INDEX
Aborigines of Australia, the severity with which they punish sexual offences, [71] sqq.
Abraham and Sarah, [60] sq.
Action and opinion, their relative values for society, [155]
Adulterer and injured husband, physical relationship supposed to exist between, [104] sq.
—— called a murderer, [65], [104]
Adultery, expiation for, [44] sq.; disastrous effects supposed to flow from, [44] sqq., [60] sq.; punishment of, [46], [50] sq., [63] sqq.; supposed to be dangerous to the culprits, their spouses, and their offspring, [102] sqq. See also Infidelity.
Africa, superstitious veneration for kings in, [12] sqq.; superstition as a support of property in, [38] sqq.; disastrous effects supposed to flow from sexual immorality in, [54] sqq.; British Central, [66], [79], [105]; British East, [77], [81], [92], [105], [115], [123]; German East, [92], [105], [106]; North, [119]
Akamba, the, of British East Africa, [77] sq., [105]
Akikuyu, the, of British East Africa, [92], [105], [115], [128]
Aleutian hunters, [106]
Algonquin Indians, their modes of keeping off ghosts, [139]
Amboyna, taboo in, [27] sq.
America, Indians of North, [130] sq.; the discovery of, [173]
Amulets for the protection of fruit-trees, [29] sqq.
Analogy between the reproduction of men, animals, and plants, [99] sqq.
Ancestor-worship, [7]
Anger of gods or spirits at sexual offences, [44], [46], [47], [50], [51], [54], [55] sq., [57], [61], [63], [107]
Angola, [108]; Cazembes of, [11]
Angoni, the, of British Central Africa, [79], [132]
Annam, savages of, [46]
Annamites, the, [33]
Anne, Queen, [18]
Anointing the nail instead of the wound, [166]
Antambahoaka, the, of Madagascar, [59]
Anthropology, social, the scope of, [157] sqq.
Anyanja, the, of British Central Africa, [66], [79], [105]
Arab merchant in Darfur, [39]
Araucanians of Chili, [84]
Arawaks of British Guiana, [83]
Areopagus, trials for murder before the, [156]
Argos, massacre at, [115]
Aricara Indians, [118]
Armenians, their mutilation of the dead, [133]
Assam, tribes of, [45]
Attic law as to homicides, [114]
Atua, guardian spirit, [118]
Atua tonga, divinity, [8]
Australia, aborigines of, the severity with which they punish sexual offences, [71] sqq.
——, Western, [74]
Australian aborigines, their precautions against ghosts, [137]
Avebury, Lord, [159]
Avoidance, ceremonial, of relations by marriage, [75] sqq.; a precaution against incest, [75], [84] sqq., [93]; of wife’s mother, [75] sqq., [86] sq., [90] sq.; between father-in-law and daughter-in-law, [76]; between various relations, [76] sq.; between father and daughter, [78], [85], [87]; between father-in-law and son-in-law, [79] sq.; of wife of wife’s brother, [80]; of brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, [81]; of future parents-in-law, [81], [83]; between woman and her father-in-law, [82]; between a man and his father-in-law, [82], [83]; of blood relations, [84] sqq.; between brother and sister, [85], [86], [87], [88], [90]; between mother and son, [85], [86], [87]
Awemba, the, of Northern Rhodesia, [66], [79], [103] sq., [120]
Babylonian code of Hammurabi, [64]
—— kings, their curses, [37] sq.
Baddat Dyaks of Borneo, [48]
Baganda, punishment of sexual offences among the, [64] sq.; rules of ceremonial avoidance among the, [90] sq.; their ideas as to adultery, [102] sq.; their ideas as to effect of wife’s infidelity on absent husband, [106] sq.
Bakerewe, a Bantu people, [78]
Bali, punishment of incest and adultery in, [68]
Balkan peninsula, the Slavs of the, [97]
Balonda, the, [38]
Bangala, the, of the Upper Congo, [107]
Banggai Archipelago, [54]
Banishment of homicides, [113] sqq.
Banner, a fairy, [17]
Bantu tribes, [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [103], [123]
Bantus, the, of South Africa, their customs as to the marriage of cousins, [91]
Barea, the, tribe on the borders of Abyssinia, [66]
Barring the road from the grave against the ghost, [138] sq.
Basis of morality shifted from supernatural to natural, [153]
Basoga, the, of Central Africa, [65]
Bastards put to death, [96], [97]
Basutos, the, [56]; purification for homicide among the, [120] sq.
Batamba, the, of Busoga, [76]
Batang Lupar river in Borneo, [48]
Battas, or Bataks, of Sumatra, their ideas as to sexual immorality, [46]; their punishment of adultery, [69]; their rules of ceremonial avoidance, [85]
Bavili, the, of Loango, [55]
Ba-Yaka, the, of the Congo Free State, [124]
Beech, M. W. H., [129] n. 1
Belief in immortality a fruitful source of war, [129] sq.; waste of life and property entailed by the, [111] sq.
Bella Coola Indians, mourning customs of the, [144]
Beni Amer, tribe on the borders of Abyssinia, [66]
Bering Strait, [132]
Besisi, the, of the Malay Peninsula, [137]
Bhotias, the, of the Himalayas, [141]
Bilaspore in India, [133]
Bismarck Archipelago, [131]
Black and white Furies, [117]
Blood of pigs used in expiatory ceremonies, [44] sqq.; of incestuous persons not to be shed on the ground, [52], [53], [68]; of pigs used in ceremonies of purification, [116] sq.; of the slain drunk by the slayers, [118] sq.
—— relations, ceremonial avoidance of, [84] sqq.
Blu-u Kayans, the, of Borneo, [51]
Boas, Franz, quoted, [126] sq., [146] sq.
Bogos, tribe on borders of Abyssinia, [81]
Bolivia, [106]
Boloki, the, of the Congo, [39], [75], [107], [128]
Borneo, the Sea Dyaks of, [34], [47] sq., [51], [136]; pagan tribes of, [49] sq.; tribes of Dutch, [50] sq.
Brazil, Indians of, [96]
British Columbia, mourning customs among the tribes of, [142] sqq.
Brooke, Charles, quoted, [50]
Brooke, Rajah, [12]
Brother and sister, ceremonial avoidance between, [77], [85], [86], [87], [88], [90]; incest of, [51], [54], [59], [60] n. 1, [62], [67], [68]
Brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, mutual avoidance of, [81]
Buduma, the, of Lake Chad, [109]
Bugineese, the, of Celebes, [51]
Bukaua, tribe of German New Guinea, [82], [131]
Bureau of Ethnology in the U.S. America, [175]
Burgundians, the, [16]
Burma, [119], [130], [134], [135], [138]; the Karens of, [44] sq.
Burning as punishment of sexual crime, [63], [64], [68]
Buru, an East Indian island, [109] n. 3
Burying alive as punishment, [46], [68], [69]
Busoga, [76]
Cairbre Musc, Irish legend of, [62]
Calabria, superstition as to murderers in, [119]
Californian Indians, [83]
Cambridge in relation to anthropology, [175]
Cameroon negroes, [116]
Car Nicobar, rite of purification in, [116] sq.
Caribs, the, [83]
Caroline Islands, rules of ceremonial avoidance in the, [87] sq.
Cazembes of Angola, [11]
Celebes, [68]
—— Central, [12], [29], [30], [52], [53], [122]
—— Southern, [51]
Celts of Ireland and Scotland, [17]
Central Provinces of India, [33]
Ceram, island of, [51]; taboo in, [28]
—— Laut Islands, taboo in, [28] sq.
Ceylon, modes of protecting property in, [33]
Chad, Lake, [109]
Charms to protect property, [25] sqq., [38] sq., [41] sqq.; for the protection of fruit-trees, [29] sqq.
Chastity required of those who handle corn or enter a granary, [56] sq.
Chiefs, supernatural powers attributed to, [6] sqq.
Children supposed to suffer for the adultery of their father or mother, [102] sqq.
Chili, [84]
Chinese, their faith in ghosts, [149] sqq.
Chinook Indians, their purification of homicides, [126] sq.
Chins of Burma, their burial customs, [138] sq.
Chitomé, the sacred pontiff of Congo, [108]
Circumcision, orgies at, in Fiji, [60] n. 1
Civilization evolved from savagery, [162]; endangered by superstition, [170]
Clan, marriage within the, forbidden, [45], [65], [71]; marriage within mother’s clan forbidden, [55]
Claudius, the emperor, [61]
Clytemnestra, ghost of, [118]
Codrington, Dr. R. H., [6], [85] n. 1, [86]
Communism, era of sexual, [164] sq.
Comparative Method in anthropology, legitimacy of the, [172]
Condon, Father M. A., quoted, [76] sq.
Confession of sin, [45], [57], [61], [62], [64] sq., [103], [104], [107], [109]
Congo, the, [39], [75], [107], [108], [124]
Consanguineous marriages, question as to the results of, [95] sq.
Continence required at certain times, [106] sq., [108]
Corc and Cormac, Irish legend of, [62] sq.
Corn, chastity required of persons who handle, [56] sq.
Corpses mutilated in order to disable the ghosts, [132] sq., [134], [136], [137]
Cousins, marriage of, [88] sq., [91]; expiation for, [47] sq., [92] sq.; forbidden, [47], [48], [53], [67], [72], [89], [90], [91], [92]; punished, [67]; supposed to be unfruitful, [92]
——, mutual avoidance between male and female, [88] sqq.
Cow’s dung as a detergent of ghosts, [123]
Cowper, the poet, [174]
Crawford, Raymond, [17] n. 5
Criminals, precautions against the ghosts of executed, [132]
Crops, chiefs and kings thought to have power over the, [11] sq., [15], [16] sq.; supposed to be blighted by sexual immorality, [44] sq., [46], [48], [49], [50] sqq.
Cross-stick taboo, [25]
Cumana in South America, [33]
Curses as modes of protecting property, [24] sq., [28], [29], [31] sq., [34] sqq., [40] sq.
Cycles in human affairs, [165] sq.
Cynaetha in Arcadia, [115]
Damzogs, guardian-spirits of property, [39] sq.
Daughter, incest with, [49], [51], [54], [58], [67], [68]; and father, mutual avoidance of, [78]
David, his sin, [107]
Dawson, James, quoted, [71] sq.
Dead, the fear of the, [111] sq.; carried out of house by a special opening, [135]
De Groot, Professor J. J. M., quoted, [150] sq.
Delagoa Bay, [57], [80], [92], [104], [121]
Delphic oracle, [61]
Demeter and Persephone, [36]
Destruction of the property of the dead, [111] sq., [135]
Deuteronomy, [37]
Development of moral theory, hypothetical, [102]
“Devil going on his wife,” [54] n. 2
Devils, exorcism of, [116] sq.
Diana, sacred grove of, [61]
Dinkas, the, of the Upper Nile, [57]
Divinity of Maori chiefs, [7] sqq.; of kings, [10] sqq.
Donaglas, the, [81]
d’Orbigny, A., quoted, [111] sqq.
Doreh in Dutch New Guinea, [131]
Dos Santos, J., Portuguese historian, [13], [14]
Drinking water as test of wife’s fidelity, [107]
Drowning as a punishment for sexual offences, [49], [51], [52], [53], [54], [65], [66], [67], [68]
Dunvegan, [17]
Durham, Miss M. Edith, [97]
Dyaks of Borneo, [47] sq., [51], [137]; curses among the, [34] sqq.
—— of Sarawak, [11]
Early history of mankind, the imperfection of the record, [171] sq.
Earthquakes thought to be caused by sexual immorality, [54]
East Indies, sexual offences severely punished in, [67] sqq.
Edward the Confessor, [18]
Egypt, divinity of kings in ancient, [14] sq.
Ekoi, the, of Southern Nigeria, [39]
Epidemics supposed to be caused by incest, [46], [51]
Eruptions of volcanoes supposed to be caused by incest, [54]
Esquimaux of Bering Strait, [132]
Evolution, a scale of mental, [172]
Ewe negroes of Togoland, [142]
—— speaking tribes of the Slave Coast, [41]
Executioners taste the blood of their victims, [119]
Exorcism of devils, [116] sq.
Expiation for sexual immorality, [44] sqq., [57], [61], [62] sq.; for marriage of cousins, [92] sq.; for incest, [105] sq.; for homicide, [128] sq.
Extinction of the savage, [174] sq.
Fady, or taboo, in Madagascar, [31] sq.
Fairy banner, [17]
—— changeling, [166]
Father, incest with, [106]
—— and daughter, mutual avoidance of, [78], [85], [87]
Father-in-law avoided ceremonially by his daughter-in-law, [82]; avoided ceremonially by his son-in-law, [82], [83]
Fear of ghosts, [111] sqq.; salutary effect of, [111], [113], [149] sqq.; of women who die in pregnancy or childbed, [133] sqq.
Fertility of women and cattle, supposed power of chiefs and kings over the, [14], [16]; of land supposed to be impaired by sexual offences, [44] sqq.
——, Diana a goddess of, [61] sq.
Fetishes in Guinea, [41]
Fetters put on the dead, [137]
Fidelity, test of conjugal, [107]
Fig-tree, sacred, among the Akikuyu, [128] sq.
Fiji, authority of chiefs in, [7]; taboo in, [27]; orgies at circumcision in, [60] n. 1
Fijians, their custom of driving away ghosts, [131] sq.
Finger, sacrifice of, [117]
First-fruits offered to chiefs, [7]
Fish sacred, [36]
Floods supposed to be caused by incest, [49]
Folklore, a department of Social Anthropology, [166], [169]
Food-supply supposed to be affected by improper relations between the sexes, [100] sq.
Fornication, expiation for, [44] sq.; disastrous effects supposed to flow from, [44], [46], [47], [48], [50], [51], [55], [57], [63], [65], [96]; punishment of, [44], [46], [47], [48], [50], [51], [55], [57], [63], [65], [66], [96] sqq.
Frenzy caused by sight or thought of blood, [122] sq.
Fruit-trees, charms for the protection of, [29] sqq.
Furies of Clytemnestra, [117]
Galelareese, the, of Halmahera, [54]
Galton, Sir Francis, [159]
Garcilasso de la Vega, quoted, [15] sq.; on the Incas, [173]
Gardens, superstition as to, [57]
Gennep, A. van, [31]
Ghostly power ascribed to chiefs, [6] sq.
Ghosts as protectors of property, [26]; the fear of, [111] sqq.; salutary effect of belief in, [111], [113], [149] sqq.; of all who have died violent deaths accounted dangerous, [130]; of bad people, precautions against the, [132] sq.; disabled by the mutilation of their corpses, [132] sq., [134], [136], [137]; blinded, [133]
—— and goblins outlast the high gods, [170] sq.
—— of slain especially dreaded by their slayers, [113] sqq.; thought to drive their slayers mad, [117] sqq.; precautions taken by slayers against the, [117] sqq., [123] sqq.; scared or driven away, [126], [130] sqq.; especially dreaded by their kinsfolk and neighbours, [127] sqq.
—— of women dying in pregnancy or childbed especially feared, [133] sqq.
Girdle of red feathers, badge of royalty, [10]
Girschner, Max, quoted, [87] sq.
Goat, expiatory sacrifice of, [92]
Gods or spirits angry at sexual offences, [44], [46], [47], [50], [51], [54], [55] sq., [57], [61], [63], [107]; the creations of man’s fancy, [99]; the stalking-horses of savages, [101]; the high, ephemeral compared to ghosts and goblins, [170] sq.
Government, superstition as a prop of, [6] sqq.; of mankind essentially aristocratic, [167]
Governors, supernatural powers attributed to, [6]
Granaries, superstitions concerning, [56] sq.
Gran Chaco, Indians of the, [140]
Granddaughter, incest with, [48]
Grave, the road from the, barred against the ghost, [138] sq.
Greasing the hands of the dead, [137] sq.
Greece, superstitious veneration for kings in Homeric, [16]
Greegrees, charms, [42]
Greek purification of homicides, [116], [120], [123] sq.
Greeks, the ancient, their use of curses, [36] sq.; their ideas as to incest, [61]; their customs as to homicide, [113] sq.
Grimm, the brothers, [169] sq.
Guiana, British, [83]; Indians of, their notion as to homicides, [117] sq.
Guinea, fetishes in, [41]
Gula, Babylonian goddess, [38]
Haida Indians of Queen Charlotte Islands, [107]
Hair of homicides shaved, [123] sq., [128]
Halmahera, East Indian island, [54]
Hammurabi, code of, [64]
Hanging as punishment for incest, [90]
Hebrews, their ideas as to adultery, [60] sq.
Heraclitus on purification for homicide, [117]
Herbert River in Queensland, [137]
Herero, the, of South Africa, [133]
Herzegovina, [98]
Hindoos of the Punjaub, [133]; ancient, burial custom of the, [137]
Hippopotamus hunters, superstitions of, [57] sqq.
History regulated by general laws, [160]; of mankind, imperfection of the early records, [171] sq.
Hlengoues, the, of South-East Africa, [57]
Hobley, C. W., [105] n. 2; quoted, [115] n. 5
Homicide, purification for, [114], [115] sqq., [120] sqq., [123] sqq.; expiation for, [128] sq.
Homicides fear the ghosts of their victims, [113] sqq.; secluded, [114] sq., [120], [121] sq., [124], [125] sqq.; taste the blood of their victims, [118] sq.
Horror of sexual irregularities among savages, suggested reason for, [101]
Hose, Ch., and McDougall, W., quoted, [49] sq.
Hottentots forbid marriage of cousins, [67]
Howitt, A. W., [75] n. 1, [85] n. 1
Huichol Indians of Mexico, [106]
Human history regulated by general laws, [160]
—— life, superstition as a prop to the security of, [111] sqq.
Huth, A. H., [95]
Hypotheses, their place in science, [172]
Ibo, the, of Nigeria, [119]
Iguana used in magic, [30] sq.
Illegitimate children put to death, [96] sq.
Immorality, sexual, disastrous effects believed to flow from, [44] sqq., [63]; supposed to disturb the course of nature, [99] sqq.; original ground of the conception unknown, [102]; supposed to be injurious to the culprits themselves and their relations, [102] sqq.; superstition as to, [110]
Immortality, waste of life and property entailed by the belief in, [111] sq.; belief in, a fruitful source of war, [129] sq.
Impalement as punishment of adultery, [67]
Inbreeding, question of the effects of, [95] sq.
Incas of Peru, [173]
Incest, disastrous effects supposed to flow from, [45] sqq., [61]; with granddaughter, [48]; with adopted daughter, [49]; punishment of, [49] sq., [51], [52] sqq., [90], [91]; with aunt, [50], [51]; with a mother, [51], [61], [67]; with a niece, [51], [53]; with a daughter, [51], [54], [58], [67], [68]; with a sister, [51], [54], [59], [60] n. 1, [62], [67], [68], [105]; enjoined in certain circumstances, [57] sqq.; expiation for, [105] sq.; with father, [106]
India, superstitious veneration for kings in ancient, [16]
Indian Archipelago, precautions against ghosts of women dying in childbed in the, [136]
Indians of North America, their custom of driving away the ghosts of the slain, [130] sq.
Infanticide in China checked by fear of ghosts, [150] sq.
Infection, physical, supposed to be spread by unchaste persons, [109]
Infertile marriage, dread of, [94]
Infertility thought to be caused by sexual immorality, [57], [60] sq.; of women and cattle supposed to be caused by fornication, [109] sq.
Infidelity of husband supposed to be dangerous to his offspring, [103]; of wife supposed to endanger her husband, [106] sqq. See also Adultery
Inoculation, magical, of hunters, [57] sq.; of homicides, [121]
Insanity, temporary, caused by blood, [122] sq.
Institutions, early history of, imperfections in the records, [171] sq.
Ireland, superstitions as to kings in ancient, [17]
Irish legend as to incest of brother and sister, [62]
Ishtar, the goddess, [38]
Isla del Malhado in Florida, [83]
Issoudun in British New Guinea, [147]
Ja-Luo, the, of Kavirondo, [123]
Job on adultery, [60]
Johnson, Dr. S., [17], [18]; on Voyages to the South Seas, [173]
Jok, ancestral spirits, [57]
Joustra, M., [85] n. 1
Jupagalk tribe of Australia, [74]
Juris, the, of Brazil, [33]
Kabyles, the, of North Africa, [119]
Kachins of Burma, their fear of the ghosts of women dying in childbed, [135] sq.
Kai, the, of German New Guinea, their fear of the ghosts of the slain, [124] sq.
Kamilaroi tribe of New South Wales, [74]
Karens of Burma, their ideas as to sexual immorality, [44] sq.; their dread of ghosts, [130]
Kavirondo, the, of British East Africa, [65], [123]
Kawars, the, [33]
Kayans, the, of Borneo, [49], [50], [51]
Khasis, the, of Assam, [45]
Kickapoo Indians, [130]
Kikuyu. See Akikuyu
King’s Evil, touching for, [17] sq.
Kings, superstitious veneration for, [10] sqq.
—— of Tahiti, their sacredness [10] sq.
Kouis, the, of Laos, [32]
Kubus, the, of Sumatra, [67]
Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, mourning customs of the, [146] sq.
Landmarks protected by gods and curses, [37] sq.
Laos, [32]
Laurel leaves used in purificatory rites, [117]
Laws regulating marriage, their origin unknown, [102]; which regulate human history, [160]
Leaden tablets, [36]
Leaping over grave of murdered man, [119]
Leaves used in exorcism, [116] sq.
Lengua Indians, their fear of ghosts, [140] sq.
Leviticus, [61]
Licence, periods of, [60] n. 1
Lightning a punishment of incest, [45]
Lillooet Indians of British Columbia, mourning customs of the, [145] sq.
Livingstone, David, quoted, [38]
Lkungen or Songish Indians of Vancouver Island, mourning customs of the, [143]
Loango, the king of, [12], [13]; ideas as to sexual immorality in, [54] sq.
Lombok, sexual offences severely punished in, [70]
Looboos, a people of Sumatra, [82], [109]
Looï, pollution incurred by unchastity, [109]
Loowoo, in Celebes, [12]
Louis XV., [18]
Louis XVI., [18]
Low, Hugh, [48]
Lushai, the, of North-Eastern India, [119] sq.
Macassars, the, of Celebes, [51]
McDougall, W., and Hose, Ch., quoted, [49] sq.
Macleods, chief of the, [17]
Madagascar, [59], [106]; taboo in, [31] sq.
Madness supposed to be caused by homicide, [117] sqq.
Magic older than religion, [100]
Magical rites tend to become religious, [100]
Maiming as a punishment of adultery, [64]
Malagasy charms, [31]
Malay Archipelago, taboo in the, [27] sq.
—— Peninsula, [137]
—— peoples, the severity with which they punish sexual offences, [70] sq.
—— region, divinity of kings in the, [11] sqq.
Maloulekes, the, of South-Eastern Africa, [57]
Mamoedjoe, district of Celebes, [68]
Man, the science of, [159] sq.; primæval, unknown, [163] sq.
Mana, supernatural power, [6]
Mangars, a tribe of Nepal, [138]
Mankind dominated by an enlightened minority, [167] sq.
Manslayer. See Homicide
Mantineans, their purification, [115]
Maori chiefs, authority of, [7] sqq.; esteemed gods, [7] sq.
Maoris, taboo among the, [20] sqq.
Marks of taboo to protect property, [25] sqq., [38] sq., [41] sqq.
Marquesas Islands, taboo in the, [23] sq.
Marrah, in Darfur, [39]
Marriage, superstition in relation to, [44] sqq.
—— of cousins, different customs as to the, [88] sq., [91]; forbidden, [89], [90], [91], [92], supposed to be unfruitful, [92]; expiation for the, [92] sq.
—— laws, their origin unknown, [102]
Marriages, consanguineous, question as to the results of, [95] sq.
Masai, the, of British East Africa, [81]; of German East Africa, [105]
Medicine-man, respect for, [14]
Melanesia, taboo as a preserver of property in, [26] sq.
Melanesians, authority of chiefs among the, [6] sq.; rules of ceremonial avoidance amongst the, [86] sq.; of the Bismarck Archipelago, [131]
Men Aziottenos, [37]
Men naturally unequal, [166] sq.
Mental evolution, a scale of, [172]
Meteors, superstition as to, [141]
Milky Way, [141]
Mimic warfare, [129]
Mimicry in magic, [100]
Minority, mankind dominated by an enlightened, [167] sq.
Montenegrin peasantry, their strict views of sexual immorality, [97]
Moral theory, hypothetical development of, [102]
Morality, sexual, enforced by superstition, [44] sqq.; change in the theoretical basis of, [101] sq.; basis of, shifted from supernatural to natural, [153]
Morocco, superstitions concerning granaries in, [56] sq.
Mosaic law, punishments for sexual offences under the, [64]
Mother, incest with a, [51], [61]; and son, ceremonial avoidance between, [85], [86], [87]
Mother-in-law, ceremonial avoidance of, [75] sqq., [86] sq., [90] sq.
Mount Elgon, [123]
Mourning customs of widows and widowers, [142] sqq.
Moxos Indians of Bolivia, [106]
Mukjarawaint tribe of Victoria, [74]
Murderer, rules observed by pardoned, [126]
Murderers, their precautions against the ghosts of their victims, [117] sqq.
Mutilation of corpses in order to disable the ghosts, [132] sq., [134], [136], [137]; of the dying or dead, [141]
Nails used to prevent ghosts from walking, [133]
Names of kings sacred, [10]
Nandi, the, of British East Africa, [14], [56], [66], [118]; curses among the, [40] sq.
Natchez Indians of North America, [124]
Natural inequality of men, [166] sq.
Nature, why illicit relations between the sexes are thought to disturb the balance of, [99] sqq.
—— the Sphinx, [102]
Nebuchadnezzar, the king, quoted, [37] sq.
Nepal, [138]
Nets to catch ghosts, [139]
New Britain, [109]; taboo in, [26] sq.
—— Guinea, British, [125], [147]; Dutch, [131]; German, [82], [124], [127], [131]
—— Hebrides, [86]
—— Mecklenburg, [89]
—— South Wales, [74]
—— Zealand, authority of chiefs in, [7] sqq. Nias, the island of, [46] sq.; curses in, [34]
Niece, incest with, [51], [53]
Niger, tribes of the Lower, [119]
Nile, the Upper, [57]
Ninib, Babylonian god, [38]
Nuru, the spirit of the slain, [121]
Nusku, Babylonian god, [38]
Oaths and imprecations as preservers of property, [24] sqq. See also Curses
Obeah man, magician, [42]
Obi, magic, [42]
Oedipus, the incest of, [61]
Ojèbways, their modes of keeping off ghosts, [139] sq.
Omaha Indians, [132] sq.; their customs as to pardoned murderers, [126]
Opinion and action, their relative values for society, [155]
Orang Glai, the, savages of Annam, [46]
Oraons of Bengal, their fear of the ghosts of women dying in childbed or pregnancy, [134]
Oregon, Chinook Indians of, [126]
Orestes, the matricide, [114], [115], [117], [118], [119], [126]
Orinoco, the, [112]
Ottawa Indians, [131]
Ovakumbi, a tribe of Angola, [108]
Ovambo, a Bantu people of South-West Africa, [80] sq.
Pacific, first exploration of the, [173]
Paestum, the temples at, [170]
Paint-house, the, [55]
Pamali, taboo, [27]
Papuans of New Guinea, [131]; of Issoudun, [147]
Parents-in-law, ceremonial avoidance by man of his future, [81], [83]
Parricide, Roman punishment of, [52]; guilt of, [61]
Pasemhers, a tribe of Sumatra, [69]
Pasir, a district of Borneo, [51]
Patagonians, their fear of the dead, [111] sqq.
Peasantry of Europe, their intellectual savagery, [170]
Pemali, taboo, [27]
Pepper put in eyes of corpse to blind ghost, [133]
Perham, J., [47]
Persephone, [36]
Peru, the Yncas of, [15] sq., [173]
Petara, Dyak name for deity, [47]
Pig’s blood used in ceremonies of purification, [116] sq.
Pigs used in expiatory ceremonies, [44] sqq.
Physical causation, false notions of, [100]
—— infection supposed to be spread by unchaste persons, [109]
—— relationship supposed to exist between adulterer and injured husband, [104] sq.
Plato on sanctity of landmarks, [37]
Pollution, ceremonial, [93], [105]; incurred by homicide, [115] sqq., [128]
——, dangerous, supposed to be incurred by unchastity, [109]
Polynesia, authority of chiefs in, [7] sqq.; taboo in, [20] sqq.
Pomali, taboo, [27]
Pontianak, ghost of woman who died in childbed, [137] n.
Precautions taken by homicides against the ghosts of their victims, [117] sqq., [123] sqq.; against the ghosts of bad people, [132] sq.; against ghosts of women dying in pregnancy or childbed, [133] sqq.; taken by widows and widowers against the ghosts of their spouses, [142] sqq.
Prehistoric ages, imperfections in the records of, [171] sq.
Primæval man unknown, [163] sq.
Primitive, relative sense in which the word is applied to existing savages, [163] sq.
Private property, superstition as a prop of, [20] sqq.
Propagation of animals and plants supposed to be affected by the relations of the human sexes, [99] sqq.
Property, superstition as a support of private, [20] sqq.; of the dead destroyed, [111] sq., [135]
Psanyi, [122]
Punans, the, of Borneo, [50]
Punishments, severe, for sexual offences, [63] sqq., [96] sqq.
Punjaub, the, [133]
Purification for unchastity by means of blood, [44] sqq.; for unchastity by means of water, [109]; for homicide, [114], [115] sqq., [120] sqq., [123] sqq.; and capital punishment, [151] sq.
Queen Anne, [18]
Queen Charlotte Islands, [107]
Queen Draga of Servia, [97]
Queensland, native tribes of, [72] sqq.; their mutilation of the dead, [137]
Rain, kings expected to give, [13] sq.; failure or excess of, supposed to be caused by sexual immorality, [44], [46], [47], [48], [54], [55], [56]
Rajah Brooke, [12]
Rajamahal in Bengal, [45]
Ramanandroany, a Malagasy deity, [31]
Rape, punishment of, [66]
Red paint put on homicides, [118], [124], [127]
Regalia, sanctity of, [11]
Relations by marriage, ceremonial avoidance of, [75] sqq.
Religion supplies the new theoretical basis of sexual morality, [101]; of one generation the superstition of the next, [170] sq.
—— and magic, their relations, [100]
Renan, Ernest, on the menace to civilization, [170]
Reproduction of men, animals, and plants, analogy between the, [99] sq.
Rhodesia, Northern, [66], [79], [103], [120]
Rhys, Sir John, quoted, [54] n. 2, [62] sq.
Rio de Janeiro, [96]
Risley, Sir Herbert H., quoted, [138]
Road from the grave barred against the ghost, [138] sq.
Robert the Pious, [18]
Roman custom as to incest, [61] sq.
—— punishment of parricide, [52]
Roscoe, Rev. J., quoted, [64] sq., [90] sq., [102] sq.
Ruanda, a district of Central Africa, [96]
Sacred chiefs, [7] sqq.
—— fig-tree among the Akikuyu, [128] sq.
—— fish, [36]
Sacredness of chiefs in Polynesia, [7] sqq.
Sahagun on the natives of Mexico, [173]
St. Patrick, canon of, [17]
Samoa, superstition as a preserver of property in, [24] sqq.
Samoan taboos, [25] sq.
Sarah and Abraham, [60] sq.
Sarawak, Hill Dyaks of, [11] sq., [48]
Savage, the, a human document, [172] sq.; the passing of the, [174] sq.
Savage horror of sexual irregularities, suggested reason for, [101]
Savagery, civilization evolved out of, [162]; importance of the study of, [162] sq., [172] sqq.; intellectual, of European peasantry, [170]
Savages of to-day primitive only in a relative sense, [163] sq.
Saxons, their punishment of sexual offences, [97]
Scapegoat for ghosts, [141] sq.
Scarecrows for ghosts, [139]
Scepticism, religious, undermines foundations of society, [7]
Science of man, [159] sq.
——, the temple of, [161]
Scrofula, touching for, [17] sq.
Scythians drank the blood of friends and foes, [118]
Sea-pike taboo, [25]
Seclusion of homicides, [114] sq., [120], [121] sq., [124], [125] sqq.
Semendo, a district of Sumatra, [68]
Servius Tullius, King, [61]
Sexual communism, era of, [164] sq.
—— immorality supposed to be injurious to the culprits themselves and to their relations, [102] sqq.; superstitions as to, [110]
—— morality enforced by superstition, [44] sqq.; change in the theoretical basis of, [101]
—— offences punished severely, [63] sqq., [96] sqq.; reason why savages punish these offences severely, [99] sqq.
“Shaking tubercule,” [32]
Shans, the, of Burma, [119], [134]
Sheep, expiatory sacrifice of, [92], [93]
Shushwap Indians of British Columbia, mourning customs of the, [142] sq.
Siam, [32]
Sibuyaus, the, of Sarawak, [48]
Sibylline Books, [173]
Sickness caused by evil spirits or sorcerers, [141]
“Sickness of relationship,” [76] sq.
Sierra Leone, [42]
Similarity of the human mind in all races, [172]
Sister, incest with a, [51], [54], [59], [60] n. 1, [62], [67], [68], [105]
Sisters and brothers, mutual avoidance of, [77]
Slave Coast, the, [41]
Slavery in England, [169]
Slavs, punishment of sexual offences among the Southern, [97] sq.
Slayers fear the ghosts of their victims, [113] sqq.
Sle, pollution incurred by unchastity, [109]
Smyrna, [36]
Social anthropology, the scope of, [157] sqq.
Society, concerned with conduct, not opinion, [155]; ultimately controlled by knowledge, [167]; sapped by superstition, [170]; its surface in perpetual motion, [171]
Sociology, [160]
Sofala, the king of, [13], [14]
Son-in-law, ceremonial avoidance of, [79] sq.
Sophocles on Oedipus, [61]
Sphinx, riddles of the, [102]
State, duty of the, in regard to anthropology, [175] sq.
Stinks to keep off ghosts, [139]
Stoning as a punishment of sexual offences, [64], [97] sq.
Sulka, the, of New Britain, [109]
Sumatra, [46], [67], [68], [69], [82], [109]
Sun, Yncas descended from the, [15]
Supernatural powers attributed to chiefs, [6] sqq.
Superstition, baneful effects of, [3]; a plea for, [3] sq., [154] sq.; as a prop of government, [6] sqq.; as a prop of private property, [20] sqq.; as a prop of marriage, [44] sqq.; as a prop to the security of human life, [111] sqq.; heavy toll paid to, [113]; services which superstition has rendered to humanity, [154] sq.; at the bar, [155] sq.; the creed of the laggards in the march of intellect, [168] sq.; a danger to society, [170]; the religion of a past generation, [170] sq.
Superstitions either public or private, [169]; the crudest, survive longest, [170] sq.
Superstitious fear of contact with Maori chiefs, [9] sq.
Surface of society in perpetual motion, [171]
Survivals of savagery in civilization, [166]
Swedes, the ancient, [16]
Taboo as a support of chiefs, [7] sqq.; as a prop of private property, [20] sqq.; (tambu) in Melanesia, [26] sq.
Tabooed, homicides, [121]
Tahiti, sacredness of kings of, [10] sq.
Tamanaques, the, of the Orinoco, [112]
Tambu (taboo) in Melanesia, [26] sq.
Tapu (taboo) among the Maoris, [20] sqq.
Tattooing of homicides, [121]
Taylor, Rev. Richard, [8]
Ternate, [54]
Thahu, ceremonial pollution, [93], [105], [115], [128]
Theal, G. McCall, quoted, [91]
Theoretical basis of sexual morality, [101]
Thieves cursed, [34] sqq.
Thompson Indians of British Columbia, mourning customs of the, [144] sq.
Thomson, Basil, quoted, [7]
Thomson, J. Arthur, quoted, [95] sq.
Thonga tribe of South-East Africa, [57], [80], [92], [104]; their purification of homicides, [121] sq.
Thorn bushes to keep off ghosts, [142] sq., [144], [145]
Thunder taboo, [26]
Tigers, plague of, a punishment for sexual offences, [45], [46]
Timor, taboo in, [27]
Togoland, [142]
Tololaki, the, of Central Celebes, [53]
Tomori, the, of Central Celebes, [52]
Tonga, sacredness of chiefs in, [10]; taboo in, [26]
Tonquin, [33]
Toradjas of Central Celebes, [12], [29], [30], [122]; their fear of the ghosts of the slain, [129]
Torture to extract confession, [64] sq.
Touched, chiefs and kings not to be, [9], [11]
Touching for scrofula, [17] sq.
Traitors disembowelled in England, [169]
Travail pangs supposed to be aggravated by adultery, [104]
Travancore, [132]
Trembling thought to be caused by contact with certain relations, [77], [90]
Troezen, purification of Orestes at, [115]
Tsetsaut Indians of British Columbia, mourning customs of the, [143]
Tubercule, the shaking, [32]
Tunguses, their burial customs, [137], [138]
Turner, Dr. George, quoted, [24] sq., [26]
Tylor, Sir E. B., [159]
Ulcer taboo, [25] sq.
Unchastity, supposed physical infection of, [109]
United States of America, their Bureau of Ethnology, [175]
Universities, the function of the, [175]
Unmarried persons, disastrous effects supposed to flow from sexual intercourse between, [44], [46], [47], [48], [50], [51], [55], [57], [63], [65], [96]
Vancouver Island, [143]
Victoria, aborigines of, [71] sq.
—— Nyanza, Lake, [78]
Voyages to the South Seas, [173]
Wagogo, the, of German East Africa, [92], [106]
Wakelbura tribe of Queensland, [72]
Wallace, A. R., quoted, [27], [70]
Wanigela River, [125]
Wanika, the, of East Africa, [38]
War, a sacred duty, [129]; wives expected to be faithful during their husbands’ absence at the, [106] sq.
Warfare, mimic, conducted by women and children at home, [129]
Washamba, the, of German East Africa, [106]
Water ordeal, [107]
Wawanga, the, of British East Africa, [123]
Weeks, Rev. John H., [85] n. 1; quoted, [75] sq., [128]
Welsh saying as to rain, [54] n. 2
West Indies, charms to protect property in the, [42] sq.
Westermarck, Dr. Edward, [32], [56]
White-shark taboo, [25]
Widows and widowers, precautions taken by them against the ghosts of their spouses, [142] sqq.
Wife of wife’s brother, ceremonial avoidance of, [80]
Wife’s mother, ceremonial avoidance of, [75] sqq., [86] sq., [90] sq.
Witches burned in England, [169]
Women dying in pregnancy or childbed, fear of their ghosts, [133] sqq.
Wotjobaluk tribe of Victoria, [74]
Yabim, the, of German New Guinea, [127], [131]
Yncas of Peru, superstitious veneration for the, [15] sq.
Yucatan, Indians of, [83]
Yuin tribe of New South Wales, [74]
Zanzibar, [78]
Zeus as guardian of landmarks, [37]
Zulus, their ideas as to injurious effects of adultery, [107] sq.