Echo.
Our last page will be given to the phenomenon called by the name of Echo, which consists in the power of solid substances, whether natural or artificial, of reflecting the waves of sound thrown against them, just as a mirror reflects the waves of light.
Very often the Echo is naturally formed, as shown in the illustration, by rocks which cast back the sound—waves thrown against them. This is the case in several parts of Dovedale in Derbyshire, where a pistol shot is reverberated backwards and forwards in a most wonderful manner, and a trumpet blast repeats itself over and over again.
At Walton Hall, the residence of the late C. Waterton, Esq., there is a wonderful Echo, nearly half a mile from the house. Mr. Waterton had discovered the Echo, which proceeded from the walls of the house, and, having found its focus, placed on it a large stone, called the Echo-stone. Any one sitting on this stone, and singing, speaking, or whistling towards the house, heard every sound repeated, as if in mockery.
The celebrated Whispering Gallery in St. Paul’s Cathedral is nothing but an ordinary Echo, though so intensified by the process of radiation, that the sound is transmitted from one side of the dome to the other, just as light or heat is reflected from concave mirrors.
INDEX.
[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [Q], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [Z]
A.
Aard-vark, [182], [227]
Abattis, [109]
Acaleph, [15]
Acorn Barnacles, [90]
Acoustics, [513]
Acrida viridissima, [231]
Actinurus, [461]
Adze, [234]
Æolian Harp, [518]
Aërostatics, [436]
Air-gun, [77]
Aloe, [252]
Amentum, [502]
Amphidotus cordatus, [224]
Anchor, [39]
Angler-fish, [91], [416]
Antherozoids, [368]
Ant-bear, [100]
Ant-lion, [52]
Anthidium manicatum, [237]
Ants, [391], [409]
Ants’ Nest, [214]
Aphides, [391]
Aphrodite aculeata, [353]
Apple-parer, [456]
Aquarium, [393]
Archer-fish, [78]
Architecture, [159]
Argus Star-fish, [89]
Armadillo, [189]
Armour, [120]
Art, [472]
Artesian Well, [433]
Arundinaria Schomburgkii, [28]
Ascalaphus, [111]
Ascidian, [497]
Aspidomorpha excelsum, [198]
Auger, [254]
B.
Baited Traps, [97]
Ball-and-socket Joint, [313]
Balloon, [436]
Bamboo, [28]
Band Saw, [244]
Barea, [147]
Barometer, [444]
Basket-urchin, [89]
Bats, [399]
Battering-ram, [153]
Beak of Duck, [354]
Beaver, [233]
Beds, [400]
Bee, [220]
Beroë, [15]
Bessemer Process, [299]
Bicycle, [503]
Binocular Microscope, [287]
Birdlime, [98]
Blow-gun, [75]
Boat, [5]
Boat-hook, [44]
Boatman, [12]
Boiling Water, [445]
Bombardier-beetle, [156]
Bombyx mori, [179]
Bosjesman, [308]
Bot-fly, [396]
Bower, [410]
Bower-birds, [410]
Bowsing of Rope, [318]
Brachinus crepitans, [156]
Bradawl, [249]
Brocken Spectre, [295]
Brown-tailed Moth, [180]
Brushes, [340]
Buffer of Train, [369]
Bullet-making Machine, [157]
Bunday, [69]
Burdock, [117]
Burial, [419]
Burying-ants, [420]
Burying-beetle, [507]
Buttons, [346]
Buttresses, [196]
C.
Cache, [397]
Callipers, [274]
Caltrops, [110]
Camel, [424]
Camera obscura, [277]
Candle, [351]
Carriage Spring, [363]
Cassava Press, [447]
Catapult, [361]
Catchpoll, [104]
Cathedral, [166]
Centrifugal Force, [500]
Cephalotus, [98]
Chaff-cutter, [320]
Chameleon-fly, [11]
Chinese Paper Lantern, [378]
Chinese Repeating Cross-bow, [365]
Chinese Stink-pot, [155]
Chirodota, [470]
Chisel, [232]
Chœtodon, [78]
Chromatrope, [305]
Cicada, [243], [518]
Circular Saw, [247]
Cistern, [422]
Clam Shell, [260]
Clasp, [347]
Climbing-spur, [134]
Cloth-dressing Machine, [339]
Club, [52]
Cnidæ, [371]
Coffee-making Machine, [329]
Coluber natrix, [106]
Combs, [343]
Compass, [491]
Concealment, [144]
Condenser, [428]
Contouring-glass, [272]
Coracle, [22]
Cordon Saw, [244]
Cork, [350]
Corrugation, [480]
Cossus ligniperda, [237]
Crab, [261]
Crab-pot, [103]
Creeper, [203]
Cricket, [388], [517]
Crow-oyster, [348]
Crushing Instruments, [320]
Cuckoo-spit, [146]
Culex pipiens, [9]
Cupping, [330]
Cuttle-bone of Sepia, [166]
Cydippe, [15]
D.
Daddy Long-legs, [337]
Dagger, [58]
Dam, [210]
Dandelion Seed, [439]
Decticus griseus, [231]
Deer-trap, [104]
Dew, [426]
Diamond Drill, [459]
Digging-stick, [223]
Dionea muscipula, [97]
Dipsacus fullonum, [339]
Disguise, [147]
Divers, [382]
Diving-bell, [383]
Diving Dress, [384]
Dog-fish Skin, [265]
Dome, [510]
Doors and Hinges, [172]
Drag, [43]
Dragon-fly, [455]
Dragon-fly Trachea, [376]
Drainage, [492]
Driver-ant, [201]
Drosera, [100]
Drum, [514]
Dutch Rush, [264]
E.
Ear, [515]
Ear-trumpet, [521]
Earth-worm, [44]
Earwig, [261]
Eaves, [184]
Echeneis remora, [333]
Echinococcus, [40]
Echinus, [315]
Echo, [525]
Echo-stone, [526]
Eel-pot, [103]
Egg-hatching Machine, [395]
Eider-duck, [401]
Elastic Springs, [360]
Elateridæ, [387]
Electric Eel, [486]
Electric Light, [488]
Electric Ray, [485]
Electric Tourniquet, [463]
Electricity, [482]
Elk, [131]
Elk-yard, [131]
Emperor-moth, [104]
Epeira diadema, [87], [345]
Equisetum, [264]
Ermine-moth, [180]
Escapement, [507]
Ether Spray, [428]
Eumenes, [311]
Eye, [277]
Eye of Spider, [288]
F.
Fairy Martin, [169]
Fall-trap, [140]
Fan, [416]
Feather Mail, [125]
Fencers, [317]
File, [263]
Filter, [352], [425]
Fire, [412]
Fire-fly, [489]
Fire-guard, [419]
Fish-hook Spiculæ, [117]
Fish-scales, [189]
Fish-tank, [393]
Fishing-frog, [91], [416]
Flying Dragon, [440]
Flying Frog, [441]
Flying Squirrel, [440]
Foot of Aard-vark, [227]
Foot of Mole, [226]
Foot of Mole-cricket, [226]
Fork-grinders, [356]
Fort, [129]
Fountains, [430]
Frog, [484]
Furnarius fuliginosus, [310]
Fur of Beaver, [186]
G.
Gad-fly, [254], [406]
Galleria alvearia, [151]
Galleria-moth, [151]
Garden Spider, [87], [345]
Gecko, [334]
Geometra Caterpillar, [149]
Geranium, [478]
Gerris, [467]
Gills of Fish, [414]
Gimlet, [252]
Gin, [95]
Girder, [193]
Glow-worm, [342], [439]
Gnat, [9]
Goat-moth, [237]
Goby, [334]
Gold-tailed Moth, [180]
Goose-grass, [116]
Gossamer Spider, [437]
Grallina Australia, [310]
Grasping Tools, [258]
Grass-blade, [250]
Grass-snake, [106]
Grass-wrack, [473]
Grasshopper, [337], [388]
Great Green Grasshopper, [231]
Grindstone, [325]
Gyrinus natator, [22]
Gyroscope, [503]
H.
Hammer and Anvil, [515]
Hammock, [402]
Hand, [450]
Harpoon, [71]
Heart or Hairy Urchin, [224]
Hedgehog, [110]
Hemerobius, [397]
Hen-coop, [393]
Hippopotamus, [508]
Hippopotamus Tooth, [234]
Hirundo Ariel, [169]
Hoof of Elephant, [364]
Hoof of Horse, [363]
Hookah, [377]
Hooks, [115], [398]
Hooks and Eyes, [346]
Hoop-shaver Bee, [237]
House-fly, [343], [456]
Human Spine, [369]
Hydra, [512]
Hydrant, [430]
Hymedesmia, [117]
Hyponomeuta padella, [180]
I.
Ice, [457]
Ice-house, [179]
Ichneumon-fly, [174], [249], [338]
Injecting Syringe, [65]
Iris of Eye, [293]
Ita Palm-tree, [162]
J.
Janthina communis, [48]
Japanese Fishing-rod, [460]
Japanese Singlethorn, [124]
Jaws of Crocodile, [366]
Jaws of Pike, [105]
Jaws of Shark, [106]
Jaws of Whale, [355]
K.
Kedge, [41]
Kite, [500]
Knee-joint, [316]
Kris, [239]
L.
Lace-wing Fly, [397]
Lagopus vulgaris, [150]
Lamp, [412]
Lampern, [335]
Lampetra fluviatilis, [335]
Lancet, [83], [239]
Lappet-moth, [149]
Laurel-bottle, [358]
Lazy-tongs, [454]
Leaf cutter Bees, [231]
Leaf-insect, [149]
Leaf-rollers, [362]
Leech, [335]
Lighthouses, [207]
Limnæa stagnalis, [6]
Limpet, [245], [332]
Loadstone, [490]
Lobster, [261], [497]
Locust, [231]
Long-tailed Titmouse, [401]
Lophius, [416]
Low-pressure Engine, [429]
Lump-sucker, [334]
M.
Maelström, [1]
Magdeburg Hemispheres, [331]
Magic Lantern, [294]
Magnetic Respirator, [356]
Main Gauche, [73]
Mangle, [324]
Mangrove-tree, [143]
Manuring, [492]
Mare’s Tail, [264]
Mason Wasp, [170]
Mat, [404]
Meadow Orchis, [100]
Measure, [267]
Medusa, [372], [512]
Megachile, [231]
Metronome, [506]
Microgaster alvearius, [174]
Microgaster glomeratus, [174]
Milk, [390]
Mines, [443]
Mining, [430]
Misericorde, [120]
Mole, [496]
Mole-cricket, [227]
Mont Cenis Tunnel, [267]
Mop, [502]
Mortar, [217]
Moselekatze, [162]
Moss, [371]
Mountains, [216]
Mouse-trap, [97]
Movable Gas-lamp, [376]
Mud-patten, [466]
Mud Walls, [181]
Multiplying-glass, [288]
Muscles of Leg, [449]
Mussel-shell, [35], [259]
Myrapetra scutellaris, [181]
Myrmeleo, [52]
Myrmica Kirbyi, [184]
N.
Nature-printing, [475]
Nautilus, [2], [464]
Needle-gun, [367]
Nemertes Borlasii, [93]
Nerves, [486]
Net, [85]
Northern Crown, [297]
Norton Tubes, [433]
Notonecta glauca, [13]
Nshiego Mbouvé, [160]
Nut-crackers, [321]
Nuthatch, [256]
O.
Octopus, [463]
Odynerus murarius, [170]
Œstrus bovis, [254]
Ophion, [174]
Optics, [276]
Orchis morio, [100]
Oscillation, [504]
Ostracion, [122]
Orang-outan, [161]
Oven-bird, [310]
Owl’s Eye, [284]
P.
Paddle-wood Tree, [198]
Paint, [219]
Palm-leaf, [418]
Paper, [472]
Parachute, [438]
Parasol, [407]
Pea-shooter, [74]
Pelecinus, [338]
Pelicans, [393]
Pelopœus, [312]
Pendulum, [505]
Pensile Oriole, [402]
Perfume Spray, [428]
Periwinkle, [245]
Phantasmascope, [305]
Philetærus socius, [135]
Pholas dactylus, [200]
Phryganea, [192]
Physa fontinalis, [8]
Physalis pelagicus, [46]
Pichiciago, [123]
Piddock, [200]
Pied Grallina, [310]
Pill Millipede, [123]
Pincers, [258]
Pinna pectinata, [35]
Pinna-shell, [35]
Pistolograph, [361]
Pitfall, [50]
Plane, [235], [250]
Pneumatic Peg, [330]
Poison, [62]
Polar Bear, [137]
Polistes, [481]
Polynoe, [71]
Porches, [183]
Porcupine, [110]
Porcupine Ant-eater, [110]
Porthesia auriflua, [180]
Porthesia chrysorrhœa, [180]
Portuguese Man-of-war, [46], [372]
Pouch-shell, [8]
Pressure of Atmosphere, [329]
Printing-press, [317]
Proboscis of Fly, [379]
Processionary Moth, [180]
Projectiles, [74]
Propolis, [220]
Pseudoscope, [287]
Ptarmigan, [150]
Pucunha, [76]
Puff and Dart, [75], [351]
Pulley, [452]
Pyramids, [216]
Q.
Quilt Armour, [126]
R.
Radius, [194]
Rain-cloud, [429]
Ranjows, [109]
Rat-tail Maggots, [385]
Rattan, [204]
Razor, [236]
Receiver of Air-pump, [511]
Reduvius personatus, [146]
Reed, [518]
Reverted Spikes, [102]
Ribbon Saw, [244]
Ring and Staple, [415]
Ringed Tissues, [378]
Robber-crab, [405]
Rocket, [462]
Rod and Line, [90]
Rolling-mill, [322]
Rosemary, [408]
S.
Sabella, [218]
Saddle-back, [348]
Sailing Raft, [5]
Salad-dressing Bottle, [511]
Sand-paper, [265]
Saturnia pavonia minor, [104]
Saw, [239]
Saw-fly, [241]
Sawyer-beetle, [248]
Scale Armour, [123]
Scales of Butterfly’s Wings, [187]
Scaling-fork, [133]
Scarabæus, [494]
Scissors, [228]
Screw, [498]
Sea-anemone, [8]
Sea-basket, [89]
Sea-mouse, [353]
Sea-urchin, [315]
Seed-drills, [336]
Sepia officinalis, [167]
Serpula, [44], [135], [219], [352]
Sewage, [496]
Sewing, [406]
Shark-tooth Sword, [56]
Shears, [228]
Sheep-fly, [396]
Shell of Tortoise, [188]
Ship-worm, [200]
Short-tailed Manis, [124], [188]
Sialis armata, [275]
Siamese Link, [448]
Silkworm, [158]
Silkworm Cocoon, [179]
Siren, [523]
Sirex gigas, [252]
Skidor, [466]
Skip-jack Beetle, [387]
Skull, [210], [511]
Slates, [188]
Sling, [502]
Sloth, [398]
Slug, [245]
Smoke-jack, [499]
Snow-house of Esquimaux, [163]
Snow-house of Seal, [163]
Snow-shoe, [464]
Spade, [223]
Spear, [58]
Spectroscope, [297]
Spider, [509]
Spider-crab, [147]
Spiked Defences, [107]
Spiracles of Fly, [357]
Spiral, [498]
Spiral Spring, [371]
Spiral Tissues, [375]
Spirit-level, [271]
Spokeshave, [236]
Spout-hole, [434]
Sprat-sucker, [71]
Spring, [430]
Spring-bow, [142]
Spring-gun, [142]
Spring-jack, [386]
Spring Solitaire, [371]
Spring-tails, [388]
Spring-trap, [95]
Squirrel, [456]
Stag-beetle, [248]
Star-fish, [332]
Steam-blast, [443]
Steelyard, [450]
Stereoscope, [286]
Stereotype, [479]
Stethoscope, [522]
Stickleback, [218]
Still, [425]
Stinging Jelly-fish, [372]
Stinging-nettle, [67]
Stipple, [477]
Stoat, [150]
Stone-fly, [192]
Stopper, [350]
Stove, [413]
Stratiomys, [11]
Stratiomys chamæleon, [11]
String, [515]
Subterranean Dwelling, [213]
Suckers of Cuttle-fish, [332]
Suckers of Water-beetle, [332]
Sucking Eggs, [445]
Sucking-fish, [333]
Sucking Sugar-cane, [445]
Sumpitan, [75]
Sundew, [100]
Surgical Cradle, [405]
Suspension-bridge, [202]
Swallow-tailed Butterfly, [468]
Sword, [56]
Sword-grass, [57]
Synapta, [40], [470]
Synovia, [454]
T.
Tachina, [172]
Tail of Scorpion, [66]
Tailor-bird, [406]
Tearing Weapons, [112]
Teazle, [339]
Teeth, [327]
Telegraph, [487]
Terebella, [218]
Teredo, [200]
Termite, [153], [182], [394]
Thaumatrope, [302]
Thigh-bone, [314]
Thornback-crab, [147]
Throwing-stick, [79]
Ties, [194]
Tiger-beetle, [134]
Tiger-claw, [112]
Tiger-moth, [403]
Tiles, [187]
Tillage, [492]
Tipula, [337]
Toggle, [316]
Tools, [222]
Tools of Measurement, [267]
Top, [503]
Torpedo, [485]
Tortoise, [229]
Toucan, [346]
Trachea of Animals, [380]
Trachea of Insects, [376]
Trap-door Spider, [175]
Traveller’s Tree, [423]
Tree-caddis, [111]
Trench, [150]
Trichiosoma lucorum, [242]
Tripod Wheel-bearer, [461]
Triquetra, [219]
Troglodytes calvus, [160]
Trombone, [520]
Trunk-fish, [122]
Trypoxylon aurifrons, [312]
Tunnel, [168], [199]
Turbine Pump, [497]
Turkish Bath, [426]
Turtle, [229]
U.
Ulna, [194]
Umbrella, [407]
Useful Arts, [308]
V.
Vallisneria Plant, [38]
Varnish, [219]
Velella, [2]
Venus Fly-trap, [97]
Vertebræ of Snake, [314]
Victoria Regia, [196]
Violet Snail, [48]
Voltaic Pile, [484]
W.
Walls, [177]
Walrus, [41], [136]
Waraus, [162]
Wart-biter, [231]
Wasp, [474]
Wasp-comb, [167]
Water-boatman, [13]
Water-fall, [431]
Water-gnat, [467]
Water-lily, [382]
Water Main, [497]
Water-ram, [434]
Water-snail, [6]
Water-spider, [383]
Water-tank, [423]
Water Telescope, [291]
Water Turbine, [463]
Wax, [220]
Wax-moth, [151]
Weaver-bird, [169], [185]
Webbed Feet, [467]
Wet-bulb Thermometer, [428]
Wheat Straw, [27]
Wheel, [469]
Wheel Animalculæ, [306]
Whelk, [245]
Whirlwig-beetle, [22], [292]
Whispering Gallery, [526]
Wind, [442]
Window, [190]
Woodpecker, [256]
Woolly Bear, [110]
Wurble-fly, [396]
Z.
Zarabatana, [76]
Zoetrope, [305]
Zostera marina, [473]
THE END.
PRINTED BY J. S. VIRTUE AND CO. LIMITED, CITY ROAD, LONDON.
| Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber: |
|---|
| Bombadier-beetle=> Bombardier-beetle {pg 144} |
| very ong after=> very long after {pg 262} |
| the Multipying-glass=> the Multiplying-glass {pg 290} |
| fills the air=> fill the air {pg 356} |
| cook their flood=> cook their food {pg 412} |
| If the hand move towards=> If the hand move towards {pg 444} |
| protecting the yelk=> protecting the yolk {pg 511} |
