AUTHORITIES CITED

Abbott, C. C. Primitive industry: or illustrations of the handwork, in stone, bone and clay, of the native races of the northern Atlantic seaboard of America. Salem, Mass., 1881. 8^o. 1—Extract from a contemporary Kansas paper, 393. Battey, Thomas C. The life and adventures of a Quaker among the Indians. Boston, 1891. 16^o. This work was originally published in 1875 by Thomas C. Battey, the first teacher among the Kiowa, and remains today the best extended account of the tribe, despite some inaccuracies in his statement of their traditions, due in part to the fact that his information was obtained chiefly through the imperfect medium of the sign language before the days of competent Kiowa interpreters. He is still (1897) living at Mosk, Ohio, and has aided the author in various ways in connection with the present work. 1—195—206; 2—240; 3—191; 4—259; 5—302-4; 6—286 and 291; 7—304; 8—310; 9—315; 10—316; 11—317; 12—102; 13—292; 14—185; 15—169 and 174; 16—59, 76, and 100; 17—193; 18—106; 19—196; 20—130-3; 21—245; 22—287 and 307. —— Historical sketches. A series of Kiowa and Comanche articles published in a small religious leaflet called "The Day-star," Nos. 58-66, 1890 and 1891, Mount Vernon, Iowa. Brinton, D. G. The Lenâpe´ and their legends: with the complete text and symbols of the Walam Olum, etc. Philadelphia, 1885. 8^o. Volume V of Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature. Catlin, George. Letters and notes on the manners, customs, and condition of the North American Indians. Written during eight years' travel (1832—1839) amongst the wildest tribes of indians in North America. In two volumes. With several hundred illustrations from the author's original paintings. Fourth edition. London, 1844. 8^o. Catlin's work is too well known to need extended comment. He accompanied the first United States government expedition to the Kiowa in 1834, and gives the first English account of the tribe from actual observation, together with the first Kiowa portraits ever painted, including that of the great Dohásän. 1—II, 72; 2—II, 74; 3—II, 74; 4—II, 36-86 and II, 55; 5—II, 60-62; 6—II, 70; 7—II, 72; 8—II, 74. Clark, Capt. W. P. The Indian sign language, with brief explanatory notes of the gestures taught deaf mutes in our institutions for their instruction, and a description of some of the peculiar laws, customs, myths, superstitions, ways of living, code of peace and war signals of our aborigines. Philadelphia, 1885. 8^o. Prepared under instruction from General Sheridan, and invaluable. 1—211; 2—133 and 194; 3—133; 4—238; 5—229 and 355; 6—355 ibid.; 7—249; 8—230; 9—33; 10—229 and 233; 11—(Dunbar quoted) 293; 12—326; 13—350; 14—288; 15—248 and 398; 16—260; 17—261; 18—(Dunbar quoted) 283; 19—288; 20—230. Condition of the Indian Tribes. Report of the joint special committee, appointed under joint resolution, of March 3, 1865; with an appendix. Washington, 1867. 8^o. 1—Testimony of Colonel Ford, May 31, 1865, page 65. Custer, General G. A. My life on the plains, or personal experiences with indians. New York, 1874. 12^o. 1—144 et passim; 2—43. Day-star, The. See Battey. Dodge, Col. R. I. Our wild indians: thirty-three years' personal experience among the red men of the great west, etc. With an introduction by General Sherman. Illustrated. Hartford, 1882. 8^o. 1—401; 2—391. Dunbar, J. B. The Pawnee indians, a sketch. Morrisania, N. Y. [1882.] 8^o. (Articles reprinted from the Magazine of American History.) 1—Article Calendar, from VIII, 744, 1882. Ethnology. Annual reports of the bureau of ethnology to the secretary of the Smithsonian institution. Washington. 1879—80—1894—95. 16 vols., 8^o. 1—Garrick Mallery, Picture Writing of the American Indians, in Tenth Annual Report (1888—89), 274, 1893; 2—Mallery, Pictographs of the North American Indians, in Fourth Annual Report (1882—83), 130, 1886; 3—ibid., 135; 4—Mallery, in Tenth Annual Report, 267. Gatschet, A. S. The Klamath indians of southwestern Oregon. (Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. II.) Washington, 1890. 1—part I, 76. Greer County. Supreme court of the United States, October term, 1894. No. 4, original. The United States, complainant, vs. the state of Texas. In equity. 3 volumes. Washington, 1894. 8^o (single pagination). A compilation of all the testimony and evidence in the suit to determine the question of federal or state jurisdiction over Greer county, Oklahoma. Its 1400 pages, with numerous maps, constitute a storehouse of pioneer history for the southern plains region. 1—632. Gregg, Josiah. Commerce of the prairie: or the journal of a Santa Fé trader during eight expeditions across the great western prairies and a residence of nearly nine years in northern Mexico. Illustrated with maps and engravings. In two volumes. New York and London, 1844. 12^o. The most valuable account of the early Santa Fé trade ever written. Contains a detailed account of the first event recorded upon the calendar, 1832—33. 1—II, 18; 2—II, 49-53; 3—II, 39; 4—II, 144, 300; 5—I, 317; 6—I, 147, and II, 136—139; 7—I, 29. Grinnell, G. B. Pawnee hero stories and folk tales, with notes on the origin, customs, and character of the Pawnee people. To which is added a chapter on the Pawnee language by John B. Dunbar. New York, 1893, 12^o. No man living knows better the plains tribes than Dr George Bird Grinnell. 1—391—396; 2—65. Grinnell, G. B. Blackfoot lodge tales: the story of a prairie people. By George Bird Grinnell, etc. New York., 1892. 12^o. 1—3; 2—251 and 261. —— Personal letters. Hale, Horatio. The Iroquois book of rites. Philadelphia, 1883. 8^o. No. II of Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature. 1—51. Hamersly, T. H. S. Complete regular army register of the United States, for one hundred years (1779 to 1879), etc. Washington, 1880. 8^o. Valuable for its list of army posts, with geographic and historical notes, which have been used in the compilation of the map accompanying this work. Indian Miscellany. Smithsonian institution. Bureau of ethnology. Indian miscellany. Quarto series. Washington, Library of the Bureau of Ethnology. A collection of newspaper clippings relating to the Indians, covering dates from 1726 to 1863 and mounted in chronologic order in ten quarto scrapbooks, cited "Miscel." James, Edwin. Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say and other gentlemen of the exploring party. Compiled by Edwin James, botanist and geologist for the expedition. (In two volumes.) Philadelphia, 1823. 8^o. 1—I, 496 and 502. Keim, De B. R. Sheridan's troopers on the borders: A winter campaign on the plains. Philadelphia, 1885. 12^o. The book was written in 1870. The writer accompanied the Custer expedition which pushed the winter campaign of 1868 by which the Kiowa, Cheyenne, etc, were compelled to settle on a reservation. 1—183; 2—63; 3—112; 4—189. Kendall, G. W. Narrative of the Texan Santa Fé expedition: comprising a description of a tour through Texas, and across the great southwestern prairies, the Comanche and Caygüa hunting grounds, with an account of the sufferings from want of food, losses from hostile Indians, and final capture of the Texans, and their march as prisoners to the city of Mexico. With illustrations and a map. In two volumes. London, 1844. 12^o. An interesting account of one of the earliest American expeditions into the Kiowa country. The party had a disastrous encounter with the Indians, which is noted on the Set-t´an calendar for 1841—42. 1—212—214; 2—196—214. Kennedy, William. Texas: the rise, progress and prospects of the republic of Texas. In two volumes. London, 1841. 12^o. Consulted for map locations. Lewis and Clark. Message from the president of the United States, communicating discoveries made in exploring the Missouri, Red river and Washita, by Captains Lewis and Clark, Doctor Sibley and Mr. Dunbar, with a statistical account of the countries adjacent. Washington, 1806. 12^o. Contains the earliest official notice of the Kiowa. 1—36; 2—41; 3—63; 4—Sibley's report, 1805, pages 66, 69, 70, 76; 5—36; 6—38; 7—177; 8—Sibley, 109. Long, S. H. See James, Edwin. Mallery, Garrick. See Ethnology. Margry, Pierre. Découvertes et établissements des Français dans l'ouest et dans le sud de l'Amérique septentrionale (1614—1754): mémoires et documents originaux recueillis et publiés par Pierre Margry, etc, (6 volumes). Paris, 1875—1886. 8^o. A valuable publication of original manuscripts in the archives of France, bearing on French discoveries in America. 1—LaSalle, 1682, pages 168 and 201, II, 1877; 2—La Harpe and Beaurain, 1719, 289, VI, 1886. Matthews, Washington. Ethnology and philology of the Hidatsa indians. (Miscellaneous Publications No. 7, United States Geological and Geographical Survey.) Washington, 1877. 8^o. 1—39; 2—ibid.; 3—43; 4—70-72; 5—85. Montana. Contributions to the Historical society of Montana, with its transactions, act of incorporation, constitution, ordinances, officers and members. Vol. II. Helena, Montana, 1896. 8^o. 1—Lieutenant J. H. Bradley, 1876, page 176; 2—C. W. Frush, ibid. 338. Morse, Rev. Jedidiah. A report to the secretary of war of the United States, on indian affairs, comprising a narrative of a tour performed in the summer of 1820, under a commission from the president of the United States, for the purpose of ascertaining, for the use of government, the actual state of the indian tribes in our country, etc. New Haven, 1822. 12^o. 1—Report of Colonel Trimble, app., 259; 2—39 and 92; 3—366 and 367. Nebraska. Transactions and reports of the Nebraska state historical society. (Vols. I-V.) Vol. I. Edited by Robert W. Furnas. Lincoln, Neb., 1885. 8^o. Pacific Railroad. Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean, made under the direction of the secretary of war, in 1853—54, according to acts of congress of March 3, 1853; May 31, 1854, and August 5, 1854. Vol. II. (33d Cong., 3d sess., House Ex. Doc. 91.) Washington, 1855, 4^o. Contains map material and other information. 1—Capt. John Pope, 1854, 53. Pettis, George H. Kit Carson's fight with the Comanche and Kiowa Indians at the Adobe Walls on the Canadian river, November 25, 1864. Providence, 1878. 8^o. Pamphlet, pp. 44. (No. 5 of Personal Narratives of the Battles of the Rebellion.) Pike, Z. M. An account of expeditions to the sources of the Mississippi and through the western parts of Louisiana to the sources of the Arkansaw, Kans, La Platte and Pierre Jaun, rivers, performed by order of the government of the United States during the years 1805, 1806 and 1807. And a tour through the interior parts of New Spain, when conducted through these provinces by order of the captain general, in the year 1807. Illustrated by maps and charts. Philadelphia, 1810. 8^o. 1—Appendix II, 16 and 17; app. III, 9 and 16; 2—appendix III, 16. Record of Engagements with hostile indians within the military division of the Missouri, from 1868 to 1882, Lieutenant-General P. H. Sheridan, commanding. Compiled from official records. Headquarters military division of the Missouri, Chicago, Ill., August 1, 1882. 12^o. 1—16-20; 2—45; 3—46; 4—ibid.; 5—47; 6—52; 7—48; 8—52; 9—ibid.; 10—48 and 51; 11—33. Report. Annual report of the commissioner of Indian affairs. Washington. 8^o. Annual volumes from 1822. The earlier reports were made to the Secretary of War, the later to the Secretary of the Interior. The first Kiowa reference occurs in 1839. 1—Superintendent Armstrong, 475, 1839; 2—Agent Whitfield, 116, 1855; 3—Agent Fitzpatrick, 363, 1853; 4—ibid., 299, 1854; 5—Governor Meriwether, 184, 1856; 6—Superintendent Collins, 186, 1858; 7—Agent Miller, 99, 1858; 8—Commissioner, 17, 1863; 9—Governor Evans, 230, 1864; 10—Agent Colley, 232, 1864; 11—G. K. Otis, 254, 1864; 12—H. T. Ketcham, 258, 1864; 13—Agent Farnsworth, 369, 1864; 14—Agent Colley, 244, 1864; 15—ibid., 243, 1864; 16—Documents, 394-7, 1865; 17—Report of Commission, 528—535, 1865; 18—Agent Taylor, 280, 1866; 19—Acting Commissioner Mix, 19, 1867; 20—Agent Labadi, 214, 1867; 21—Agent Wm. Bent, 137-9, 1859; 22—Docs. 394-7, 1865; Commissioner Taylor, 9, and Report of Peace Commission, 35, 1868; 23—Commissioner Taylor, 9, and Report of Peace Commission, 26-50, 1868; 24—Report Peace Commission, 31, 1868; 25—Lieutenant-General Sherman, 76; Acting Commissioner Mix, 77, and Agent Major Wynkoop, 266, 1868; 26—Agent Shanklin, 287, 1868; 27—Commissioner Parker, 6, 1870; Superintendent Hoag, 254, 1870; Agent Tatum, 260—265, 1870; 28—Commissioner Walker, 41, 1872; Agent Tatum, 247, 1872; 29—Ross, Report of Indian Peace Commission, 195—198, 1872; Agent Tatum, 248, 1872; 30—Agent Miles, 250, 1872; 31—Report of Captain Alvord, commissioner to the Kiowas, Comanches, etc, 136, 1872; 32—Commissioner Smith, 7, Superintendent Hoag, 201, Agent Haworth, 219, 1873; Superintendent Hoag, 215, Agent Haworth, 219, 1874; 33—Agent Haworth, 219, 1873; 34—Agent Miles, 233—235, 1874; 35—ibid., 235, 1874; 36—Agent Haworth, 220, 1874; 37—ibid.; 38—Agent Miles, 233, 1874; 39—Agent Haworth, 220, 1874; 40—Agent Miles, 234, Agent Haworth, 220; Agent Gibson, 226, 1874; 41—Agent Miles, 234, 1874; 42—Agent Haworth, 220, 1874; Agent Richards, 238, 1874; Agent Haworth, 272, 1875; 43—Agent Haworth, 222, 1874; 44—Agent Miles, 236, 1874; Agent Haworth, 272, 1875; 45—Agent Haworth, 272, 1875; 46—Report of Peace Commission, 37, 1868; 47—Agent Haworth, 272, 1875; 48—Agent Miles, 269, 1875; 49—Agent Miles, 268, 1875; 50—ibid., 269, 1875; 51—Agent Haworth, 274, 1875; 52—ibid., 273, 1875; 53—ibid.; 54—Special Agent Larrabee, 267, 1875; Agent Jones, 281, 1875; Commissioner Smith, 12, 1875; 55—Agent Haworth, 273, 1875; 56—ibid.; 57—Agent Hunt, 59, 1878; Captain Pratt, 173—175, 1878; ibid., 178, 1880; Commissioner Hayt, XLIII, 1878; 58—Agent Hunt, 82, 1881; 59—Agent Haworth, 274, 1875; 60—Agent Hunt, 75, 1880; 61—ibid., 62, 1879, and 72, 1880; 62—Agent Hunt, 80, 1881; 63—ibid., 70, 1883; 64—ibid., 72, 1883; ibid., 81, 1884; Rev. J. B. Wicks, 73, 1883; 65—Special Agent White, 98, 1888; 66—Union Agent Owen, 124, 1888; 67—Agent Fitzpatrick, 365, 1853; 68—Agent Haworth, 219, 1873; Agent Miles, 234, 1874; ibid., 269, 1875; 69—Captain Henry Alvord, 138, 1872; 70—Agent Haworth, 219, 1873; 71—ibid., 221, 1874; ibid., 274, 1875; Superintendent Hoag, 214, 1874; 72—Superintendent Hoag, 264, 1875; Agent Haworth, 274, 1875; 73—Agent Adams, 188, 1890; 74—Page, 262, 1835, and 527, 1837; 75—Page, 497, 1839; 76—Page, 496, 1838; 77—Agent Fitzpatrick, 472, 1848; 78—Superintendent Mitchell, 49, 1850; 79—Sub-agent Barrow, 139, 1849—50; 80—Agent Fitzpatrick, 52, 1850; 81—Agent Morrow, 106, 1852; 82—Agent Whitfield (letter of September 27), 297, 1854; 83—Superintendent Cumming (September 30), 285, 1854; 84—Agent James (September 1), 312, 1854; 85—Commissioner Greenwood, 4, 228, 1860; 86—Agent Loree, 131, 1862; 87—Agent Colley, 230 and 243, 1864; 88—Agent Arny, 168, 1868; 89—Agent Tatum, 503, 1871; 90—Agent Richards, 288, 1875; Commissioner Smith, 77, 1875; 91—Agent Haworth, 220, 1874; 92—ibid., 52, 1876; 93—Table No. 80, 1873, and page 226, 1876; 94—Agent Haworth, 51, 1876; 95—Agent Miles, 85, 1877; 96—Agent Haworth, 89, 1877; Agent Hunt, 61, 1878; ibid., 78, 1881; 97—Agent Hall, 128, 1886; 98—Agent Hunt, 60, 1878; 99—ibid., 64, 1879; 100—ibid., 65, 1879; 101—ibid., 78, 1881; 102—ibid., 71, 1883; 103—ibid., 81, 1884; 104—ibid., 79, 1884; 105—ibid., 80, 1884; 106—ibid., 84, 1885; 107—Agent Hall, 128, 1886; 108—Agent Hunt, 84, 1885; 109—Agent Hall, 83, 1887; 110—Agent Myers, 191, 1889; 111—Agent Hall, 81, 1887; 112—Agent Adams, 189; 1890; 113—ibid., I, 352, 1891; see also Commissioner Morgan, ibid., 123—142; 114—Agent Adams, I, 351, 1891; 115—Agent Day, 386, 1892; also reports of school superintendents Haddon and Pigg, ibid., 388-89; 116—Agent Day, 385-87, 1892; 117—Commissioner Morgan, I, 49, 1891. Schoolcraft, H. R. Historical and statistical information respecting the history, condition, and prospects of the indian tribes of the United States. Collected and prepared under the direction of the bureau of indian affairs per act of congress of March 3, 1847. Published by authority of congress. Philadelphia. Parts I-IV. 1851—1857. Part III contains a few tabular estimates of population. Scribner's Monthly. February, 1874, volume VII, No. 4. New York. 8^o. Contains notice (page 415) and portrait (page 420) of Set-t´aiñte in prison, in article, "Glimpses of Texas, II," part of "The Great South," by Edward King. Tatum, Lawrie. (Mr Tatum was the first agent appointed for the Kiowa and associated tribes, 1869—1873. He is now living (1897) at Springdale, Iowa, and has kindly furnished much valuable manuscript and photographic material.) War. Report of the Secretary of War (annual volumes). Washington. 8^o. 1—Report of General Pope, I, 30, 1874; 2—ibid.; 3—Report of Colonel (Major-General) Miles, I, 78-85, 1875; 4—Pages 14, 57, 81, etc., I, 1892; 5—Report of General Pope, I, 10, 1870; report of General Sheridan, I, 49, 1869; 6—Report of Colonel McCall, 1850, in Report of the Secretary of War for 1851, Ex. Doc. 26, 31st cong. 2d sess. 13; 7—Report of General Merritt, I, 197, 1890. Yoakum, Henderson. History of Texas, from its first settlement in 1685 to its annexation to the United States in 1846, etc. Two volumes. 8^o. New York. 1856.