Proper Temperature of Building
It is certain that temperature of the dwelling should be properly regulated and that it should not vary with the temperature outdoors, especially in the winter time. The heat equilibrium of the body may be easily disturbed by sudden changes in the temperature of the dwelling. Because there is an increased expenditure of the internal energy to bring about adaptation, the internal forces are dissipated and this lowers the resistance of the body and makes the individual susceptible to incoördination.
A high temperature with a relatively low percentage of humidity will cause an abnormal evaporation from the skin and mucous membrane. This gives not only a sense of chilliness but causes an abnormal dryness of the skin and produces an irritation in the throat and nose. On the contrary, the bodily heat will be withdrawn too rapidly in a temperature that is too low.
There are many factors to consider in determining the proper temperature of a room or a dwelling. The time of year, the processes carried on within the dwelling, the use of the rooms—that is, whether they are used for sleeping-rooms, living-rooms, or workrooms—all tend to influence the degree of temperature most advantageous to the inmates of the room.
In determining the proper temperature of a room the relative humidity that is to be maintained must be considered. A hot dry air is more desirable than a cool damp air. In winter the variation in the temperature of the average dwelling should be between 58° F. and 70° F. with a relative humidity of 40% to 60%. The temperature should be lower in the bedroom than in the living-room.
The great objection to the average heating system is that the air is kept too dry; therefore, it is necessary to keep the temperature of the rooms too high in order for the individuals to keep warm.