Index.

Aachen, fire festival at, ii. [251]

Aargau, trees planted at births in, ii. [330]

Aberdeenshire, ceremony at the cutting of the last sheaf in, i. 345

Abyssinia, rain-making on the outskirts of, i. 53

Abyssinian festivals, ii. [171]

Acagchemen tribe, adoration of the buzzard by the, ii. [90], [91]

Adonis, myth and worship of, i. 279-282, 296;

connection with vegetation, i. 281;

gardens of, i. 284-296;

rites of, similar to those of Osiris, i. 319, 320;

probable origin of the cult of, i. 363;

lament of, i. 280, 399;

as a pig, ii. [49], [50]

Aegira, blood drunk at, before prophesying, i. 34

Aethiopian kings confined to their palaces, i. 164

Afghan Boundary Mission, reception of the, by the natives, i. 155

Afghanistan, reception of strangers in, i. 155

Africa, weather kings common in, i. 44;

reluctance to accept the crown in some parts of West, i. 118, 119;

priestly kings on the west coast of, i. 112;

human heart eaten in the Shire Highlands of, ii. [89]

Ague, cure for, ii. [153]

Aht Indians, seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. [229], [230]

Ain, May-day customs in the Département de l', i. 88

Aino type of sacrament, ii. [134-136]

Ainos, bear festival of the, ii. [101-105];

preparation for fishing, ii. [122];

treatment of the bear, ii. [132]

Alaskan sable hunters, ii. [116]

Alban hills, i. 1;

mount, i. 2

Albania, Easter Eve custom in, i. 276; ii. [181];

scapegoat in, ii. [201], [202];

beating in, ii. [216]

Alexandria, commemoration of the death of Adonis and Aphrodite at, i. 279, 280

Alfoers, function of their high priest Leleen, i. 166;

ceremony for restoring the soul, i. 134, 135;

priest's hair uncut, i. 194;

priest sows the first rice seed and plucks the first ripe rice, ii. [71];

driving away the devil by the, ii. [159]

Algeria, midsummer fires in, ii. [266]

Alligator, the man-eating, ii. [109]

Alps, May-day custom in the, i. 104

Altisheim, harvest custom in, i. 337

Altmark, Whitsuntide customs in, i. 98;

Easter bonfires, ii. [254]

Amboina, soul-abstracting in, i. 139, 140;

sprinkling the sick with spices in, i. 154;

hair burying in, i. 201;

disease boats in, ii. [188];

strength thought to be in the hair in, ii. [328];

offerings of first-fruits in, ii. [377]

Amenhôtep IV and the sun-god, i. 314, 315

America, belief in the resurrection of the buffalo in the western prairies of, ii. [123]

Ammon, rage of the sun-god Ra against, i. 315;

rams held sacred by the worshippers of, ii. [92], [93]

Andamanese belief in the reflection as the soul, i. 145

Anderida, wealds of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, remnants of the forest of, i. 57

Angel-man, beheading the, ii. [267]

Angoulême, custom of burning a poplar on St. Peter's Day in, i. 101

Angoy, king of, must have no bodily defects, i. 221

Animal worship, two types of, ii. [133], [134];

sacred carried in procession, ii. [139-147];

employed as a scapegoat, ii. [189-191], [194], [195];

eaten to obtain its quality, ii. [86], [87];

spared by savages from fear of the vengeance of other animals of the same kind, ii. [107-110];

respect shown by the savage for the animal he kills, ii. [110-132];

Savage belief in the resurrection of the, ii. [122-125];

burnt as representative of the spirit of vegetation, ii. [282-284]

Annamites, soul superstition amongst the, i. 132

Antaymour kings responsible for the general welfare, i. 46

Antrim, harvest custom in, i. 339

Apache Indians, rain-making by the, i. 15

Apalai Indians, ceremony on the arrival of a stranger by the, i. 153, 154

Aphrodite, i. 279

Apis the sacred Egyptian bull drowned, ii. [61] sq.

Apollo Diradiotes, blood of sacrificial lamb drunk in the temple of, i. 34

Apple-tree, superstition with regard to the, by barren women, i. 73

Arabia, belief concerning a man's shadow in, i. 143

Arabian stories, the external soul in, ii. [318], [319]

Arabic belief in the properties of lion's fat, ii. [86]

Arabs, rain-making by the heathen, i. 20

Arcadia, rain-charm in, i. 21;

beating the scapegoat, ii. [214]

Archon of Plataeae, the, may not touch iron, i. 173

Arden, forest of, i. 57

Argive tradition concerning Dionysus, i. 324, 325

Ariadne, marriage of, i. 104

Aricia, “there are many Manii at,” explanation of the proverb, ii. [82], [83]

Arician Grove, the, i. 1-6;

ritual, ii. [63], [64];

harvest celebration, ii. [67];

Manius the traditional founder of the, ii. [84];

sacrament, ii. [83], [84]

Aru Islands, soul superstition in the, i. 125, 126;

custom after a death in the, i. 147;

hair cutting, i. 201;

dog's flesh eaten, ii. [87]

Arval Brothers, priestly college of the, and the sacred grove, i. 65;

sacred grove of the, and iron, i. 172

Aryans, the, tree worshippers, i. 56-59, 99;

totemism and the, ii. [38];

oak the sacred tree of the, ii. [291];

primitive worship, ii. [370]

Ascension Day custom, i. 265

Aschbach, harvest custom in, i. 368

Ash Wednesday customs, i. 254-257; ii. [29], [48], [251]

Ashantee, royal blood not shed in, i. 181;

harvest festival in, ii. [374]

Asia Minor, Pontiffs of, i. 7, 8

Athene, relation of the goat to, ii. [63]

Athens, annual marriage of the queen to Dionysus at, i. 103, 104;

rites of Adonis observed in, i. 284, 285;

scapegoats in, ii. [212];

ritual at the sacrifice of the ox in, ii. [38], [39], [41]

Attis, myth and festival of, i. 296-298; ii. [50];

a tree-spirit or corn-spirit, i. 298-300;

probability that the high priest of, was slain in the character of the god, i. 300;

probable origin of the cult of, i. 363;

relation to Lityerses, i. 396, 397;

as a pig, ii. [49], [50]

Australia, rain-making in, i. 20, 21;

ceremony on entering strange territory by the Australians, i. 156;

seclusion of women in, i. 170;

blood may not be spilt on the ground in some parts of, i. 181, 182;

hair burning after child-birth in, i. 206;

totemism, ii. [133], [334-336]

Australian blacks' charm for staying the sun, i. 25;

attack the dust columns of red sand, i. 29, 30;

fear of women's blood, i. 185, 186; ii. [238];

remedy for toothache, ii. [149];

annual expulsion of ghosts, ii. [163]

—— Kamilaroi, cannibalism by the, ii. [88]

—— medicine man and recall of the soul, i. 131, 132

—— Wotjobaluk, rain-making by the, i. 14

Austria, charm for lulling the wind in, i. 28;

old peasant belief in the souls of trees in, i. 61

Auxerre, reaping custom at, i. 335

Axim, annual expulsion of devils at, ii. [170]

Aymara Indians, scapegoat used by the, in times of plague, ii. [191]

Aztecs, the, and the reflection-soul, i. 145;

aversion to wine, i. 185

Baba, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 339, 340

Babar Islands, restoration of the soul in the, i. 137;

the soul believed to be in the shadow, i. 142

Babylon, Sacaea festival at, i. 226

Babylonian legend concerning the goddess Istar, i. 287

Baffin Land, expulsion of evil by the Eskimo of, ii. [165]

Bagota, restrictions on the heir to the throne in, ii. [225]

Balder killed by the mistletoe, ii. [244] sq.;

the oak, ii. [295];

life of, in the mistletoe, ii. [359-362]

Balder's bale-fires, ii. [289] sq.

Bali, mice and the rice fields of the island of, ii. [131];

periodic expulsion of devils, ii. [174], [175];

custom at a birth, ii. [329]

Balquhidder, harvest custom in, i. 344

Banjar kings held responsible for the weather, i. 46, 47

Banks Islanders, the tamaniu of the, ii. [331], [332]

Baranton, fountain of, i. 15

Barcelona, Mid-Lent custom in, i. 262

Bari tribe, rain kings of the, i. 52, 53

Barotse, the chief a demigod in, i. 46

Barren women's superstition regarding the apple-tree, i. 73

Bassam, Great, sacrifice of oxen at, ii. [41], [42];

ceremony of driving out the evil spirit, ii. [161], [162]

Basutos, the, and the reflection-soul, i. 145;

cannibalism by the, ii. [89];

offerings of first-fruits, ii. [373]

Bat, the, ii. [334-337]

Battambang, rain-charm in, i. 19

Battas, the, fighting the wind, i. 28, 29;

refuse to fell trees, i. 64, 65;

soul superstition, i. 124, 125, 135, 136;

soul straying, i. 160;

ceremony of making the curse to fly away by the, ii. [150], [151];

totemism amongst the, ii. [340], [341];

belief in plurality of souls, ii. [341]

Bavaria, May custom in, i. 84;

Whitsuntide representative of the tree-spirit in, i. 242;

harvest custom in, i. 342; ii. [27], [28];

cure for fever, ii. [153];

Easter bonfires in, ii. [254];

midsummer bonfires in, ii. [278]

Bear, Shrovetide, i. 254, 255;

sacrifice of the, ii. [99-108];

ceremony at killing a, ii. [111-113], [115];

ceremony before a bear-hunt, ii. [112], [113]

Bears, dead, treated with respect, ii. [111-113]

Beasts, divine, held responsible for the course of nature, i. 48

Beating as a ceremonial purification, ii. [213-217], [232-234]

Beauce, straw man in, ii. [40]

Beavers, superstition about killing, ii. [116]

Bechuanaland, rain-charm in, i. 18;

sun superstition in, i. 23;

hack-thorn held sacred in, i. 69;

purification after travel, i. 157;

crocodile superstition in, ii. [55], [56];

transference of ills in, ii. [149]

Bedouins, pursuing the wind, i. 29

Belfast, harvest custom at, i. 336, 337

Belgium, procession with wicker giant in, ii. [281]

Belli-Paaro, ceremony of, in Quoja, ii. [347], [348]

Beltane fires, ii. [254-258]

Bengal, Gardens of Adonis in, i. 288, 289

Bernkastel, reaping custom in, ii. [15]

Berry, belief regarding the birth of the corn-spirit in, ii. [23];

harvest custom, ii. [26]

Bhagats, mock human sacrifices by the, i. 252, 253

Bhotan, man worshippers in, i. 42

Biajas of Borneo, expulsion of diseases to sea by the, ii. [192]

Bidasari, ii. [325] sq.

Bilaspur, custom at, on the death of a Rajah, i. 232

Birch-tree dressed in women's clothes in Russia at Whitsuntide, i. 77

Births, trees planted at, ii. [229], [230]

Bison, resurrection of the, ii. [122], [123]

Bithynia, lament by the reapers in, i. 365

Black Lake, i. 15

Blankenfelde, harvest custom in, i. 370

Bleeding trees, i. 61

Blekinge, midsummer ceremonies in, i. 292

Blood, the soul thought to be in the, i. 178, 179;

not eaten, ib.;

royal blood not spilt upon the ground, i. 179-183;

ill effect of seeing, i. 185, 186;

dread of contact with, i. 185-187;

primitive dread of menstruous, ii. [238-241]

Blood-drinking, inspiration by, i. 34, 35

Boba, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 340, 341

Boeotians of Plataea, festival of the, i. 100-103

Boeroe, ceremony at the rice harvest in, ii. [71]

Bohemian midsummer custom, i. 79; ii. [259];

Mid-Lent custom, i. 82;

Whit Monday custom, i. 91, 244-247;

ceremony of carrying out Death, i. 258-260;

superstition regarding death, i. 260;

ceremony of bringing back summer, i. 263;

harvest custom, i. 340;

white mice spared in Bohemia, ii. [131], [132];

superstition held by poachers in Bohemia, ii. [288]

Böhmer Wald Mountains, custom of the reapers in the, ii. [15]

Bolang Mongondo, recapture of the soul in, i. 131;

preservation of cut hair, i. 203;

ceremony at rice harvest in, ii. [71], [72]

Bombay, soul superstition in, i. 127

Bones of animals not broken by savages, ii. [124]

Boni, king of, and his courtiers, i. 222, 223

Booandik tribe superstition concerning the blood of women, i. 186

Book of the Dead, i. 312

Bormus, the name given to the lament of the Bithynian reapers, i. 365, 398

Borneo, custom in, regarding infested persons, i. 154

Bouphonia, the, ii. [38-41]

Brabant, North, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 88

Brahman soul story, i. 128, 129;

sin eaters, ii. [156]

Brahmans, temple of the, i. 230;

transference of sins by the, ii. [200]

Brandy, North American Indian theory about, ii. [87]

Brazilian Indians, self-beating by the, ii. [215], [216];

treatment of girls at the age of puberty by the, ii. [231], [232]

Bresse, May customs in, i. 98;

ceremony regarding the last sheaf, i. 408

Brest, fire festival at, ii. [261]

Breton peasant and the wind, i. 30

Briançon, May-day in the neighbourhood of, i. 95;

harvest ceremony at, ii. [11]

Bride, a name given to the binder of the last sheaf, i. 345

Brie, May-day custom in, i. 84;

harvest custom in, i. 370, 375;

burning of mock giant in, ii. [282]

Britanny, reaping custom in, i. 335, 336;

midsummer fires in, ii. [261]

British Columbia, fish ceremony by the Indians of, ii. [121]

Bruck, harvest custom in, i. 333, 334

Brüd's bed in the Highlands, i. 97

Brunnen, Twelfth Night custom at, ii. [182]

Brunswick, Whitsuntide customs in, i. 90

Buddhist animism, i. 59

—— Tartar worship, i. 42, 43

Buffalo, belief in the resurrection of the, ii. [123];

held sacred by the Todas, ii. [136], [137]

—— bull, ii. [19]

Bulgarian rain-charm, i. 16;

custom at the laying of a foundation stone, i. 144;

harvest custom, i. 341

Bull, Dionysus as a, i. 325, 326; ii. [37-44];

the corn-spirit as a, ii. [19-24];

Osiris and the, ii. [59-61];

sacred, ii. [60];

as a scapegoat, ii. [200], [201]

Burghers, first seed sowing and reaping amongst the, ii. [72];

transference of sins by the, ii. [151], [152]

Burgundian kings deposed in times of scarcity, i. 47

Burma, mode of executing princes of the blood in, i. 180;

head-washing in, i. 188, 189;

mock burial in time of sickness in, ii. [84];

ceremony of driving away cholera in, ii. [161];

offering of first-fruits in, ii. [374]

Burmese and the soul, i. 130

Burnt sacrifices among the Celts, ii. [278-280]

Buro Islands, dog's flesh eaten in the, ii. [87];

disease boats, ii. [187]

Burying alive, i. 217

Busiris, legend of, i. 400, 401

Butterfly, the Samoans and the, ii. [56]

Buzzard, sacrifice of the sacred, ii. [90-92]

Byblus, lamentation for the death of Adonis at, i. 280

Calabria, expulsion of witches in, ii. [181]

Calcutta, iron-charm used in, i. 176

Calf, the corn-spirit as a, ii. [19-24]

Calicut, kings killed at the expiry of twelve years in, i. 224, 225

Californian Indians, their opinion of the dust columns, i. 30

—— sacrifice of the buzzard, ii. [90], 91

Caligula, i. 4

Callander, Beltane fires in, ii. [254], [255]

Cambodia, search for inspired man in time of epidemic in, i. 36;

kings of fire and water in, i. 53-56;

its sacred tree, i. 67;

kings of, i. 118;

touching the king's body in, i. 172;

man's head not touched in, i. 189;

ceremony at the cutting of the king's hair in, i. 197;

temporary kings of, i. 228;

the Stiens of Cambodia and the killing of animals, ii. [115];

expulsion of evil spirits, etc. in, ii. [178], [184];

seclusion of girls in, ii. [235]

Cambridgeshire, harvest custom in, i. 341, 342

Cameroons, the life of a person supposed to be bound up with that of a tree by the, ii. [329]

Canadian Indians, detention of the soul amongst the, i. 139;

beaver hunting by the, ii. [116], [117]

Candlemas Day customs, i. 97; ii. [29], [48]

Canelos Indians, their belief of the soul in the portrait, i. 148

Cannibalism, ii. [88], [89]

Capital offences, i. 162, 190

Carcassonne, hunting the wren in, ii. [143], [144]

Caribs, the, belief in the plurality of souls, ii. [339]

Carinthia, ceremonies on St. George's Day in, i. 84, 85;

ceremony at the installation of a prince of, i. 232, 233

Carmona, custom in, ii. [184], [185]

Carnival, ceremony of burying the, i. 244, 252-257, 270, 272

Carnival Fool, i. 256

Carpathus islanders, reluctance to have their likenesses drawn, i. 148, 149;

transference of sickness by the, ii. [154]

Cashmere stories, the external soul in, ii. [302-304]

Cat, the corn-spirit as a, ii. [11], [12];

burnt, ii. [283]

Caterpillars, method of freeing a garden from, ii. [130]

Cattle, trees and, i. 72 sq.;

driven through the fire, ii. [273]

Cedar, the sacred, of Gilgit, i. 69

Celebes, the, and the soul, i. 123-125;

custom regarding infested persons, i. 154;

superstition regarding the knife, i. 177;

blood not spilt on the ground by the, i. 182;

custom at a birth, ii. [329];

harvest festival, ii. [376]

Celtic human sacrifices, ii. [278-284];

the external soul in Celtic stories, ii. [313], [314]

Ceram, rain-making in, i. 13;

superstition regarding the blood of women in, i. 187;

hair cutting superstition in, i. 194; ii. [328];

disease boats in, ii. [185], [186];

ceremony in epidemic, ii. [187];

seclusion of girls in, ii. [229];

initiation ceremony, ii. [354-356]

Chaeronea, human scapegoat in, ii. [210], [211]

Chambéry, threshing ceremony at, ii. [23]

Chedooba, ceremony on felling a tree in the island of, i. 64

Cheremiss, expulsion of Satan by the, ii. [180], [181]

Cherokee Indians, purification festival of the, ii. [166], [167]

Chester, procession of mock giant at, ii. [281]

Chibchas, weather kings of the, i. 44

Children sacrificed by their parents, i. 235-237

Chile, preservation of cut hair in, i. 204

China, emperors of, offer public sacrifices, i. 8;

rain-charm in, i. 18;

emperor held responsible for drought, etc., i. 49;

abstention from knives after a death in, i. 177;

ceremony to welcome the return of spring in, ii. [42], [43];

special seat of courage amongst the Chinese, ii. [87];

cannibalism in, ii. [89];

human scapegoat in, ii. [191];

festival of the aboriginal tribes of, ii. [193]

Chios, rites of Dionysus at, i. 329

Chippeways, seclusion of women amongst the, ii. [239], [240]

Chiriguanos, seclusion of girls by the, ii. [231]

Chitomé, the, i. 113-115;

not allowed to die a natural death, i. 217, 218

Cholera, driving away, ii. [161], [189], [191]

Chontal Indians, the nagual amongst the, ii. [333]

Christian, Captain, shooting of, i. 181

Christmas customs, i. 60, 334; ii. [6], [7], [29-31], [141], [142], [144]

Chrudim, ceremony of carrying out Death at, i. 259, 260

Chuwash, the, test of a suitable sacrificial victim, i. 36

Circassians, the pear-tree believed to be the protector of cattle by the, i. 73

Circumcision, i. 171

Clucking-hen, ii. [8]

Cobern, fire festival at, ii. [250]

Cobra Capella, sacrifice of the, ii. [94], [95]

Cock, the corn-spirit as a, ii. [7-10]

Columbia River, Indians of the, and the salmon, ii. [121], [122]

Comanches, rain-charm used by the, i. 18

Compitalia, festival of the, ii. [83]

Congo belief in the souls of trees, i. 60;

the Chitomé in the kingdom of, i. 113;

negroes and soul selling, i. 139;

initiatory rites in the valley of the, ii. [345], [346]

Coorg rice-harvest ceremonies, ii. [72], [73]

Corea, kings of, confined to their palaces, i. 164;

may not be touched, i. 172;

tigers' bones valuable in, ii. [87]

Corn drenched as a rain-charm, i. 286;

double personification of the, i. 358, 359;

reaper, binder, or thresher wrapt up in corn, i. 370, 371

—— baby, ii. [23]

—— goat, ii. [13], [14]

—— mother, i. 232, 233;

a prototype of Demeter, i. 356

Corn queen, i. 341

—— spirit, the, as the grandmother, etc., i. 336-343;

as youthful, i. 343-346;

death of, i. 363, 364;

binding persons in sheaves as representatives of the, i. 367-372;

pretence of killing the, or its representative, i. 372-380;

represented by a stranger, i. 375-380;

represented by a human victim, i. 390-395;

how the representative is chosen, i. 393;

as an animal, ii. [1-67];

as a cock, ii. [7-10];

as a hare, ii. [11];

as a cat, ii. [11], [12];

as a goat, ii. [12-17];

as a bull, ii. [19-24];

as a calf, ib.;

as a cow, ii. [20], [21];

as a mare, ii. [24], [25];

as a horse, ii. [26];

as a pig, ii. [26-31];

parallelism between the anthropomorphic and theriomorphic conceptions of the, ii. [32];

death of the, ii. [33];

suggested explanation of the embodiment of the, in animal form, ii. [34];

the ox as the embodiment of the, ii. [41-43]

—— wolf, ii. [3-7], [30]

—— woman, i. 342, 343

Cornwall, May-day custom in, i. 75;

midsummer bonfires in, i. 101; ii. [262];

reaping cries in, i. 407

Corsica, midsummer fires in, ii. [266]

Cough, cure for, ii. [154]

Court ceremonies, i. 22, 23; ii. [88]

Cow, the corn-spirit as a, ii. [20], [21];

sacred, ii. [61];

man in cow's hide, ii. [145], [146];

cow as a scapegoat, ii. [200], [201]

Cracow, harvest customs in, i. 340

Crannon, rain-charm at, i. 21

Creek Indians, festival of the first-fruits amongst the, ii. [75-78];

opinions held regarding the properties of various foods amongst the, ii. [85], [86];

seclusion of women by the, ii. [239]

Crete, sacrifices in, i. 173;

festival of Dionysus in, i. 324;

worship of Demeter in, i. 331

Croatia, beating in, ii. [216]

Crocodiles spared from fear of the vengeance of other crocodiles, ii. [109]

Crops, kings and priests punished for the failure of the, i. 46-48;

human sacrifices for the, i. 383, 384;

ceremonies at the eating of the new, ii. [69], [71];

sacramental eating of the new, ii. [68-77]

Crying the Neck, i. 405-408

Curka Coles of India, their belief that the tops of trees are inhabited, i. 65

Curse, ceremony of making the curse to fly away, ii. [150], [151]

Cyzicus, construction of the council chamber of, i. 174

Dacotas and the resurrection of the dog, ii. [123]

Daedala, festival of the, i. 100-103

Dahomey, king of, a capital offence to see him eat, i. 162

Damaras, custom of the, after travel, i. 158;

blood of cattle not shed by the, i. 182

Danae, ii. [237]

Danger Islanders, soul snare used by the, i. 138, 139

Danzig, burying of cut hair in, i. 202;

reaping custom, i. 333;

harvest ceremony, i. 367, 368

Dards, the, rain-charm, i. 19

Darfur, veiling the sultan of, i. 162;

the sultans and their courtiers, i. 222;

the liver thought to be the seat of the soul in, ii. [88]

Darowen, midsummer bonfires at, ii. [262]

Dead Sunday, i. 254, 260

Death, preference for a violent, i. 216, 217;

superstition concerning, i. 260;

“carrying out,” i. 257-261, 264-271; ii. [207];

driving out, i. 258, 259, 272, 276;

in the custom of “carrying out” Death is probably a divine scapegoat, ii. [206-208];

ceremonies at the burying of, ii. [250];

effigy of, i. 257 sq.

Debden, May Day custom in, i. 76

Deer, regard for, ii. [117], [118]

Deities, reduplication of, i. 360-362

Demeter, the corn mother, i. 331, 332;

festivals of, ii. [44-47];

as a pig, ii. [44-49];

legend of the Phigalian, ii. [49];

representation of the black, ii. [49];

and Proserpine, myth of, i. 330, 331;

probable origin of, i. 355 sq.;

prototypes of, i. 356, 357

Demons, the soul carried off by, i. 132-135

Denderah, tree of Osiris at, i. 308

Denmark Christmas customs, ii. [29], [30];

midsummer bonfires, ii. [289]

Devils, ceremony at the expulsion of, ii. [151], [158], [159-162], [170-185], [192], [193], [203];

represented by men and expelled, ii. [183-185]

Devonshire reaping cries, i. 405, 406;

rain-charm, i. 408;

cure for cough, ii. [154]

Diana, rule of the priesthood of, i. 2, 3, 6;

ceremonies at the festival of, i. 5;

Arician Grove said to be first consecrated to her by Manius Egerius, i. 5;

a tree goddess, i. 105

Diana's mirror, i. 1

Dieyerie of South Australia, rain-making by the, i. 20;

tree superstition amongst the, i. 62

Dingelstedt, harvest custom at, i. 371

Dionysus, marriage of, i. 104;

titles of, i. 320, 321;

myth of, i. 322-325;

rites of, i. 324, 329; ii. [43-46], [90];

rites of, similar to those of Osiris, i. 319, 320;

as an animal, i. 325-327, ii. [34-38];

association of, with Demeter and Proserpine, ii. [37]

Diseases sent away in boats, ii. [185-189], [192] sq.

Divine beasts, i. 48

—— king, dependence of nature upon the, i. 109

—— kings, i. 49;

care taken of, i. 115;

cease to govern, i. 118, 119

—— kings and priests, burdensome observances placed upon, i. 110-118;

effects of these burdens, i. 118-120

—— Man as scapegoat, ii. [201], [205]

—— persons, seclusion of, ii. [242], [243]

—— spirit, transmigration of, i. 42-44

Divining rods made from the mistletoe, ii. [367]

Dog, the corn-spirit as a, ii. [3-7];

the flesh of the, eaten, ii. [87];

resurrection of the, ii. [123];

used as a scapegoat, ii. [194], [195]

Domalde, King of Sweden, sacrificed, i. 47

Douai, annual procession at, ii. [280]

Dreams, festival of, ii. [165], [166]

Druids, oak-worship of the, i. 58

Dublin, May Day custom in, i. 101

Duk-duk, the, ii. [352] sq.

Duke of York Island, fishing ceremony by the natives of, ii. [120]

Dulyn, i. 15

Dunkirk, annual procession at, ii. [280], [281]

Dust columns, i. 30

Dutch criminals, cutting the hair of, to enforce confession, ii. [328]

Dyaks, belief in the souls of trees amongst the, i. 59, 60;

abduction of the soul, i. 132, 133;

restoration of the soul, i. 138;

harvest custom, i. 68, 69, 353, 354;

the Dyaks and bad omens, ii. [151];

custom in epidemic, ii. [84];

may not eat venison, ii. [86], [87];

spare the crocodile, ii. [109];

Dyaks and the palm-tree, ii. [329];

festival of first-fruits, ii. [376]

East Indian Islands, supposed cure for epilepsy in the, ii. [148], [149]

Easter customs, i. 272, 276, 334; ii. [29], [181], [216], [217]

—— fires, ii. [251], [252]

—— Islanders, blood of an animal not shed by the, i. 182, 183;

offerings of first fruits, ii. [381]

Eating animals to get their qualities, ii. [85-89]

—— the god, ii. [67-90]

—— and drinking, precautions taken at, i. 160-162

Edersleben, midsummer fire festival in, ii. [262]

Efugaos, cannibalism by the, ii. [88]

Egeria, i. 5

Egypt, beasts responsible for the course of nature in Upper, i. 48;

Egyptian kings deified, i. 49, 50;

Egyptian kings blamed for failure of crops, i. 50;

ancient Egyptian kings did not drink wine, i. 184, 185;

temporary-rulers in Upper Egypt, i. 231;

custom of burning red-haired men by the ancient Egyptians, i. 307;

religion of ancient Egypt, i. 313;

Egyptians and the pig, ii. [52], [53], [56], [57];

the bulls Apis and Mnevis worshipped, ii. [60];

sacred cattle in Egypt, ii. [60], [61];

sacrifice of the ram in, ii. [92], [93];

Egyptian type of sacrament, ii. [134-136];

Egyptian scapegoat, ii. [200];

the external soul in Egyptian story, ii. [315-318]

Eifel mountains, fire festival in the, ii. [247], [248];

harvest omens in the, ii. [271]

Eisenach, ceremony of bringing back summer in, i. 263;

ceremony of carrying out death in, ib.

Elan, regard for the, ii. [117], [118]

Elephant, ceremony at the killing of an, ii. [113-115]

Eleusis, mysteries of, ii. [37]

Elk, regard for the, ii. [117], [118]

Ellwangen, harvest ceremony in, ii. [17]

Emin Pasha's reception in a Central African village, i. 155

Emu wren, ii. [336], [337]

Encounter Bay tribe, their dread of women's blood, i. 186

English tradition concerning the killing of the wren, ii. [140], [141]

Entlebuch, human scapegoat in, ii. [199]

Entraigues, hunting the wren in, ii. [144]

Epidemic, ceremony in time of, i. 36; ii. [84], [187-189]

Epilepsy, supposed cure for, ii. [148], [149]

Erfurt, harvest custom in, i. 336

Ertingen, midsummer custom in, i. 89

Erzgebirge, Shrovetide custom in the, i. 244

Eskimos, charm for lulling the wind, i. 28;

Eskimos and the soul, i. 122;

reception of strangers, i. 155;

Eskimo women, i. 170

Essex, hunting the wren in, ii. [143]

Esthonian superstition regarding the welfare of cattle, i. 72 sq.;

blood not tasted by the Esthonians, i. 178, 179;

belief concerning women's blood, i. 187;

preservation of the parings of nails by the Esthonians, i. 204;

carrying out the effigy of Death, i. 270;

ceremony at the eating of the new corn, ii. [69], [70];

dread of the weevil by the Esthonian peasants, ii. [129], [130]

Ethiopian kings and their courtiers, i. 222

Etruscan wizards, i. 22

European rain-charm, i. 18;

forests, i. 57;

fire festivals, ii. [246-285]

Evils, expulsion of, ii. [145] sq.;

occasional, ii. [158-162];

periodic, ii. [162-182];

two kinds of expulsion of evils, the direct or immediate, and the indirect or mediate, ii. [158];

general observations on, ii. [202-206];

transference of, ii. [145] sq.

Fauns, representation of the, ii. [35];

the Fauns wood and corn-spirits, ii. [35], [36]

Feilenhof, the wolf a corn-spirit in, ii. [3]

Feloupes of Senegambia, charm for rain-making, i. 18

Fern seed, midsummer, ii. [365], [366]

Fernando Po, restrictions on the food of the king of, i. 208

Fever, cure for, ii. [152], [153]

Fida, no one to drink out of the king's glass in, i. 166

Field of Mars, chariot race on the, ii. [64-66]

Fiji, charm used for staying the sun in, i. 24;

gods of, i. 39;

soul extraction in, i. 138;

belief in two souls in, i. 145;

eating in the presence of suspected persons avoided in, i. 160;

self-immolation at old age in, i. 216;

expulsion of devils in, ii. [175], [176];

initiatory rites in, ii. [344], [345];

offerings of first-fruits in, ii. [377], [378]

Finland, wind selling in, i. 27;

cattle protected by the wood god in, i. 105, 106;

ceremony at the killing of a bear in, ii. [112]

Fire festivals, human sacrifices offered at, i. 251

—— festivals in Europe, ii. [246-285];

they were charms to make the sun shine, ii. [267], [274]

—— kings, i. 53-56

—— sacred, made by the friction of wood, ii. [269];

made with oak wood, ii. [292], [293]

Fire spirit, expulsion of the, ii. [178]

Firstborn sacrificed, i. 236, 237

First-fruits, festival of the, ii. [75-78];

offerings of, ii. [373-384]

Fish, respect shown by savages to, ii. [118-122];

fish preachers, ii. [119], [120]

Fladda's chapel and wind-making, i. 26, 27

Flamen Dialis, rules of life, i. 117;

not allowed to walk under a trellised vine, i. 183, 184;

cuttings from the hair and nails buried, i. 200;

restriction on the food of the, i. 207

—— Virbialis, i. 6

Flaminica, rules of life for the, i. 117, 118

Flanders, midsummer bonfires in, ii. [267];

Flemish cure for ague, ii. [153]

Flax-pullers, custom of the, i. 375

Florence, “sawing the old woman” in, i. 261

Florida, sacrifice of the firstborn by the Indians of, i. 236, 237

Folk tales, resurrection in, ii. [125]

Food, unconsumed, buried, i. 166;

prohibited food, i. 207, 208;

strong food, ii. [85]

Forests, Europe covered with, in prehistoric times, i. 56

Fors, the, of Central Africa, preservation of nail parings by the, i. 204, 205

Forsaken sleeper, i. 96

Foulahs of Senegambia spare the crocodile, ii. [110]

France, harvest customs in the northeast of, ii. [4]

Franche Comté, harvest customs in, ii. [17]

Frankish kings not allowed to cut their hair, i. 193

Friedingen, harvest custom in, ii. [27]

Friesland, harvest customs in East, ii. [8]

Frog-flayer, i. 92

Funeral custom, i. 129, 130

Fürstenwalde, harvest ceremonies in, ii. [7]

Gablingen, harvest customs in, ii. [13]

Galela, ceremony at the initiation of boys amongst the, ii. [353]

Galicia, harvest customs in, ii. [8]

Gall-bladder the special seat of courage amongst the Chinese, ii. [87]

Gareloch, Dumbartonshire, harvest customs on some farms on the, i. 345

Garos, rain-charm used by the, i. 18

Georgia, rain-charm in, i. 17

Germany—German peasants and a whirlwind, i. 30;

sacred groves common amongst the ancient Germans, i. 58;

ceremony on felling a tree, i. 64;

rain-charm, i. 93;

custom [pg 393] after a death, i. 147;

superstition regarding the knife, i. 177;

superstition concerning hair cutting, i. 196, 199;

harvest custom, i. 337, 345, 374, 375; ii. [9];

harvest cries, i. 408, 409;

way to free a garden from caterpillars, ii. [130];

beating as a charm, ii. [216], [217];

oak the sacred tree, ii. [291];

oak log burnt on Midsummer Day, ii. [294];

the external soul in German stories, ii. [310-312]

Gervasius, rain spring mentioned by, i. 19

Ghosts, the soul carried off by, i. 129-132;

annual expulsion of the ghosts of the dead, ii. [163]

Giant, sham, procession and burning of the, ii. [280-282]

Gilgit, ceremony on felling a tree in, i. 65;

sacred cedar of, i. 69 sq.;

harvest custom at, ii. [73], [74]

Gilyak sacrifice of the bear, ii. [105-107]

Girls secluded at puberty, ii. [225-247];

reason for, ii. [238-242];

not allowed to touch the ground or see the sun, ii. [225-253];

traces in folk tales of the rule which forbids girls at puberty to see the sun, ii. [235-237]

Goat, the, sacred, ii. [56], [63];

Dionysus as a, i. 326-328; ii. [34-37];

the corn-spirit as a, ii. [12-19]

God, killing the, i. 213; ii. [218-222];

killing a god in animal form, i. 327, 328;

motives for killing the god, i. 214-216

God's Mouth, the name of the supreme ruler of the old Prussians, i. 223

Gods die and are buried, i. 213, 214

—— incarnate, slain, ii. [218-222]

Gold Coast, sacrifices of the negroes of the, i. 67;

their superstition with regard to iron, i. 173

Golden Bough, Turner's picture of the, i. 1;

legend of the, i. 4;

the representative of the tree-spirit, i. 107;

between heaven and earth, ii. [223-243];

what was it, ii. [224];

the Golden Bough is the mistletoe, ii. [363], [368];

why was the mistletoe called the Golden Bough, ii. [365];

the Golden Bough an emanation of the sun's fire, ii. [367]

Goldi sacrifice of the bear, ii. [107], [108]

Gommern, harvest festival at, i. 370

Gonds, human sacrifices by the, i. 252, 384;

mock-human sacrifices, i. 252;

scapegoats amongst the, ii. [200]

Good Friday custom, ii. [216]

Gout transferred from a man to a tree, ii. [153]

Grand Lama, death and reappearance of the, i. 42, 43;

and the shadow of Sankara, i. 142

Grandmother, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 336

Granny, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 336

Grass king, i. 91-93, 247

Grätz, midsummer custom in, ii. [267]

Greece, rain-making in, i. 16;

tree worship in, i. 58, 59, 99;

festivals of the Greeks, i. 99, 100, 103;

ceremony at the laying of a foundation stone in, i. 144;

sacrificial ritual in, ii. [54], [55];

human scapegoats in, ii. [210-217];

midsummer fires in, ii. [266];

the external soul in Greek stories, ii. [305-307]

Green George, i. 84-86

Grenoble, May Day in, i. 94;

harvest custom in, ii. [15], [47]

Grihya-Sûtras, provision in the, for the burning of cut hair, i. 202

Grossvargula, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 91

Ground, sacred persons not allowed to touch the, ii. [224], [243] note;

girls at puberty not allowed to touch the, ii. [225-253];

sacred things may not touch the, ii. [243] note

Grüneberg, harvest ceremony in, ii. [11]

Guanches, rain-charm in, i. 19

Guatemala, the nagual amongst the, ii. [333], [334]

Guaycurus and storms, i. 28

Guinea, secreting of cut hair and nails in, i. 203;

annual expulsion of the devil by the negroes of, ii. [170];

time of licence in, ii. [204]

Guyenne, harvest ceremony in, ii. [6]

Hack-thorn, sacred, i. 69

Hadeln, reaping custom in the district of, i. 333

Haida Indian wind-charm, i. 26

Hair, burning of loose, i. 205;

burning after child-birth, i. 206;

cut hair deposited in a safe place, i. 200-205;

cutting, i. 193 sq.;

most sacred day of the year appointed for hair cutting, i. 197;

superstition concerning the cutting of the, i. 196, 198, 199;

cut only during a storm, i. 199;

haircutting as a disinfectant, i. 206, 207;

magic use of cut hair, i. 198, 199;

strength supposed to be in the, ii. [328];

hair not cut, i. 193-195;

superstition about cutting the hair and nails, i. 193-207

Halberstadt, human scapegoats in, ii. [199]

Halibut, festival in honour of the, ii. [121]

Halmahera, rain-making in, i. 13, 21

Hampstead, forest of, i. 57

Hare, the corn-spirit as a, ii. [10] sq.

Harran, ritual observed by the heathen Syrians of, i. 283

Harvest child, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 344

—— cock, a name given to the last sheaf, ii. [7], [8]

—— cries, i. 404-409

—— customs, i. 333-347, 352, 353, 367-381, 408; ii. [4-27], [32], [47], [48], [68-73], [213]

—— festival, i. 169; ii. [171], [172], [374-376], [382-384]

—— goat, ii. [13]

—— maiden, a prototype of Proserpine, i. 356

—— May, i. 68, 69, 81, 82; ii. [4]

—— omens, ii. [271]

—— queen, i. 344

—— songs and cries, ii. [364-366], [404-409]

Harz Mountains, Easter fires in the, ii. [253]

Hawaii, detention of the soul in, i. 139;

capital offences in, i. 190

Hay family, the, and the mistletoe, ii. [362]

Head, sanctity of the, i. 187-193;

ceremony at the washing of the, i. 188

Headache, transference of, ii. [149]

Headington, May-day custom at, i. 94, 95

Heaven, the Golden Bough between heaven and earth, ii. [223-243]

Hebrides, representation of spring in the, i. 97

Heligoland, disappearance of the herring from, ii. [120]

Herbrechtingen, threshing custom in, ii. [22]

Hercynian forest, i. 56, 57

Hereford, sin eaters in, ii. [154], [155]

Herefordshire, midsummer fires in, ii. [262]

Hermsdorf, harvest custom in, i. 338

Herodotus, story by, of the wind fighters of Psylli, i. 29

Herring, disappearance of the, from Heligoland, ii. [120]

Hertfordshire harvest custom, ii. [24]

Hessen, Ash Wednesday custom in, ii. [29];

sowing-time customs in, ii. [48]

Hidatsa Indians, belief in the plurality of souls amongst the, ii. [339]

Hierapolis, pigs sacred at, ii. [50]

Himalayas, scapegoats in the Western, ii. [194]

Hindoo cure for the murrain, ii. [191];

festival of Ingathering, ii. [272];

girls and puberty, ii. [234], [235];

the external soul in Hindoo stories, ii. [298-302]

Hindoos, the, test of a suitable sacrificial victim, i. 36;

Hindoos and yawning, i. 123;

custom of nail cutting by the, i. 196;

festival at the eating of the new rice by the, ii. [73]

Hindoo Koosh, smoke from the sacred tree inhaled by the sybil, i. 35;

blood sucking the test of a diviner amongst the, ib.;

expulsion of devils amongst the, ii. [173]

Hippolytus, i. 6

Holland, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 88;

Easter fires, ii. [253]

Holstein, reaping custom in, i. 333;

healing effects of the mistletoe in, ii. [289]

Hornkampe, harvest custom in, i. 337

Horse, the corn-spirit as a, ii. [24-26];

sacrifice of the, ii. [64]

Horses excluded from the Arician grove, i. 6

—— and Virbius, ii. [62-64]

Hos, harvest festival amongst the, ii. [171], [172];

time of licence with the, ii. [204];

offering of first-fruits by the, ii. [374]

Hottentot priests do not use iron, i. 173;

wind-charm, i. 27, 28;

sheep driven through the fire by the, ii. [273]

Hovas of Madagascar, offerings of first-fruits by the, ii. [374]

How, coffer of Osiris at, i. 309

Huahine, offerings of first-fruits in, ii. [381]

Huitzilopochtli, dough image of the Mexican god, made and eaten, ii. [81]

Human sacrifices, i. 235-237, 251, 252, 381;

replaced by mock sacrifices, i. 250-253

—— victim represents the corn-spirit, i. 390-395

Hungary, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 93;

the external soul in Hungarian stories, ii. [320], [321]

Hunger, expulsion of, ii. [210], [211]

Hunting the wren, ii. [140-144]

Hurons, the, and fish bones, ii. [119];

their idea of the soul, i. 122;

driving away sickness amongst the, ii. [162]

Huskanaw, the name of an initiatory ceremony amongst the Indians of Virginia, ii. [348]

Hylæ, sacred men inspired by the image of Apollo at, i. 37

Ibo, king of, confined to his premises, i. 164

Iddah, king of, asserts that he is god, i. 41, 42

Ihlozi, the, of the Zulus, ii. [332]

Incarnate gods, i. 30-54

Incarnation, temporary and permanent, i. 32, 37-42

Incas of Peru revered as gods, i. 49;

preservation of cut hair and parings of the nails of the, i. 203;

restrictions upon the prince who is to become Inca of Peru, ii. [225];

ceremony for the expulsion of diseases, etc. by the, ii. [167-169]

Indersdorf, harvest custom in, ii. [17], [18]

India, devil dancer drinks sacrificial blood in Southern, i. 34;

human gods in, i. 41, 42;

marriage of shrubs and trees in, i. 60;

sin eating in, ii. [155], [156];

iron used as a charm in, i. 175, 176;

harvest custom in the Central Provinces of, i. 371, 372;

custom during cholera in Central Provinces of, ii. [189];

offerings of first-fruits in, ii. [374], [375]

Indians of Alaska, preservation of cut hair by the, i. 201, 202

—— of Arizona offer human sacrifices, i. 251

—— of Guayaquil sacrifice human beings at seed time, i. 381

—— of Guiana, treatment of girls at puberty by the, ii. [232-234]

—— of Peru and their fish gods, ii. [118], [119]

—— of Virginia, initiatory ceremony amongst the, ii. [348], [349]

Influenza, ii. [190]

Initiatory rites, simulation of death and resurrection at, ii. [342-358]

Innuit of Alaska, custom after a death amongst the, i. 177

Inspiration, i. 33;

by blood drinking, i. 34, 35;

by use of sacred tree, i. 35; 36

Inspired men, i. 36, 37

—— victims, i. 36

Irayas of Luzon, offerings of first-fruits by the, ii. [377]

Ireland, May Day in the south-east of, i. 94;

hunting the wren at Christmas in, ii. [142], [143];

midsummer fires in, ii. [263], [264]

Iron, superstitious aversion to, i. 172-174;

as a charm, i. 175

Iron-Beard, Dr., i. 249, 257

Iroquois, ceremony at the festival of dreams by the, ii. [165], [166];

scapegoat used by the, ii. [194], [195];

time of licence amongst the, ii. [204]

Isis, acorn goddess, i. 310, 311;

named the moon by the aboriginal inhabitants of Egypt, i. 311;

as a cow, ii. [61]

Isle of Man, wind selling in the, i. 27;

hunting the wren at Christmas in the, ii. [142];

midsummer bonfires, ii. [263]

Issapoo, the cobra capella the guardian deity of the negroes of, ii. [94], [95]

Istar, legend concerning the goddess, i. 287

Italones, cannibalism by the, ii. [88]

Italy, tree worship in ancient, i. 58, 59;

custom of “sawing the old woman” in, i. 261, 262;

gardens of Adonis in, i. 294;

midsummer fires in, ii. [266];

oak the sacred tree in, ii. [291];

the external soul in Italian stories, ii. [307], [308]

Itonamas, the, and the soul, i. 123

Itzgrund, harvest custom in, i. 338

Ivy girl, i. 344

Jack-in-the-green, i. 88, 89, 247

Jambi, temporary kings in, i. 231, 232

Japanese, expulsion of evil spirits by the, ii. [176]

Jarkino, belief in animate trees in, i. 61

Javanese and rice bloom, i. 60, 61;

ceremony at rice harvest, i. 355;

Javanese and the soul, i. 124, 125

Jerome of Prague, i. 24

Jeypur, scapegoat used in cases of smallpox in, ii. [190], [191]

Jubilee, i. 225

Jupiter represented by an oak on the Capitol at Rome, ii. [291]

Kaffa, worship of human god in, i. 42

Kafir boys at circumcision, i. 171;

New Year festival, ii. [74];

elephant hunters, ii. [113], [114];

burying of cut hair and nails by the Kafirs, i. 202, 203

Kakian Association, ii. [354-357]

Kakongo, king of, not allowed to touch certain European goods, i. 160;

not seen eating, i. 162

Kalamba, ceremonies on a visit to, by subject chiefs, i. 159

Kalmucks, consecration of the white ram by the, ii. [136]

Kamant tribe do not allow a natural death, i. 217

Kamtchatkans excuse themselves before killing land or sea animals, ii. [110], [111];

respect the seal and sea lion, ii. [111]

Kânagrâ, spring custom in, i. 276, 277

Kángrá, custom at, on the death of a Rajah, i. 232;

sin eaters in, ii. 156

Karens, funeral custom by the, i. 129, 130;

transference of the soul in Karen, i. 140;

dread of women's blood by the, i. 186;

belief concerning the head, i. 187;

custom at rice sowing, i. 354, 355

Karma tree, i. 289

Karoks of California and salmon catching, ii. [121]

Kasyas, expulsion of devils by the, ii. [184]

Katodis, ceremony before felling a tree by the, i. 63

Kent, the ivy girl in, i. 344

Keramin tribe of New South Wales, rain-making by the, i. 15

Key Islanders, soul superstition amongst the, i. 130, 131;

expulsion of sickness by the, ii. [160]

Khonds, human sacrifices by the, i. 384-390;

rain-charm, ii. [42];

expulsion of devils by the, ii. [173], [174]

Kibanga, kings killed in, i. 218

Kilema, ceremony in, before a stranger is allowed to see the king, i. 159

Kilimanjaro Mount, believed to be tenanted by demons, i. 151

Kimbunda, cannibalism amongst the, ii. [88], [89]

King Hop, the title of a temporary king, i. 230

—— of the calf, ii. [21]

—— of the May, i. 247

—— of the sacred rites, i. 7

—— of the Wood, i. 1-108;

why so called, i. 7;

never a temporal sovereign, i. 51;

an incarnation of the tree spirit, i. 106-108;

probability that he was formerly slain annually, i. 240, 241;

similarity to North European personages, i. 249, 250;

a personification of the oak, ii. [364];

probably burned in a fire of oak wood, ii. [363-365]

Kings—as gods, i. 8;

supposed to control the weather, i. 44-46;

punished for the failure of crops, i. 46-48;

killed, i. 48;

divine, i. 49;

of nature, i. 52;

of fire, i. 53-56;

of rain, i, 52, 53;

of water, i. 53-56;

divine, cease to govern, i. 118, 119;

abdicate, i. 120;

guarded against strangers, i. 158, 159;

veiled, i. 162, 163;

at meals, i. 162;

confined to their palaces, i. 164, 165;

killed when they show signs of decay, i. 217-223;

killed at expiry of fixed term, i. 223;

mitigation of the above rule, kings allowed to defend themselves, i. 224;

killed annually, i. 225-227;

temporary, i. 228-234;

temporary kings sometimes hereditary, i. 228, 232;

sons sacrificed in times of great danger, i. 235

Kingsmill Islands, offerings of first-fruits in, ii. [378]

Kirn, the name of a harvest supper, i. 345

Klausenburg, harvest custom at, ii. [9]

Kloxin, harvest ceremony in, i. 369

Knives, reluctance to use, after a death, i. 176, 177

Kobi, offering of first-fruits by the, ii. [376]

Kochs of Assam, offerings of first-fruits by the, ii. [374]

Kohlerwinkel, harvest ceremony at, ii. [27]

Kolosh Indians, seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. [230]

Koniags, seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. [230]

Königshain, driving out Death in, i. 276

Konkan, scapegoat used in Southern, in cases of cholera, ii. [191]

Konz, midsummer fire festival in, ii. [260], [261]

Kostroma, funeral of, i. 273

Kostrubonko, i. 272

Kukulu, the priest king, i. 112, 113

Kumis, driving away small-pox by the, ii. [161]

Kupalo, funeral of, i. 272;

representation of, i. 292

Kupole's festival, i. 294

Lachlin family and the deer, ii. [363]

La Ciotat, hunting the wren in, ii. [144]

Lada, funeral of, i. 273

Lagos, human sacrifices at, i. 383

Lakor, expulsion of diseases to sea in, ii. [192]

Lamas, Grand, i. 42, 43;

the chief of the, i. 43, 44

Lamb killed sacramentally by the Madi tribe of Central Africa, ii. [137], [138]

Lamps, festival of, ii. [176]

Laos, precautions against strangers in, i. 152;

belief in plurality of souls amongst the, ii. [339]

Laosia, women worshippers in, i. 42

La Palisse, harvest custom in, ii. [68]

Lapis manalis, i. 22

Lappland, wind selling in, i. 27;

ceremony at the sacrifice of an animal in, ii. [123];

seclusion of women in, ii. [240]

Larch-tree, sacred, i. 61, 62

Lazy man, the, i. 89

Lechrain, midsummer fires in, ii. [258], [259]

Leipzig, carrying out the effigy of Death in, i. 268

Lent customs, ii. [247-249]

Leopard, ceremony at the killing of a, ii. [114]

Leper, custom at the cleansing of a, ii. [151]

Lerwick wind-sellers, i. 27

Leti, expulsion of diseases to sea by the, ii. [92]

Leucadian scapegoat, ii. [213]

Lewis, wind selling in the island of, i. 27

Lhoosai, harvest festival of the, i. 69

Libchowic, Mid-Lent custom in the neighbourhood of, i. 93

Licence, periods of, ii. [204]

Life of a person bound up with that of a plant, ii. [328-330]

Life plants, ii. [329], [330]

Lille, harvest ceremonies at, ii. [25], [26]

Linus, the name given to the Phoenician lament at vintage time, i. 365

—— song, i. 398, 399

—— identified with Adonis, i. 399

Lion, ceremony at the killing of a, ii. [114];

Arabic belief in the properties of lion's fat, ii. [86]

Lithuania, sun worshippers in, i. 24, 25;

tree worshippers in, i. 58;

superstition concerning the felling of sacred groves in, i. 66, 67;

May customs in, i. 83, 84;

custom after a funeral in, i. 177;

harvest custom in, i. 340, 341;

ceremony at threshing time in, i. 372, 373;

ceremonies by the peasants at the eating of the new corn in, ii. [69], [70]

Little leaf man, i. 88

Lityerses compared with harvest customs, i. 366, 367;

story of, i. 392-395;

relation of, to Attis, i. 396, 397

—— the name given to a song by the Phrygian reapers, i. 365, 366

Liver, the, thought to be the seat of the soul, ii. [88]

Livonia, sacred grove in, i. 65

Llandebie, sin eating in, ii. [155]

Loango, king of, deposed when the harvest fails, i. 47;

supernaturally endowed kings of, i. 116;

a capital offence to see the king eat, i. 161;

the king confined to his palace after coronation, i. 164;

food left by the king buried, i. 166;

food restrictions in, i. 207, 208;

girls secluded at puberty in, ii. [226]

London, midsummer pageants in, ii. [281]

Longnor, harvest custom at, ii. [25]

Lost children, superstition concerning, i. 63

Loucheux Indians, abstinence from the sinew of the thigh by the, ii. [127], [128]

Luchon, midsummer fire ceremony at, ii. [282]

Lumley, Sir J., excavation of the site of the Diana Nemorensis by, i. 2 note

Lüneberg, harvest custom in, i. 377

Lusatia, ceremony of carrying out Death in, i. 259, 264

M'Bengas, life of a child supposed to be bound up with that of a tree by the, ii. [328], [329]

Macusis of British Guiana, treatment of girls at the age of puberty by the, ii. [232] sq.

Madagascar, power ascribed to the souls of the dead in, i. 132;

blood of nobles may not be shed in, i. 181;

crocodile not killed in, ii. [109], [110]

Madenassana bushmen, the goat sacred to the, ii. [56]

Madi tribe, burying of the parings of the nails by the, i. 202;

lamb killed sacramentally by the, ii. [137], [138]

Magic, sympathetic, i. 9-12

—— use of cut hair, i. 198-200

Maiden, a name given to the last handful of corn, i. 344, 345

Maize, mother of the, i. 350-352

Makololo, burning or burying of cut hair by the, i. 205

Malabar, reverence for the cow in, ii. [200]

Malagasy, vehicle used by the, for the transference of ills, ii. [149], [150]

Malay poem, the external soul in a, ii. [325], [326]

Malays and the soul, i. 124; ii. [331];

do not touch a man's head, i. 189

Maldives, cuttings from the hair and nails buried by the natives of the, i. 200

Mamilian tower, ii. [67]

Mamurius Veturius or the old Mars, ii. [208-210]

Man in cow-skin, ii. [145], [146]

—— gods in the South Sea Islands, i. 38, 39

Mandan Indians, and their portraits, i. 148;

expulsion of devils by the, ii. [183], [184]

Maneros, the name given to the lament of the Egyptian reapers at the cutting of the first sheaf, i. 364

Mangaia, priests called gods in, i. 33;

spiritual and temporal government [pg 398] in, i. 120;

story of a warrior's shadow, i. 142, 143

Man-god, two types of, i. 12

Mania, i. 6

“Manii, there are many at Aricia,” explanation of the proverb, ii. [82], [83]

Manius Egerius, traditional founder of the Arician Grove, etc., i. 5; ii. [84]

Maori ceremonies on entering strange territory, i. 156;

the Maoris and dead bodies, i. 169;

fear of the blood of women, i. 186;

sacredness of the head amongst the, i. 191, 192;

ceremony at hair cutting, i. 196, 197;

fishing custom, ii. [120];

offerings of first-fruits, ii. [381], [382]

Mare, the corn-spirit as a, ii. [24-26]

Marimos, human sacrifices by the, i. 383, 384

Marktl, harvest ceremonies in the neighbourhood of, ii. [16], [17]

Marquesas Islands, men deified in their life-time in the, i. 37, 38;

the Marquesans and the soul, i. 123;

shaving of the head in the, i. 195

Mars, chariot race on the field of, ii. [64-66]

—— the old, ii. [208-210]

Marseilles, human scapegoat in, ii. [212]

Masuren, midsummer fire festival in, ii. [265], [266]

May bride, i. 98

—— Day carols, i. 75, 76

—— Day customs, i. 72-86, 88, 89, 94, 95, 98-101; ii. [181], [182], [254], [255], [257], [258]

—— king, i. 90, 91

—— poles, i. 78 sq., 230, 308; ii. [66]

—— queen, i. 93, 94

—— sleeping bridegroom of, i. 95

—— trees, i. 74-82, 90, 91, 243, 247, 268, 269; ii. [8], [251]

Mayenne, May Day custom in, i. 76

Mecklenburg, reaping custom in, i. 376

Meiningen, Ash Wednesday custom in, ii. [29];

sowing time custom, ii. [48]

Melanesia, sunshine making in, i. 24;

bringing back the soul in, i. 136;

Melanesian stones and a man's shadow, i. 142

Meleager, ii. [305]

Men eaten to obtain their qualities, ii. [88], [89]

Menstruation, seclusion of women at periods of, ii. [238-242]

Menstruous blood, primitive dread of, ii. [238], [241]

Mentawej Islands, precautions against strangers in the, i. 152

Meroe, Ethiopian kings of, killed, i. 218

Metz, midsummer fires in, ii. [283]

Mexican sacraments, paste images of the god eaten, ii. [79-82];

festivals, ii. [80-84]

Mexico, oath of kings at accession in, i. 49;

sacrifice of new-born babes in, i. 307;

human sacrifice at harvest festival in, i. 381;

incarnate gods slain in, ii. [218-222]

Miaotse, ceremony of driving away the devil by the, ii. [151]

Mice, charm for ridding lands from, ii. [131]

Mid-Lent customs, i. 82, 93, 254, 261-263, 268, 269

Midsummer customs, i. 78 sq., 89, 101, 272, 290-294; ii. [366], [367]

—— European fire festivals at, ii. [258-267], [282], [283];

burning of effigies in the midsummer fires, ii. [266], [267]

—— Eve superstitions, ii. [286], [287];

magic plants gathered on Midsummer Eve, ii. [286-288]

—— omens, i. 294

Mikado, description of the life of the, i. 110-112;

cooking of his food, i. 166, 167;

effects of wearing his clothes without leave, i. 167;

cutting his hair and nails, i. 197;

not allowed to touch the ground, ii. [224], [225]

Miklucho-Maclay, Baron, ceremony on his entering a village on the Maclay coast, i. 156

Milkmen worshipped by the Todas, i. 41

Minahassa, rain-charm used by the, i. 17;

blood drinking at festivals by the, i. 35;

custom in time of sickness, ii. [84];

driving away devils by the, ii. [158], [159]

Mingrelia, rain-getting in, i. 15

Minnetaree Indians and the resurrection of the bison, ii. [122], [123]

Miris, tree superstition of the, i. 63;

tiger's flesh eaten by the, ii. [86]

Mirrors, covering up of, i. 147

Mistletoe, the, worshipped by the Celts and gathered by the Druids, ii. [285], [286], [288], [289], [295];

gathered on Midsummer Eve, ii. [286] sq.;

qualities of, ii. [289];

viewed as the seat of life, ii. [295];

life of the oak in the, ii. [360], [361];

not allowed to touch the ground, ii. [361];

a protection against witchcraft, ii. [362];

the Golden Bough the, ii. [363], [368];

reason it was called the Golden Bough, ii. [365];

why called golden, ii. [366], [367];

divining rods made from, in [pg 399] Sweden, ii. [367];

gathered at midsummer and Christmas, ii. [367]

Mithraic mysteries, ii. [358]

Mnevis, the bull, ii. [60], [61]

Moa, expulsion of diseases to sea by the, ii. [192]

Mock executions, i. 261

—— human sacrifices, i. 250-253

Mole, Le, i. 5

Moluccas, festivals in the, i. 40;

treatment of clove-trees in blossom in the, i. 60;

soul abduction in the, i. 133, 134;

ceremony in the, after a journey, i. 158

Mondard, the great, ii. [40]

Mongolians, stuffing the skin of a sacrificed animal by the, ii. [124]

Mongols, the, and the soul, i. 128

Monomotapa, precautions taken for the king of, i. 159

Montalto, Mid Lent custom in, i. 262

Mooris, custom at births by the, ii. [329]

Moosheim, fire festival at, ii. [278]

Moqui Indians, belief in the transmigration of human souls into turtles held by the, ii. [98], [99];

totem clans of the, ii. [99]

Moresby, Captain, at Shepherd's Isle, i. 152, 153

Morocco, iron a protection against demons in, i. 175;

ants eaten in, ii. [87];

diverting evil spirits in, ii. [151]

Mother-cotton, the, i. 353

—— of the maize, i. 350-352

Motumotu theory of storms, i. 27

——, the soul believed to be in the reflection by the, i. 145

Mowat, the chief of, supposed to have power of affecting crops, etc., i. 46;

boys beaten to make them grow in, ii. [216]

Mozcas, weather kings of the, i. 44

Muato Jamwo, a capital offence to see him eat, i. 162

Mundaris, sacred groves of the, i. 63;

superstition concerning the felling of sacred groves, i. 67;

harvest festival, ii. [172]

Mundas, ceremony at the planting of the rice by the, i. 288, 289

Munster, rain fountain in, i. 19

Münsterland, Easter fires in, ii. [252], [253]

Murrain, cure for the, ii. [191]

Murrams of Manipur, restrictions of food among the, i. 208

Muyscas, weather kings of the, i. 44

Nagual, the, of the Indians of Guatemala, ii. [333], [334]

Nails, cutting the, i. 195, 196;

burying the first cuttings of a child's, i. 201;

cuttings of, preserved, i. 202-205

Namaquas, foods eaten and rejected by the, ii. [86]

Nanumea, precautions against strangers in the island of, i. 151

Narrinyeri and their totems, i. 165, 166

Nass River, Indians of the, and the recall of the soul, i. 140, 141

Natchez, harvest festival by the, ii. [382-384]

Nature, kings of, i. 52;

dependence of, upon the divine king, i. 109

Nauders, sacred larch-tree at, i. 61, 62

Naudowessies, initiatory ceremony amongst the, ii. [350]

Navarre, rain-making in, i. 15

Ndembo, the, ii. [345]

Need fires, ii. [269], [293]

Negro idea of the soul, i. 125

Nemi, lake of, i. 1;

tree within the sanctuary, i. 4;

priest of, i. 249, 253, ii. [223];

unchanged, ii. [370], [371]

Nerechta, Whitsuntide customs in, i. 96

Neuautz, custom at barley sowing in, ii. [28]

Neuhausen, harvest custom in, i. 370

Neusaass, harvest custom in, i. 337

New Britain, rain-making in, i. 13, 14;

wind-charm, i. 26;

driving away evil in, ii. [158];

expulsion of devils in, ii. [203];

initiation ceremony in, ii. [352], [353]

New Caledonia, rain-making in, i. 16;

charm for making sunshine in, i. 22-24

New fruits etc. eaten sacramentally, ii. [68-79]

New Guinea, seclusion of girls in, ii. [228], [229]

New Ireland, seclusion of girls in, ii. [226-228]

New South Wales, ceremony of initiation in, i. 163;

first-born eaten in, i. 236

New Year's Day customs, ii. [170], [171], [179], [193], [194], [272], [273]

New Zealand, sacredness of blood in, i. 183;

superstition concerning the head, i. 192;

hair cutting in, i. 197, 199;

clippings from the hair buried in, i. 200;

effects of sacred contagion in, ii. [55];

gods, ii. [89]

Nias, the people of, and the soul, i. 122, 138;

precautions against strangers in, i. 154;

succession in, i. 238;

slaves sacrificed at the funeral [pg 400] of a chief in, i. 251;

exorcising the devil in, ii. [160], [161];

scapegoats in, ii. [196], [197]

Nicobar Islands, ceremony in cases of epidemic in the, ii. [188], [189];

expulsion of devils in the, ii. [192]

Nightjar, the, ii. [334], [335]

Nisus, King of Megara, ii. [305]

Nootka Indians, ceremony by the, at the killing of a bear, ii. [113];

initiatory ceremony by the, ii. [351]

Nördlingen, threshing custom in, i. 371

Norse stories, the external soul in, ii. [312], [313]

North American Indians, their idea with regard to strangers, i. 153;

restrictions upon women at certain times, i. 170;

cleansing after the slaying of enemies, i. 170, 171;

abstinence from blood, i. 179;

nail cutting amongst the, i. 196;

belief concerning the various properties of food, ii. [85], [86];

spare the rattlesnake, ii. [110];

ceremony at bear killing, ii. [115];

respect for the elan, deer and elk, ii. [117], [118];

regard for the bones of animals, ii. [125]

Northamptonshire, May-day custom in, i. 75;

cure for cough, ii. [154]

Norway, cut hair and nails buried or burned in, i. 205;

midsummer bonfires in, ii. [289]

Nürnberg, ceremony of carrying out Death in, i. 259

Oak worship, ii. [291];

the chief sacred tree of the European Aryans, ii. [291-370];

sacred fires made of, ii. [292];

oak wood burnt on Midsummer Day, ii. [294];

Balder is the, ii. [295];

human representative of the, slain, ii. [294-296];

life of, in the mistletoe, ii. [360], [361];

superstition concerning the oak tree, ii. [368];

a store of solar fire, ii. [369]

Oats-goat, ii. [13-15]

Obermedlingen, threshing custom in, ii. [21], [22];

midsummer fires in, ii. [270]

Oberpfalz, threshing custom in, i. 371

October horse, ii. [64-67]

Offerings of first-fruits, ii. [373-384]

Oil of St. John, ii. [288], [289]

Ojebways, sunshine charm used by the, i. 22;

seldom fell living trees, i. 61

Olaf, King of Sweden, sacrificed, i. 47, 48

Old Calabar, revellings at the expulsion of devils in, ii. [193]

Old man, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 337, 338

Old woman, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 337, 338

Oldenburg, superstition regarding the reflection in, i. 147;

custom with regard to clippings from the hair in, i. 201;

fire festival in, ii. [250]

Omaha Indians, rain-making by the, i. 14;

wind clan of the Omahas, i. 26;

their totems, ii. [53], [56]

Omens, neutralising bad, ii. [151]

Onitsha, ceremony of eating the new yams at, ii. [74];

New Year festival in, ii. [170], [171];

human scapegoats in, ii. [195], [196]

Oraon festival, i. 85, 86

Oraons, ceremony at rice planting by the, i. 288

Orchomenus, human sacrifice at the rites of Dionysus in, i. 329

Oregon, belief in the recall of the soul by the Salish Indians of, i. 136, 137

Orestes, the originator of the worship of Diana, i. 3

Orinoco rain-charm, i. 18, 93;

sunshine charm, i. 22

Orissa, worshippers of the Queen of England in, i. 41;

rice growing in, i. 61

Orkney Islands, transference of sickness in the, ii. [153]

Osiris, myth of, i. 301 sq.;

ritual of, i. 303-305;

representation of the dead body of, in the temple of Isis, i. 305;

a corn-spirit, i. 305-307;

a tree-spirit, i. 307-309;

grave of, at Philae, i. 309;

arguments for and against his being the sun-god, i. 311-313, 316, 317, 318, 320;

a god of vegetation, i. 319;

rites of, similar to those of Dionysus and Adonis, i. 319, 320;

probable origin of the cult of, i. 363;

once represented by a human victim, i. 400-404;

on monuments, i. 403;

key to the mysteries of, i. 404;

as a pig, ii. [52-60];

death of, ii. [58], [59];

annual sacrifice of a pig to, ii. [58], [59];

as a bull, ii. [59-61]

Osnabrück, harvest custom in, i. 336

Osterode, Easter fires in, ii. [253]

Ostiaks, ceremony by the, at the killing of a bear, ii. [111], [112]

Ot Damons, custom with regard to strangers by the, i. 151, 152;

seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. [229]

Otawa Indians, ceremony at the killing of a bear by the, ii. [113];

do not burn fish bones, ii. [119]

Oude, sin eating in, ii. [156]

Owl, the, ii. [335], [336]

Ox, ritual at the Athenian sacrifice of the, ii. [38], [39], [41];

as an embodiment [pg 401] of the corn-spirit, ii. [41-43];

Osiris and the, ii. [59-61]

Ozieri, Gardens of Adonis at, i. 290

Pacific, human gods in the, i. 38, 39

Pádams of Assam, superstition concerning lost children by the, i. 63

Palermo, “sawing the old woman” in, i. 261

Palm-tree, the Dyaks and the, ii. [329]

—— Sunday custom, ii. [216]

Pan, representation of, ii. [34], [35];

the Lord of the Wood, ii. [35]

Panes, festival of the, ii. [90], [91]

Papuans, foods eaten by the, ii. [87];

belief in a child's life being bound up with that of a tree, ii. [329]

Paris, procession of mock giant in, ii. [281]

Parthian monarchs worshipped as deities, i. 49

Patagonians, burning of loose hair by the, i. 205

Pawnees, human sacrifices by the, at sowing, i. 381, 382

Payaguas, method of fighting the wind by the, i. 28

Pear-tree, the protector of cattle, i. 73

Pelew Islanders, god of the, i. 39, 40;

custom at tree-felling by the, i. 62, 63;

ceremony on the killing of a man by the, i. 178

Pembrokeshire, Twelfth Day custom in, ii. [143]

Pepper Coast, high priest held responsible for the general welfare, i. 47

Permanent incarnation, i. 37-42

Persian kings not seen eating, i. 162

Peru, rain-charm in, i. 17;

charm for staying the sun in, i. 24;

preservation of the representative corn-spirit by the ancient Peruvians, i. 350, 351;

expulsion of devils in, ii. [203];

self-beating in, ii. [216].