Theological Professors,[73-77]
Religious Indifference of the Upper Classes,[77-80]
[CHAPTER III.]
PIETISM AND ITS MISSION.
Philosophy of the Period,[82]
Improvement dependent on Individuals,[84], [85]
What Pietism proposed to do,[85-88]
Principles of Pietism,[88], [89]
Philip Jacob Spener, the Founder of Pietism,[89-93]
University of Halle,[93]
Augustus Hermann Francke,[93-95]
The Orphan House at Halle,[95-97]
Influence of the University of Halle,[97], [98]
Arnold and Thomasius,[98], [99]
New Generation of Professors in Halle,[99], [100]
Cause of the Decline of Pietism,[102]
[CHAPTER IV.]
THE POPULAR PHILOSOPHY OF WOLFF.—SKEPTICAL TENDENCIES FROM ABROAD.
Leibnitz, Founder of the Wolffian Philosophy,[103], [104]
Wolff and the Popular Philosophy,[104-111]
The School of Wolff,[111]
Töllner,[112]
English Deism in Germany,[113-117]
English Deism in France[117], [118]
Voltaire and Frederic the Great,[119-123]
Frederic's Regret at Skepticism in Prussia,[123], [124]
[CHAPTER V.]
SEMLER AND THE DESTRUCTIVE SCHOOL.—1750-1810.
Influence of Foreign Skepticism on the German Church,[125], [126]
Semler and the Accommodation-Theory,[126-131]
Semler's Private Life,[135-137]
Influence of Semler's destructive Criticism,[137], [138]
Edelmann,[138], [139]
Bahrdt,—his Writings, and depraved Character,[139-143]
[CHAPTER VI.]
CONTRIBUTIONS OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY.
Prevalence of Semler's Opinions,[144], [145]
Mental Activity of the Times,[145]
Adherents to the Accommodation-Theory,[147], [148]
Literary Agencies:
Nicolai's Universal German Library,[147], [148]
Rationalistic Spirit in Berlin,[148]
Wolfenbüttel Fragments,[149-156]
Philosophical Agencies:
Kant and his System,[156-162]
Service rendered by Kant,[162]
Jacobi,[162], [163]
Fichte,[163]
Schelling,[164]
Hegel,[164], [165]
Grouping of the Philosophical Schools,[165-167]
[CHAPTER VII.]
THE REIGN OF THE WEIMAR CIRCLE.—REVOLUTION IN EDUCATION AND HYMNOLOGY.
Harmony of the prevalent philosophical Systems,[169]
Karl August of Weimar and his literary Circle,[169-171]
John Gottfried Herder,[171-179]
Schiller,[179-182]
Goethe,[182], [183]
Deleterious Change in Education,[184]
Basedow, and his Philanthropium,[184-187]
Campe and Salzmann,[187], [188]
Rationalistic Elementary Books,[189-193]
Alteration of the German Hymns,[194], [195]
Decline of Church Music,[195]
Inability of Orthodox Theologians to resist Rationalism,[195], [196]
[CHAPTER VIII.]
DOCTRINES OF RATIONALISM IN THE DAY OF ITS STRENGTH.
Desolate Condition of the Church,[197], [198]
Rationalism without a Common System,[198], [199]
Opinions of the Rationalists:
Religion,[199]
Existence of God,[199], [200]
Doctrine of Inspiration,[200-202]
Credibility of the Scriptures,[203-206]
Fall of Man,[206], [207]
Miracles,[207-211]
Prophecy,[211-214]
Person of Christ,[214-218]
[CHAPTER IX.]
RENOVATION INAUGURATED BY SCHLEIERMACHER.
Protestant Germany at the Commencement of the Nineteenth Century,[220-222]
Fichte, and his Popular Appeal,[222-224]
Schleiermacher,[224-229]
The Romantic School,[230]
Ecclesiastical Reconstruction inaugurated by Frederic William III.,[230], [231]
The Union of the Lutheran and Reformed Churches,[231], [232]
Claus Harms—his 95 Theses,[232-236]
[CHAPTER X.]
RELATIONS OF RATIONALISM AND SUPERNATURALISM.—1810-1835.
The Task before the New Church,[237]
Rationalism strengthened by Röhr and Wegscheider,[238]
The terms, Rationalism and Supernaturalism,[239]
Tittmann,[239], [240]
Tzschirner,[240]
Schott,[241]
Schleiermacher's System of Doctrines,[241-244]
Effect of Schleiermacher's Teaching,[245], [246]
De Wette,[246-249]
Neander,[249-253]
His personal Appearance,[253-254]
[CHAPTER XI.]
THE REACTION PRODUCED BY STRAUSS' LIFE OF JESUS.—1835-1848.
Hyper-criticism of the Rationalists,[255], [256]
Influence of Schleiermacher and Hegel,[256], [257]
The threefold Division of the Hegelian School,[257], [258]
David Frederic Strauss, and his Life of Jesus,[258-269]
Replies to the Life of Jesus:
Harless,[271]
Hoffman,[271]
Neander,[272]
Ullmann,[273]
Schweizer,[273]
Wilke,[273]
Schaller,[273]
Dorner,[273], [274]
Literature occasioned by Strauss' Life of Jesus,[274], [275]
Strauss' New Life of Jesus for the People,[275-278]
The Tübingen School, conducted by Ferdinand Christian Baur,[278-280]
The Influence of the French Revolution,[280], [281]
Strauss' System of Doctrine,[281], [282]
Feuerbach,[282]
The Halle Year-Books,[282], [283]
The "Friends of Light,"[283], [284]
The "Free Congregations,"[284], [285]
Rationalistic Leaders of the Revolution of 1848,[285], [286]
Their Failure, and its Cause,[286], [287]
[CHAPTER XII.]
THE EVANGELICAL SCHOOL: ITS OPINIONS AND PRESENT PROSPECTS.
The Mediation Theologians, or Evangelical School, grouped:
Ullmann,[288], [289]
Dorner,[289-292]
Tholuck,[292-295]
Lange,[295], [296]
Twesten,[297]
Nitzsch,[297-299]
Rothe,[299-303]
Schenkel—his recent Adoption of Rationalism,[303-305]
Hengstenberg,[305-307]
Theological Journals,[307]
Improved Theological Instruction,[307-310]
[CHAPTER XIII.]
PRACTICAL MOVEMENTS INDICATING NEW LIFE.
Charities of German Protestantism,[311]
Relation of Philanthropy to Religious Life,[312]
John Falk,[312-316]
Theodore Fliedner,[316-318]
Evangelical Church Diet,[318-323]
Immanuel Wichern,[324-329]
Louis Harms,[329], [330]
The Gustavus Adolphus Union,[330], [331]
[CHAPTER XIV.]
HOLLAND: THEOLOGY AND RELIGION FROM THE SYNOD OF DORT TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE PRESENT CENTURY.
Former Political Influence of Holland,[332], [333]
Rise of Rationalism in Holland,[333]
Influence of the Synod of Dort,[334]
Corruption of Ethics,[335]
Low state of Homiletic Literature,[335], [336]
Cocceius,[336-339]
Vœtius,[339], [340]
Controversy between the Cocceians and Vœtians,[340-343]
Favorable Influence of the Huguenot Immigrants,[343], [344]
Popular Acquaintance with Theology,[345], [346]
Bekker,[347], [348]
Roell,[348], [349]
Van Os,[349]
Influence of English Deism,[350-353]
Influence of French Skepticism,[353], [354]
Napoleon Bonaparte's domination,[354], [355]
[CHAPTER XV.]
HOLLAND CONTINUED: THE NEW THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS, AND THE GREAT CONTROVERSY NOW PENDING BETWEEN ORTHODOXY AND RATIONALISM.
The Political Subjugation of Holland,[356]
Inactivity of Orthodoxy,[356], [357]
Rupture produced by the New Hymn-Book,[357], [358]
The Revival and the Secession:
Bilderdyk, Da Costa, Capadose, Groen Van Prinsterer,[359-361]
De Cock, the Leader of the Secession,[362], [363]
Failure of the Secession,[363], [364]
The Groningen School:[364]
Its Characteristic,[364]
Hofstede de Groot, and Pareau,[365], [366]
Doctrines of the Groningens,[366], [367]
The School of Leyden:[367]
Scholten,[368-371]
The School of Empirical-Modern Theology:
Opzoomer,[371]
Pierson,[371-374]
Doctrines of this School,[374], [375]
The Ethical Irenical School:[375]
Chantepie de la Saussaye,[375-377]
Van Oosterzee,[377-379]
The Present Crisis and its Causes,[381-383]
Increase of Evangelizing Agencies,[383-385]
[CHAPTER XVI.]
FRANCE: RATIONALISM IN THE PROTESTANT CHURCH—THE CRITICAL SCHOOL.
Present Activity of Religious Thought in France,[386], [387]
Coldness of Orthodoxy at the Commencement of the Nineteenth Century,[387], [388]
Influence of Wesleyan Missionaries,[388], [389]
Cartesianism and the Positive Philosophy,[390]
Light French Literature,[391]
The Critical School of Theology:[391-394]
Réville,[394-396]
Scherer,[396-400]
Larroque,[400]
Rougemont,[400], [401]
Colani[401], [402]
Pecaut,[402], [403]
Grotz,[403]
Renan, and his Life of Jesus,[403-406]
A. Coquerel, jr.,[406-409]
Influence of French Skepticism upon the Young,[409], [410]
[CHAPTER XVII.]
FRANCE CONTINUED: EVANGELICAL THEOLOGY OPPOSING RATIONALISM.
Agencies Opposing Rationalism,[411]
De Pressensé,[411-416]
Guizot,[416-419]
Success of the Evangelical School,[419-421]
Improvement of the French Protestant Church,[422], [423]
Charitable and Evangelizing Societies,[423], [424]
[CHAPTER XVIII.]
SWITZERLAND: ORTHODOXY IN GENEVA, AND THE NEW SPECULATIVE RATIONALISM IN ZÜRICH.
Prostration of the Swiss Church at the Commencement of the Nineteenth Century,[425], [426]
Neglect of Theological Instruction,[426], [427]
The Theological Academy in Geneva,[428]
The Evangelical Dissenting Church,[428]
Gaussen,[428], [429]
Vinet,[429]
Present Religious Condition of Geneva,[429], [430]
Lectures in the Genevan Theological Academy,[431], [432]
Religious Declension of Zürich,[432]
Zürich the Centre of Swiss Rationalism:[433-435]
The Speculative Rationalism:
The Holy Scriptures,[435]
Christ,[435-437]
Sin,[438]
Faith,[438], [439]
German Switzerland influenced by German Theology,[439]
[CHAPTER XIX.]
ENGLAND: THE SOIL PREPARED FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF RATIONALISM.
English Deism and German Rationalism Contrasted,[440]
Literature of England in the Eighteenth Century,[440], [441]
The Writers of that Period,[441]
Influence of the French Spirit,[441], [442]
Bolingbroke,[442], [443]
Hume,[444-447]
Gibbon,[447], [448]
The moral Prostration of the Church,[448-450]
Influence of the Wesleyan Movement,[450-452]
[CHAPTER XX.]
ENGLAND CONTINUED: PHILOSOPHICAL AND LITERARY RATIONALISM.—COLERIDGE AND CARLYLE.
Compensations of History,[453]
Rise of a Disposition in England to consult German Theology and Philosophy,[453], [454]
Philosophical Rationalism:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge,[455-462]
Julius Charles Hare,[462-465]
F. D. Maurice,[465-468]
Charles Kingsley,[468-471]
Literary Rationalism:
Influence of Philosophy on Literature,[472]
Thomas Carlyle,[473-477]
The Westminster Review,[477-480]
Necessity of active Protestantism,[480]
[CHAPTER XXI.]
ENGLAND CONTINUED: CRITICAL RATIONALISM—JOWETT, THE ESSAYS AND REVIEWS, AND COLENSO.
Relation of the Bible to Christianity,[481]
Critical Rationalism:
Professor Jowett,[481]
The "Essays and Reviews,"[482-497]
Judicial Proceedings against the Writers of that Work,[497-499]
Criticism of Bishop Colenso,[499-503]
Judicial Proceedings against Colenso,[503-505]
[CHAPTER XXII.]
ENGLAND CONTINUED: SURVEY OF CHURCH PARTIES.
Unity of the Church of England,[507]
The Evangelical and Sacramentalist Parties,[507]
The Low Church:
Cambridge University,[508]
Activity of the Founders of the Low Church,[508], [509]
Missionary Zeal,[509], [510]
Parties in the Low Church,[510]
The High Church:
Rise of the Tractarian Movement,[511], [512]
Doctrines of the High Church,[512-515]
Service rendered by the High Church,[515]
John H. Newman,[516], [517]
Francis William Newman,[517-519]
The First Broad Church:
Indefiniteness of Creed,[519], [520]
Thomas Arnold,[520-523]
Arthur P. Stanley,[523-529]
Doctrines of the First Broad Church,[529], [530]
The Second Broad Church:
Difference between the First and Second Broad Churches,[530], [531]
Classification of Church Parties,[531], [532]
Skepticism in various Sects,[532], [533]
[CHAPTER XXIII.]
THE UNITED STATES: THE UNITARIAN CHURCH.—THE UNIVERSALISTS.
Novelty in American History,[534]
Separation of Church and State,[534-536]
Relations between the Old World and the United States,[536], [537]
The Unitarian Church:
The Venerable Stoddard,[537], [538]
Jonathan Edwards,[538]
The Half-Way Covenant,[538]
James Freeman,[538], [539]
Early Unitarian Publications,[539], [540]
Unitarianism in Harvard University,[540]
Andover Theological Seminary,[540], [541]
Controversy between Channing and Worcester,[541]
William Ellery Channing,[541-544]
The Unitarian Creed,[544-553]
The Christian Examiner,[553]
The Young Men's Christian Union,[553-558]
The Unitarian National Convention,[558-560]
Present state of the Unitarian Church,[560]
Universalism:
Rise in America,[560], [561]
Doctrines of Universalism,[561], [562]
Present state of Universalism,[562], [563]
[CHAPTER XXIV.]
THE UNITED STATES CONTINUED: THEODORE PARKER AND HIS SCHOOL.
Early Attachment of the Unitarians to the Doctrine of Miracles,[564]
Theodore Parker:
His Personal History,[564], [565]
His Course toward Orthodoxy,[566]
His Opinions,[566-571]
Influence of American Skepticism,[571], [572]
Frothingham's juvenile Work,[572], [573]
"Liberal Christianity,"[573-575]
Duty of the American Church,[575], [576]
[CHAPTER XXV.]
INDIRECT SERVICE OF SKEPTICISM—PRESENT OUTLOOK.
Great Success the Result of strong Opposition,[577-579]
Biblical Study indirectly benefited by the Attacks of Rationalism,[580], [581]
Improvement of Church History,[581-583]
Estimate of the Life of Christ,[583-586]
The Evangelical Church:
Necessity of an impartial View of Science,[586], [587]
The proper Way to combat Skepticism,[587], [588]
Unity a Requisite of Success,[588], [589]
[APPENDIX.]
Literature of Rationalism:
Germany, Holland, Switzerland,[590-595]
Rationalistic Periodicals in Germany,[595]
France,[595-598]
Rationalistic Periodicals in France,[598]
Great Britain and the United States,[599-606]
Literature of Unitarianism and Universalism:[606-609]
Unitarian Periodicals,[609]
Universalist Periodicals,[609-610]
[Index],[611-623]