History of Rationalism Embracing a Survey of the Present State of Protestant Theology

by J. F. Hurst

LITERATURE OF RATIONALISM.

I.—GERMANY—HOLLAND—SWITZERLAND.

Auberlen, C. A.—Die Göttliche Offenbarung, 2 Bände, Basel, 1861-64.

Äuserungen üb. Renan, Strauss u. ähnliche Bücher. Anon. Tüb., 1864.

Balmes, J.—Briefe an einen Zweifler, Aus d. Span. übersetzt, von F. Loruiser, Regensburg, 1864.

Baur, F. C.—Die Tübingen Schule und ihre Stellung zur Gegenwart. Tübingen, 1859.

Beyschlag, W.—Über das "Leben Jesu" v. Renan. Halle a. S. 1864.

Bockshammer, G. F.—Offenbarung und Theologie. Stuttg. 1822.

Böhme, C. F.—Christliches Henotikon. Halle, 1827.

—— Die Sache des rationalen Supranaturalismus, geprüft und erklärt. Neust. 1823.

Bretschneider, K. G.—Ueber die Grundprincipien der Evang. Theologie. Altenburg, 1832.

—— Zwei Sendschreiben an einem Staatsmann. Leipzig, 1830.

Bronsveld, A. W.—Oorzaken der verbreiding van het rationalisme in ous land, sinds de laaste jaren der vorigen eeuw. Rotterdam, 1862.

Brunner, S.—Der Atheist Renan u. Sein Evangelium. Regensburg, 1864.

Bucher, J.—Das Leben Jesu v. Dr. Fr. Strauss nach der neuen "f. das Deutsche Volk," beab. Augsburg, 1864.

Cassel, P.—Über Renan's Leben Jesu. Berlin, 1864.

Chantepie de la Saussaye.—La Crise Religieuse en Hollande. Leyde, 1860.

Clausen, Prof.—Katholicismus u. Protestantismus, 3 Bände. Translated by Fries. Latest Edition, 1828.

The author, a moderate Rationalist, attempts in vain to identify Protestantism and Rationalism.

Clemen, C. F. W.—Die Rationalisten sind doch Christen. Altenbg. 1829.

Cölln, D. G. K. von, und Schultz, Dav.—Über Theologische Lehrfreiheit auf den Evangelischen Universitäten. Breslau, 1830.

Cornil, A.—Ludwig Feuerbach u. Seine Stellung zur Religion u. Philosophie d. Gegenwart. Frankfurt a. Main, 1851.

Da Costa.—The Four Witnesses. Holland.

This work relates to the Four Evangelists, and is a reply to Strauss.

Deutinger, M.—Renan u. das Wunder. München, 1864.

De Wette.—Über der Verfall der Protestantischen Kirche in Deutschland, und die Mittel, ihr wieder aufzuhelfen. Reformationsalm.—1817, S. 296 ff.

—— Religion und Theologie. Berlin, 1817.

—— Theodor oder des Zweifler's Weihe. 2 Bde. Berlin, 1822.

Diestelmann, Th.—Beleuchtung d. Lebens Jesu f. das Deutsche Volk, v. D. F. Strauss. Hannover, 1864.

Engelhardt, M.—Schenkel und Strauss. Erlangen, 1864.

Feldmann, T. C.—Der Wahre Christus u. sein rechtes Symbol. Altona, 1865.

Feuerbach. F. L.—Das Wesen d. Glaubens im Sinne Luther's. Leip., 1844.

Frei-Religiösen (die) in ihrer Blösse. Brandenburg, 1862.

Freppel, Prof.—Kritische Beleuchtung d. Ernst Renan'schen Schrift: Das Leben Jesu. Wien, 1864.

Fricke, G.—Ueber Renan's Leben Jesu. Heidelberg, 1864.

Fritzsche, Ch. F.—De Rationalismo commentatt. II; in den opuscul. academ. Tur.—1846.

Frost, W.—Das Leben d. Anti-Christus nach Ernst Renan. Wien, 1864.

Gebhard, F. H.—Die letzten Gründe des Rationalismus in einer Widerlegung der Briefe Zöllichs. Arnst., 1822.

Gerber, J. H.—Supranominalismus, ein neues System der Theologie, oder die endliche Versöhnung zwischen Rationalismus und Supranaturalismus in wissenschaftliche Nothwendigkiet. Leipzig, 1843-44.

Gerlach, H.—Gegen Renan, Leben Jesu. Berlin, 1864.

Gess und Riggenbach.—Apologetische Beiträge. Basel, 1864.

Groen Van Prinsterer, G.—Le parti anti-revolutionaire et confessionel dans l'église réformée des Pays-Bas. Amsterdam, 1860.

Gurlitt. J. Gfr.-Rede zur Empfehlung des Vernunftsgebrauch's bei dem Studium der Theologie. Hamburg, 1822.

Haar, B. ter,—Pictures from the History of the Reformation. 1855.

A prize work, written to strengthen the faith of Protestants.

—— Vorlesungen über Renan's "Leben Jesu." 1864.

Haffner.—Die Deutsche Aufklärung. Mainz, 1864.

Hagenbach, K. R.—Kirchengeschichte d. 18 und 19 Jahrhunderts. 3 Aufl. Leipzig, 1856.

—— Die sogenannte Vermittelungstheologie. Zürich, 1858.

—— History of Doctrines. Revised Edinb. ed., with large additions. By Prof. H. B. Smith. New York, 1862.

Hahn, A.—De Rationalismi, qui dicitur, vera indole et qua cum naturalismo contineatur ratione. Lips. 1827.

—— Ueber die Lage des Christenthums unserer Zeit, und das Verhältniss der Christlichen Theologie zur Wissenschaft überhaupt. Leipz. 1832.

Haneberg, D. B.—E. Renan's Leben Jesu beleuchtet. Regensbg. 1864.

Hanne, J. W.—Rationalismus und spec. Theologie in Braunschweig. Braunschweig, 1838.

Harms, C.—Thesen Luther's mit andern 95 Sätzen. Kiel, 1817.

—— "Dass es mit der Vernunftreligion nichts ist." Kiel, 1819.

Havet, E.—Kritik üb. "Das Leben Jesu" v. E. Renan. Mannheim, 1863.

Heinrich, J. B.—Christus: Kritik des Rationalismus, des Straussischen Mythicismus u. d. Lebens Jesu v. Renan. Mainz, 1864.

Held, C. F. W.—Jesus der Christ, mit Rücksicht auf d. Rationalismus u. Skepticismus d. Gegenwart. Zürich, 1865.

Henhofer, A.—Der Kampf d. Unglaubens m. Aberglauben u. Glauben. Heidelberg, 1861.

Henke, C. L. Th.—Rationalismus u. Traditionalismus im 19. Jahrhundert. 1864.

Hering.—Die Akephaler unserer Zeit. Leipzig, 1825.

Heringa, J. E.—Het gebruiken Misbruik der Kritik. Holland, 1793.

Hofstede de Groot, P.—Die Gröninger Theologen. Gotha, 1863.

Hüffell, L.—Friedensvorschläge zur Beendigung des Streits zwischen bibl. Christlichen Theologen und Rationalisten; Zeitschrift für Predigerwissenschaften. Bd. 2. St. 1.

Hundeshagen, K. B.—Der Deutsche Protestantismus. 3 Aufl. Frankfort a. Main, 1850.

Hurter, H.—Ueber die Rechte der Vernunft und des Glaubens. Innsbruck, 1863.

Kähler, L. A.—Supranaturalismus und Rationalismus in ihrem gemeinschaft. Ursprunge, ihrer Zwietracht u. höheren Einheit. Leipzig, 1818.

Kahnis, K. F. A.—Der innere Gang des deutschen Protestantismus seit Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts. Leipzig, 1854.

Kampe, F.—Geschichte der religiösen Bewegung d. neuern Zeit. 2 Bde. Leipzig, 1852-53.

Keim, I.—Der Geschichtliche Christus. Zürich, 1864.

Kleuker, J. F.—Ueber das Ja und Nein der Bibl. Christl. u. der reinen Vernunfttheologie. Hamburg, 1819.

Compare, Ueber die Altonaer Bibel. 1818.

—— Ueber den alten und neuen Protestantismus. Bremen, 1823.

Köhler, A.—Die niederländisch-reform. Kirche. Erlangen, 1856.

Kuenen, A.—The Pentateuch and Book of Joshua critically examined. Translated from the Dutch by Rt. Rev. J. W. Colenso. London, 1865.

Lang, H.—Dogmatik. Berlin, 1858.

—— Ein Gang durch die Christliche Welt. Berlin, 1859.

—— Religiöse Charactere. Winterthur, 1862.

Lorgion, E. J.—The Pastor of Vliethinzen; or, Conversations about the Groninger School. Capetown, 1865.

A novel, translated from the Dutch, for the use of Colonists in Southern Africa.

Luthardt, C. E.—Die modernen Darstellungen des Lebens Jesu. Eine Besprechung der Schriften von Strauss, Renan, etc. Leipzig, 1864.

Meyer, J.—Das Leben Jesu v. Dav. Frdr. Strauss. Leipzig, 1865.

Michelis, F.—Renan's Roman vom Leben Jesu. Münster, 1864.

Neuester Nachtrag zu Renan's Leben Jesu. Berlin, 1864.

Nicolas, A.—Die Gottheit Jesu. Regensburg, 1864.

Nitzsch, C. L.—Ueber das Heil der Theologie durch Unterscheidung der Offenbarung und Religion als Mittel und Zweck. 1880.

Noack, L.—Die Freidenker in der Religion. Berne, 1853.

Oosterzee, J. J. Van.—Geschichte oder Roman? Das Leben Jesu v. E. Renan beleuchtet. 1863.

Opzoomer, C. W.—De waarheid en hare kenbronnen. Amsterdam, 1882.

Paulus, H. E. G.—Zeitgemässe Beleuchtung des Streites zwischen dem Eingebungsglauben und der Urchristlichen Denkgläubigkeit. Wiesbaden, 1830.

Petrenz, K. A.—Wie hast du Renan's Leben Jesu aufgenommen? Neu-Ruppin, 1864.

Raumer, F.—Schwarz, Strauss, Renan. Leipzig, 1864.

Riggenbach, C. J.—Der Heutige Rationalismus besonders in der Deutschen Schweiz. Basel, 1862.

Ritter, H.—Ernst Renan üb. die Naturwissenschaften u. die Geschichte. Gotha, 1865.

Röhr, J. F.—Briefe über den Rationalismus. Aachen, 1813.

—— Grund-und-Glaubenssätze der Evang.-protest. Kirche. 1832-1834.

Romang, J. P.—Ueber Unglauben, Pletismus u. Wissenschaft. Zürich, 1859.

Rosenkranz, K.—Kritik d. Principien d. Strauss'schen Glaubenslehre. Leipzig, 1844.

Royaards, H. J.—Geschiedenis van het Christendom. Nederland, 1853.

Rückert, L. J.—Der Rationalismus. Leipzig, 1859.

Rumpf.—Kirchenglaube und Erfahrung, 1854.

—— Bibel und Christus, 1858.

Ruthenus, K.—Der formale Supernaturalismus oder d. einzig mögliche Weg zur einer Ausgleichung der streitenden theolog. Partheien. Leipzig, 1834.

Sartorius, C.—Die Religion ausserhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft. Marburg, 1822.

—— Ueber die Unwissenschaftlichkeit und innere Verwandschaft des Rationalismus und Romanismus. Auch u. d. Tit: Beiträge zur Evang. Rechtglaubigkeit. 1 Hft. Heidelberg, 1825.

Schenkel, D.—Die Religiösen Zeitkämpfe. Hamburg, 1847.

—— Das Characterbild Jesu. Wiesbaden, 1864.

—— Die Protestantische Freiheit in ihrem gegenwartigen Kampfe in der Kirchlichen Reaktion. Wiesbaden, 1865.

Schlosser, F. C.—Geschichte d. 18 und 19 Jahrhunderts. (First two vols.) Heidelberg, 1848.

Scholten, J. H.—Oratio de pugna theologiam inter atque philosophiam recto utriusque studio tollenda. Leipzig, 1847.

—— Dogmatices Christianæ Initia. Editio II. Leyden, 1858.

Schott, H. A.—Briefe über Religion und Christlichen Offenbarungsglauben. Jena, 1826.

Schröter, W.—Christianismus, Humanismus und Rationalismus in ihrer Identität. Leipzig, 1830.

Schubert, F. W.—Die Freien Gemeinde unserer Zeit. Berlin, 1850.

Schuderoff, J.—Briefe über den Rationalismus und Supernaturalismus, in Journal für Veredlung des Prediger- und Schullehrerstandes. Jahrg. 1811. Bd. 2. St. 3.

Schulthess, J. und Orelli, J. K.—Rationalismus und Supernaturalismus, Kanon, Tradition und Scription. Zürich, 1822.

Schultze, L.—Die Wunder Jesu Christi mit Beziehung a. d. Leben Jesu v. Renan. Königsberg, 1864.

Schwartz, C.—Zur Geschichte d. neuesten Theologie. 3 sehr verm. Auf. Leipzig, 1864.

Sepp, Dr.—Thaten u. Lehren Jesu; auf die jungsten Werke v. Renan und Strauss. Schaffhausen, 1864.

Stäudlin, C. F.—Geschichte des Rationalismus und Supranaturalismus. Göttingen, 1826.

Steffens, H.—Von der falschen Theologie und dem Wahren Glauben. Breslau, 1831.

Steiger, W.—Kritik des Rationalismus in Wegscheider's Dogmatik. Berlin, 1830.

Strauss, D. F.—Das Leben Jesu. Berlin, 1835.

—— Das Leben Jesu f. das Deutsche Volk bearb. Leipzig, 1864.

Tafel, F. I.—Das Leben Jesu,—gegen die Angriffe d. Dr. Strauss u. d. Unglaubens überhaupt. Basel, 1863.

Theiler, C. G. W.—Christus und die Vernunft. Leipzig, 1830.

—— Aphorismen zur Verständigung über den sogenannten alten und neuen Glauben. Leipzig, 1839.

Tholuck, A.—Vermischte Schriften II., "Geschichte der Umwälzung der Theologie seit 1750." Hamburg, 1839.

—— Die Lehre v. der Sünde und vom Versöhnen. 7 Auf. Hamb. 1851.

—— Vorgeschichte des Rationalismus. Zwei Theile. Berlin, 1859-'62.

—— Geschichte d. Rationalismus. Erste Abth. Berlin, 1865.

Tittmann, J. A. H.—Über Supranaturalismus, Rationalismus, u. Atheismus. Leipzig, 1816.

Ullmann, K.—Theologisches Bedenken auf Veranlassung des Angriffs der evangel. Kirchenzeit, auf den Hallischen Rationalismus. Halle, 1830.

Together with many other articles of similar character in "Studien und Kritiken."

Verantwortung (zur) des Christlichen Glauben. 10 Vorträge von Riggenbach, Auberlen, Gess, und andere. Basel, 1862.

Voightländer, J. A.—Der Rationalismus nach seinen philosophischen Hauptformen und in seiner historischen Gestalt. Leipzig, 1830.

Wegscheider, J. A. L.—Institutiones Theologiæ Christianæ Dogmaticæ. Halle, 1815. 8th Ed. 1844.

Weidemann, K. A.—Die Neuesten Darstellungen d. Lebens Jesu von Renan, Schenkel, Strauss. Gotha, 1864.

Wiesinger, A.—Aphorismen gegen Renan's Leben Jesu. Wien, 1864.

Wiggers, J.—Kirchlicher oder rein biblischer Supranaturalismus? Leipzig, 1842.

Wislicenus, G. A.—Die Bibel, für denkende Leser betrachtet. Leipzig, 1864.

Wöllwarth, F.—Gedanken üb. das characterbild Christi, von Schenkel. Stuttgart, 1865.

Zeitfragen Religiöse, Unparteiisch beurtheilt v. e. Laien. Tüb., 1864.

Zöckler, O.—Die Evangelien kritik u. das Lebensbild Christi nach d. Schrift. Darmstadt, 1864.

Zöllich, C. F.—Briefe über den Supranaturalismus; eine Gegenschrift zu den Briefen über den Rationalismus. Sondershausen, 1821.

RATIONALISTIC PERIODICALS.

Allgemeine kirchliche Zeitschrift.—Published by D. Schenkel, Elberfeld, 1860-'65.

Annalen.—Published by Schulthess, 1826-30.

Deutschkatholisches Sonntagsblatt.—Wiesb., 1851-'65.

Freies (für) religiöses Leben.—Breslau, 1848.

The Journal of the "Friends of Light."

Kirche der Gegenwart.—Biedermann und Fries. Zürich, 1845-'50.

Kirchen-und-Schulblatt.—Weimar, 1852-'65.

Predigerbibliothek.—Published by Röhr, 1820-'48. Continued by H. Lang, to 1816.

Protestantische Blätter, Für das evang. Oesterreich.—Wien, 1863-'65.

Protestantische Kirchenzeitung.—H. Eltester und Carl Schwartz. Berlin, 1854-'65.

This quarterly is the leading organ of the German Rationalists.

Sonntagsblatt.—Uhlich. Gotha, 1850. Quarterly.

Sophronizen.—Published by Paulus, 1819-'30.

Theologische Jahrbücher.—F. Chr. Baur und E. Zeller. Tübingen, 1842-'56. Not continued.

Zeitschrift für wissenschaft. Theologie.—A. Hilgenfeld. Halle, 1858-'65.

Zeitstimmen aus d. reformirten Kirche der Schweiz.—H. Lang. Winterthur, 1859-'66.

II.—FRANCE.

Arnaud, A.—Les Orthodoxes et le Parti libéral protestant. Paris, 1864.

Astie, J. F.—Les deux Théologies nouvelles dans le sein du Protestantisme Français. Paris, 1862.

Biermann, C.—Foi et Raison. Paris, 1860.

Boissonais, L.—Doctrine de la nouvelle école d'apres MM. Réville, A. Coquerel fils, et Colani. Paris, 1864.

Buisson, F.—L'orthodoxie et l'Evangile dans l'Eglise réformée. Paris, 1864.

Cassan-Floyrac, L'Abbé.—Le Rationalisme devant la Raison. Paris, 1858.

Colani, T.—Ma Position dans l'Eglise de la Confession d'Augsbourg. Paris, 1860.

—— Jésus Christ et les Croyances messianiques de son Temps. Paris, 1864.

Coquerel, A.—Christologie. Paris, 1859.

Coquerel, E.—M. Guizot et l'Orthodoxie protestante. Paris, 1864.

—— Libéreaux et orthodoxes. Paris, 1864.

Dunaime, L'Abbé J.—De la Raison dans ses Rapports avec la Foi. Paris, 1858.

Fayet, A.—Lettres à un rationaliste sur la philosophie et la religion. Paris, 1864.

Franchi, A.—Le Rationalisme. Bruxelles, 1858.

Frossard, C. L.—L'orthodoxie de l'Eglise réformée de France. Paris, 1864.

Guizot, F.—Méditations sur l'Essence de la Religion Chrétienne. Paris, 1864.

Larroque, P.—Renovation réligieuse. Paris, 1859.

—— Examen Critique des doctrines de la religion Chrétienne. Paris, 1859.

Lups, L'Abbé J.—Le Traditionalisme et le Rationalisme. Liege, 1859.

Nicolas, M.—Études Critiques sur la Bible. Paris, 1861.

Pressensé, E. De.—Le Pays de l'Evangile; Notes d'un voyage en Orient. Paris, 1865.

Remusat, C. De.—Philosophie Religieuse. Paris, 1864.

Renan, E.—Études d'histoire Réligieuse. 3d Edition. Paris, 1858.

—— Vie de Jésus. Paris, 1863.

Literature arising out of the publication of Renan's "Life of Jesus."

Augé, L.—Neuf pages décisives sur la Vie de Jésus de M. E. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Baudon, P. L.—M. Ernest Renan, le prophete et le vrai fils de Dieu. Paris, 1863.

Bloch, S.—M. Renan et le Judaïsme. Paris, 1863.

Bonald, M. de.—Mandement portant condamnation du livre intitulé; la Vie de Jésus, par E. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Bonnetain, J.—Le Christ-Dieu devant les Siècles. M. Renan et son roman du jour. Paris, 1863.

Bourquenoud, A.—Les Distractions de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Boylesve, M. de.—M. Renan, défenseur de la foi d'apres un procédé nouveau. Paris, 1863.

Carle, H.—Crises des croyances. M. Renan, et l'esprit de système. Paris, 1863.

Castaing, A.—Jésus, M. E. Renan et la science. Paris, 1863.

Chauvelot, B.—M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Cheret, L'Abbé.—Lettres d'un curé de campagne à M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Clabaut, L'Abbé.—E. Renan et l'Evangile. Paris, 1863.

Cochin, A.—Quelques mots sur le Vie de Jésus de M. E. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Colani, T.—Examen de la Vie de Jésus de M. Renan. Strasbourg, 1864.

Constant, B.—Les contradictions de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Correspondance Apocryphe entre M. E. Renan et sa sœur Ursule. Paris, 1863.

Delaporte, A.—La Critique et la Tactique, à propos de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Des Granges, F.—Une Échappé sur la Vie de Jésus d'Ernest Renan. Paris, 1863.

Deshaires, G.—La Vie de Jésus, les Évangiles, et M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Evangile (le cinquième) de M. Renan,—par M. H. D. Paris, 1863.

Felix, R. P.—M. Renan et sa Vie de Jésus.

—— Quelques mots sur le livre de la Vie de Jésus. Paris, 1863.

Foisset.—Ernest Renan: Vie de Jésus. Paris, 1863.

Fregier, J. C.—Jésus devant le droit, ou Critique judiciare de la Vie de Jésus de M. E. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Freppel, L'Abbé.—Examen Critique de la Vie de Jésus de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Ginouliac.—Lettre à l'un de ses vicaires généraux sur la Vie de Jésus par M. E. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Guettée, L'Abbé.—Réfutation de la prétendue Vie de Jésus de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Havet, E.—Jésus dans l'histoire. Examen de la Vie de Jésus par Renan. Paris, 1863.

Hello, E.—M. Renan et la Vie de Jésus. Paris, 1863.

Hervé.—Divinité de Jésus. Réponse à M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Jourdain, A.—Réfutation rationnelle de la Vie de Jésus. Paris, 1863.

Lacordaire, R.—Aux Lecteurs de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Larroque, P.—Opinion des Déistes rationalistes sur la Vie de Jésus, selon M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Lasserre, H.—L'Evangile selon Renan. Paris, 1863.

Latour.—Une réponse à M. Volusien Pagès. Réfutation d'une Réfutation, de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Laurentie.—Le Livre de M. E. Renan, sur la Vie de Jésus. Paris, 1863.

Le Peltier, E.—Vie de E. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Leroy, E.—Réponse d'un poète à M. E. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Levy, Le Rabbin.—La Synagogue et M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Loyson, J. T.—Une prétendue Vie de Jésus, ou M. E. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Macrakis, A.—Le Vrai Jésus Christ opposé au Jésus faux imaginé par M. E. Renan, et son Ecole sceptique. Paris, 1863.

Magué, C.—Jésus Christ, ou la Vérité vraie dans la question du moment. Paris, 1863.

Marrot, M.—La Vie de M. Renan et le Maudit. Paris, 1863.

Maubert, H.—Nicodème, étude sur M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Maurette, O.—Jésus et la vraie Philosophie. Paris, 1863.

Meignan.—M. Renan réfuté par les Rationalistes Allemandes. Paris, 1864.

Michon, J. H.—Deux Leçons à M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Milsand, Ph.—Bibliographie des Publications relatives au livre de M. Renan, Vie de Jésus. Paris, 1864.

Mirville, J. E.—Le Vrai Secret de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Monot, E.—À propos du livre de M. Renan, la Vie de Jésus. Paris, 1863.

Monsieur Renan en face du miracle; par un Croyant. Paris, 1863.

Olgo, S.—Reflexions d'un orthodoxe de l'Église grecque sur la Vie de Jésus, de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Orsini, L'Abbé.—Réfutation du livre de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Orth, N. J.—La Vie de Jésus, selon M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Pagès, V.—M. Renan et son siècle. Paris, 1863.

Parisis.—Jésus Christ est Dieu: démonstration. Paris, 1863.

Passaglia, P. C.—Étude sur la Vie de Jésus de E. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Pavy.—Observations sur le roman intitulé Vie de Jésus par E. Renan. Paris, 1863.

—— Conference contre le livre de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Pé De Arros, J.—Coup d'œil sur la Vie de Jésus de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Philips, J. P.—Dieu, les miracles, et la science. Paris, 1863.

Pinard, L'Abbé.—Notes à l'usage des lecteurs du Jésus de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Pioger, L. M.—Divinité de Jésus prouvée par les faits. Réponse à M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Plantier.—Un panégyriste de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

—— Instruction pastorale contre la Vie de Jésus par Renan. Paris, 1863.

Potrel, E.—Vie de N. S. Jésus Christ, réponse au livre de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Poujoulat.—Examen de la Vie de Jésus de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Pressensé, E. de.—L'École critique et Jésus Christ, à propos de la Vie de Jésus de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Réville, A.—La Vie de Jésus de M. Renan devant les orthodoxies et devant la critique. Paris, 1863.

Roussel, N.—Le Jésus de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Saas, A.—Épitre à M. E. Renan contre la "Vie de Jésus." Paris, 1863.

Saint-Semmera.—Ecce homo, critique impartiale de la Vie de Jésus de M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Troghoff-Kerbiquet.—La Défense de l'Evangile. Épitre en vers à M. Renan. Paris, 1863.

Vie (la) et la Mort de Jésus, selon Renan. Havet, et Remusat. Paris, 1864.

Réville, A.—De la Redemption. Paris, 1859.

—— Essais de critique religieuse. Paris, 1860.

Saintes, Amand.—Histoire Critique du Rationalisme en Allemagne. Paris, 1841.

Scherer, E.—Mélanges des critiques religieuses. Paris, 1860.

Secrétan, C.—La Raison et le Bonheur. Paris, 1863.

RATIONALISTIC PERIODICALS.

Disciple (le) de Jésus Christ, (Monthly.) Redacteur: M. E. Haag. Paris, 1840-65.

Le Lien; Journal des Eglises réformées de France, (Weekly.) Redacteurs: A. Coquerel, fils; et Étienne Coquerel. Paris, 1862-65.

Nouvelle Revue de Théologie, (Quarterly.) Redacteur: T. Colani. Strasburg, 1858-65.

Revue Germanique, (Monthly.) Paris, 1858-65.

III.—GREAT BRITAIN—UNITED STATES.

Bannermann, J.—Inspiration, the Infallible Truth and Divine Authority of the Holy Scriptures. Edinburgh, 1865.

Barker, T.—Strictures on Maurice's Doctrine of Sacrifice. London, 1858.

Bayne, P.—Testimony of Christ to Christianity. London, 1862.

Beard, T. R.—Voices of the Church in reply to Dr. Strauss. London, 1845.

—— Christ the Interpreter of Scripture. London, 1865.

Bellows, H. W.—Restatements of Christian Doctrine. New York, 1860.

Birks, T. R.—Lectures on Modern Rationalism and Inspiration. London, 1853.

—— The Bible and Modern Thought. With Appendix. London, 1863.

Blake, B.—Infidelity Inexcusable. London, 1855.

Böhm, C. J. T.—Lights and Shadows in the Present Condition of the Church. London, 1860.

Broderick and Freemantle.—Judgments of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. London, 1865.

Candlish, R. S.—Examination of Maurice's "Theological Essays." London, 1854.

—— Reason and Revelation. London, 1859.

Christian Sects in the Nineteenth Century. London, 1850.

Christie, T. W.—Rationalism the Last Scourge to the Church. London, 1861.

Close, F.—The Footsteps of Error traced through a Period of Twenty-Five Years. London, 1863.

Cobbe, Frances Power.—Religious Demands of the Age. Boston, 1863.

Reprint of the Preface to London Ed. of Theo. Parker's Works, which are edited by this Authoress.

—— An Essay on Intuitive Morals. London, 1864.

—— Broken Lights. London, 1864.

A survey of the present condition of Church Parties in England.

—— Religious Duty. London, 1864.

Colenso, Bp.—Village Sermons. London, 1853.

—— St. Paul's Epistle to Romans. Newly Translated. London, 1861.

—— Pentateuch and Book of Joshua critically examined. London, 1862-64.

Works Called forth by the above Commentary.

Alpha.—Bishop Colenso and the Pentateuch. Vindication of the Historical Character of the Old Testament. London, 1863.

Anti-Colenso.—By Johannes Laicus. London, 1863.

Ashpitel, F.—Increase of the Israelites in Egypt shown to be probable from the Statistics of Modern Population; with an Examination of Bishop Colenso's Calculations on the Subject. London, 1863.

Barrister (A).—History against Colenso. Dublin, 1863.

Bartholomew, J.—All Scripture given by Inspiration of God. London, 1863.

Beke, C. T.—A Few Words with Bishop Colenso. London, 1862.

Benisoh, A.—Bishop Colenso's Objections to the Pentateuch and Book of Joshua critically examined. London, 1863.

Biber, G. E.—The Integrity of the Holy Scriptures and their Divine Inspiration and Authority vindicated. London, 1863.

Bible in the Workshop.—By two Working Men. London, 1863.

Bible (the) in the Gospels.—By Alpha. London, 1863.

Biden, J.—Religious Reformation, imperatively demanded. Bishop Colenso's Enquiries answered. London, 1864.

Birks, T. R.—The Exodus of Israel; a Reply to Recent Objections. London, 1863.

Briggs, F. W.—The Two Testimonies. Last objections to Rationalism. Being a Reply to Bishop Colenso's Pentateuch and Book of Joshua. London, 1863.

Browne, G. H.—The Pentateuch and the Elohistic Psalms, in reply to Bishop Colenso. London, 1863.

Bullock, C.—Bible Inspiration. London, 1863.

Candlish, R. S.—Lectures on the Book of Genesis, 3 vols. London, 1862.

Carey, C. S.—The Bible or the Bishop? London, 1863.

Carylon, C.—A few more words addressed to the Bishops, &c. London, 1863.

Chamberlin, W.—A Plain Reply to Bishop Colenso. London, 1863.

Colenso, Bishop.—Letter to the Laity of the Diocese of Natal. London, 1864.

Written on the subject of the Bishop's prosecution.

—— Trial of the Bishop of Natal for erroneous Teaching. Cape Town, 1864.

—— Foreign Missions and Mosaic Traditions. A Lecture. London, 1865.

Cumming, J.—Moses Right and Bishop Colenso Wrong. Popular Lectures in Weekly Numbers. London, 1863.

Davidson, P.—The Pentateuch vindicated from the Objections and Misrepresentations of Bishop Colenso. London, 1863.

Drew, G. S.—Bishop Colenso's Examination of the Pentateuch Examined. London, 1863.

Family of Judah: a Refutation of Colenso's First Objection to the Pentateuch. By a Layman. London, 1863.

Fowle, W. H.—A Few Remarks on Bishop Colenso on the Pentateuch. London, 1863.

Fowler, F. W.—Vindex Pentateuchi. An Answer to Bishop Colenso on the Pentateuch. London, 1863.

Garland, G. V.—Plain possible Solutions of the Objections to Bishop Colenso on the Pentateuch. London, 1863.

Gaussen, L.—The Canon of Holy Scripture. London, 1863.

Gibson, J.—Present Truths in Theology. 2 vols. Glasgow, 1863.

Green, W. H.—The Pentateuch vindicated from the Aspersions of Bishop Colenso. New York, 1863.

Gresswell, E.—Objections of Bishop Colenso. Part I. considered. London, 1863.

Griffin, J. N.—Dr. Colenso and the Pentateuch. Dublin, 1863.

Hare, W. H.—Letter to Bishop Colenso. London, 1863.

Haycroft, N.—Moses and Colenso; or, the Divine Authority of the Books of Moses and the Objections of Dr. Colenso. London, 1863.

Higginson, E.—The Spirit of the Bible. 2 vols. London, 1863.

Hill, M.—Christ, or Colenso: a full Reply to Bishop Colenso's Objections. London, 1863.

Hirschfelder, J. M.—The Scriptures Defended. Reply to Colenso. Toronto, 1864.

Historic (The) Character of the Pentateuch Vindicated; Reply to Part I. of Bishop Colenso's "Critical Examination." Lond., 1863.

Hoare, W. H.—Letter to Bishop Colenso. London, 1863.

Houghton, W.—Some of Bp. Colenso's objections examined. London, 1863.

Ingram, G. S.—Bishop Colenso answered. London, 1863.

Jewish (A) Reply to Dr. Colenso's Criticism on the Pentateuch. London, 1865.

Jones, E. R.—Christ's Testimony to Moses. London, 1863.

Jones, Sir W.—Christianity and Common Sense. London, 1863.

Jukes, A.—The Types of Genesis considered. London, 1863.

Kirkus, W.—Orthodoxy, Scripture, and Reason. London, 1864.

Layman (A) of the Ch. of England. Historical Character of the Pentateuch. Reply to Colenso's "Critical Examination." London, 1863.

Layman (A).—New Testament and the Pentateuch. London, 1863.

McCaul, A.—An Examination of Bishop Colenso's Difficulties with regard to the Pentateuch. London, 1864.

McCaul, J. B.—Bishop Colenso's Criticism criticised. London, 1863.

McNeile, H.—Historical Veracity of the Pentateuch. London, 1863.

Mahan, M.—Spiritual Point of View; an Answer to Bishop Colenso. New York, 1863.

Mann, J. H.—Moses defended against the Attacks of Dr. Colenso. London, 1863.

Marsh, J. B.—Is the Pentateuch Historically True? Lond., 1863.

Marshall, Judge.—Full Review and Exposure of Bishop Colenso's Errors and Miscalculations in his work. London, 1864.

Maurice, F. D.—Claims of the Bible and of Science. Lond., 1864.

Moon, R.—The Pentateuch and Book of Joshua considered with Reference to the Objections of the Bishop of Natal. Lond., 1863.

Moore, D.—Divine Authority of the Pentateuch Vindicated. London, 1864.

Moreau, E. B.—Examination of some of Bishop Colenso's Objections. London, 1863.

Mosaic Origin of the Pentateuch, in connection with Parts 2 and 3 of Bishop Colenso's Critical Examination. London, 1864.

Mozley, J. B.—Subscription to the Articles. London, 1863.

Ollivant, A.—A Second Letter to the Clergy of Llandaff. London, 1863.

Page, J. R.—The Pretensions of Bishop Colenso considered. London, 1863.

Palmee, G.—Scripture Facts and Scientific Doubts. London, 1863.

Pentateuch (the) and its Opponents. London, 1863.

Phillpot, H.—The Textual Witness to the Truth and Divine Authority of the Pentateuch. London, 1863.

Possibilities of Creation. London, 1862.

Post, J.—The Bible for All. London, 1862.

Presbyter Anglicanus.—Critical Analysis of the Pentateuch. London, 1863.

Pritchard, C.—Vindiciæ Mosaicæ. London, 1863.

Rask, R.—A Short Tractate on the Longevity ascribed to the Patriarchs. London, 1863.

Rationalism Unphilosophical, and Faith the Gift of God. London, 1863.

Remarks on Bishop Colenso's Work; or, Rationalism Shown to be Irrational. London, 1863.

Rogers, B. B.—Free Inquiry into Colenso's Difficulties. Lond., 1863.

Rogers, H.—A Vindication of Bishop Colenso. Edinburgh, 1863.

Savile, B. W.—Man; or, the Old and New Philosophy. Lond., 1863.

The author controverts the views of Darwin, Owen, Huxley, Bunsen, Colenso, and others.

Scott, W. A.—Moses and the Pentateuch: a Reply to Bishop Colenso. London, 1863.

Silver, A.—The Holy Word in its own Defense: addressed to Bishop Colenso. New York, 1863.

Sinclair, J.—On Free Thought. London, 1865.

Spry, W. J.—Bishop Colenso and the Descent of Jacob into Egypt. Pt. I. London, 1863.

Stanley, A. P.—A letter to the Lord Bishop of London on the State of Subscription in the Church of England and in the University of Oxford. London, 1863.

Swete, H. B.—What is the Right Method of conducting the Defense of the Old Testament in the Rationalistic Controversy which has come upon the Church? London, 1863.

Taylor, I.—Considerations on the Pentateuch. London, 1863.

Thornton, T.—Life of Moses. London, 1863.

Turner, J. B.—An Answer to the Difficulties in Bishop Colenso's Book on the Pentateuch. London, 1863.

Tyler, T.—Christ the Lord; with a Reply to Bishop Colenso. London, 1863.

What is Truth? A Letter to Bishop Colenso. London, 1864.

Wickes, W.—Moses or the Zulu? London, 1863.

Wordsworth, C.—Inspiration of the Bible. London, 1863.

Davidson, Dr. S.—Treatise on Biblical Criticism. London, 1855.

Dewar, E. H.—Brief History of German Theology. London, 1844.

Donaldson, T. W.—Essay on Christian Orthodoxy. London, 1857.

Draper, J. W.—Intellectual Development of Europe. New York, 1863.

Elliott, W.—Old Theology the True Theology. London, 1861.

Essays and Reviews. London, 1861.

Works arising from the above Oxford Essays.

Aids to Faith, Replies to Essays and Reviews. London, 1863.

Baylay, C. F. R.—"Essays and Reviews" compared with Reason. London, 1861.

Buchanan, J.—"Essays and Reviews" Examined. London, 1861.

Close, F.—Critical Examination of "Essays and Reviews." London, 1861.

Denison, G. A.—Analysis of "Essays and Reviews." London, 1861.

Dialogues on Essays and Reviews. London, 1862.

Girdlestone, E.—Remarks on Essays and Reviews. Lond., 1861.

Jelf, R. W.—Evidence of Unsoundness in Essays and Reviews. London, 1861.

Kennard, R. B.—Essays and Reviews. Protest addressed to the Bishop of Salisbury. London, 1861.

—— The Essays and Reviews: their Origin, History, General Character and Significance, Persecution, Prosecution, the Judgment of the Arches Court, Review of Judgment. London, 1863.

Lushington, S.—Judgment delivered on Essays and Reviews. London, 1862.

Milton, J.—Prophecy of Essays and Reviews and his Judgment. London, 1861.

Moberly, G.—Remarks on Essays and Reviews. London, 1861.

Replies to Essays and Reviews, by Goulburn, Rose, and others. London, 1862.

Worn-Out Neology.—Strictures upon Essays and Reviews. London, 1861.

Farrar, A. S.—A Critical History of Free Thought in Reference to the Christian Religion. London, 1863.

Fisher, G. P.—Essays on the supernatural Origin of Christianity. With special reference to the Works of Renan, Strauss, and the Tübingen School. New York, 1865.

Frankland, B.—Intuitionalism; or, Insufficiency of Pure Reason. London, 1861.

Frothingham, O. B.—Tales from the Patriarchs. Boston, 1864.

Furness, W. H.—Jesus and his Biographers. Boston, 1838.

Gage, J. A.—The Life of Jesus a Fact, not a Fiction. A Response to M. Renan's Vie de Jésus. London, 1863.

Garbett, E.—Bible and its Critics. Boyle Lectures for 1861. Lond., 1861.

Goulburn, E. M.—Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures. London, 1857.

Greg, W. R.—The Creed of Christendom. London, 1863.

Hamilton, W. T.—Defense of the Pentateuch against Scepticism. London, 1852.

Hebert, C.—Neology not True and Truth not New. 2d Ed. London, 1861.

Hedge, F. H.—Reason in Religion. Boston, 1865.

Heurtly, C. A.—Inspiration of Holy Scriptures. London, 1861.

Hooker, W.—Philosophy of Unbelief. New York.

Hughes, T.—Religio Laici. London, 1861.

Irrationalism of Infidelity, a Reply to Newman's "Phases." London, 1853.

James, H.—The Old and New Theology. London, 1861.

Jelf, W. E.—Supremacy of Scripture, a Letter to Dr. Temple. London, 1861.

Kingsley, C.—Sermons for the Times. London, 1858.

—— Sermons; Good News of God. London, 1859.

Langford, J. A.—Religions Skepticism and Infidelity. London, 1850.

Lecky, W. E. H.—History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe. 2 vols. London, 1865.

Lee, W.—Recent Forms of Unbelief; Some Account of Renan's Vie de Jésus. London, 1864.

McCaul, A.—Rationalism and Deistic Infidelity. Three Letters. London, 1861.

McCombie, W.—Modern Civilization in Relation to Christianity. London, 1863.

Mackay, R. W.—The Tübingen School and its Antecedents: a Review of the History and Present Condition of Modern Theology. London.

—— Rise and Progress of Christianity. London, 1854.

Malan, S. C.—Philosophy or Truth? London, 1865.

Mansel, H. L.—Limits of Religious Thought; Bampton Lectures. London, 1859.

—— Examination of Maurice's Stricture on Bampton Lecture. London, 1859.

Maurice, F. D.—Claims of the Bible and of Science. London, 1862.

—— Theological Essays. 2d Ed. London, 1853.

—— What is Revelation? London, 1859.

Miall, E.—Basis of Belief: Examination of Christianity. London, 1861.

Nelson, D.—Infidelity; its Cause and Cure. London, 1853.

Newman, F. W.—Phases of Faith. London, 1860.

—— Essays towards a Church of the Future. London, 1854.

—— Theism, Doctrinal and Practical. London, 1858.

—— The Soul: its Sorrows and Aspirations. London, 1861.

—— Sermons on Theory of Religious Belief. London, 1844.

—— Development of Christian Doctrine. London, 1846.

Noyes, G. N.—Theological Essays. 3d Ed. Boston, 1860.

This work contains essays by Rowland Williams, Jowett, Powell, Stanley, and others. It advocates the Broad Church theories.

O'Connor, W. A.—Miracles not Antecedently Incredible. London, 1861.

Palmer, G.—Scripture Facts and Scientific Doubts. Edinburgh, 1863.

A Defense of Scripture from the objections of Geologists, Statisticians, and others.

Parker, Theo.—Discourses on Religion. Boston, 1842.

—— Sermons on Theism, Atheism, and Popular Theology. Boston, 1853.

—— Ten Sermons on Religion. Boston, 1853.

—— World of Matter and Mind. Boston, 1865.

Extracts from unpublished sermons.

Parkinson, R.—Rationalism and Revelation. London, 1838.

Paton, J. B.—A Review of the "Vie de Jésus" of M. Renan. London, 1864.

Peabody, A. P.—Christianity the Religion of Nature. Boston, 1863.

Pearson, T.—Infidelity. Republished from London Ed. in N. Y., 1853.

Porter, J. L.—The Pentateuch and the Gospel. London, 1864.

Progress of Religious Thought, as illustrated in the Protestant Church of France. Ed. by J. R. Beard. London, 1861.

This work contains essays by Messrs. Colani, Scholten, Réville, Scherer, and Renan.

Pusey, E. B.—Historical Inquiry into German Rationalism. London, 1828.

—— Daniel the Prophet. London, 1865.

Rationalism and Revelation.—(Anon.) London, 1865.

Religious Aspects of the Age. New York, 1858.

Rigg, J. H.—Modern Anglican Theology. London, 1859.

Ripley.—Latest Forms of Infidelity. Boston, 1840.

Robins, S.—Defense of the Faith: Forms of Unbelief. London, 1861.

Rose, H. J.—State of Protestantism in Germany. 2d Ed. London, 1829.

Ryder, A. G.—Scriptural Doctrine of Acceptance with God, considered in reference to Neologian Hermeneutics. London, 1865.

Sawyer, L. A.—Daniel with its Apocryphal Additions. Boston, 1863.

Schaff, P.—Germany; its Theology, &c. Philada., 1857.

—— The Person of Christ; The Miracle of History, with a Reply to Strauss and Renan. Boston, 1865.

One of the best of the recent replies to the Rationalists.

Schaff and Roussell.—The Christ of the Gospels, and the Romance of M. Renan. London, 1864.

Schmucker, S. M.—Errors of Modern Infidelity Refuted. Phila., 1848.

Seaman, M.—Christian Armed against Infidelity. London, 1837.

Sewell, W.—On the Inspiration of the Holy Scripture. London, 1861.

Smith, C.—Prize Essays on Infidelity. London, 1861.

Smith, G.—Rational Religion and Objections of Bampton Lectures for '58. London, 1861.

Squier, M. P.—Reason and the Bible. New York, 1860.

Stanley, A. P.—The Bible: Its Form and Substance. London, 1865.

Taylor, J. J.—Retrospect of Religious Life in England. 1845.

Testimony of Skeptics to the Truth of Christianity. London, 1861.

Thompson, R. A.—Christian Theism. London, 1863.

Tracts for Priests and People, by various writers, 1st and 2d series. London, 1862.

Tucker, L.—Lectures on Infidelity. New York, 1837.

Tullidge, H.—Triumphs of the Bible. New York, 1863.

A defense of Scripture against the objections of the Skeptical Scientific School.

Walker, J. B.—Philosophy of Skepticism and Ultraism. New York, 1857.

Walther, D.—Reply to Newman's Phases of Faith. London, 1851.

Whately, Abp.—Essays on Dangers to Christian Faith. London, 1857.

Westfield, T. C.—Seven Essays on Universal Science, embracing Investigations of the Mosaic Cosmogony, and the Interpretation of the Scriptures. London, 1863.

A Defense of the Harmony of Science and Revelation.

Williams, R.—Rational Godliness after the Mind of Christ. Lond., 1855.

Woodman, W.—Is the Bible a Divine Revelation? London, 1862.

Woodsworth, C.—Inspiration of the Bible. Five Lectures. London, 1862.

Young, J.—Christ of History: an Argument. 3d Ed. London, 1861.

—— Province of Reason; a Criticism on Mansel. London, 1860.

Young, J. R.—Modern Skepticism, viewed in Relation to Modern Science. London, 1865.

This work is an excellent answer to the doctrines of Colenso, Huxley, Lyell, and Darwin, respecting the Noachian Deluge, the Antiquity of Man, and the Origin of Species.

LITERATURE OF UNITARIANISM AND UNIVERSALISM.

For the bibliography of the Trinitarian Controversy in England, extending through the former half of the eighteenth century, consult Watts' Bibliotheca Britannica, 4 vols. Edinburgh, 1824; and Biographia Britannica, 7 vols. folio, 1747. Concerning the discussion on 1 John, v. 7, consult Darling, Cyclopædia Bibliographia; London, 1854. For other Unitarian publications, in addition to those mentioned below, see Beard, Unitarianism in its Actual Condition, pp. 327-29.

The following table of Unitarian and Universalist Literature has reference to only two doctrines: the Trinity and Future Punishment.

Baker, A.—Our God a Consuming Fire. London, 1864.

Barclay, J.—Socinianism and Irvingism Refuted. London, 1845.

Barling, J.—Review of Trinitarianism. London, 1847.

Barlow, J. W.—Eternal Punishment and Eternal Death. London, 1864.

Barret, B. F.—Letters on the Divine Trinity. New York, 1860.

—— Christ the Interpreter of Scripture. London, 1865.

Beard, J. R.—Historic and Artistic Illustrations of the Trinity. London, 1864.

—— Unitarianism in its Actual Condition. London, 1849.

—— Reasons why I am a Unitarian. London, 1860.

Bellows, H. W.—Phi Beta Kappa Oration. 1853.

Until the middle of the year 1850, this author was the principal writer for the Christian Inquirer, New York.

Belsham, T.—Calm Inquiry into Script. Doctrine concerning the Person of Christ.

Brooks, E. G.—Universalism a Practical Power. New York, 1863.

Brothers' Controversy on Unitarian Opinions. London, 1835.

Burnap, G. W.—Unitarianism. Boston, 1855.

—— Trinity. Boston, 1845.

—— Evidences. Boston, 1855.

Carpenter, L.—Examination of the Charges against Unitarians. Bristol, 1820.

Channing, W. E.—Complete Works. 6 vols. Boston, 1841-46.

Channing, W. H.—Memoir of W. E. Channing. 3 vols, 1843.

Clark, D. W.—Man all Immortal. Cincinnati, 1864.

Coute, J.—Essays on Socinianism. London, 1850.

Denison, H. M.—Review of Unitarian Views. Louisville, Ky., 1855.

Dewey, O.—Discourses; Controv. Theol., etc. 6 vols. 1846-47-63.

Dexter, H. M.—Verdict of Reason on the question of the Impenitent Dead. Boston, 1865.

Disney, J.—Remarks on Tomline's Charge. London, 1812.

—— Sermons. 4 vols. London, 1793-1818.

Ellis, G. E.—Half Century of the Unitarian Controversy. Boston, 1857.

Farley, F. A.—Unitarianism Defined. Boston, 1860.

Furness, W. H.—Jesus and His Biographers. Boston, 1838.

—— History of Jesus. Boston, 1850.

—— Veil Partly Lifted. 1864.

The author repudiates the atonement. "The doctrine of the Atonement," says he, "which is especially cherished as the distinguishing idea of Christianity, is only a form of the radical error from which false religion has sprung ever since the world began; the error, namely, of supposing that human guilt is to be expiated, not by change of character, but by offerings and sacrifices." The sacrifice of Christ "is the world-old error, thinly disguised, culminating in its most monstrous form. Even if it were new, it has no place among the teachings of Jesus. He never taught this nor any of its associated dogmas. Not a word of his gives them the slightest color of authority." Pp. 4, 5. Such language comes with an ill grace from one who attacks M. Renan. See Chapter on Christ's "childlikeness." Wherein, we ask, is the Frenchman worse than the Philadelphian?

Gage, W. L.—Trinitarian Sermons to a Unitarian Congregation. Boston, 1860.

Hare, E.—Principal Doctrines of Christianity Defended against the Errors of Socinianism. New York.

Hovey, A.—State of Impenitent Dead. Boston, 1859.

Hudson, C. F.—Debt and Grace. Boston, 1857.

—— Human Destiny; a Critique of Universalism. Boston, 1861.

Job the Abbot.—Reasons for Abandoning Trinitarian Doctrines. London, 1841.

Jones, T.—Immanuel; or, Scriptural views of Jesus Christ. Lond., 1856.

Kenrick, T.—Unitarian Exposition of the New Testament. New York.

Ker, W.—The Popular Views of Immortality, Everlasting Punishment, and the State of Separate Souls, brought to the Test of Scripture. London, 1865.

Kidd, W. J.—Reflections on Unitarianism. London, 1835.

Kohlman, A.—Complete Refutation of Unitarianism. Washington, 1821.

Lake, C. W.—The Inspiration of Scripture and Eternal Punishment. London, 1864.

Landis, R. W.—Immortality of the Soul, and Final Condition of the wicked. New York, 1859.

One of the best arguments in favor of Eternal Punishment.

Lardner, N.—Complete Works. 17 vols. London, 1727-57.

Letters on Nature and Duration of Future Punishment. London, 1835.

Lindsey, T.—Apology. London, 1774.

—— Sequel. London, 1776.

—— Historical View of Unitarian Doctrine from Reformation. London, 1783.

—— Vindiciæ Priestlianæ. London, 1788.

Martineau, J.—Rationale of Religious Inquiry. London, 1839.

—— Endeavors after the Christian Life, 2 vols. London, 1843.

—— Studies of Christianity. London, 1858.

Mattison, H.—Immortality of the Soul. Philadelphia, 1865.

Mellis, J.—Lectures on Points of the Unitarian Controversy. London, 1846.

Minton, S.—Lectures on Unitarianism. London, 1847.

Mitchell, E.—The Christian Universalist. New Haven, 1833.

Monsell, C. A.—Sermons: Temporal Punishment of Sin. London, 1845.

Moore, D.—The Age and the Gospel: to which is added a Discourse on Final Retribution. London, 1865.

Morse, J.—True Reasons. Boston, 1805.

—— Appeal to the Public. Boston, 1814.

Mortlock, E.—Sermons on Doctrine of the Trinity. London, 1844.

Nemesis Sacra.—Inquiries into Scriptural Doctrine of Retribution. London, 1856.

Newton, Sir I.—Views on Points of Unitarian Doctrine. Republished. London, 1856.

Noel, B. W.—Christianity compared with Unitarianism. London, 1851.

Norton, A.—True and False Religion; in Christian Disciple. 1820-'22.

—— Genuineness of the Gospels, 3 vols. Boston, 1851-'54.

—— Tracts concerning Christianity. Cambridge, 1852.

—— Internal Evidences. Boston, 1855.

—— Statement of Reasons. Boston, 1856.

Orr.—Unitarianism in the Present Time. Boston, 1863.

Osgood, S.—Christian Biography. New York, 1851.

—— The Coming Church and its Clergy. 1858.

Palfrey, J. G.—Evidences of Christianity. Boston, 1843.

Peabody, A. P.—Christian Doctrine. Boston, 1844.

—— Christianity the Religion of Nature. Boston, 1863.

Power, J. H.—Exposition of Universalism. New York.

Price, R.—Dissertations on Provid. Christianity. London, 1772.

—— Sermons on Christian Doctrine. London, 1787.

Priestley, J.—Defenses of Unitarianism, 2 vols. London, 1787-89.

For full account of this writer's many works, consult Darling, Cyclopædia Bibliographica, pp. 2454-58.

Salmon, G.—The Eternity of Future Punishment. London, 1865.

Sherlock, W.—An Essay on Future Punishment. London, 1865.

Short Reasons for Belief in the Divinity of Christ. London, 1843.

Soper, E.—Doctrine of the Trinity proved from Scripture. London. 1853.

Sprague, W. B.—Annals of the American Unit. Pulpit. New York, 1865.

Stuart, M.—Exegetical Essays on Future Punishment. London, 1848.

Thayer.—Theology of Universalism. Boston, 1862.

Thompson, J. P.—Love and Penalty. New York, 1865.

Thompson, S.—Scripture Refutation of Unitarianism. London, 1838.

Turner, W.—Lives of eminent Unitarians. London, 1840-3.

Unitarian, How I became a.—By a Clergyman of the Protestant E. Church. Boston, 1852.

Universalism against Itself.—Cincinnati, O.

Universalismus, Dee.—Gott alles in Allen. Stuttgart, 1862.

Ware, H.—Complete Works. Boston, 1847.

Ware, W.—Letters to Trinitarians and Calvinists. Boston, 1820.

—— American Unitarian Biography. Boston, 1850.

Whately, A.—Scriptural Revelation respecting Future State. Lond., 1858.

Whitman, B.—Friendly Letters to a Universalist. Boston, 1850.

Whittemore, T.—History of Universalism. New Ed. Vol. I. Boston, 1860.

Williamson, H.—Exposition and Defense of Universalism. New York, 1840.

Wilson, J.—Scripture Proofs of Unitarianism. Boston.

Woods, L.—Letters to Unitarians, and Reply to Dr. Ware. New York.

Worcester, N.—Review of Testimonies, etc., in Bible News. Boston, 1810.

—— Address to Trinitarian Clergy. Boston, 1814.

Yates.—Vindication of Unitarianism, 4th Ed. London, 1850.

UNITARIAN PERIODICALS.

Christian Examiner, Boston.

Christian Inquirer, New York.

Christian Register, Boston.

Journal of American Unit. Assoc., Boston.

Monthly Christian Register, Boston.

Monthly Religious Magazine, Boston.

Religious Educator, Boston.

UNIVERSALIST PERIODICALS.

Broad Church Pulpit, New York.

Christian Ambassador, New York.

Christian Freeman, Boston.

Christian Repository, Montpelier, Vt.

Gospel Banner, Augusta, Me.

Herald and Era, Indianapolis, Ind.

Manford's Magazine, St. Louis, Mo.

Myrtle, Boston.

Ladies' Repository, Boston.

Star in the West, Cincinnati, O.

Star of the Pacific, Petaluma, Cal.

Trumpet, Boston.

Universalist Herald, Montgomery, Ala.

Universalist Quarterly, Boston.

Young Christian, Cincinnati, O.

Youths' Friend, Cincinnati, O.

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For full bibliographical accounts of the controversy between the orthodox theologians of New England and the Unitarians, during the present century; and of the discussion on the Person of Christ provoked by the speculations of Horace Bushnell, consult Hagenbach, History of Doctrines, Smith's Ed. New York, 1862.

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INDEX.

• Abrest, Peter, his exegetical labors, [345].
• Age, present, declared Rationalistic by Lecky, [23].
• America, relations between France and, [536].
• American Church, peculiarities of, [536].
• Influenced by skeptical denominations, [571].
• Duty of the American Church to guard against infidelity, [575].
• American civilization, undergoing a change, [576].
• Andreä, John Valentine; poverty and early difficulties, [53].
• His satire on the Church, [53].
• Excitement produced by it, [54].
• Service rendered by it, [54].
• Quotation from Andreä's Christianopolis, [61].
• Satire on the degenerate preaching of his time, [71-73].
• Apostolical Succession, a doctrine of the High Church, [514].
• Arndt, John; his service to the Church; work on True Christianity; motives leading him to write, [49].
• Reception of his work by the people, [50].
• Arndt's calm spirit, [50].
• He was charged with mysticism, [50].
• Opposition to him, [51].
• Popularity of his book, [51].
• Arnold, Gottfried, the historian of Pietism, [98].
• His history of Churches and Heretics, [98].
• Charged with Separatism, [98].
• He contended for the unification of Mysticism and Pietism, [98].
• Arnold, Thomas, his Sermons, [521].
• His opinions, [521-523].
• Atonement, Unitarian opinion of, [550], [551].
• Auberlen on mission of Pietism, testimony of, [86-88].
• Augsburg Confession, [38].
• August, Karl. His care to secure the society of distinguished literary men around his court, [169], [170].

• Bahrdt, his deceit and blasphemy, [139].
• His works, [140].
• His condition when at Giessen, [140].
• His rapid decline, [141].
• He engaged in numerous enterprises, [141].
• Became an inn-keeper at Halle, [142].
• His wretched death, [142].
• He was the climax of French skepticism in Germany, [142].
• Basedow. An innovation in German education, [184].
• His publications in favor of a new system, [184].
• His visionary plans, [185].
• Popular indorsement of his impracticable plans, [185].
• His final fall, [186], [187].
• Baumgarten, the connecting link between Pietism and Rationalism, [111].
• He succeeded Wolf at Halle, [111].
• His extensive acquirements, [111], [112].
• He favored the introduction of English Deism, [117].
• Baur F. C., his works divided into two classes, [278].
• His views of the early church, [278-280].
• Becker, the extreme Rationalism contained in his juvenile publications, [190-192].
• Bekker, Balthazer, a disciple of Des Cartes, [347].
• His World Bewitched, [347].
• His excommunication, and personal appearance, [347], [348].
• Bellows, against orthodoxy, [545], [546].
• Opposes original sin, [548-550].
• Belsham, his work on American Unitarianism, [539], [540].
• Bengel, his purpose to lead the people to a better understanding of the Bible, [101].
• Kahnis' appreciation of Bengel, [101].
• Bethmann-Hollweg, influence on the Church Diet, [319].
• Bilderdyk, at the head of the modern school of Dutch poetry, [359].
• Boehme, Jacob, shoemaker at Gorlitz; his pure purposes, [46];
• his mysterious life, [47];
• method of composition, [47];
• description by himself of his seasons of ecstasy, [48];
• his Aurora, [48];
• last words, [49].
• Bolingbroke, introducing the French spirit into England in the Eighteenth Century, [442].
• His principles, [442], [443].
• Broad Church, has lately acquired great influence, [531].
• First Broad Church corresponds with Philosophical Rationalism, [519].
• Its tenets, [528], [529], [530].
• Second Broad Church is thoroughly Rationalistic, [530].
• Points of difference from the First Broad Church, [531].
• Bunsen, his Biblical Researches re-reviewed in Essays and Reviews, [485-487].

• Calixtus, George, as a theologian, [40];
• professor at Helmstedt, [41];
• travels, and literary style, [41];
• impression made upon his mind by prevailing controversies, [41];
• his ardent desire to unite conflicting elements, [41];
• his sorrow at the abuse of preaching, [41], [42];
• advice on preaching, [42];
• his Chief Points of the Christian Religion, [43];
• accusations against him, [44];
• his fruitless labors, [44].
• Testimony on neglect of children, [64], [65].
• Campe's influence upon the youth of Germany, [188].
• His works, [188].
• Capadose, an agent in the revival in the Dutch Church, [359].
• Carlyle, Thomas, parent of Literary Rationalism in England, [473].
• Derived his system from the German philosophers, [473].
• Opinions, [473-476].
• His influence upon the young, [475], [476].
• Vicious influence of his sentiments, [477].
• Channing, W. Ellery, leader of American Unitarianism, [541].
• His works, [541].
• Mental transitions, [542].
• Repudiation of orthodoxy, [542].
• His opinions, [543], [544].
• Chantepie de la Saussaye, one of the leaders of the Ethical-Irenical School in the Dutch Church, [375].
• Preaches in Rotterdam, [376].
• Assisted in forming society called Seriousness and Peace, [376].
• His work on modern materialism, [379].
• His opinions, [379], [380].
• His view of the future of the Church, [380].
• Charities of Protestant Germany, [311].
• They do not interfere with each other, [331].
• Charities of French Protestantism, [423].
• Christ, opinions of German Rationalists on person of, [214-217].
• Life of Christ described by numerous replies to Strauss, [274], [275].
• Christianity, Theo. Parker's view of, [567], [568].
• Chubb, his three principles, [115], [116].
• Church and State, union of, presupposes great purity, [535].
• Church, affiliations of Rationalism with the German, [26], [27].
• The church has yet to vanquish thoroughly the attacks upon her faith, [35].
• Condition of the German Church when Rationalism was at its height, [197].
• Reconstruction of the church by Frederic William III., [230], [231].
• Church history, improved indirectly by the labors of the Rationalists, [581-583].
• Church of England, two parties in, [507].
• Tabular view of the clergy of the Established Church, [532].
• Classes in Germany, immorality of higher, [77], [78].
• Clergy, immorality of German, in seventeenth century, [73], [74], [76], [note].
• The clergy were the agents of spiritual declension in Germany, [76].
• Cocceian Controversy, literature of, [337].
• The excitement occasioned by the conflict, [343].
• Cocceians and Voetians, the leading parties in the Dutch Church, [340].
• Principles of each, [340].
• Cocceians studied the Scriptures, but differed from the text, [341].
• Cocceius, opponent of Scholasticism in the Dutch Church, [336].
• Studies and early writings, [336], [337].
• Professor in Leyden University, [337].
• His opinion on the Sabbath, [337].
• Disciples, [337].
• Charges against Cocceius, [337], [338].
• Agreement between him and Descartes, [338].
• Colani, one of principal theologians of French Critical School. His opinions, [401], [402].
• Colenso, Bishop John William, resemblance between him and Wolff, [107], [108].
• His work on the Pentateuch and Book of Joshua, [499].
• His criticisms, [499-503].
• Excitement occasioned by his work, [503].
• Judicial proceedings against Colenso, [503-505].
• Literature of the Controversy occasioned by him, [599-602], Appendix.
• Colenso's return to Southern Africa without a people or a clergy, [505].
• Testimony of a Mussulman against him, [506].
• Coleridge, opinions of, [455-462].
• His struggles, [457].
• Definitions and distinctions of Coleridge, [460], [461].
• His school, [462].
• Compensations of history, [453].
• Composition, method of literary, in Germany in 17th century, [67].
• Comte, [390].
• Conferences, French Protestant, their recent action in favor of orthodoxy, [419-421].
• Confessions, union of Lutheran and Reformed, [231].
• Controversy, Antinomian, Adiaphoristic, Synergistic, Osiandric, Crypto-Calvinistic, [39].
• Syncretistic controversy, [40].
• Coquerel, A., Jr., editor of the Lien, [406].
• Refusal of the Presbyterial Council to re-appoint him as suffragan in a Protestant pulpit in Paris, [407].
• His opinions, [407], [408].
• His christology, [408], [409].
• Courts, licentiousness of German, during the Thirty Years' war, [78], [79].
• Extravagance on matrimonial and baptismal occasions, [79], [80].

• Da Costa, an agent in the revival in the Dutch Church, [359].
• De Cock, leader of the secession from the Dutch Church, [362].
• Results of his expulsion by ecclesiastical authority, [363].
• Deism, English, defined by Lechler, [113].
• The principle on which it started, [113].
• Its superiority to the Deism of France, [113].
• Its origin due to prominence given to nature by Lord Bacon, [114].
• German opposition to English Deism, [114].
• Rapid progress of Deism in Germany, [117].
• Foreign infidelity hastened by the quibbles of orthodox theologians, [125].
• English Deism influencing the Dutch Church, [350-352].
• Did not possess advantages equal to those of German Rationalism, [440].
• Deism, French, coöperating with English Deism, toward the overthrow of orthodoxy in Germany, [122].
• Deists, English, translations of their works into the German Language, [117].
• Translations into Dutch, [351], [352].
• De Pressensé prophesies good results from Renan's Life of Jesus, [406].
• Leader of evangelical theologians in the French Church, [411].
• Edits the Revue Chrétienne, [411].
• His opinions, [412-415].
• Opposes the union of Church and State, [415].
• Remarks on the beneficial results of Renan's Life of Jesus, [585], [586].
• Descartes, apostle of French Rationalism, [338], [339], [389].
• De Wette, twofold character of his opinion, [246], [247].
• His opinion of John, the Evangelist, [247].
• View of the Scriptures, [248].
• His theological novel, [248].
• Dinter, a skeptical writer for children, [189], [190].
• Dogmatism, one of the elements of the degeneracy of the Dutch Church, [336].
• Dorner, his complex style, [290].
• His work on the Person of Christ, [290-292].
• Conception of Christianity, [290].
• Doubt, religious, and innovation, must be estimated by four considerations, [32].

• Edelmann, Kahnis' testimony concerning him, [138], [139].
• Education in Germany, defects of, [184].
• Edwards, Jonathan, successor of Stoddard, at Northampton, [538].
• Emlyn, his Scripture account of Jesus Christ, [539].
• Empirical-Modern School in the Dutch Church, [371].
• It has few points of sympathy with evangelical Christianity, [374].
• Its principles, [374], [375].
• English Church in the eighteenth century, low state of, [449-452].
• Condition of English Church at the Peace of 1815, [454].
• English literature in the eighteenth century, character of, [440], [441].
• Brilliant writers, [441].
• English literature influenced by the French spirit, [441].
• Epicureanism prevalent in Germany before the Thirty Years' War, [78].
• Ernesti, the classic scholar of his day, [126], [127].
• Essays and Reviews, theology of, [482-495].
• Opinions of evangelical German, theologians on the Essays and Reviews, [495], [496].
• Publications called forth by that work, [497], [Appendix].
• Judicial proceedings against the authors of the Essays and Reviews, [497], [498].
• Literature arising from the publication of the Essays and Reviews, [603], Appendix.
• Ethical-Irenical School in the Dutch Church, [375].
• Its leaders, [375].
• Ethics in the Dutch Church, corruption of, [335].
• Evangelical Church Diet of Germany, [318].
• Occasion of its organization, [318], [319].
• First session, [320-322].
• Practical result of the first session, [322], [323].
• Enlargement of operations, [323].
• Evangelical Church Gazette, [101], [102].
• Evangelical Dissenting Church of Switzerland, rise of, [428].
• Evangelical French School, [411].
• Led by E. De Pressensé, [411].
• Defended by Guizot, [416].
• Fruits of the labors of the evangelical French theologians, [419].
• Their success evident in the recent action of the Protestant Conferences, [419-421].
• Evangelizing agencies in France, [422-424].

• Falk, at Weimar, [312], [313].
• He was affected by the havoc of Napoleon's army, [313].
• Established a Reformatory for children, [314].
• His various benefactions, [315].
• Farrar, his description of the Wolffian philosophy, [110], [111].
• Feuerbach, his radical Skepticism, [282].
• Fichte, relation to Kant, [163].
• His system, [163].
• His Addresses to the German People, and influence of that work, [222], [223].
• Fliedner, established a Deaconess Institute, [316].
• Its influence in other countries, [316], [317].
• Formula Concordiæ, [39], [40].
• France, adoption of English Deism by, [117].
• Irreligion in France during the reign of Louis XIV., [117], [118].
• Francke, Augustus Hermann, testimony on neglect of Scriptural studies, [69].
• His temperament, [93].
• Purity of his purpose, [94].
• His account of his conversion, [94].
• His pulpit ministrations in Halle, [95].
• His Introduction to the Old Testament, Hermeneutical Lectures and Method of Theological Study, [95].
• He founded the Orphan House at Halle, [95].
• The gradual establishment of that institution, [95], [96].
• Condition of the Orphan House after Francke's death, [96], [note].
• Theological instruction by Francke and his coadjutors, [96].
• Prolific power of the Orphan House, [97], [98].
• Francken, his Kernel of Divinity, [346].
• Frederic the Great, withdrew the royal patronage from Halle, [100], [101].
• He was captivated by Voltaire, [120].
• His systematic attempt to destroy orthodoxy in his kingdom, [122].
• He made no secret of his skepticism, [123].
• Final regret of his religious course, on seeing the evil effects of infidelity upon his people, [123], [124].
• Free Congregations, rise and influence of, [284].
• Freeman, Rev. James, Pastor of King's Chapel, Boston, [539].
• Installation as the first Unitarian minister in America, [539].
• French Church, Protestant, [387].
• Skeptical formalism of French Protestantism in the beginning of the nineteenth century, [387], [388].
• Opposition to the French Protestant Church, [411].
• French Critical School of Theology, [391], [392].
• Opinions, [393], [394].
• French Literature in Europe, prevalence of, [391].
• French Skeptics upon the Church of Holland, influence of, [352].
• French Theology, animation of, [386].
• Frothingham, O. B., his juvenile work, [572], [573].
• Lecture on Liberal Christianity, [573-575].
• Future Punishment, opposition of Unitarians to, [552], [553].

• Gaussen, leader of the Evangelical Dissenting Church of Switzerland, [428], [429].
• Geneva, improvement of religious spirit in, [430], [431].
• Gerhard, John, personal qualities, and rapid attainments, [51].
• Quotation from his exegetical treatise, [52].
• German Theology, affiliated to Philosophy, [155].
• Germany, the country where Rationalism has exerted its chief influence, [5].
• Condition of Protestant Germany at the commencement of the nineteenth century, [220-222].
• Gibbon, caprices of, [447].
• Work on the Roman Empire, [447], [448].
• Destitution of political character, [448].
• God, opinion of German Rationalists concerning, [199], [200].
• Idea of God essential to success of civil government, [287].
• Unitarian opinion of God, [547], [548].
• Goethe at Weimar, [179].
• His attachment to Roman Catholicism, [183].
• Influence of his writings on theology, [183].
• Goodwin, C. W., on the Mosaic Cosmogony, in Essays and Reviews. His opinions, [491], [492].
• Gossner, his unsettled life, [327].
• Providential guidance to Protestantism, and to missionary labors, [327], [328].
• Griesbach; he aimed to establish a system of natural religion, [137], [138].
• Groen Van Prinsterer, his influence in favor of home missions, [360].
• Edited The Netherlander, [361].
• Defended the Secessionists from the Dutch Church, [363].
• Groningen School. Its origin, organ, and principal tenets, [364], [365].
• Distinguished for its ethical system, [366].
• No place for the Trinity in the Groningen Theology, [366].
• Service of the Groningens, [367].
• Their failure to reach their object, [367].
• Grotius, forerunner of Ernesti, [127], [334], [341].
• Grotz, his opinions, [403].
• Guericke, called attention to the operations of the "Friends of Light," [284].
• Guizot, his deep interest in recent French Theology, [416].
• His late important work on the Christian Religion, [416-419].
• Gustavus Adolphus Union, its method of operation, [330].
• Its nineteenth session, [330].
• Results, [330], [331].

• Half-Way Covenant, [538].
• Halle, University of; occasion of its establishment, [93].
• Its faculty, and the work before it, [93].
• The new generation of professors in Halle, [99], [100].
• Edict of Fred. Wil. I., that all theologians must study in that University, [100].
• Hamann, inability of, and his coadjutors to resist Rationalism in Germany, [196].
• Hare, Julius Charles, disciple of Coleridge, [462].
• His life full of incident, [463].
• View of Sacrifice, [463].
• Other opinions, [464], [465].
• Harless, an opponent of Strauss, [271].
• Harms, opposition of Claus, to union of German Churches, [232].
• His 95 Theses, [232-235].
• The excitement occasioned by the publication of that work, [235], [236].
• Harms, Louis, small beginning of his missionary enterprise, [328], [329].
• Final success, [329], [330].
• Hegel, his relation to philosophy, [164].
• His philosophy reducible to a system of nature, [164].
• His system, [165].
• Fulfilment of his theory of antagonisms, [257].
• The three branches of his school, [257], [258].
• Hengstenberg, his Evangelical Church Gazette established to oppose the prevalent Rationalism, [270], [271].
• He takes highest rank in the Evangelical School as a controversialist, and expositor of the Old Testament, [305].
• Opposition to Pantheism, [306].
• Contributors to his journal, [306].
• His opinion of the Essays and Reviews, [496].
• Herbert, Lord, of Cherbury; his reflections on the publication of his Tractatus de Veritate, [114].
• His view of education, [114].
• Herder, adaptation to his times, [171].
• His creed, [172].
• His interest in the poetic features of the Bible, [172], [173].
• The kind of love which he cherished toward the Bible, [174].
• View of the person of Christ, [174].
• Opinion of the Gospels, [175].
• Herder's great service to the Church, [176].
• His view of the pastorate, [176].
• Character of his preaching, [177], [178].
• Opposition to the Kantian Philosophy, [178].
• High Church in England, rise of, [511].
• Its Conference at Hadley, [512].
• Doctrines of the High Church, [512-515].
• General service of the High Church, [515], [516].
• Hobbes; his estimate of religion, [114], [115].
• His works translated into Dutch, [351].
• Hofstede de Groot, in conjunction with Pareau, published a work on dogmatic theology, [365].
• Principles taught therein, [365], [366].
• Holland, former importance of, [332], [333].
• Rise of Rationalism in Holland, [333].
• Theological publications in Holland, [334].
• Popular acquaintance with theology in Holland, [346].
• —— Church of, made slow progress in the eighteenth century, [344].
• Influenced by English Deism, [350].
• Affected by French Skepticism, [352].
• Introduction of new hymn-book into the Dutch Churches, [357], [358].
• Dutch Church now in an important crisis, [381].
• Causes of the crisis, [381], [382].
• Dutch Church applying itself to practical work, [382], [383].
• Holy Ghost, Unitarian opinion of, [548].
• Homiletic literature of the Dutch Church, [335].
• Huguenots of France were received into Holland, and exerted a beneficial influence on the Dutch Church, [343].
• Humanists, Aristotelian, of seventeenth century, [6].
• Hume, partook of the prevalent French spirit, [444].
• His errors, [444].
• Essay on Miracles, [445], [446].
• History of England, [446], [447].
• Hymns, destruction of German, [193].
• Churches rivaled each other in adapting their hymn-books to Rationalistic opinions, [194].

• Indifference, religious, produced in Holland by the French spirit, [353], [354].
• Infidelity presents a systematic and harmonious history, [2].
• Infidelity systematically opposed to civil order and authority, [287].
• Inner Mission of German Protestantism, [326], [327].
• Inspiration, opinion of German Rationalists on, [200], [202].
• American Unitarian opinion on inspiration, [546], [547].
• Instruction in Germany, improved character of religious, [307], [308].

• Jacobi, the opponent of the Kantian philosophy, [162], [163].
• Service to evangelical religion, [169].
• Journals in Germany, theological, [306], [307], and [note].
• Rationalistic Journals, Appendix, [595].
• Rationalistic Journals in France, Appendix, [598].
• Jowett, his commentaries, [481].
• His view of the Atonement, [482].
• Writes in Essays and Reviews on the interpretation of Scripture, [493].
• His opinions, [494], [495].

• Kant, his superiority to other thinkers of his time, [156].
• His account of his pious mother, [156].
• His system published by a student, Hippel, [157].
• His Critique of Pure Reason, [157].
• That work popularized by Schulze, [158].
• Opponents of the Kantian system, [158].
• Kant's statement concerning the limits of reason, [159].
• General character of Kant's criticism, [160], [161].
• Kant's silence on the positive truths of Christianity, [161].
• Moral effect of the Kantian system, [162].
• Thinkers succeeding Kant, [165].
• Their service, [166].
• King's Chapel, Boston, became Unitarian, [538], [539].
• Kingsley, Charles, on the English mind, influence of, [468].
• His numerous works, [469].
• His opinions, [469-471].
• Controversy with Father Newman, [517].
• Kleman, work on connection between grace and duty, [350].
• Klopstock innocently commenced the alteration of the German hymns, [194].

• Lange, his view of the Church, [296], [297].
• Larroque, member of the French Critical School, [400].
• Lechler, his definition of English Deism, [113].
• Leibnitz, the author of the Wolffian philosophy, [103].
• His Theodicy, [103].
• Philosophy of Leibnitz confined to the learned, [104].
• Leo the Tenth, skepticism of, [113].
• Lessing, his object in publishing the Wolfenbüttel Fragments, [152].
• His opinions in partial harmony, at least, with that work, [153].
• He found fault with his age, [155].
• Lesson taught by condition of England in the eighteenth century, [440].
• Le Vasser, his account of French irreligion during the reign of Louis XIV, [117].
• Leyden School of Theologians, [367].
• Its origin, [368].
• Liberal Catholic School of France. Its founders, [409].
• Great influence and high position of its members, [410].
• Liberal Protestant Union, the organization of French Rationalists, [393].
• Liberation, beneficial effects of German, [223], [224].
• Literary Rationalism in England, owes its origin to Carlyle, [473].
• Literature, theological, defective character of, in former part of seventeenth century, [65], [66].
• Locke, his works translated into Dutch, [351].
• Low Church, in England, [508].
• Its seat at Cambridge, [508].
• Conducted by vigorous minds, [508].
• Always on the side of popular reform, [509].
• Missionary labors, [509], [510].
• Its work at home, [510].
• Present status, [510], [511].

• Mandeville, his style complimented by Macaulay, [116].
• Maurice, disciple of Coleridge, [465].
• Ideal view of creation, [465], [466].
• Holds that Christ is the archetype of every human being, [466].
• His system, [467].
• His permission to officiate in the Established Church, [468].
• Mediation-Theologians of Germany, [288].
• Melanchthon, his Apology of the Confession, [38].
• Milton, on pride of the Church, and ecclesiastical authority, [535], [536].
• Miracles, the Rationalists deny the possibility of, [24].
• Opinion of German Rationalists concerning miracles, [207-211].
• Miracles, Hume on, [445], [446].
• Missions in the Dutch Church, [383], [384].
• Monod, A., the pioneer of the reformation of the French Protestant Church, [422].
• Montague, house of Lady Mary Wortley, the center of a large literary group, [443].
• Mosheim, his opposition to the introduction of English Deism, [117].
• Müller and Scriver as illustrations of improved literary style, before the rise of Pietism, [83], [84].
• Music in the German Churches made to conform to Rationalism, [195].
• Decline of congregational singing, [195].

• Neander, first of Mediation Theologians. His youth, and early publications, [249].
• Theological views, [249], [250].
• The chief characteristic of his theology, [250].
• Various writings, [251].
• Conception of Church history, [251], [252].
• Valuable service to evangelical theology, [252].
• Relation to his times, [252].
• Personal appearance, [253], [254].
• Life of Christ, in reply to Strauss, [272], [273].
• Newman, F. W., his life resembles Blanco White's, [517].
• His Phases of Faith, [518].
• Became a Missionary, [518].
• His opinions, [518], [519].
• Nicolai, his Universal German Library, [147].
• Object of that journal to oppose all orthodox publications, [147].
• Its great influence, [147], [148].
• Berlin affected by it, [148].
• Norton, Andrews, professor in Harvard University, [540].

• Opzoomer, professor at Utrecht, [371].
• His manual of logic, [371].
• Orthodoxy, inactivity of, in the Church of Holland, [356].

• Parker, Theodore, as a reformer, [564].
• Personal history, [565].
• His radicalism, [566].
• His theological opinions, [566-571].
• Pattison, M., writes in Essays and Reviews on Tendencies of Religious Thought in England, 1688-1750, [492].
• Paul, Jean, called attention to necessity of parental training of children, [187].
• Paulus, attempt of, to prove Luther a Rationalist, [31].
• Pecaut, holds that Deism should be substituted for the doctrines of Protestantism, [402].
• His opinions, [402], [403].
• Periodical skeptical press of England, [477].
• Pestalozzi's labors for the amelioration of orphans, [188].
• His ideal of a school, [188].
• Philosophy of the period anterior to rise of Pietism, [82], [83].
• Service of speculative philosophy in aid of religion, [167].
• Philosophers do not communicate directly with the people, [471], [472].
• Pierson, his relation to Opzoomer, [371].
• His opinions contained in two works, [371], [372].
• His exposition of the "New Theology," [372].
• He holds that reason must determine what is revelation, [373].
• Specimen of Pierson's style, [374].
• Pietism, agencies leading to rise of, [55].
• Objection brought against Pietism, [85].
• What Pietism proposed to do, [85].
• It was confounded with mysticism, [88].
• Pietism commenced upon the principle that the Church was corrupt, [88].
• The means proposed by Pietism to improve the Church, [88], [89].
• Secret of the fall of Pietism, [102].
• Mistake of Lutheranism in failing to adopt it in the Church, [102].
• Relation of Pietism to the German Protestant Church, [102].
• Pietists, charged with literary barrenness, [101].
• Positivism, the work of Compte alone, [390].
• Powell, Baden, on the study of evidences of Christianity, in Essays and Reviews, [487].
• His opinions, [487-489].
• Preaching, defective, in Germany in seventeenth century, [69], [70].
• Privy Council of England, [498], [note].
• Professors and students, intimacy between German, [309].
• Prophecy, opinion of German Rationalists concerning, [211-214].
• Protestantism, concessions of, to the civil magistrate, [37].
• Protestant Friends, [283].
• Pulpit of Holland, low state of preaching in the, [334].

• Rationalism, danger of failing to appreciate magnitude of, [1].
• Necessity of immediate defence against infidelity, [2].
• Rationalism not an unmixed evil in its results, [4].
• The term Rationalism not of recent origin, [6].
• Rationalists in England in 1646, [6].
• Rationalism defined by Rückert, [7, note];
• by Wegscheider in Institutiones Dogmaticæ, [8-11];
• by Stäudlin, [11], [12];
• by Professor Hahn, [12], [13];
• by Hugh James Rose, [13-16];
• by A. McCaul, [16-19];
• by M. Saintes, [19-21];
• by Lecky, [22], [23].
• Rationalists acknowledge justice of the definitions of their opponents, [24].
• Several kinds of Rationalists, [24-26].
• Peculiar advantages of Rationalism over other forms of Skepticism, [26].
• Rationalists do not discard the Bible, but claim to give a proper interpretation, [27].
• Shrewdness of Rationalism in its initial steps, [30].
• Motives of the early Rationalists, [31].
• Rationalism measured by four things, [32-35].
• Rationalism acknowledges no hallowed ground, [33].
• Spirit of Rationalism, bitter, [34].
• Completeness of destructive work of Rationalism, [35].
• The term Rationalism came into use in early part of nineteenth century, [239].
• Rationalism, injured by its excessive demands, [255-256].
• Rationalism assumed a revolutionary and atheistic form after the publication of Strauss' Life of Jesus, [281].
• Rise of Rationalism in Holland, [333].
• Undercurrent of Rationalism in Dutch Church, extending back to Synod of Dort, [346].
• Rationalism in French Protestant Church, [391-409];
• in Switzerland, [432-439];
• in England, [455].
• Three forms of Rationalism in England, [455].
• Indirect service of Rationalism, [579-586].
• Philosophical Rationalism in England commenced with Coleridge, [455].
• Literature of Rationalism, [590-606], Appendix.
• Rationalists among the English Jews, Roman Catholics, Quakers, and Unitarians, [533].
• Rationalists, German, had no common system, [198].
• Reason therefore, [198].
• The principal parts of their system, [200-218].
• Results of their opinions, [218], [219].
• Recordite party in the Low Church, [511].
• Reformation endangered by controversies, [45].
• Reformed Church, purity and progress of, in seventeenth century, [76].
• Reformers, difference between, and Rationalists, [31], [32].
• Faults of the immediate successors of the Reformers, [37].
• Disputes of the Reformers, [38].
• Regeneration, Unitarian opinion of, [551], [552].
• Reinhard avowed himself in favor of subordination of reason to faith, [239].
• Religion, opinion of German Rationals on, [199].
• Renan, his greatest celebrity due to his Life of Jesus, [403].
• His opinions, [403], [404].
• Reception of his Life of Jesus, [405].
• Results of that publication declared by De Pressensé to be beneficial, [406].
• Literature arising from Renan's Life of Jesus, [596-598], Appendix.
• "Reunion of Christian Friends in Holland," result of revival in the Dutch church, [361].
• Monthly Journal of the organization, [361].
• Réville, his exposition of the so-called Liberal Theology, [394-396].
• Revival in the Dutch church, [358].
• Revue de Théologie, organ of French Critical School, [396].
• Edited by Scherer, [396].
• Roell, Professor, declared the necessity of reason for a proper interpretation of the Scriptures, [348], [349].
• Röhr, his Briefe über den Rationalismus, [34].
• Principles contained therein, [238], [239].
• Rothe, ethical system, [300].
• His recent work on Dogmatic Theology, [300].
• Principles taught therein, [301-303].
• Rougemont, his opinions, [400], [401].
• Rousseau, his description of French skepticism during the reign of Louis XV, [118].
• The proposition which he sought to establish, [121].
• The key to his creed, [122].
• His popularity in Germany, [186].
• Rupp, Pastor, attacked the Athanasian symbol, [284].

• Sabbath, neglect of, in Germany, [37].
• Schaff, description of Neander's appearance, [253], [254].
• Declares the indirect service of Rationalism, [580], [582], [583].
• Schelling, his natural philosophy, [164].
• His opposite and parallel sciences, [164].
• Schenkel, elevation by Baden government, [303].
• His late skeptical book, Picture of the Character of Jesus, [303].
• Principles taught therein, [304].
• Clerical protest against his continuance in authority, [305].
• Scherer, member of the French Critical School. Departure from orthodoxy, [396].
• His view of Protestantism, [397].
• Opinion of the New Testament, [397], [398].
• The Bible, according to his exegesis, [398], [399].
• His low estimate of Christ's Miracles, [399], [400].
• Schiller at Weimar, [178], [179].
• His prayer on Sabbath morning, [179], [180].
• An admirer of Paganism, [181].
• Embodies the Kantian philosophy in verse, [182].
• Schleiermacher, early training of, [224].
• Residence in Berlin as chaplain, [224].
• His philosophy derived from Jacobi, [224].
• His Discourses, [225], [226].
• Purpose of that work, [225], [226].
• Schleiermacher's conception of religion, [226], [227].
• His Monologues, [228], [229].
• His System of Doctrines, [241].
• Principles taught therein, [241-243].
• The great service of that work, [243], [244].
• Information concerning Schleiermacher, [243, note].
• His defective view of the Trinity, [244].
• General character of his theology, [245], [246].
• His school, [256], [257].
• Scholasticism, one of the elements of the degeneracy of the Dutch Church, [336].
• Scholten, founder of the Leyden School, [368].
• His distinction between the principles and dogmas of a church, [368].
• His view of historical criticism, [369].
• Makes human nature the witness of truth of revelation, [369].
• Defective view of sin, and denial of miracles, [370].
• Schott, contended for the union of Reason and Revelation, [241].
• Schurmann, Anna Maria, took part in the Cocceian controversy, [341].
• Science, necessity of a proper view of, [586], [587].
• No antagonism between Science and Revelation, [587].
• Scriptures, study of, neglected in Germany in seventeenth century, [68].
• Opinion of German Rationalists concerning credibility of Scriptures, [203-206].
• The Rationalists conscious of importance of the Scriptures, [481].
• Secession from the Church of Holland, [362].
• Its failure, [363].
• Semler, his early training, [128].
• Difficulty concerning want of understanding of the number of the Biblical books, [129].
• His celebrated accommodation-theory, [130].
• His distinction between the local and temporary contents of the Scriptures, [130], [131].
• His moderate affiliation with the English Deists, [131].
• His repudiation of the French Skeptical School, [131].
• His opinion concerning the world's independence of the Bible, [132].
• He gained his greatest triumph against the history and doctrinal authority of the church, [132].
• The beauty and purity of his private life, [133], [134].
• His domestic life, [134].
• Death of his daughter, [135], [136].
• Semler's mental defects, [136].
• His imitators, [137].
• Fatal results of Semler's doctrines, [146], [147].
• Seriousness and Peace, society called, [376].
• Shaftesbury, Lord, cultivated the acquaintance of the leaders of skepticism in France and England, [115].
• His violent hostility to Christianity, [115].
• His Characteristics, [115].
• Sin, Unitarian opinion of, [548-550].
• Skepticism, the result of coldness, formalism, and controversy in the Church, [4].
• Development of skepticism south and west of Germany, [112], [113].
• Skepticism received the support of the educated and refined German circles during latter part of the eighteenth century, [149].
• Historical record of skepticism, [563].
• Skeptics, spirit of kindness toward, [587], [588].
• Smith, John Pye, his statement concerning the inferior character of replies to the English Deists, [117].
• Speculative Rationalism in Zürich, Periodicals favoring, [434].
• Opinions of the Speculative Rationalists concerning the Scriptures and Christ, [435-437];
• immortality, [437], [438];
• sin, [438];
• faith, [438], [439].
• Spener, Philip Jacob, his testimony on neglect of children, [63], [64].
• His University life and pastoral labors, [89], [90].
• His labors in behalf of children, [90].
• The Collegia Pietatis, [90], [91].
• Spener's Pia Desideria, [91].
• His childlike nature, [91], [92].
• His literary activity, [92].
• Bitterness of his enemies after his death, [92], [93].
• Spinoza, [103], [281].
• Stanley, Dean of Westminster, his works, [523].
• Rationalistic concessions in his Jewish Church, [524].
• His late article in the Westminster Review, [524], [525].
• Stevenson, description of Fliedner's Deaconess Institute, [317], [318].
• Synod of Dort, [334].
• Stoddard, Venerable, did not believe in excluding unregenerate persons from the Lord's Supper, [537].
• Strauss, his Life of Jesus the outgrowth of long-standing doubt, [29].
• Strauss a Left-Hegelian, [258].
• Popular reception of his Life of Jesus, [259].
• Extraordinary character of the contents of that work, [259], [260].
• Strauss had an erroneous view of history, [260].
• He contended that Christ was a mythical personage, [261-263].
• Doctrines contained in the Life of Jesus, [263-270].
• Replies to that work, [273], [274].
• His late work, Life of Jesus Popularly Treated, designed for the laity, [275].
• Contents of that work, [276], [277].
• Strauss' System of Doctrine, an embodiment of Hegelian philosophy, [281].
• Rejection from professorship in Zürich, [432], [433].
• Success dependent on strenuous effort, [577], [578].
• Supernaturalism. This term came into frequent use in early part of nineteenth century, [239].
• Switzerland, decline in political influence, [425].
• Low state of Swiss Protestant Church when Voltaire was at Ferney, [425], [426].

• Temple, author of Education of the World, in Essays and Reviews, [482].
• His opinions, [482-485].
• Tendency, history of a mischievous, best means of resistance, [3].
• Theologians in early part of seventeenth century, [67].
• Theological taste, increase of, owing to the propagation of Semler's destructive criticism, [144].
• Theological training in Geneva, neglect of, [426].
• M. Bost's testimony, [426], [427].
• Present elevated state of instruction, [431], [432].
• Theology, Dutch, literalism of, [345].
• Theology, union between, and philosophy, [35], [36].
• The influence of theology as a science, in Germany, [146].
• Improvement in contemporaneous German theology, [309], [310].
• Thirty Years' War; principles involved and parties participating, [56].
• Desperation and devastation of Thirty Years' War, [57].
• Neglect of pastoral work, [57].
• Great losses in population and wealth, [58].
• Religious effect, [60].
• Neglect of youth, [62].
• Necessity of a popular reäwakening at the close of Thirty Years' War, [80], [81].
• Tholuck, reply to De Wette's novel, [248].
• Reply to Strauss' Life of Jesus, [271].
• View of inspiration, [292].
• Tholuck cannot be estimated by merely stating his definitions, [292], [293].
• He cannot be classified, [293].
• His various writings, [293].
• Quotation from his work on Sin and Redemption, [293-295].
• Thomasius, an eminent jurist, [98].
• He gave his influence to Pietism, [99].
• He defended the Pietists from the stand-point of statesmanship, [99].
• Cultivated the German spirit, and delivered lectures in the German language, [99].
• Tilly, his cruelty in warfare, [58], [59].
• Tindal, his Christianity as Old as the World, replies to, [116].
• Tittmann opposed Rationalism, [239], [240].
• Toland, replies to his Christianity not Mysterious, [116].
• Töllner; his attempt to harmonize the old German theology with the Wolffian philosophy, [112].
• His point of difference from Wolff, [112].
• His twofold conception of Scripture, [112].
• His opinion of inspiration, [201], [202].
• Tractarianism, [511-516].
• Tracts for the Times, [516].
• Tübingen School, [280].
• Tzschirner contended for the harmonization of reason and revelation, [240].
• His influence, [240].

• Uhlich, Pastor, founder of Friends of Light, [283].
• Ullmann, reply to Strauss, [273].
• His Essence of Christianity, [289].
• Opinions, [289].
• Union of German Churches, [231], [232].
• Task imposed upon the new State Church, [237].
• Unitarian controversy between Channing and Worcester, [541].
• Unitarians, their indefinite creed, [544].
• Their general opinions, [546-552].
• National convention in New York, [559], [560].
• Unitarianism, opposed to orthodoxy, [544], [545].
• Table showing its present state, [560, note].
• Literature of Unitarianism, [606-609], Appendix.
• Unitarian Journals, [609], Appendix.
• United States, Church of, [534].
• Separation of Church and State by the founders of the republic, [534].
• Unity of Evangelical Churches, necessary to overcome Rationalism, [588], [589].
• Universalists in America, [560].
• Creed of the Universalists, [561], [562].
• Table showing their present condition, [562, 563, note].
• Literature of Universalism, [606-609], Appendix.
• Universalist Journals, [609], Appendix.
• Universities, immorality in German, in seventeenth century, [75], [76].

• Van Oosterzee, his work in reply to Renan's Life of Jesus, [376].
• Quotation from it, [377].
• Professor in Utrecht, [377].
• His works, [376], [377].
• Vaughan, testimony of, concerning Schleiermacher's Discourses, [225], [226].
• Opinion on Carlyle, [477].
• Vénérable Compagnie of Geneva, prohibited ministerial candidates from preaching on prominent evangelical doctrines, [427].
• Vinet, his works, and system of theology, [429].
• Voltaire, relations of, with Rousseau, [119].
• Voltaire in England, [119].
• Favorable reception by the English court, [119], [120].
• Reception at the court of Frederic the Great, [120], [121].
• Disagreement between Voltaire and Frederic, [121].
• Return of the former to France, [121].
• Residence in Ferney, [121].
• His destitution of religious principles, [121].
• Popularity in Holland, [353].
• Cold treatment by Boerhaave, [353].
• Flattered by the Genevan pastors, [425].

• Ware, an Anti-Trinitarian, chosen professor in Harvard University, [540].
• Waterloo, battle of, commencement of a new era in the religion and politics of Europe, [356].
• Weimar, celebrities of, [169], [170].
• Wesleyan Missions in the Channel Islands and France, [388], [389].
• Westminster Review, [477], [478].
• Its lament over present elevated position of German Protestantism, [479].
• Westphalia, peace of, its fruits, [59].
• Wetstein, forerunner of Ernesti, [127].
• Wichern, John Henry, address before the Church Diet at its first session, [324].
• His Rough House near Hamburg, [324].
• Results of training at that Institution, [325], [326].
• Williams, Rowland, one of the writers in Essays and Reviews, [485].
• His opinions, [485-487].
• Wilson, H. B., discusses the question of the National Church in Essays and Reviews, [489].
• His opinions, [489-491].
• Wislicenus, his skeptical work, [283].
• Wolff, his demonstrative philosophy, [103].
• His good intentions, [104].
• His description of his mental progress, [104].
• Division of his philosophy into theoretical and practical departments, [105].
• His opinion of what a revelation should contain, [105], [106].
• He aimed to impress his principles upon the masses, [106].
• His system destructive to Pietism, [107].
• His eventful life, [107], [108].
• Excitement produced by public discourse on Morals of Confucius, [108].
• His deposition and banishment, [108].
• Recalled by Frederic the Great, [108].
• His reception at Halle, [108], [109].
• The popular reception of the Wolffian system, [109].
• Relation of Wolff's philosophy to German theology in eighteenth century, [110].
• The Wolffian School, [111].
• Wolfenbüttel Fragments, [149].
• Their origin, [149], [150].
• Principles contained in them, [150], [151].
• Opposition to that work, [151].
• Wollaston, his creed, and popularity of his works, [115].

• Year-Books, Halle, an organ of Atheism, [282], [283].
• Young Men's Christian Union of New York, [553-558].
• Youth, multiplicity of publications for German, [189].
• Teachers of the young became Rationalists, [189], [190].

• Zürich, the present seat of Swiss Rationalism, [432].

---

Transcriber's Notes:

Variant spellings of the words pappoose and premiss are left as in the original.

The names Des Cartes and Descartes refer to the same person.

The initials D. D. appear in the original with and without a space. They have been standardized to always have a space between the initials.

The following words appear in the original with and without hyphens.

book-stores	bookstores
child-like	childlike
hand-maid	handmaid
key-note	keynote
Law-giver	Lawgiver
law-giver	lawgiver
life-long	lifelong
master-pieces	masterpieces
Re-statements	Restatements
stand-point	standpoint
touch-stone	touchstone
two-fold	twofold
under-current	undercurrent
wide-spread	widespread

There are variations in the accents used on the following words:

coëxistent	coexistent
confrères	confreres
Gröninger	Groninger
Jésus	Jesus
l'Église	l'Eglise
reäwakening	reawakening
Réfutation	Refutation
Réligieuse	Religieuse
réligieuse	religieuse
Rémusat	Remusat
Réville	Reville
Révue	Revue
Secrétan	Secretan
Théologie	Theologie
Théologies	Theologies
Vénérable	Venerable

The following corrections have been made to the text.

page xvii—Gibbon, 447, 448[original has 447, 447]

page 14—'Those who are generally termed Rationalists,'[ending quote missing in original] says Dr. Bretschneider

page 16—Spinoza asserts that the '[original has double quote]Israelites heard

page 38—Cracau put to death on the slightest pretenses[original has pretences]

page 47—The headlong pen, too precipitate for calligraphy[original has caligraphy]

page 77—Let the ministry be steadfast, and the masses will never swerve."[original has missing ending quote]

page 152—Wolffian[original has Wolfian] philosophy

page 152—the intuitions[original has intuitons] of Reason

page 162—Wolffian[original has Wolfian] philosophy

page 163—glaring defect of his system[original has sytsem]

page 171—evening entertainments[original has entertaiments] of Weimar

page 192—the narrator has a very imperfect knowledge[original has knowedge]

page 245—Christ's communion with his living disciples.[original is missing period]

page 254—nineteenth[original has nineteeth] century

page 261—Their opinions[original has opinons] concerning him were already formed

page 263—climax of destructive criticism[original has crititicism]

page 304—therefore he stands to-day[original has to day] as the High Church

page 348—the government[original has govvernment] took his part

page 390—philosophical systems[original has sytems] of Germany

page 397—divinity of Christ involves his omniscience[original has omnisicence]

page 400—Christianity has passed its allotted[original has alloted] time

page 409—field of usefulness[original has usefulnesss]

page 424—inability of M. Réville[original has Reville] to be elected

page 464—declare to be finished."[original is missing ending quote]

page 465—brightness of his resplendent[original has ressplendent] character

page 482—conversions of the first Christians[original has Christains]

page 484—development is alleged to have occurred[original has occured]

page 496—naïve[original has näive] assurance

page 500—fall to the ground with it."[original is missing ending quote]

page 520—insensibly as the air we breathe."[original is missing ending quote]

page 532—It is a remarkable[original has remakable] feature

page 536—comparatively untrammeled[original has untrameled] by institutions

page 538—Edwards refused to practice[original has practise] it

page 559—presided over by Governor[original has Governer] Andrew

page 560—referred to a special committee[original has commitee]

page 571—but on more than one occasion he[original has be] expressed his total dissent

page 573—destruction of Pharaoh[original has Pharoah]

page 590—Balmes, J.—Briefe an einen[original has einem] Zweifler

page 590—Baur, F. C.—Die Tübingen[original has Tübinger] Schule und ihre Stellung zur Gegenwart

page 590—Clemen, C. F. W.[original is missing period]

page 591—Haar, B. ter[original has B.ter]

page 592—Hering.—Die Akephaler unserer[original has unsrer] Zeit.

page 592—under Kähler, L. A.—Ursprunge, ihrer Zwietracht u. höheren[original has höhern] Einheit.

page 593—Oosterzee, J. J. Van.[original has extraneous comma]—Geschichte oder Roman?

page 593—Paulus, H. E. G.—Zeitgemässe Beleuchtung des Streites zwischen dem Eingebungsglauben und der Urchristlichen Denkgläubigkeit[original has Denkglaubigkeit].

page 593—Ruthenus, K.—Der formale Supernaturalismus oder d. einzig mögliche Weg zur einer Ausgleichung der streitenden[original has stritenden] theolog. Partheien.

page 593—entry under Sartorius—Ueber die Unwissenschaftlichkeit und innere Verwandschaft des Rationalismus und[original has uud] Romanismus.

page 593—Schenkel, D.—Die Religiösen[original has Religösen] Zeitkämpfe.

page 593—Wiggers, J.—Kirchlicher oder rein biblischer[original has reinbiblischer] Supranaturalismus?

page 595—Buisson, F.—L'orthodoxie et l'Evangile dans l'Eglise réformée[original has reformée].

page 595—under Coloni, T.—Jésus[original has Jesus] Christ et les Croyances messianiques de son Temps

page 597—Guettée, L'Abbé.—Réfutation[original has Refutation] de la prétendue Vie de Jésus de M. Renan.

page 597—Loyson, J. T.—Une prétendue Vie de Jésus[original has Jesus], ou M. E. Renan

page 598—Pé De Arros, J.—Coup d'œil sur la Vie de Jésus[original has Jesus] de M. Renan

page 598—Nouvelle Revue[original has Révue] de Théologie

page 599—Bellows, H. W.—Restatements[original has Re-statements] of Christian Doctrine.

page 602—Davidson, Dr. S.[period missing in original]

page 603—under Garbett, E.—Boyle Lectures for 1861. Lond.,[comma missing in original] 1861.

page 604—under Mackay, R. W.—The Tübingen School and its Antecedents: a Review of the History and Present Condition of Modern Theology.[period missing in original]

page 604—under Miall, E.—Basis of Belief: Examination of Christianity. London,[comma missing in original] 1861.

page 605—essays by Messrs. Colani, Scholten, Réville[original has Reville], Scherer

page 606—Universalism a Practical Power. New York, 1863.[original has two periods]

page 608—under Norton, A.—Genuineness of the Gospels, 3 vols. Boston, 1851-'54[original has '44].

page 609—Ware, W.—Letters[original has Lettters] to Trinitarians

page 609—Journal of American Unit. Assoc.,[comma missing in original] Boston.

page 611—Arnold Gottfried, the historian of Pietism, 98[original has 18].

page 612—Bethmann[original has Bethman]-Hollweg, influence on the Church Diet, 319.

page 612—under Broad Church—Its tenets, 528[original has 520], 529, 530

page 613—under Colenso—Literature of the Controversy occasioned by him, 599[original has 600]-602, Appendix.

page 613—under Colenso—Testimony of a Mussulman against him, 506[original has 505].

page 613—under Coquerel—Refusal of the Presbyterial Council to re-appoint him as suffragan in a Protestant pulpit in Paris, 407[original has 408].

page 614—Ernesti, the classic scholar of his day, 126[original has 125], 127.

page 614—under Essays and Reviews—Literature arising from the publication of the Essays and Reviews, 603,[original has period] Appendix.

page 614—Farrar, his description of the Wolffian[original has Wolfian] philosophy

page 614—Fliedner, established a Deaconess Institute, 316[original has 416].

page 615—Freeman, Rev. James, Pastor of King's Chapel, Boston, 539[original has 589].

page 616—Harms, opposition of Claus, to union of German Churches, 232[original has 231].

page 617—under Journals in Germany—Rationalistic Journals, Appendix, 595[original has 509].

page 617—under Kant—That work popularized by Schulze[original has Shulze]

page 617—under Kant—General character of Kant's criticism, 160[original has 159], 161.

page 617—Le Vasser, his account of French irreligion during the reign of Louis XIV,[original has semicolon] 117.

page 617—Leibnitz, the author of the Wolffian[original has Wolfian] philosophy

page 618—under Miracles—Opinion of German Rationalists concerning miracles, 207-211[original has 207, 211].

page 618—Newman, F. W.,[comma missing in original] his life resembles Blanco White's

page 618—Pattison, M., writes in Essays and Reviews on Tendencies of Religious Thought in England, 1688-1750,[original has semicolon] 492.

page 619—under Rationalists, German—Reason therefore[original has therefor], 198.

page 620—Rousseau, his description of French skepticism during the reign of Louis XV,[original has semicolon] 118.

page 620—Schenkel, elevation by Baden government, 303[original has 383].

page 620—under Scherer—His low estimate of Christ's Miracles, 399, 400.[period missing in original]

page 620—Schurmann[original has Schuurmann], Anna Maria

page 620—Scriptures, study of, neglected in Germany in seventeenth century,[original has period] 68.

page 621—under Skepticism—Skepticism received the support of the educated and refined German circles during latter part of the eighteenth century, 149[original has 148].

page 622—under Unitarianism—Literature of Unitarianism, 606[original has 607]-609, Appendix.

page 622—under Universalists—Literature of Universalism,[original has period] 606-609[original has 607, 609].

page 622—under Van Oosterzee—Professor in Utrecht, 377[original has 376].

page 622—Vénérable[original has Venerable] Compagnie of Geneva

page 623—under Voltaire—Cold treatment by Boerhaave, 353[original has 357].

page 623—Youth, multiplicity of publications for German, 189.[original has comma]

Footnote 113—System of the Semitic Languages;[original has comma]

Footnote 128—Riggenbach, Der Heutige Rationalismus besonders in der Deutschen Schweiz[original has Schweitz].

Footnote 263—Frothingham, Ibid. pp.[original has pp,] 121-126.

Footnote 270—St. Lawrence University, N. Y.,[comma missing in original] has a Library