FOOTNOTES:
The term "benefit" is used in this monograph to include all forms of mutual insurance other than those directly connected with the enforcement of trade-union rules by collective bargaining. "Strike benefits" and "victimized benefits" are thus without the scope of the study.
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. I, p. 309.
Proceedings of the Twentieth Session, 1895, Report of the President.
The dates given indicate the years in which the unions first succeeded in adopting national benefits of some kind, and not the dates on which successful systems were inaugurated. For example, the Cigar Makers' system of travelling loans adopted in 1867 and its "endowment plan" adopted in 1873 were unsuccessful and the present system was not adopted until 1880. (Cigar Makers' Journal and Program, twentieth session, pp. 57-63.)
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 26, September, 1901.
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 10, Aug., 1885; Vol. 19, May, 1894, p. 8. The records of initiations and suspensions for various periods in the history of the union also show the increase in the power to retain members. During 1877-1879, with only strike benefits in operation, 3000 members were initiated and 2750 were suspended; from September, 1879, to September, 1880, with strike and travelling benefits in force, 5453 were initiated and 1853, or 33.9 per cent., were suspended, while from September, 1880, to September, 1881, when a sick benefit was also being paid, 7402 were initiated, and 1867, or 25.2 per cent., were suspended. (Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 6, June, 1881, p. i; Vol. 7, October, 1881, p. 3.)
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 33, p. 73; Vol. 36, p. 78.
Proceedings of the Fifth Convention, Detroit, 1902; Shoe Workers' Journal, Vol. 5, February, 1904, pp. 19, 25.
Barbers' Journal, Vol. 10, p. 10; Shoe Workers' Journal, Vol. 2, April, 1901, p. 6.
Order of Railway Conductors, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, Order of Railroad Telegraphers, Switchmen's Union, Brotherhood of Maintenance-of-Way Employees, and National Association of Letter Carriers.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, February, 1867.
Ibid., Vol. 5, p. 294.
Ibid., Vol. 3, p. 232.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 4, p. 31.
Ibid., Vol. 25, p. 951; Vol. 31, p. 504.
Proceedings, 1868-1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 13.
Proceedings, 1868-1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 19.
Ibid., p. 42.
Ibid., pp. 48-49.
Ibid., pp. 395, 435.
Locomotive Firemen's Magazine, Vol. 14, p. 998.
Ibid., Vol. 14, p. 998.
Ibid., Vol. 13, p. 247; Vol. 24, p. 195.
Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Convention, 1905 (Cleveland, n.d.), p. 121.
Trainmen's Journal, Vol. 23, p. 100.
Constitution, 1903 (St. Louis, n.d.), pp. 5, 7.
The Railroad Telegrapher, Vol. 21, p. 292.
Vol. 6, p. 310.
Vol. 14, p. 880.
Switchmen's Journal, Vol. 2, p. 247.
Switchmen's Journal, Vol. 1, p. 244.
Advance Advocate, Vol. 7, p. 106.
Constitution, 1904 (Washington, 1904), p. 3.
The Postal Record, Vol. 4, pp. 8, 118, 119.
Ibid., Vol. 5, p. 528.
Proceedings of the Order of Railway Conductors of America, 1868-1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 207.
Ibid., p. 21.
Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Convention, 1905 (Cleveland, n.d.); Report of Secretary-Treasurer, p. 124.
Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Convention, 1905 (Cleveland, n.d.), pp. 65-66.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 1, p. 9.
Constitution, 1869, in Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 4, p. 31.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 5, p. 11; Vol. 7, pp. 28, 60.
Ibid., Vol. 7, pp. 28-60; Vol. 11, p. 78; Constitution, 1884 (Cleveland, 1884).
Proceedings of the Order of Railway Conductors of America, 1868-1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 19.
Constitution, 1903 (St. Louis, ii. d.), p. 106.
The Postal Record, Vol. 15, pp. 235, 254-257.
The Postal Record, Vol. 15, p. 301.
Ibid., Vol. 17, p. 6.
Ibid., Vol. 15, p. 302.
The Postal Record, Vol. 17, p. 6.
Ibid., Vol. 19, p. 7.
Ibid., Vol. 16, p. 237.
Ibid., Vol. 18, p. 215.
Ibid., Vol. 18, pp. 214-215.
Constitution of Retirement Association, 1905, Art. 7; Postal Record, Vol. 19, pp. 2-6.
The Postal Record, Vol. 19, p. 2.
Ibid., Vol. 17, p. 11.
The Postal Record, Vol. 17, p. 6.
Constitution 1905, Art. 12, in The Postal Record, Vol. 19, pp. 2-6.
The Postal Record, Vol. 18, pp. 220-222.
The Postal Record, Vol. 19, p. 6.
Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Session of the Order of Railway Conductors of America, 1887 (n.p., n.d.), p. 69.
Constitution, 1899 (Cleveland, 1898), Art. 28.
Constitution of the Letter Carriers of the United States, 1905, Art. 13, in The Postal Record, Vol. 19, No. 1, p. 3.
Constitution of the Locomotive Engineers, 1869, in Journal, Vol. 4, p. 31; Proceedings of the Railway Conductors, 1868-1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 119; Locomotive Firemen's Magazine, Vol. 21, p. 181.
Proceedings of the Eighteenth Convention, 1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 754; The Railway Conductor, Vol. 4, p. 188.
Constitutions for the several years. Reference is made to the Trackmen's Constitution, 1893 (n.p. n.d.); Proceedings of the Second Annual Convention, 1893, in Advance Advocate, Vol. 2.
The Postal Record, Vol. 5, p. 185.
Ibid., Vol. 5, p. 138.
Constitution, 1886 (Terre Haute, n.d.), sec. 71.
Constitution, 1887, Arts. 12-13, in the Railroad Telegrapher, Vol. 2.
Constitution, 1888, second edition (Rochester, 1890), p. 38.
Constitution, 1894 (Peoria, 1895).
Constitution, 1903 (Pittsburg, 1903), pp. 80, 86.
Constitution, 1888 (Terre Haute, 1888), secs. 50, 52, 53.
Under a unique system, known as the "Post Mortem Deduction" scheme, the actual value of a certificate of the Letter Carriers' Association at date of issue is fifteen per cent. less than its face value plus the amount of one assessment, and the value of the certificate does not become equal to its face value until the member has paid assessments equal to fifteen per cent. of the face amount (Constitution, 1904, pp. 67-68).
Report of W.S. Carter, Grand Secretary-Treasurer, June 30,1904.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 38, p. 966.
Postal Record, Vol. 19, p. 10.
Locomotive Firemen's Magazine, Vol. 21, p. 181.
Advance Advocate, Vol. 5, p. 485.
Constitution, amended 1902 (Peoria, n.d.), sec. 163.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 37, p. 446; Vol. 18, p. 654.
These amounts have been furnished by the grand secretary-treasurers of the several organizations, except those of the Telegraphers and the Maintenance-of-Way Employees, which have been taken from the 1903 constitutions and represent the amount of the regular monthly assessment.
The letter carriers' rate is that of the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, the rates of the other classes of employees are those of the Aetna Life Insurance Company.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 22, p. 33.
Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Convention of the American Federation of Labor, 1904, p. 46.
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 25, June, 1889; Constitution, 1878 (Cincinnati, 1878), Art. 17.
Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Convention, Milwaukee, 1901; Report of Secretary Launer (Milwaukee, 1901).
Constitution, 1878 (Cincinnati, 1878); Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 26, May, 1890, p. 2.
Constitution, 1880 (New York, 1880), Art. 13.
See page 12.
Constitution of the Watch Case Engravers' International Association of America, 1901 (New York, n.d.), p. 21; Constitution of the Saw Smiths' Union of North America, 1902 (Indianapolis, n.d.), p. 8.
Iron Molders' Journal, March, 1871.
Constitution, 1877 (Rockland, 1877), Arts. 1-2.
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 26, May, 1890, p. 2.
Constitution, 1884 (Quincy, n.d.), p. 11 ff.
The death benefits established by the Cigar Makers and Iron Molders in 1870 and 1879 were for $40 and $100. The ordinary death benefit in American trade unions is still a sum assumed to be sufficient to inter decently the deceased.
Constitution, 1903 (Indianapolis, n.d.), secs. 65 and 98.
Constitution, 1904 (Boston, n.d.), sec. 68.
Constitution, 1904 (La Fayette, n.d.), sec. 133.
Those unions that pay a death benefit and make no provision for total or permanent disability are: Bakers' and Confectioners' Union, Barbers' International Union, Cigar Makers, Elastic Goring Weavers' Association, United Garment Workers, Glass Bottle Blowers' Association, Granite Cutters' Association, United Hatters, Hotel and Restaurant Employees, Iron, Steel and Tin Workers' Association, Jewelry Workers' Union, Brotherhood of Leather Workers on Horse Goods, Lithographers' Association, Metal Polishers' Union, Pattern Makers' League, Piano and Organ Workers' Union, Plumbers' Association, Printing Pressmen's Union, Retail Clerks' Association, Saw Smiths' Union, Stone Cutters' Association, Stove Mounters' Union, Street Railway Employees' Association, Tailors' Union, Tobacco Workers' Union, Typographical Union, Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, Watch Case Engravers' Association, Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers' Union.
Originally, the Granite Cutters paid a disability benefit of five hundred dollars. By 1878 the amount of the disability benefit had been made variable, being raised by an assessment of fifty cents on each member of the Union. About 1884 the disability benefit was abandoned.
The Cigar Makers retain fifty dollars until the death of the member.
The Carpenter, Vol. 2, No. 8, p. 5; Vol. 4, August, 1884.
Constitution of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 1888 (n.p., n.d.), p. 10; Constitution, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 18.
Constitution of the Iron Molders' Union of North America, 1878 (Cincinnati, 1878), p. 51.
Constitution of the Granite Cutters' International Association of America, 1877 (Rockland, 1877), p. 27.
Constitution, 1882 (Cincinnati, 1882), Art. 17; Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 16, June and August, 1880; Constitution, 1890 (Cincinnati, 1890); Constitution, 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), p. 40.
Constitution, 1880 (Maplewood, 1880), p. 18.
Constitution, 1886 (n.p., n.d.), p. 11; Constitution, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 19.
Constitution, 1900 (Chicago, n.d.), p. 23; Constitution, 1903, p. 11.
Constitution of the Amalgamated Wood-Workers' International Union of America, 1905 (Chicago, n.d.), p. 42.
Proceedings of the Twenty-third Convention, American Federation of Labor, 1903 (Washington, 1903), p. 41; Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Convention, American Federation of Labor, 1904 (Washington, 1904), p. 46.
American Federationist, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 61.
The Carpenter, Vol. 4, August, 1884.
The Painter, Vol. 1, April, 1887; Vol. 17, p. 529.
Constitution of the Cigar Makers' International Union of America, 1887 (Buffalo, 1888), Art. 10.
The Tailor, Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 16.
Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Convention (Washington, 1904), p. 46.
An English union with branches in the United States, with a voting strength of fifty in the American Federation of Labor, representing about four thousand members.
Constitution, 1877 (Rockland, Maine, 1877), p. 30.
Constitution of the Granite Cutters' International Association of America, 1888, Art. 38 (New York, 1888); Constitution, 1897 (Baltimore, n.d.), p. 32.
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 6, Oct., 1880, p. 7.
Ibid., Vol. 3, Oct., 1877, p. 3.
Ibid., Vol. 5, June, 1879, p. 1; October, 1880, p. 7.
Constitution, 1881 (New York, 1881), Art. 9.
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 14, August, 1889, pp. 10-11.
25-jährige Geschichte der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, p. 6; American Federationist, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 60.
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 1, p. 309.
Proceedings of the Twentieth Convention, Chicago, 1895 (Cincinnati, 1895).
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 31, No. 8, p. 3; Proceedings of Twentieth Convention, Chicago, 1895 (Cincinnati, 1895), p. 100.
Constitution, 1895 (Cincinnati, 1895), Art. 17.
Proceedings of the Second Convention, Boston, 1896 (Lynn, n.d.), pp. 42-46; Third Convention, Boston, 1897 (Lynn, n.d.); Fourth Convention, Rochester, 1899 (Lynn, n.d.).
Constitution, 1899, sec. 65.
The Society of Carpenters, founded at Halifax, Nova Scotia, February 18, 1798, provided in its constitution that all members of twelve months' standing, if sick and confined to bed, should receive two shillings per week; if able to walk about but unable to work, they should receive such a sum as the Society thought wise (Constitution, 1798, [MS.]).
Proceedings of the Sixth General Convention, Chicago, 1890 (Philadelphia, 1890).
The Carpenter, Vol. 16, October, 1896; Vol. 18, October, 1898, p. 8.
Proceedings of the Forty-second Convention, Louisville, 1894, p. 3.
Proceedings of the Forty-fourth Convention, 1898, in Supplement to The Typographical Journal, November, 1898, p. 99.
See below, p. 104.
Iron Molders' Constitution, 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), p. 37; Cigar Makers' Constitution, 1896, fourteenth edition (Chicago, n.d.), p. 34; Tobacco Workers' Constitution, 1900, third edition, 1905 (Louisville, n.d.), p. 25; Barbers' Constitution, 1902, p. 10; Garment Workers' Constitution, 1902, p. 37; Piano and Organ Workers' Constitution, 1902 (n.p., 1903), p. 18; Boot and Shoe Workers' Constitution, 1906, p. 31; Pattern Makers' Constitution, 1906, p. 48; Leather Workers on Horse Goods' Constitution, 1905, p. 21.
See page 80.
Exemption of half dues.
The Boot and Shoe Workers, who have a large number of female members, provide that "female members shall not be entitled to [sick] benefits while pregnant nor for five weeks after confinement" (Constitution, 1906, sec. 64).
See table on page 78.
Constitution, 1906 (Boston, 1906), pp. 30-32; Proceedings of the Seventh Convention, 1906, pp. 44-45.
Constitution, 1906 (New York, n.d.), p. 41.
Constitution, 1880, Art. 12.
Constitution, 1881 (New York, 1881), Art. 9; 1884 (New York, 1884), Art. 9; 1891 (Buffalo, 1892), p. 28.
25 jährige Geschichte der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, p. 35.
American Federationist, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 62.
Constitution, 1877 (Rockland, 1877), p. 31.
Iron Molders' Journal, September, 1902, Supplement, p. 648.
Weyl, "Benefit Features of British Trade Unions" in Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, No. 64, p. 722.
The Amalgamated Carpenters, an English union which had in 1902 forty-four branches with 3307 members in the United States, also pay an out-of-work benefit.
Journal, Vol. 1, September, 1876, p. 1.
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 2, April, 1877, p. 2; Vol. 3, October, 1877, p. 3; Vol. 5, September, 1879, p. 3.
Ibid., Vol. 8, September, 1883, p. 9; Vol. 11, October, 1885, p. 6; Vol. 13, July, 1888, p. 7; Vol. 14, December, 1888, p. 3; Vol. 15, October, 1889, pp. 17-18; Constitution, amended 1889, Art. 8.
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 15, February, 1890, p. 9.
Ibid., Vol. 17, October, 1891, p. 5 (Supplement).
Proceedings of the Twenty-first Session, September, 1896; in Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 22, No. 1.
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 31, April, 1906, p. 13.
American Federationist, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 61.
Ibid.
See table, page 91.
Constitution, 1902 (Danville, Ill., n.d.), p. 14.
Constitution, 1902 (New York, n.d.), p. 6.
Constitution, 1906 (New York, n.d.), p. 17.
Typographical Journal, Vol. 7, No. 5, p. 3.
Proceedings of the Forty-second Annual Session, 1894, p. 3.
Proceedings of the Forty-third Annual Session, 1896, pp. 76, 86.
The Carpenter, Vol. 14, September, 1894; Vol. 16, September, 1896.
Proceedings of the Fifth Convention, 1902, p. 28.
Constitution of the Cigar Makers' International Union of America, 1896, thirteenth edition (Chicago, n.d.), sec. 117; Constitution of the Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, 1901.
Constitution, 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), Art. 19. Until 1899 the unemployed member must not have been in arrears for more than four weeks' dues, and the benefit did not begin until he had been idle four weeks. (Constitution, 1898.)
Proceedings of Twenty-second Session, p. 646. In Supplement to Iron Molders' Journal, September, 1902.
Constitution, 1900, third edition, 1905 (Louisville, n.d.), sec. 43.
Constitution, 1906 (Quincy, n.d.), p. 45.
Constitution, 1904 (Kansas City, n.d.), p. 22.
Constitution, 1905 (Indianapolis, n.d.), sec. 195.
Constitution, 1905 (Quincy, n.d.), p. 45.
Constitution of the Leather Workers on Horse Goods, 1905 (Kansas City, n.d.), p. 22; Constitution of the International Tobacco Workers' Union, 1900, third edition, 1905 (Louisville, n.d.), sec. 43.
Approximate number only. Data furnished by Mr. R.H. Metcalf, financier of the union.
Constitution, 1867, Art. 11.
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 1, October 5, 1878, p. 3.
Ibid.
Ibid. Vol. 4, August, 1879, p. 2.
Constitution, 1880 (New York, 1880), Art. 4.
Constitution, 1884 (New York, 1884), Art. 7; 1896, fourteenth edition, (Chicago, n.d.), p. 27. (Issued in 1906.)
Constitution, 1880 (New York, 1880), Art. 4; 1896, thirteenth edition, (Chicago, n.d.), p. 28.
Constitution, 1904 (Kansas City, n.d.), p. 21.
Report of Industrial Commission, Vol. 17, Introduction, p. XLII.
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 31, April 15, 1906.
Hugo Miller, 25-jährige Geschichte der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, 1873-1898, p. 58; Jahres-Bericht, 1899-1906.
Report of Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Convention, American Federation of Labor, 1904 (Washington, 1904), p. 46.
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 6, July, 1881, p. 1.
Ibid., Vol. 9, July, 1884, p. 3.
Weyl, "Benefit Features of British Trade Unions," in Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, Vol. 12, p. 722.
Proceedings of the Seventh Convention, Chicago, 1858 (New York, 1858), p. 11; Proceedings of the Ninth Convention, Nashville, 1860 (Boston, 1860), pp. 53-54.
Constitution, 1876 (Cincinnati, 1876), Art. 18.
Constitution, 1878 (Cincinnati, 1878), Art. 17; Iron Molders' Journal, August, 1878, p. 4; October, 1878, p. 30.
Proceedings of the Eleventh General Convention of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, Scranton, 1900 (Scranton, 1900). p. 67.
Proceedings of the Twelfth General Convention, 1902 (Atlanta, 1902), pp. 123, 163; The Carpenter, Vol. 22, November, 1902, p. 3; Vol. 23, No. 1.
Constitution, 1905 (Boston, n.d.), p. 28.
Constitution, 1904 (Chicago, n.d.), pp. 52-53.
Constitution, 1906 (New York, n.d.), pp. 15-16.
Constitution, 1902, Art. 11.
Constitution, 1905 (Quincy, n.d.), p. 45.
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 7, March, 1871.
Typographical Union, Constitution, 1904 (Indianapolis, n.d.), p. 26; Plumbers' Constitution, 1904 (Chicago, n.d.), pp. 19-21; Painters' Constitution, 1904 (La Fayette, n.d.), secs. 230-241; Boot and Shoe Workers' Constitution, 1904 (Boston, n.d.), sec. 7; Tobacco Workers' Constitution, 1900, third edition, 1905 (Louisville, n.d.), pp. 10-15; Leather Workers on Horse Goods, Constitution, 1904 (Kansas City, n.d.), p. 7; Barbers' Constitution, 1905 (Indianapolis, n.d.), pp. 13-14.
Constitution of the Railroad Trainmen, 1903 (Cleveland, 1903), sec. 58; Constitution of the Switchmen's Union of North America. 1903 (Buffalo, n.d.), sec. 57.
Constitution, 1903 (St. Louis, n.d.), Article 23, p. 109.
Constitution, amended, 1902 (Peoria, n.d.), sec. 52.
Constitution, 1903 (Cedar Rapids, n.d.), Article 27, p. 86.
Constitution of the Boot and Shoe Workers' Union, 1904 (Lynn, 1904), p. 25; Constitution of the Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paperhangers of America, 1906 (La Fayette, n.d.), p. 39; Constitution of the Tobacco Workers' Union, 1900, third edition, 1905 (Louisville, n.d.), p. 18.
The following are the more important unions making no allocation of their funds: Cigar Makers, Typographia, Piano and Organ Workers, and Plumbers.
Constitution of the Iron Molders' Union of North America, 1902 (Cincinnati, n. d.), p. 20; Constitution of the International Typographical Union of North America, 1904 (Indianapolis, 1904) p. 10.
Proceedings of the Twenty-second Session, Toronto, 1902, p. 646 (Supplement to Iron Molders' Journal, September, 1902).
Proceedings of the Forty-sixth Session, Milwaukee, 1900, pp. 51, 99 (Supplement to Typographical Journal, September, 1900).
The Carpenter, Vol. 16, October, 1896.
Iron Molders' Constitution, 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), p. 41; Cigar Makers' Constitution, 1896, fourteenth edition (Chicago, n.d.), sec. 151; Painters' Constitution, 1906 (La Fayette, n.d.), sec. 151.
Iron Molders' Constitution, 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), p. 40; Carpenters' Constitution, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 19; Painters' Constitution, 1904 (La Fayette, n.d.), p. 29; Glass Workers' Constitution, 1903 (n.p., n.d.)5 p. 11; Wood Workers' Constitution, 1905 (Chicago, n.d.), sec. 137; Metal Workers' Constitution, 1903 (Joliet, n.d.), sec. 115.
Proceedings of the Nineteenth Session of the Iron Molders' Union of North America, 1890, Report of President (Cincinnati, n.d.); Proceedings of the Seventh General Convention of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 1892, Report of the President (Philadelphia, 1892).
Constitution of the Iron Molders' Union of North America 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), p. 41; Constitution of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), secs. 109-110; Constitution of the Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paperhangers of America, 1906 (La Fayette, n.d.), secs. 84-87.
Constitution of the Railway Conductors of America, 1903 (Cedar Rapids, n.d.), p. 82; Constitution of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 19.
Constitution of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, 1905 (Indianapolis, n.d.), p. 30; Constitution of the Switchmen's Union of North America, 1903 (Buffalo, n.d.), p. 20.
Constitution of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 1903 (Cleveland, 1903), p. 35.
Constitution of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 1903 (Cleveland, 1903), p. 35; Constitution of the Switchmen's Union of North America, 1903 (Buffalo, n.d.), p. 16; Constitution of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 19; Constitution of the Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paperhangers of America, 1906 (La Fayette, n.d.), p. 20.
Constitution of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, 1905 (Indianapolis, n.d.), p. 34; Constitution of the Maintenance-of-Way Employees, 1903 (St. Louis, n.d.), p. 13; Constitution of the Grand International Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, 1904 (Cleveland, 1904), p. 85.
Constitution of the Railroad Trainmen, 1903 (Cleveland, 1903), p. 39.
Proceedings of the Twenty-second Convention, 1902, in Supplement to Iron Molders' Journal, September, 1902; Proceedings of the Twenty-third Convention, in Supplement to Iron Molders' Journal, September, 1907.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 28, p. 360.
Proceedings of the Nineteenth Convention of the Order of Railway Conductors, New Orleans, 1887 (Cedar Rapids, n.d.), pp. 51-52, 63.
Proceedings of the Nineteenth Convention of the Order of Railway Conductors, New Orleans, 1887 (Cedar Rapids, n.d.), pp. 155-156.
Hurd, Revised Statutes of Illinois, 1901 (Chicago, 1901), secs. 258-260, p. 1071.
Letter to the author, February 14, 1905.
Constitution, 1901 (La Fayette, n.d.), p. 1. Chartered under the laws of the State of Indiana.
Constitution of the Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators, and Paperhangers of America, 1899 (La Fayette, n.d.), pp. 2-5.