Index.
Ababua, the, [65]
Abbas, the Great, [157]
Abchases, their memorial feasts, [98], [103]
Abdication, annual, of kings, [148];
of father when his son is grown up, [181];
of the king on the birth of a son, [190]
Abeokuta, the Alake of, [203]
Abipones, the, [63]
Abraham, his attempted sacrifice of Isaac, [177]
Abruzzi, the, [66], [67]; burning an effigy of the Carnival in the, [224];
Lenten custom in the, [244] sq.
Abstract notions, the personification of, not primitive, [253]
Academy at Athens, funeral games held in the, [96]
Acaill, Book of, [39]
Accession of a Shilluk king, ceremonies at the, [23] sq.
Acropolis at Athens, the sacred serpent on the, [86] sq.
Adonis or Tammuz, [7]
Aesculapius restores Hippolytus or Virbius to life, [214]
Africa, succession to the soul in, [200] sq.
—— North, festivals of swinging in, [284]
Agathocles, his siege of Carthage, [167]
Agrigentum, Phalaris of, [75]
Agrionia, a festival, [163]
Agylla, funeral games at, [95]
Ahaz, King, his sacrifice of his children, [169] sq.
Alake, the, of Abeokuta, custom of cutting off the head of his corpse, [203]
Alban kings, [76]
Albania, expulsion of Kore on Easter Eve in, [265]
Alcibiades of Apamea, his vision of the Holy Ghost, [5] n.3
Alexander the Great, funeral games in his honour, [95]
Algonkin women, their attempts to be impregnated by the souls of the dying, [199]
Altdorf and Weingarten, Ash Wednesday at, [232]
Alus, sanctuary of Laphystian Zeus at, [161], [164]
Amasis, king of Egypt, [217]
Amelioration in the character of the gods, [136]
American Indians, their Great Spirit, [3]
Andaman Islanders, their ideas as to shooting stars, [60]
Angamis, the, [13]
Angel of Death, [177] sq.
Angola, the Matiamvo of, [35]
Angoni, the, of British Central Africa, [156] n.2
Angoy, king of, [39]
Anhouri, Egyptian god, [5]
Animals sacred to kings, [82], [84] sqq.;
transformations into, [82] sqq.
Annam, natives of, their indifference to death, [136] sq.
Annual abdication of kings, [148]
—— renewal of king's power at Babylon, [113]
—— tenure of the kingship, [113] sqq.
Antichrist, expected reign of, [44] sq.
Aphrodite, the grave of, [4]
Apollo, buried at Delphi, [4];
and the laurel, [78] sqq.;
as slayer of the dragon at Delphi, [78], [79], [80] sq.;
at Thebes, [79];
purged of the dragon's blood in the Vale of Tempe, [81]
Ardennes, effigies of Carnival burned in the, [226] sq.
Ares, the grave of, [4]
Ariadne and Theseus, [75]
Ariadne's Dance, [77]
Arician grove, ritual of the, [213]
Arizona, mock human sacrifices in, [215]
Arnold, Matthew, on the English middle class, [146]
Artemis, Munychian, sacrifice to, [166] n.1; mock human sacrifice in the ritual of, [215] sq.
Artemisia, wife of Mausolus, [95]
Ascanius, [76]
Ascension Day, [222] n.1; the “Carrying out of Death” on, at Braller, [247] sqq.
Ash Wednesday, Burial of the Carnival on, [221];
death of Caramantran on, [226];
effigies of Carnival or of Shrove Tuesday burnt or buried on, [226], [228] sqq.
Asherim, sacred poles, [169]
Ass, son of a god in the form of an, [124] sq.;
the crest or totem of a royal family, [132], [133]
“Assegai, child of the,” [183]
Asses and men, redemption of firstling, [173]
Assyrian eponymate, [116] sq.
Astarte, the moon-goddess, [92]
Astronomical considerations determining the early Greek calendar, [68] sq.
Athamas and his children, legend of, [161] sqq.
Athena, human sacrifices to, [166] n.1
Athenaeus, [143]
Athenian festival of swinging, [281]
Athens, funeral games at, [96];
hand of suicide cut off at, [220] n.
Attacks on kings permitted, [22], [48] sqq.
Aun or On, king of Sweden, [57]; sacrifices his sons, [160] sq., [188]
Aurora Australis, fear entertained by the Kurnai of the, [267] n.1
Australia, custom of destroying firstborn children among the aborigines of, [179] sq.;
magical rites for the revival of nature in Central, [270]
Australian aborigines, their ideas as to shooting stars, [60] sq.
—— funeral custom, [92]
Avebury, Lord, [146] n.1, [273]
Baal, Semitic, [75];
human sacrifices to, [167] sqq., [195]
Babylon, festival of Zagmuk at, [110], [113]
Babylonian gods, mortality of the, [5] sq.
—— legend of creation, [110]
—— myth of Marduk and Tiamat, [105] sq., [107] sq.
Bacchic frenzy, [164]
Baganda, the, [11]
Ball, V., [279]
Ballymote, the Book of, [100]
Balwe in Westphalia, Burying the Carnival at, [232]
Banishment of homicide, [69] sq.
Banna, a tribe accustomed to strangle their firstborn children, [181] sq.
Barber, Rev. Dr. W. T. A., [145] n., [275]
Barcelona, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” at, [242]
Bashada, a tribe accustomed to strangle their firstborn children, [181] sq.
Bashkirs, their horse-races at funerals, [97]
Bath of ox blood, [201]
Battle of Summer and Winter, [254] sqq.
Bautz, Dr. Joseph, on hell fire, [136] n.1
Bavaria, Whitsuntide mummers in, [207] sq.;
Carrying out Death in, [233] sqq.;
dramatic contests between Summer and Winter in, [255] sq.
Bear, the soul of Typhon in the Great, [5]
Beast, the number of the, [44]
Beating cattle to make them fat or fruitful, [236]
Beauty and the Beast type of tale, [125] sqq.
Bedouins, annual festival of the Sinaitic, [97]
Behar, custom of swinging in, [279]
Beheading the King, a Whitsuntide pageant in Bohemia, [209] sq.
Bengal, kings of, their rule of succession, [51]
Bengkali, East Indian island, [277]
Benin, king of, represented with panther's whiskers, [85] sq.;
human sacrifices at the burial of a king of, [139] sq.
Berosus, Babylonian historian, [113]
Berry, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” in, [241] sq.
Bhagats, mock human sacrifices among the, [217] sq.
Bhuiyas, the, of north-eastern India, [56]
Bilaspur, temporary rajah in, [154]
Birds of omen, stories of their origin, [126], [127] sq.
Black, Dr. J. Sutherland, [260] sq.
Black bull sacrificed to the dead, [95]
—— ox, bath of blood of, [201]
—— ram sacrificed to Pelops, [92], [104]
Bland, J. O. P., [274] sq.
Blemishes, bodily, a ground for putting kings to death, [36] sqq.
Blood of victims in rain-making ceremonies, [20];
bath of ox, [35];
human, offered to the dead, [92] sq., [104];
of sacrifice splashed on door-posts, house-posts, etc., [175], [176] n.1;
of human victims smeared on faces of idols, [185]
Boemus, J., [234]
Bohemia, Whitsuntide mummers in, [209] sqq.;
“Carrying out Death” in, [237] sq.
Bones of sacrificial victim not broken, [20]
Bonfire, jumping over, [262]
Boni, in Celebes, [40]
Book of Acaill, [39]
Borans, their custom of sacrificing their children, [181]
Bororos, the, of Brazil, [62]
Bourges, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” at, [242]
Bourke, Captain J. G., [215]
Boxers at funerals, [97]
Brahmans, the ceremonial swinging of, [150], [156] sq.
Braller in Transylvania, [230]; “Carrying out Death” at, [247] sqq.
Brasidas, funeral games in his honour, [94]
Brazilian Indians, their indifference to death, [138]
Breezes, magical means of securing, [287]
Bridegroom of the May, [266]
Bringing in Summer, [233], [237], [238], [246] sqq.
Britomartis and Minos, [73]
Brittany, Burial of Shrove Tuesday or of the Carnival in, [229] sq.
Brockelmann, C., [116]
Bronze ploughs used by Etruscans at founding cities, [157]
Brother and sister marriages in royal families, [193] sq.
Buddhist monks, suicide of, [42] sq.
Budge, E. A. Wallis, [5] n.3
Buginese of Celebes, their custom of swinging, [277]
Bull, Pasiphae and the, [71]; as symbol of the sun, [71] sq.;
the brazen, of Phalaris, [75];
said to have guided the Samnites, [186] n.4
—— and cow, represented by masked actors, [71]
Bull-headed image of the sun, [75], [76], [78]
Burgebrach in Bavaria, straw-man burnt on Ash Wednesday at, [232]
Burial alive of the aged, [11] sq.;
in jars, [12] sq.;
of infants to secure rebirth, [199] sq.;
of Shrove Tuesday, [228]
Burning an effigy of the Carnival, [223], [224], [228] sq., [229] sq., [232] sq.
—— effigies of Shrove Tuesday, [227] sqq.;
of Winter at Zurich, [260] sq.
“Burying the Carnival,” [209], [220] sqq.
Busoga, mock human sacrifice in, [215]
Cabunian, Mount, [3]
Cadiz, custom of swinging at, [284]
Cadmea, the, [79]
Cadmus, servitude of, for the slaughter of the dragon, [70] n.1, [78];
the slayer of the dragon at Thebes, [78] sq.
—— and Harmonia, their transformation into serpents, [84];
Caffres, the, [65]
Caiem, the caliph, [8]
Calabria, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” in, [241];
custom of swinging in, [284]
Calendar, the early Greek, determined by astronomical considerations, [68] sq.;
closely bound up with religion, [69];
the Syro-Macedonian, [116]
Calica Puran, an Indian law-book, [217]
Calicut, rule of succession observed by the kings of, [47] sqq., [206]
California, Indians of, [62]
Cambodia, Kings of Fire and Water in, [14];
annual abdication of the king of, [148]
Canaanites, their custom of burning their children in honour of Baal, [168]
Canada, Indians of, their ceremony for mitigating the cold of winter, [259] sq.
Caramantran, death of, on Ash Wednesday in Provence, [226]
Carinthia, ceremony at the installation of a prince of, [154] sq.
Carman, the fair of, [100], [101]
Carnival, Burying the, [209], [220] sqq.;
swings taken down at, [287]
“Carnival (Shrovetide) Fool,” [231]
Carolina, king's son wounded among the Indians of, [184] sq.
Carrier Indians, succession to the soul among the, [199]
“Carrying out Death,” [221], [233] sqq., [246] sqq.
Carthaginian sacrifice of children to Moloch, [75];
to Baal, [167] sq.
Cassange, in Angola, king of, [203];
human sacrifice at installation of king of, [56] sq.
Cassotis, oracular spring, [79]
Castaly, the oracular spring of, [79]
Catalonia, funeral of Carnival in, [225]
Cattle sacrificed instead of human beings, [166] n. 1
Caucasus, funeral games among the people of the, [97] sq.
Cauxanas, Indian tribe of the Amazon, kill all their firstborn children, [185] sq.
Cecrops, half-serpent, half-man, [86] sq.
Celebes, sanctity of regalia in, [202]; the Toboongkoos of, [219]
Celts of Gaul, their indifference to death, [142] sq.
Cemeteries, fairs held at, [101], [102]
Chaka, a Zulu tyrant, [36] sq.
Chama, town on the Gold Coast, [129]
Chariot-race at Olympia, [91], [104] sq., [287]
—— races in honour of the dead, [93]
Chewsurs, their funeral games, [98]
Cheyne, Professor T. K., [86] n.4
Chilcotin Indians, their practice at an eclipse of the sun, [77]
“Child of the assegai,” [183]
Children sacrificed to Moloch, [75];
sacrificed by the Semites, [166] sqq.;
dislike of parents to have children like themselves, [287]
Chinese indifference to death, [144] sqq., [273] sqq.;
reports of custom of devouring firstborn children, [180]
Chiriguanos, the, of South America, [12]
Chirol, Valentine, [274]
Chitomé, a pontiff in Congo, the manner of his death, [14] sq.
Christmas, custom of swinging at, [284]
Chrudim in Bohemia, effigy of Death burnt at, [239]
Chukchees, voluntary deaths among the, [13]
Circassia, games in honour of the dead in, [98]
Circumcision of father as a mode of redeeming his offspring, [181];
mimic rite of, [219] sq.
Cities, Etruscan ceremony at the founding of, [157]
Cloud-dragon, myth of the, [107]
Cluis-Dessus and Cluis-Dessous, custom of “Sawing the Old Woman” at, [241] sq.
Cnossus, Minos at, [70] sqq.;
the labyrinth at, [75] sqq.
Cobra, the crest of the Maharajah of Nagpur, [132] sq.
Cock, king represented with the feathers of a, [85]
Colchis, Phrixus in, [162]
Congo, the pontiff Chitomé in, [14]
Conjunction of sun and moon, a time for marriage, [73]
Consecration of firstlings, [172]
Contempt of death, [142] sqq.
Contests, dramatic, between actors representing Summer and Winter, [254] sqq.
Conti, Nicolo, [54]
Conybeare, F. C., [5] n.3
Cook, A. B., [71] n.2, [78] n.2, [79] n.1, [80], [81] n.1, [82] ns.1 and 3, [89] n.5, [90]
Corannas of South Africa, custom as to succession among the, [191] sq.
Corea, custom of swinging in, [284] sq.
Cornaby, Rev. W. A., [273]
Cornford, F. M., [91] n.7
Corn-harvest, the first-fruits of the, offered at Lammas, [101] sq.
—— -spirit called the Old Man or the Old Woman, [253] sq.
Cornwall, temporary king in, [153] sq.
Corporeal relics of dead kings confer right to throne, [202] sq.
Courtiers required to imitate their sovereign, [39] sq.
Cow as symbol of the moon, [71] sq.
Crane, dance called the, [75]
Crassus, Publicius Licinius, [96]
Creation, myths of, [106] sqq.;
Babylonian legend of, [110]
Creator, the grave of the, [3]
Crete, grave of Zeus in, [3]
Criminals sacrificed, [195]
Crocodile clan, [31]
Cromm Cruach, a legendary Irish idol, [183]
Cronus buried in Sicily, [4];
his sacrifice of his son, [166], [179];
his treatment of his father and his children, [192];
his marriage with his sister Rhea, [194]
Crooke, W., [53] n.1, [157] n.5, [159] n.1
Crown of laurel, [78], [80] sqq.;
of oak leaves, [80] sqq.;
of olive at Olympia, [91]
Crowning, festival of the, at Delphi, [78] sqq.
Cruachan, the fair of, [101]
Crystals, superstitions as to, [64] n.6
Cupid and Psyche, story of, [131]
Cutting or lacerating the body in honour of the dead, [92] sq., [97]
Cuttle-fish, expiation for killing a, [217]
Cychreus, king of Salamis, [87]
Cycle, the octennial, based on an attempt to reconcile solar and lunar time, [68] sq.
Cyclopes, slaughter of the, [78] n.4
Cytisorus, [162]
Czechs of Bohemia, [221]
Daedalus, [75]
Dahomey, royal family of, related to leopards, [85];
religious massacres in, [138]
Daira or Mahadev Mohammedans in Mysore, [220]
Dalton, Colonel E. T., [217]
Danakils or Afar of East Africa, [200]
Dance of youths and maidens at Cnossus, [75] sqq.;
Ariadne's, [77]
Dardistan, custom of swinging in, [279]
Darfur, Sultans of, [39]
Dassera festival of Nepaul, [277]
Daura, a Hausa kingdom, [35];
custom of succession to the throne in, [201]
David, King, and the brazen serpent, [86]
Dead, souls of the, associated with falling stars, [64] sqq.;
rebirth of the, [70];
sacrifices to the, [92], [93], [94], [95], [97];
human blood offered to the, [92] sq., [104]
Dead kings, worship of, [24] sq.;
their spirits thought to possess sick people, [25] sq.;
of Uganda consulted as oracles, [200] sq.
—— man's hand used in magical ceremony, [267] n.1
—— One, the, name applied to the last sheaf, [254]
—— Sunday, [239];
the fourth Sunday in Lent, [221];
also called Mid-Lent, [222] n.1
Death of the Great Pan, [6] sq.
—— preference for a violent, [9] sqq.;
natural, regarded as a calamity, [11] sq.;
European fear of, [135] sq., [146];
indifference to, displayed by many races, [136] sqq.;
the Carrying out of, [pg 293] [221], [233] sqq., [246] sqq.;
conception of, in relation to vegetation, [253] sq.;
in the corn, [254];
and resurrection of Kostrubonko at Eastertide, [261];
and revival of vegetation, [263] sq.
Death, effigy of, feared and abhorred, [239] sq.;
potency of life attributed to, [247] sqq.
—— the Angel of, [177] sq.
De Barros, Portuguese historian, [51]
Deer, descent of Kalamants from a, [126] sq.;
sacrificed instead of human beings, [166] n..1
Delos, Theseus at, [75]
Delphi, tombs of Dionysus and Apollo at, [3] sq.;
festival of Crowning at, [78] sqq.
Dengdit, the Supreme Being of the Dinka, [30], [32]
Deputy, the expedient of dying by, [56], [160]
Dictynna and Minos, [73]
Dinka, the, of the White Nile, [28] sqq.;
totemism of the, [30] sq.
Diomede, human sacrifices to, [166] n.1
Dionysus, the tomb of, at Delphi, [3];
human sacrifice consummated by a priest of, [163];
boys sacrificed to, [166] n.1
Dislike of people to have children like themselves, [287]
Diurnal tenure of the kingship, [118] sq.
Divine king, the killing of the, [9] sqq.
—— kings of the Shilluk, [17] sqq.
—— spirit incarnate in Shilluk kings, [21], [26] sq.
Dodge, Colonel R. I., [3]
Dog killed instead of king, [17]
Doreh Bay in New Guinea, [287]
Dorians, their superstition as to meteors, [59]
Dragon, drama of the slaughter of the, [78] sqq., [89];
myth of the, [105] sqq.
Dragon-crest of kings, [105]
Dramatic contests of actors representing Summer and Winter, [254] sqq.
Dreams, revelations in, [25]
Drenching leaf-clad mummer as a rain-charm, [211]
Driver, Professor S. R., [170] n.5, [173] n.1
Ducks and ptarmigan, dramatic contest of the, [259]
Dyak medicine-men, their practice of swinging, [280] sq.
Dyaks of Sarawak, story of their descent from a fish, [126];
sacrifice cattle instead of human beings, [166] n.1;
their sacrifices during an epidemic, [176] n.1;
their custom of swinging, [277]
Dying, custom of catching the souls of the, [198] sqq.
Eames, W., [273]
Ears of sacrificial victims cut off, [97]
Easter, first Sunday after, [249];
swinging on the Tuesday after, [283];
custom of swinging on the four Sundays before, [284]
Easter Eve in Albania, expulsion of Kore on, [265]
Eastertide, death and resurrection of Kostrubonko at, [261]
Eating the bodies of aged relations, custom of, [14]
Echinadian Islands, [6]
Eclipse of the sun and moon, belief of the Tahitians as to, [73] n.2;
practice of the Chilcotin Indians at an, [77]
Ecliptic perhaps mimicked in dances, [77]
Effigies of Carnival, [222] sqq.;
of Shrove Tuesday, [227] sqq.;
of Death, [233] sqq., [246] sqq.;
seven-legged, of Lent in Spain and Italy, [244] sq.;
of Winter burnt at Zurich, [260] sq.;
of Kupalo, Kostroma, and Yarilo in Russia, [262] sq.
Effigy, human sacrifices carried out in, [217] sqq.
Egbas, the, [41]
Egypt, temporary kings in Upper, [151] sq.;
mock human sacrifices in ancient, [217]
Egyptian gods, mortality of the ancient, [4] sqq.;
influence on Christian doctrine of the Trinity, [5] n.3;
kings called bulls, [72];
trinities of gods, [5] n.3
Eimine Ban, an Irish abbot, [159] n.1
Eldest sons sacrificed for their fathers, [161] sqq.
Elliot, R. H., [136]
Emain, fair at, [100]
Embalming as a means of prolonging the life of the soul, [4]
Encheleans, the, [84]
Endymion at Olympia, [90]; his tomb at Olympia, [287]
English middle class, their clinging to life, [146]
Ἐννέωρος βασίλευε, [70] n.3
Eponymate, the Assyrian, [116] sq.
Eponymous magistrates, [117] n.1
Equinox, the spring, custom of swinging at, [284];
drama of Summer and Winter at the spring, [257]
Erechtheum, the, [87]
Erechtheus or Erichthonius in relation to the sacred serpent on the Acropolis, [86] sq.;
voluntary death of the daughters of, [192] n.3
Ergamenes, king of Meroe, [15]
Erichthonius, [86]. See [Erechtheus]
Erigone, her suicide by hanging, [281] sq.
Erzgebirge, Shrovetide custom in the, [208] sq.
Esagil, temple of Marduk at Babylon, [113]
Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, [116]
Esquimaux, suicide among the, [43];
their magical ceremony in autumn, [259]
Esthonian belief as to falling stars, [66] sq.;
celebration of St. John's Day, [280];
custom on Shrove Tuesday, [233], [252] sq.
Esthonians, their ideas of shooting stars, [63]
Ethiopia, kings of, chosen for their beauty, [38] sq.
Ethiopian kings of Meroe put to death, [15]
Etruscan ceremony at founding cities, [157]
Euphorion of Chalcis, Greek author, [143], [144]
Europa, her wanderings, [89];
and Zeus, [73]
European beliefs as to shooting stars, [66] sqq.;
fear of death, [135] sq., [146]
Evans, Sebastian, [122] n.1
Eve, Easter, in Albania, [265]
Eve of St. John (Midsummer Eve), Russian ceremony on, [262]
Ewe negroes, the, [61]
Expiation for killing sacred animals, [216] sq.
Eyeo, kings of, put to death, [40] sq.
Ezekiel, on the sacrifice of the firstborn, [171] sq.
E-zida, the temple of Nabu, [110]
Fairs of ancient Ireland, [99] sqq.
Fashoda, the capital of the Shilluk kings, [18], [19], [21], [24]
Father god succeeded by his divine son, [5]
Fazoql or Fazolglou, kings of, put to death, [16]
Fear of death entertained by the European races, [135] sq., [146]
“Feeding the dead,” [102]
Feriae Latinae, [283]
Feronia, a Latin goddess, [186] n.4
Fertilising power ascribed to the effigy of Death, [250] sq.
Festival of the Crowning at Delphi, [78] sq.;
of the Laurel-bearing at Thebes, [78] sq., [88] sq.
Festus, on “the Sacred Spring,” [186]
Feuillet, Madame Octave, [228] sq.
Fez, mock sultan in, [152]
Fighting the king, right of, [22]
Fiji, voluntary deaths in, [11] sq.;
custom of grave-diggers in, [156] n.2;
rule of succession in, [191]
Finger-joints, custom of sacrificing, [219];
mock sacrifice of, ib.
Fire, voluntary death by, [42] sqq.;
and Water, kings of, in Cambodia, [14]
Firstborn, sacrifice of the, [171] sqq.;
killed and eaten, [179] sq.;
sacrificed among various races, [179] sqq.
—— -fruits offered to the dead, [102];
of the corn offered at Lammas, [101] sq.;
of the vintage offered to Icarius and Erigone, [283]
Firstlings, Hebrew sacrifice of, [172] sq.;
Irish sacrifice of, [183]
Fish, descent of the Dyaks from a, [126]
Fison, Rev. Lorimer, [156] n.2
Five years, despotic power for period of, [53]
Flight of the priestly king (Regifugium) at Rome, [213]
Florence, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” at, [240] sq.
Florida, sacrifice of firstborn male children by the Indians of, [184]
Fool, the Carnival, burial of, [231] sq.
Foot, custom of standing on one, [149], [150], [155], [156]
—— -race at Olympia, [287]
Franche-Comté, effigies of Shrove Tuesday destroyed in, [227]
Freycinet, L. de, [118] n.1
Frosinone in Latium, burning an effigy of the Carnival at, [22] sq.
Funeral of Kostroma, [261] sqq.
—— -games, [92] sqq.
—— -rites performed for a father in the fifth month of his wife's pregnancy, [189]
Futuna in the South Pacific, [97]
Galton, Sir Francis, [146] n.2
Game of Troy, [76] sq.
Games, funeral, [92] sqq.
Ganges, firstborn children sacrificed to the, [180] sq.
Gazelle Peninsula in New Britain, [65]
Gelo, tyrant of Syracuse, [167]
Genesis, account of the creation in, [106]
Ghost, the Holy, regarded as female, [5] n.3
Ghosts propitiated with blood, [92];
propitiated with games, [96];
anger of, [103]
Giles, Professor H. A., [275]
Girls' race at Olympia, [91]
Gladiators at Roman funerals, [96];
at Roman banquets, [143]
Goats sacrificed instead of human beings, [166] n.1
Gobir, a Hausa kingdom, [35]
God, the killing and resurrection of a god in the hunting, pastoral, and agricultural stages of society, [221]
God's Mouth, [41]
Gods, mortality of the, [1] sqq.;
created by man in his own likeness, [2] sq.;
succeeded by their sons, [5];
progressive amelioration in the character of the, [136]
Golden apples of the Hesperides, [80]
—— fleece, ram with, [162]
—— swords, [75]
Goldmann, Dr. Emil, [155] n.1
Goldziher, I., [97] n.7
Gomes, E. H., [176] n.1
Gonds, mock human sacrifices among the, [217]
Good Friday, [284]
Gore, Captain, [139] n.1
Gospel to the Hebrews, the apocryphal, [5] n.3
Graal, History of the Holy, [120], [134]
Grape-cluster, Mother of the, [8]
Gray, Archdeacon J. H., [145]
Great Pan, death of the, [6] sq.
—— Spirit, the, of the American Indians, [3]
—— year, the, [70]
Greece, human sacrifices in ancient, [161] sqq.;
swinging as a festal rite in modern, [283] sq.
Greek mode of reckoning intervals of time, [59] n.1
Greenlanders, their belief in the mortality of the gods, [3]
Grey hair a signal of death, [36] sq.
—— hairs of kings, [100], [102], [103]
Grimm, J., [155] n.1, [221], [240], [244]
Groot, Professor J. J. M. de, [180] n.7, [275]
Grove, the Arician, [213]
Guatemala, catching the soul of the dying in, [199]
Guayana Indians, [12]
Gypsies, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” among the, [243]
Hair, grey, a signal of death, [36] sq.
Halae in Attica, mock human sacrifice at, [215]
Hale, Horatio, quoted, [11] sq.
Hamilton, Alexander, quoted, [48]
Hamilton's Account of the East Indies, [278]
Hammurabi, king of Babylon, [110]
Hand of dead man in magical ceremony, [267] n.1;
of suicide cut off, [220] n.
Hanging of an effigy of the Carnival, [230] sq.
Harmonia and Cadmus, [84];
Harvest ceremonies, [20], [25]
Harz Mountains, ceremony at Carnival in the, [233]
Hausa kings put to death, [35]
Hawaii, annual festival in, [117] sq.
Hawk in Egypt, symbol of the sun and of the king, [112]
Heads of dead kings removed and kept, [202] sq.
Hebrew sacrifice of the firstborn, [171] sqq.
Hebrews, apocryphal Gospel to the, [5] n.3
Heitsi-eibib, a Hottentot god, [3]
Heliogabalus, the emperor, [92]
Heliopolis, [5];
the sacred bull of, [72]
Hell fire in Catholic and Protestant theology, [136]
Helle and Phrixus, the children of King Athamas, [161] sqq.
Hephaestion, [95]
Hera, race of girls in honour of, at Olympia, [91];
the sister of her husband Zeus, [194]
Heraclitus, on the souls of the dead, [12]
Hercules in the garden of the Hesperides, [80]
Hermapolis, [4]
Hermes, the grave of, [4]
Heruli, the, [14]
Hesperides, garden of the, [80]
Hieraconpolis, [112]
High History of the Holy Graal, [120], [134]
Hippodamia at Olympia, [91];
grave of the suitors of, [104]
Hippolytus or Virbius killed by horses, [214]
Hindoo belief as to shooting stars, [67];
of the rebirth of a father in his son, [188]
Hinnom, the Valley of, [169], [170]
Hirpini, guided by a wolf (hirpus), [186] n.4
Hodson, T. C., [117] n.1
Hoeck, K., [73] n.1
Hofmayr, P. W., [18] n.1, [19] n.2
Holm-oak, [81] sq.
Holy Ghost, regarded as female, [5] n.3
—— Saturday, [244]
Homeric age, funeral games in the, [93]
Homicide, banishment of, [69] sq.
Homoeopathic or imitative magic, [283], [285]
Hooks, Indian custom of swinging on, [278] sq.
Horse-mackerel, descent of a totemic clan from a, [129]
—— -races in honour of the dead, [97], [98], [99], [101];
at fairs, [99] sqq.
Horses, Hippolytus killed by, [214]
Horus, the soul of, in Orion, [5]
Hottentots, the mortal god of the, [3]
Howitt, A. W., [64]
Human flesh, transformation into animal shape through eating, [83] sq.
Human sacrifices at Upsala, [58];
in ancient Greece, [161] sqq.;
mock, [214] sqq.;
offered by ancestors of the European races, [214];
to renew the sun's fire, [74] sq.
Huntsman, the Spectral, [178]
Huron Indians, their burial of infants, [199]
Ibadan in West Africa, [203]
Ibn Batuta, [53]
Icarus or Icarius and his daughter Erigone, [281] sq., [283]
Ida, oracular cave of Zeus on Mount, [70]
Ihering, R. von, [187] n.4
Ijebu tribe, [112]
Ilex or holm-oak, [81] sq.
Immortality, belief of savages in their natural, [1];
firm belief of the North American Indians in, [137]
Impregnation by the souls of the dying, [199]
Incarnation of divine spirit in Shilluk kings, [21], [26] sq.
India, sacrifice of firstborn children in, [180] sq.;
images of Siva and Pârvati married in, [265] sq.
Indians of Arizona, mock human sacrifice among the, [215];
of Canada, their ceremony for mitigating the cold of winter, [259] sq.
Indifference to death displayed by many races, [136] sqq.
Indra and the dragon Vrtra, [106] sq.
Infanticide among the Australian aborigines, [187] n.6;
sometimes suggested by a doctrine of transmigration or reincarnation of human souls, [188] sq.;
prevalent in Polynesia, [191], [196];
among savages, [196] sq.
Infants, burial of, [199]
Ino and Melicertes, [162]
Intervals of time, Greek and Latin modes of reckoning, [59] n.1
Invocavit Sunday, [243]
Ireland, the great fairs of ancient, [99] sqq.
Irish sacrifice of firstlings, [183]
Iron-Beard, Dr., a Whitsuntide mummer, [208], [212], [233]
Isaac about to be sacrificed by his father Abraham, [177]
Isaacs, Nathaniel, [36] sq.
Isis, the soul of, in Sirius, [5]
Isle of Man, May Day in the, [258]
Isocrates, [95]
Israelites, their custom of burning their children in honour of Baal, [168] sqq.
Isthmian games instituted in honour of Melicertes, [93], [103]
Italy, seven-legged effigies of Lent in, [244] sq.
Jack o' Lent, [230]
Jagas, a tribe of Angola, their custom of infanticide, [196] sq.
Jaintias of Assam, [55]
Jambi in Sumatra, temporary kings in, [154]
Japan, mock human sacrifices in, [218]
Jars, burial in, [12] sq.
Java, Sultans of, [53]
Jawbone of king preserved, [200] sq.
Jeoud, the only-begotten son of Cronus, sacrificed by his father, [166]
Jerome, on Tophet, [170]
“Jerusalem, the Road of,” [76]
Jerusalem, sacrifice of children at, [169]
Jinn, death of the King of the, [8]
Jordanus, Friar, [54]
Joyce, P. W., [100] n.1, [101]
Judah, kings of, their custom of burning their children, [169]
Jukos, kings of the, put to death, [34]
Jumping over a bonfire, [262]
June, the twenty-ninth of, St. Peter's Day, [262]
Jŭok, the great god of the Shilluk, [18]
Jupiter, period of revolution of the planet, [49]
Justin, [187] n.5
Kaitish, the, [60]
Kalamantans, their descent from a deer, [126] sq.
Kali, Indian goddess, [123]
Kamants, a Jewish tribe, [12]
Kanagra district of India, [265]
Karpathos, custom of swinging in the island of, [284]
Katsina, a Hausa kingdom, [35]
Kayans of Borneo, mock human sacrifices among the, [218]
Keonjhur, ceremony at installation of Rajah of, [56]
Kerre, a tribe accustomed to strangle their firstborn children, [181] sq.
Khlysti, the, a Russian sect, [196] n.3
Khonds of India, their human sacrifices, [139]
Kibanga, kings of, put to death, [34]
Killer of the Elephant, [35]
Killing the divine king, [9] sqq.
—— of the tree-spirit, [205] sqq.;
a means to promote the growth of vegetation, [211] sq.
—— a god, in the hunting, pastoral, and agricultural stages of society, [221]
King, the killing of the divine, [8] sqq.;
slaying of the, in legend, [120] sqq.;
responsible for the weather and crops, [165];
abdicates on the birth of a son, [190];
at Whitsuntide, pretence of beheading the, [209] sq.
King of the Jinn, death of the, [8]
—— of the Wood at Nemi, [28], [205] sq., [212] sqq.
—— and Queen of May, marriage of, [266]
King's daughter offered as prize in a race, [104]
—— jawbone preserved, [200] sq.
—— life sympathetically bound up with the prosperity of the country, [21], [27]
—— skull used as a drinking-vessel, [200]
—— son, sacrifice of the, [160] sqq.
—— widow, succession to the throne through marriage with, [193]
Kingdom, the prize of a race, [103] sqq. See also [Succession]
Kings, divine, of the Shilluk, [17] sqq.;
regarded as incarnations of a divine spirit, [21], [26] sq.;
attacks on, permitted, [22], [48] sqq.;
worship of dead, [24] sq.;
killed at the end of a fixed term, [46] sqq.;
related to sacred animals, [82], [84] sqq.;
personating dragons or serpents, [82];
addressed by names of animals, [86];
with a dragon or serpent crest, [105];
the supply of, [134] sqq.;
temporary, [148] sqq.;
abdicate annually, [148]
—— killed when their strength fails, [14] sqq.
—— of Dahomey and Benin represented partly in animal shapes, [85] sq.
—— of Fire and Water, [14]
—— of Uganda, dead, consulted as oracles, [200] sq.
Kingship, octennial tenure of the, [58] sqq.;
triennial tenure of the, [112] sq.;
annual tenure of the, [113] sqq.;
diurnal tenure of the, [118] sq.;
burdens and restrictions attaching to the early, [135];
modern type of, different from the ancient, [135]
Kingsley, Mary H., [119] n.1
Kingsmill Islanders, [64]
Kirghiz, games in honour of the dead among the, [97]
Kirwaido, ruler of the old Prussians, [41]
Königgrätz district of Bohemia, Whitsuntide custom in the, [209] sq.
Kore expelled on Easter Eve in Albania, [265]
Koryaks, voluntary deaths among the, [13]
Kostroma, funeral of, [261] sqq.
Kostrubonko, funeral of, [261]
Krapf, Dr. J. L., [183] n.1
Krishna, Hindoo festival of swinging in honour of, [279]
Kupalo, funeral of, [261], [262]
Kurnai, their fear of the Aurora Australis, [267] n.1
Kutonaqa Indians of British Columbia, their sacrifice of their firstborn children to the sun, [183] sq.
La Rochelle, burning of Shrove Tuesday at, [230]
Labyrinth, the Cretan, [71], [74], [75], [76], [77]
Labyrinths in churches, [76];
in the north of Europe, [76] sq.
Lada, the funeral of, [261], [262]
Laevinus, M. Valerius, [96]
Laius and Oedipus, [193]
“Lame reign,” [38]
Lammas, the first of August, [99], [100], [101], [105]
Lampson, M. W., [146] n.1, [273]
Lancelot constrained to be king, [120] sq., [135]
Lang, Andrew, [130] n.1
Laodicea in Syria, human sacrifices at, [166] n.1
Laos, a province of Siam, [97]
Laphystian Zeus, [161], [162], [163], [164], [165]
Last sheaf called “the Dead One,” [254]
Latin festival, the great (Feriae Latinae), [283]
—— mode of reckoning intervals of time, [59] n.1
Latins, sanctity of the woodpecker among the, [186] n.4
Latinus, King, his disappearance, [283]
Laughlan Islanders, [63]
Laurel, sacred, guarded by a dragon, [79] sq.;
chewed by priestess of Apollo, [80]
Laurel-Bearer at Thebes, [88] sq.
—— -Bearing Apollo, [79] n.3
—— -bearing, festival of the, at Thebes, [78] sq., [88] sq.
—— wreath at Delphi and Thebes, [78] sqq.
Laws of Manu, [188]
Learchus, son of King Athamas, [161], [162]
Lechrain, Burial of the Carnival in, [231]
Leipsic, “Carrying out Death” at, [236]
Lengua Indians, [11];
of the Gran Chaco, [63];
their practice of killing firstborn girls, [186];
their custom of infanticide, [197]
Lent, the fourth Sunday in, called Dead Sunday or Mid-Lent, [221], [222] n.1, [233] sqq., [250], [255];
personified by an actor or effigy, [226], [230];
fifth Sunday in, [234], [239];
third Sunday in, [238];
Queen of, [244];
symbolised by a seven-legged effigy, [244] sq.
Leonidas, funeral games in his honour, [94]
Leopard Societies of Western Africa, [83]
Leopards related to royal family of Dahomey, [85]
Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius, [96]
Lepsius, R., [17] n.2
Lerida in Catalonia, funeral of the Carnival at, [225] sq.
Lerpiu, a spirit, [32]
Letts, celebration of the summer solstice among the, [280]
Leviathan, [106] n.2
Liebrecht, F., [7] n.2
Life, human, valued more highly by Europeans than by many other races, [135] sq.
Limu, the Assyrian eponymate, [117]
Lion, king represented with the body of a, [85]
Lisiansky, U., [117] sq.
“Little Easter Sunday,” [153], [154] n.1
Logan, W., [49]
Lolos, the, [65]
Lombardy, the Day of the Old Wives in, [241]
“Lord of the Heavenly Hosts,” [149], [150], [155], [156]
Lostwithiel in Cornwall, temporary king at, [153] sq.
Lous, a Babylonian month, [113], [116]
Lucian, [42]
Lug, legendary Irish hero, [99], [101]
Lugnasad, the first of August, [101]
Lunar and solar time, attempts to harmonise, [68] sq.
Luschan, F. von, [85] n.5, [86] n.1
Lussac, Ash Wednesday at, [226]
Lycaeus, Mount, Zeus on, [70];
human sacrifices on, [163]
Macahity, an annual festival in Hawaii, [117]
Macassars of Celebes, their custom of swinging, [277]
Macdonald, Rev. J., [183] n.2
Maceboard, the, in the Isle of Man, [258]
Macgregor, Sir William, [203] n.2
Macha, Queen, [100]
McLennan, J. F., [194] n.1
Magic, the Age of, [2];
homoeopathic or imitative, [283], [285]
Magical ceremonies for the revival of nature in spring, [266] sqq.;
for the revival of nature in Central Australia, [270]
Maha Makham, the Great Sacrifice, [49]
Mairs, their custom of sacrificing their firstborn sons, [181]
Malabar, custom of Thalavettiparothiam in, [53];
religious suicide in, [54] sq.
Malayans, devil-dancers, practise a mock human sacrifice, [216]
Malays, their belief in the Spectral Huntsman, [178]
Malta, death of the Carnival in, [224] sq.
Manasseh, King, his sacrifice of his children, [170]
Mandans, their notions as to the stars, [67] sq.
Man-god, reason for killing the, [9] sq.
Mangaians, their preference for a violent death, [10]
Manipur, the Naga tribes of, [11];
mode of counting the years in, [117] n.1;
rajahs of, descended from a snake, [133]
Mannhardt, W., [249] n.4, [253], [270]
Manu, Laws of, [188]
Maoris, the, [64]
Mara tribe of northern Australia, [60]
Mardi Gras, Shrove Tuesday, [227]
Marduk, New Year festival of, [110];
his image at Babylon, [113]
—— and Tiamat, [105] sq., [107] sq.
Mareielis at Zurich, [260]
Marena, Winter or Death, [262]
Marketa, the holy, [238]
Marriage, mythical and dramatic, of the Sun and Moon, [71], [73] sq., [78], [87] sq., [92], [105];
of brothers and sisters in royal families, [193] sq.
—— Sacred, of king and queen, [71];
of gods and goddesses, [73];
of actors disguised as animals, [83];
of Zeus and Hera, [91]
“Marriage Hollow” at Teltown, [99]
Martin, Father, quoted, [141] sq.
Marzana, goddess of Death, [237]
their custom as to the skulls of dead chiefs, [202] sq.
Masks hung on trees, [283]
Masquerades of kings and queens, [71] sq., [88], [89]
Masson, Bishop, [137]
Mata, the small-pox goddess, sacrifice of children to, [181]
Matiamvo, a potentate in Angola, the manner of his death, [35] sq.
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, [94] sq.
Mausolus, contests of eloquence in his honour, [95]
May, the Queen of, in the Isle of Man, [258];
King and Queen of, [266]
—— Bride, [266]
—— Day in Sweden, [254];
in the Isle of Man, [258]
—— -tree, [246];
horse-race to, [208]
—— -trees, [251] sq.
Mbaya Indians of South America, [140];
their custom of infanticide, [197]
Medicine-men swinging as a mode of cure, [280] sq.
Melicertes at the Isthmus of Corinth, [93], [103];
in Tenedos, human sacrifices to, [162]
Memphis, statues of Summer and Winter at, [259] n.1
Men and asses, redemption of firstling, [173]
Mendes, mummy of Osiris at, [4];
the ram-god of, [7] n.2
Menoeceus, his voluntary death, [192] n.3
Meriahs, human victims among the Khonds, [139]
Meroe, Ethiopian kings of, put to death, [15]
Merolla, G., quoted, [14] sq.
Messiah, a pretended, [46]
Meteors, superstitions as to, [58] sqq.
Metis, swallowed by her husband Zeus, [192]
Metsik, “wood-spirit,” [233], [252] sq.
Meyer, Professor Kuno, [159] n.1
Micah, the prophet, on sacrifice, [171], [174]
Mid-Lent, the fourth Sunday in Lent, [222] n.1;
also called Dead Sunday, [221];
celebration of, [234], [236] sq.;
ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” at, [240] sqq.
Midsummer Eve, Russian ceremony on, [262]
Mikados, human sacrifices formerly offered at the graves of the, [218]
Miltiades, funeral games in his honour, [93]
Minahassa, mock human sacrifices in, [214] sq.
Minorca, seven-legged images of Lent in, [244] n.1
Minos, king of Cnossus, his reign of eight years, [70] sqq.;
tribute of youths and maidens sent to, [74] sqq.
—— and Britomartis, [73]
Minotaur, legend of the, [71], [74], [75]
Minyas, king of Orchomenus, [164]
Mnevis, the sacred bull of Heliopolis, [72]
Moab, king of, sacrifices his son on the wall, [166], [179]
Mock human sacrifices, [214] sqq.;
sacrifices of finger-joints, [219]
—— sultan in Morocco, [152] sq.
Mohammedan belief as to falling stars, [63] sq.
Moloch, sacrifice of children to, [75], [168] sqq.
Moon represented by a cow, [71] sq.;
myth of the setting and rising, [73];
married to Endymion, [90]
—— and sun, mythical and dramatic marriage of the, [71], [73] sq., [78], [87] sq., [92], [105]
Morasas, the, [219]
Moravia, “Carrying out Death” in, [238] sq., [249]
Morocco, annual temporary king in, [152] sq.
Mortality of the gods, [1] sqq.
Moschus, [73] n.1
Moss, W., [284] n.4
Mother of the Grape-cluster, [8]
Moulton, Professor J. H., [124] n.1
Mounds, sepulchral, [93], [96], [100], [104]
Mulai Rasheed II., [153]
Müller, K. O., [59], [69] n.1, [90], [165] n.1, [166] n.1
Mumbo Jumbos, [178]
Mummers, the Whitsuntide, [205] sqq.
Murderers, their bodies destroyed, [11]
Mutch, Captain J. S., [259] n.1
Mysore, mimic rite of circumcision in, [220]
Myths of creation, [106] sqq.
Nabu, a Babylonian god, [110]
Naga tribes of Manipur, [11]
Nagpur, the cobra the crest of the Maharajah of, [132] sq.
Namaquas, the, [61]
Natural death regarded as a calamity, [11] sq.
Nauroz and Eed festivals, [279]
Nemean games celebrated in honour of Opheltes, [93]
Nemi, priest of, [28], [212] sq., [220];
King of the Wood at, [205] sq., [212] sqq.
Nephele, wife of King Athamas, [161]
New Britain, [65]
—— Guinea, the Papuans of, [287]
—— Hebrides, burial alive in the, [12]
—— South Wales, sacrifice of firstborn children among the aborigines of, [179] sq.
Ngarigo, the, of New South Wales, [60]
Ngoio, a province of Congo, [118] sq.
Nias, custom of succession to the chieftainship in, [198] sq.;
mock human sacrifices at funerals in, [216]
Nicobarese, their sham-fights to gratify the dead, [96]
Niederpöring in Bavaria, Whitsuntide custom at, [206] sq.
Niué or Savage Island, [219]
Nöldeke, Professor Th., [179] n.4
Normandy, Burial of Shrove Tuesday in, [228]
Norsemen, their custom of wounding the dying, [13] sq.
North Africa, festivals of swinging in, [284]
—— American Indians, their funeral celebrations, [97];
their firm belief in immortality, [137]
Nyakang, founder of the dynasty of Shilluk kings, [18] sqq.
Nyikpla or Nyigbla, a negro divinity, [61]
Oak, sacred, at Delphi, [80] sq.;
effigy of Death buried under an, [236]
Oak branches, Whitsuntide mummer swathed in, [207]
—— -leaves, crown of, [80] sqq.
Oath by the Styx, [70] n.1
Octennial cycle based on an attempt to harmonise lunar and solar time, [68] sq.
—— tenure of the kingship, [58] sqq.
Odin, [13];
legend of the deposition of, [56]; sacrifice of king's sons to, [57];
human sacrifices to, [160] sq., [188]
Oedipus, legend of, [193]
Oenomaus at Olympia, [91]
Oesel, island of, [66]
Old Man, name of the corn-spirit, [253] sq.
—— people killed, [11] sqq.
—— Wives, the Day of the, [241]
—— Woman, Sawing the, a ceremony in Lent, [240] sqq.;
name applied to the corn-spirit, [253] sq.
Oldenberg, Professor H., [122] n.2
Oleae, the, at Orchomenus, [163], [164]
Olive crown at Olympia, [91]
Olympia, tombs of Pelops and Endymion at, [287]
Olympiads based on the octennial cycle, [90]
Olympic festival based on the octennial cycle, [89] sq.;
based on astronomical, not agricultural considerations, [105]
—— games said to have been founded in honour of Pelops, [92]
—— stadium, the, [287]
—— victors regarded as embodiments of Zeus, [90] sq., or of the Sun and Moon, [91], [105]
Omen-birds, stories of their origin, [126], [127] sq.
On or Aun, king of Sweden, [57], [160] sq., [188]
Opheltes at Nemea, [93]
Ophites, the, [5] n.3
Oracular springs, [79] sq.
Orchomenus in Boeotia, human sacrifice at, [163] sq.
Ordeal by poison, fatal effects of, [197]
Orestes, flight of, [213]
Origen, on the Holy Spirit, [5] n.3
Orion the soul of Horus, [5]
Ororo, [24]
Osiris, the mummy of, [4]
Otho, suicide of the Emperor, [140]
Ox-blood, bath of, [201]
Oxen sacrificed instead of human beings, [166] n.1
Palermo, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” at, [240]
Palm Sunday, “Sawing the Old Woman” on, [243]
Palodes, [6]
Pan, death of the Great, [6] sq.
Panebian Libyans, their custom of cutting off the heads of their dead kings, [202]
Papuans, the, of Doreh Bay in New Guinea, [287]
Parker, Professor E. H., [146] n.1
Parkinson, John, [112] sq.
Parrots' eggs, a signal of death, [40] sq.
Parsons, Harold G., [203] n.5
Parthenon, eastern frieze of the, [89] n.5
Pârvatî and Siva, marriage of the images of, [265] sq.
Pasiphae identified with the moon, [72]
—— and the bull, [71]
“Pass through the fire,” meaning of the phrase as applied to the sacrifice of children, [165] n.3, [172]
Passier, kings of, put to death, [51] sq.
Passover, tradition of the origin of the, [174] sqq.
Pau Pi, an effigy of the Carnival, [225]
Pausanias, King, funeral games in his honour, [94]
Payagua Indians, [12]
Payne, E. J., [69] n.2
Paxos, [6]
Pelops worshipped at Olympia, [92], [104];
sacred precinct of, [104], [287]
—— and Hippodamia at Olympia, [91]
Penance for the slaughter of the dragon, [78]
Peregrinus, his death by fire, [42]
Persia, temporary kings in, [157] sqq.
Personification of abstract ideas not primitive, [253]
Peru, sacrifice of children among the Indians of, [185]
Perun, sacrifice of firstborn children to, [183]
Peruvian Indians, [63] n.1
Pfingstl, a Whitsuntide mummer, [206] sq., [211]
Phalaris, the brazen bull of, [75]
Phaya Phollathep, “Lord of the Heavenly Hosts,” [149]
Pherecydes, [163] n.1
Philippine Islands, [3]
Philo Judaeus, his doctrine of the Trinity, [6] n.
Phocaeans, dead, propitiated with games, [95]
Phoenicians, their custom of human sacrifice, [166] sq., [178], [179]
Phrixus and Helle, the children of King Athamas, [161] sqq.
Piceni, guided by a woodpecker (picus), [186] n.4
Pilsen district of Bohemia, Whitsuntide custom in the, [210] sq.
Pindar on the rebirth of the dead, [70]
Pitrè, G., [224] n.1
Plataea, sacrifices and funeral games in honour of the slain at, [95] sq.
Plato on human sacrifices, [163]
Ploughing, annual ceremony of, performed by temporary king, [149], [155] sq., [157]
Ploughs, bronze, used by Etruscans at founding of cities, [157]
Plutarch, [163];
on the death of the Great Pan, [6];
on human sacrifices among the Carthaginians, [167]
Poison ordeal, fatal effects of the use of the, [197]
Polynesia, remarkable rule of succession in, [190];
prevalence of infanticide in, [191], [196]
Poplars burnt on Shrove Tuesday, [224] n.1
Poseidon, identified with Erechtheus, [87]
Posidonius, ancient Greek traveller, [142]
Possession by spirits of dead kings, [25] sq.
Preference for a violent death, [9] sqq.
Pregnancy, funeral rites performed for a father in the fifth month of his wife's, [189]
Prince of Wales Islands, [64]
Procopius, [14]
Prussians, supreme ruler of the old, [41] sq.;
custom of the old, [156]
Pruyssenaere, E. de, [30] n.1
Psoloeis, the, at Orchomenus, [163], [164]
Ptarmigans and ducks, dramatic contest of the, [259]
Puruha, a province of Quito, [185]
Pururavas and Urvasi, Indian story of, [131]
Pylos, burning the Carnival at, [232] sq.
Pythagoras at Delphi, [4]
Pythian games, [80] sq.;
celebrated in honour of the Python, [93]
Queen of May in the Isle of Man, [259];
married to the King of May, [266]
—— of Winter in the Isle of Man, [258]
Queensland, natives of, their superstitions as to falling stars, [60]
Quilicare, suicide of kings of, [46] sq.
Quiteve, title of kings of Sofala, [37] sq.
Race for the kingdom at Olympia, [90]
Races to determine the successor to the kingship, [103] sqq.
Radica, a festival at the end of the Carnival at Frosinone, [222]
Rahab or Leviathan, [106] n.2
Rain-charms, [211]
—— clan, [31]
—— -god, [61]
—— -makers among the Dinka, [32] sqq.
—— -making ceremonies, [20]
Rajah, temporary, [154]
Ralî, the fair of, [265]
Ram with golden fleece, [162]
—— -god of Mendes, [7] n.3
—— sacrificed to Pelops, [92], [104]
Raratonga, custom of succession in, [191]
Rauchfiess, a Whitsuntide mummer, [207] n.1
Rebirth of the dead, [70];
of a father in his son, [188] sqq.;
of the parent in the child, [287]
Reckoning intervals of time, Greek and Latin modes of reckoning, [59] n.1
Redemption of firstling men and asses, [173]
Regalia in Celebes, sanctity of, [202]
Regicide among the Slavs, [52];
modified custom of, [148]
Regifugium at Rome, [213]
Reinach, Salomon, [7] n.2
Reincarnation of human souls, belief in, a motive for infanticide, [188] sq.
Religion, the Age of, [2]
Renewal, annual, of king's power at Babylon, [113]
Resurrection of the god, [212];
of the tree-spirit, [212];
of a god in the hunting, pastoral, and agricultural stages of society, [221];
enacted in Shrovetide or Lenten ceremonies, [233];
of the effigy of Death, [247] sqq.;
of the Carnival, [252];
of the Wild Man, [252];
of Kostrubonko at Eastertide, [261]
Retaliation in Southern India, law of, [141] sq.
Rhea and Cronus, [194]
Rhegium in Italy, [187] n.5
Rhodes, human sacrifices to Baal in, [195]
Rhys, Sir John, [101]
Rigveda, the, [279]
“Road of Jerusalem,” [76]
Robinson, Captain W. C., [139] n.1
Rockhill, W. W., [284] sq.
Roman custom of catching the souls of the dying, [200];
of vowing a “Sacred Spring,” [186] sq.
—— funeral customs, [92], [96]
—— game of Troy, [76] sq.
—— indifference to death, [143] sq.
Rome, funeral games at, [96];
the Regifugium at, [213]
Rook, custom of killing all firstborn children in the island of, [180]
Roscher, W. H., [7] n.2, [73] n.2
Roscoe, Rev. J., [139], [182] n.2, [201] n.1
Rose, H. A., [181]
Rose, the Sunday of the, [222] n.1
Rottweil, the Carnival Fool at, [231]
Russia, funeral ceremonies of Kostrubonko, etc., in, [261] sqq.
Russians, religious suicides among the, [44] sq.;
the heathen, their sacrifice of the firstborn children, [183]
Sacaea, a Babylonian festival, [113] sqq.
Sacred Marriage of king and queen, [71];
of actors disguised as animals, [71], [83];
of gods and goddesses, [73];
of Zeus and Hera, [91]
“Sacred spring, the,” among the ancient Italian peoples, [186] sq.
Sacrifice of the king's son, [160] sqq.;
of the firstborn, [171] sqq., [179] sqq.;
of finger-joints, [219]
Sacrifices for rain, [20];
to totems, [31];
to the dead, [92], [93], [94], [95], [97];
of children among the Semites, [166] sqq.
—— human, in ancient Greece, [161] sqq.;
mock human, [214] sqq.
—— vicarious, [117];
in ancient Greece, [166] n.1
St. George and the Dragon, [107];
swinging on the festival of, [283]
St. John's Day (the summer solstice), swinging at, [280]
—— Eve, Russian ceremony on, [262]
Saint-Lô, the burning of Shrove Tuesday at, [228] sq.
St. Peter's Day, the twenty-ninth of June, [262]
Saintonge and Aunis, burning the Carnival in, [230]
Sakalavas, sanctity of relics of dead kings among the, [202]
Salamis in Cyprus, human sacrifices at, [166] n.1
Salih, a prophet, [97]
Salish Indians, their sacrifice of their firstborn children to the sun, [184]
Salmoneus, his imitation of thunder and lightning, [165]
Samaracand, New Year ceremony at, [151]
Samnites, guided by a bull, [186] n.4
Samoa, expiation for disrespect to a sacred animal in, [216] sq.
Samorin, title of the kings of Calicut, [47] sq.
Samothracian mysteries, [89]
Santal custom of swinging on hooks, [279]
Santos, J. dos, [37] sq.
Sarawak, Dyaks of, [277]
Saturday, Holy, [244]
Savage Island, mimic rite of circumcision in, [219] sq.
Savages believe themselves naturally immortal, [1]
Savou, island of, [287]
“Sawing the Old Woman,” a Lenten ceremony, [240] sqq.
Saws at Mid-Lent, [241], [242]
Saxon kings, their marriage with their stepmothers, [193]
Saxons of Transylvania, the hanging of an effigy of Carnival among the, [230] sq.
Saxony, Whitsuntide mummers in, [208]
Scarli, [224] n.1
Schmidt, A., [59] n.1
Schmiedel, Professor P., [261] n.1
Schoolcraft, H. R., [137] sq.
Schörzingen, the Carnival Fool at, [231]
Schwegler, F. C. A., [187] n.4
Sdach Méac, title of annual temporary king of Cambodia, [148]
Sea Dyaks, their stories of the origin of omen birds, [126], [127] sq.
Seligmann, C. G., [17], [21], [22], [23], [26], [30], [33]
Semang, the, [85]
Semic in Bohemia, beheading the king on Whit-Monday at, [209]
Seminoles of Florida, souls of the dying caught among the, [199]
Semites, sacrifices of children among the, [166] sqq.
Semitic Baal, [75]
Senjero, sacrifice of firstborn sons in, [182] sq.
Sepharvites, their sacrifices of children, [171]
Seriphos, custom of swinging in the island of, [283] sq.
Serpent, the Brazen, [86];
sacred, on the Acropolis at Athens, [86];
or dragons personated by kings, [82];
transmigration of the souls of the dead into, [84]
Servitude for the slaughter of dragons, [70], [78]
Servius, on the legend of Erigone, [282]
Seven youths and maidens, tribute of, [74] sqq.
—— -legged effigy of Lent, [244] sq.
Shadow Day, a gypsy name for Palm Sunday, [243]
—— Queen, the, [243]
Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, [169], [170]
Sham fight, [24]
Shark, king of Dahomey represented with body of a, [85]
Shilluk, a tribe of the White Nile, [17] sqq.;
custom of putting to death the divine kings, [17] sqq., [204], [206];
ceremony on the accession of a new king of the, [204]
Shirt worn by the effigy of Death, its use, [247], [249]
Shooting stars, superstitions as to, [53] sqq.
Shrines of dead kings, [24] sq.
Shrove Tuesday, Burial of the Carnival on, [221] sqq.;
mock death of, [227] sqq.;
drama of Summer and Winter on, [257]
Shrovetide custom in the Erzgebirge, [208] sq.;
in Bohemia, [209]
—— Bear, the, [230]
Shurii-Kia-Miau, aboriginal tribe in China, [145]
Siam, annual temporary kings in, [149] sq.
Siamese, mock human sacrifices among the, [218]
Sick, sacrifices for the, [20], [25];
thought to be possessed by the spirits of kings, [25] sq.
Silesia, “Carrying out Death” in, [236] sq., [250] sq.
Singalang Burong, the Ruler of the Spirit World, [127], [128]
Sioo or Siauw, mock human sacrifices in the island of, [218]
Sirius, the soul of Isis in, [5]
Sister, marriage with, in royal families, [193] sq.
Siu, a Sea Dyak, and his bird wife, [127] sq.
Siva and Pârvatî, marriage of the images of, [265] sq.
Six hundred and sixty-six, the number of the Beast, [44]
Skoptsi, a Russian sect, [196] n.3
Skull of dead king used as a drinking-vessel, [200]
Skulls of dead kings removed and kept, [202] sq.
Sky-spirit, sacrifice of children to, [181]
Slaughter of the Dragon, drama of the, at Delphi and Thebes, [78] sqq., [89];
myth of the, [105] sqq.
Slavs, custom of regicide among the, [52];
festival of the New Year among the old, [221];
"Sawing the Old Woman" among the, [242]
Slaying of the king in legend, [120] sqq.
Smith, W. Robertson, [8] n.1
Snake, rajahs of Manipur descended from a, [133]
Sofala, kings of, put to death, [37] sq.;
dead kings of, consulted as oracles, [201]
Solar and lunar time, early attempts to harmonise, [68] sq.
Son of the king sacrificed for his father, [160] sqq.
Sons of gods, [5]
“Soranian Wolves,” [186] n.4
Soul, succession to the, [196] sqq.
Souls of the dead supposed to resemble their bodies, as these were at the moment of death, [10] sq.;
associated with falling stars, [64] sqq.;
transmitted to successors, [198]
South American Indians, their insensibility to pain, [138]
Spain, seven-legged effigies of Lent in, [244]
Spartan kings liable to be deposed every eighth year, [58] sq.
Spears, sacred, [19]
Spectral Huntsman, [178]
Spencer and Gillen, quoted, [180] n.1, [187] n.6
Spirit, the Great, of the American Indians, [3]
Spitting to avert demons, [63]
Spring equinox, custom of swinging at, [284];
drama of Summer and Winter at the, [257]
Spring, magical ceremonies for the revival of nature in, [266] sqq.
“Spring, the Sacred,” among the ancient Italian peoples, [186] sq.
Springs, oracular, [78] sq.
Stadium, the Olympic, [287]
Standing on one foot, custom of, [149], [150], [155], [156]
Stars, the souls of Egyptian gods in, [5];
shooting, superstitions as to, [58] sqq.;
their supposed influence on human destiny, [65] sq., [67] sq.
Stepmother, marriage with a, [193]
Stevens, Captain John, his History of Persia quoted, [158] sq.
Stigand, Captain C. H., [182]
Stool at installation of Shilluk kings, [24]
Students of Fez, their mock sultan, [152] sq.
Styx, oath by the, [70] n.1
Substitutes, voluntary, for capital punishment in China, [145] sq., [273] sqq.
Succession in Polynesia, customs of, [190] sq.
—— to the kingdom through marriage with a sister or with the king's widow, [193] sq.;
conferred by personal relics of dead kings, [202] sq.
—— to the soul, [196] sqq.
Sufi II., Shah of Persia, [158]
Suicide of Buddhist monks, [42] sq.;
epidemic of, in Russia, [44] sq.;
by hanging, [282]
——, religious, [42] sqq., [54] sqq.;
in India, [54] sq.
——, hand of, cut off, [220] n.
Sulka, the, of New Britain, [65]
“Sultan of the Scribes,” [152] sq.
Summer, bringing in, [233], [237], [238], [246] sqq.
—— and Winter, dramatic battle of, [254] sq.
—— solstice in connexion with the Olympic festival, [90];
swinging at the, [280]
Sun represented by a bull, [71] sq.;
represented as a man with a bull's head, [75];
eclipses of the, beliefs and practices as to, [73] n.2, [77];
sacrifice of firstborn children to the, [183] sq.;
called “the golden swing in the sky,” [279]
Sun and Moon, mythical and dramatic marriage of, [71], [73] sq., [78], [87] sq., [92], [105]
Sunday of the Rose, [222] n.1
Supply of kings, [134] sqq.
Supreme Beings, otiose, in Africa, [19] n.
Swabia, Whitsuntide mummers in, [207];
Shrovetide or Lenten ceremonies in, [230], [233]
Sweden, May Day in, [254]
Swedish kings, traces of nine years' reign of, [57] sq.
Swing in the Sky, the Golden, description of the sun, [279]
Swinging as a ceremony or magical rite, [150], [156] sq., [277] sqq.;
on hooks run through the body, Indian custom, [278] sq.;
as a mode of inspiration, [280];
as a festal rite in modern Greece, Spain, and Italy, [283] sq.
Swords, golden, [75]
Syene, [144] n.2
Syntengs of Assam, [55]
Syro-Macedonian calendar, [116] n.1
Tahiti, remarkable rule of succession in, [190]
Tahitians, their notions as to eclipses of the sun and moon, [73] n.2
Tailltiu or Tailltin, the fair of, [99], [101]
Takilis or Carrier Indians, succession to the soul among the, [199]
Talos, a bronze man, perhaps identical with the Minotaur, [74] sq.
Tammuz or Adonis, [7]
Tara, pagan cemetery at, [101]
Tarahumares, the, of Mexico, [62]
Taui Islanders, [61]
Tchiglit Esquimaux, the, [65]
Tel-El-Amarna tablets, [170] n.5
Teltown, the fair at, [99]
Tempe, the Vale of, [81]
Temporary kings, [148] sqq.
Tenedos, sacrifice of infants to Melicertes in, [162]
Tengaroeng in Borneo, swinging at, [280], [281]
Thalavettiparothiam, a custom observed in Malabar, [52] sq.
Thamus, an Egyptian pilot, [6]
Thebes, festival of the Laurel-Bearing at, [78] sq., [88] sq.
Theopompus, [95]
Theseus and Ariadne, [75]
Thiodolf, the poet, [161]
Thracians, funeral games held by the, [96];
their contempt of death, [142]
Throne, reverence for the, [51]
Thüringen, Whitsuntide mummers in, [208];
Carrying out Death in, [235] sq.
Tiamat and Marduk, [105] sq., [107] sq.
Tiberius, his enquiries as to the death of Pan, [7];
his attempt to put down Carthaginian sacrifices of children, [168]
Tilton, E. L., [232]
Time, Greek and Latin modes of reckoning intervals of, [59]
Timoleon, funeral games in his honour, [94]
Tinneh Indians, the, [65], [278]
Tirunavayi temple, [49]
Tlachtga, pagan cemetery at, [101]
Toboongkoos, mock human sacrifices among the, [219]
Todtenstein, [264]
Tonquinese custom of catching the soul of the dying, [200]
Tooth of dead king kept, [203]
Torres Straits, funeral custom in, [92] sq.
Totemism of the Dinka, [30] sq.;
possible trace of Latin, [186] n.4;
the source of a particular type of folk-tales, [129] sqq.
Totems, sacrifices to, [31];
stories told to account for the origin of, [129]
Toumou, Egyptian god, [5]
Transformations into animals, [82] sqq.
Transmigration of souls of the dead into serpents and other animals, [84] sq.;
belief in, a motive for infanticide, [188] sq.
Transmission of soul to successor, [198] sqq.
Trasimene Lake, battle of, [186]
Tree-spirit, killing of the, [205] sqq.;
resurrection of the, [212];
in relation to vegetation-spirit, [253]
Trees, masks hung on, [283]
Trevelyan, G. M., [154] n.1
Tribute of youths and maidens, [74] sqq.
Triennial tenure of the kingship, [112] sq.
Trinity, Christian doctrine of the, [5] n.3
Trocadero Museum, statues of kings of Dahomey in the, [85]
Trojeburg, [77]
Trophonius at Lebadea, [166] n.1
Troy, the game of, [76] sq.
Tshi-speaking negroes of the Gold Coast, their stories to explain their totemism, [128] sq.
Turrbal tribe of Queensland, [60]
Typhon, the soul of, in the Great Bear, [5]
Uganda, king of, [39] sq.;
human sacrifices in, [139];
firstborn sons strangled in, [182];
dead kings of, give oracles through inspired mediums, [200] sq.
Ujjain in Western India, [122] sqq., [132], [133]
Ulster, tombs of the kings of, [101]
Unyoro, kings of, put to death, [34]
Upsala, [161];
sepulchral mound at, [57];
great festival at, [58]
Uranus mutilated by his son Cronus, [192]
Urvasi and King Pururavas, Indian story of, [131]
Ushnagh, pagan cemetery at, [101]
Valhala, [13]
Varro on a Roman funeral custom, [92];
on suicides by hanging, [282]
Vegetation, death and revival of, [263] sqq.
—— -spirit perhaps generalised from a tree-spirit, [253]
Vicarious sacrifices, [117];
in ancient Greece, [166] n.1
Vikramaditya, legendary king of Ujjain, [122] sqq., [132]
Vintage, first-fruits of the, offered to Icarius and Erigone, [283]
Virbius or Hippolytus killed by horses, [214]
Virgil, on the game of Troy, [76];
on the creation of the world, [108] sq.
Vishnu, mock human sacrifice in the worship of, [216]
Volcano, sacrifice of child to, [218]
Vosges Mountains, superstition as to shooting stars in the, [67]
Vṛtra, the dragon, [106] sq.
Wachtl in Moravia, drama of Summer and Winter at, [257]
Wadai, Sultan of, [39]
Wade, Sir Thomas, [273] sq.
Waizganthos, an old Prussian god, [156]
Wak, a sky-spirit, [181]
Wambugwe, the, [65]
Water, effigies of Death thrown into the, [234] sqq., [246] sq.
—— -bird, a Whitsuntide mummer, [207] n.1
—— -dragon, drama of the slaying of, [78]
Weinhold, K., [57] n.2
Wends, their custom of killing and eating the old, [14]
Westermarck, Dr. E., [16] n.1, [153] n.1, [189] n.2, [204] n.1
Wheat at Lammas, offerings of, [101]
Wheel, effigy of Death attached to a, [247]
Whiteway, R. S., [51] n.2
Whitsuntide, drama of Summer and Winter at, [257]
—— King, [209] sqq.
—— Mummers, [205] sqq.
—— Queen, [210]
Widow of king, succession to the throne through marriage with the, [193]
Wieland's House, [77]
Wild Man, a Whitsuntide mummer, [208] sq., [212]
Winter, Queen of, in the Isle of Man, [258];
effigy of, burned at Zurich, [260] sq.
—— and Summer, dramatic battle of, [254] sqq.
Wolf, transformation into, [83];
said to have guided the Samnites, [186] n.4
—— -god, Zeus as the, [83]
Wolves, Soranian, [186] n.4
Woman, Sawing the Old, a Lenten ceremony, [240] sqq.
Wood, King of the, at Nemi, [28]
Woodpecker (picus) said to have guided the Piceni, [186] n.4;
sacred among the Latins, ib.
Worship of dead kings, [24] sq.
Wotjobaluk, the, [64]
Wounding the dead or dying, custom of, [13] sq.
Wrestling-matches in honour of the dead, [97]
Wurmlingen in Swabia, Whitsuntide custom at, [207] sq.;
the Carnival Fool at, [231] sq.
Wyse, W., [144]
Xeres, Fr., early Spanish historian, [185]
Xerxes in Thessaly, [161], [163]
Ximanas, an Indian tribe of the Amazon, kill all their firstborn children, [185] sq.
Yarilo, the funeral of, [261], [262] sq.
Year, the Great, [70]
Years, mode of counting the, in Manipur, [117] n.1
Yerrunthally tribe of Queensland, [64]
Youths and maidens, tribute of, sent to Minos, [74] sqq.
Zagmuk, a Babylonian festival, [110] sq., [113], [115] sqq.
Zeus, the grave of, [3];
oracular cave of, [70];
on Mount Lycaeus, [70] n.1;
his transformations into animals, [82] sq.;
the Wolf-god, [83];
the Olympic victors regarded as embodiments of, [90] sq.;
swallows his wife Metis, [192];
his marriage with his sister Hera, [194];
and Europa, [73]
—— and Hera, sacred marriage of, [91]
—— Laphystian, [161], [162], [163], [164], [165]
Zimmern, H., [111] n.1
Zoganes at Babylon, [114]
Zulu kings put to death, [36] sq.
Zurich, effigies of Winter burnt at, [260] sq.