ä—(1) feathers; singular, ägo, in composition,
ä-; (2) trees, bushes, timber,
wood, plants; singular ä´do, in composition
ä-. Pep, literally "bush," is now
frequently used on account of the recent
death of a person in whose name
ädo occurs as a component.
ää̆´—I come or approach; I came, ätsä´n; he or they came
(sometimes used for return), tsän; come (imp. sing.) imä̆´.
ä´-ä´oto´n—a timber clearing; from ä and ä´oto´n, q.v.
Ä´bä´dlo´—"timber hill, or ridge" from ä and bä´dlo´, q.v.; a
bluff or hill closing in upon the bottom on the south side of the
Washita at the Kiowa winter camp, 4 miles above the agency.
Ä´bäho´ko—Navaho; the old name, derived from the word Navaho; now
more frequently called Kotse´nto, "muddy bodies" (tse´n, mud),
from an alleged custom of painting themselves with clay. Sign (1)
"Mountain people," same as for the Ute (see [I´ătä´go]); (2)
"Knife-whetters," same as for Apache (see [Tagu´i)].
abiñ´—tripe; the principal stomach of the buffalo or cow.
a´da´—island.
â´dal—hair; â´daltem (literally, hair bone), head, in composition
sometimes âdal-.
´dalbea´hya—the eucharistic "medicine" of the Kiowa, derived from
the Sun-boy; sometimes called the Tä´lyi-da´-i, "Boy medicine,"
(page [238]). The name refers in some way to the scalps with which it
is covered, from â´dal, hair.
ä´dăldä—repeated (said of a ceremony), and hence might also be
rendered "united" or "union," as applied to two ceremonies near
together; gi´ä´dăldäa´mo, they will repeat the ceremony;
gi´ä´dăldäa´mi, they have repeated the ceremony. The common word
for often, or repetition, is a`pa´, as a`pa´ gyäda´mo, I am
repeating or have repeated it, I have done it several times or often.
â´dalda-`gu´ăn—the scalp dance; literally "hair-kill dance," from
âdal, dă, and gu´ăn, q.v.; scalp (noun), ä`tä´t (see Winter
[1849—50]).
â´dalhabä´—"sloping or one-sided hair," from â´dal and habä´,
q.v.; a style of hair dress in which the hair upon the right side of
the head is shaved close so as to display the ear pendants, while
left full length on the left side.
´dalhabä´-k`ia—"´dalhabä´-man," a noted Kiowa chief killed in
Texas in 1841 (see Winter [1841—42]). The name refers to his peculiar
hairdress, from âdalhabä´ and k`ia, q.v.
âdalhâñ´gya—money; literally "hair metal," from â´dal and
hâ´ñgya, q. v. (for explanation of name, see Winter [1832—33]);
softened to â`lhâñgya or o`lhoñ´gya. Cf. go´m-â´dal-hâ´ñgya.
â´dalka´-i—foolish, crazy (temporarily); from â´dal-, head, in
composition. Harmlessly demented, â´dalka´-idă´; stupid,
â´dalka´yom; he has become crazy, â´dalka´yom-dehe´dal.
´dalka´-ido´ha´—"crazy bluff;" a bluff on the south side of Bear
creek, near its head, between Cimarron and Arkansas rivers, near the
western Kansas line. So called on account of a rejoicing there over a
Caddo scalp (see Winter [1860—61]).
â´dalka´-igihä—a crest or topknot, from â´dal and ka´-igihä´,
q.v. The kingfisher is called âdalka´-igihä´, on account of his
topknot.
´dalk`ato´i-go—Nez Percés; "people with hair cut round across the
forehead," from â´dal, k`ato´i, and -go, q. v. Identified by
means of a picture of Chief Joseph. Sign: Right forefinger drawn
around across forehead.
´dalpe´pte—"bushy hair," an old Kiowa warrior, commonly known as
Frizzle-head; from â´dal, pep, and te, q. v. Âdalpep is also
the name of a specific variety of bush.
â´daltem—head or skull, literally "hair bone," from â´dal and
tem, q. v. In composition it becomes âdal- or â´daltoñ, the
latter being the plural form.
´daltem-etku´egan-de p'a—"head-dragging creek," from â´daltem,
etku´egan, -de, and p'a, q.v.; a small tributary of Clear fork
of the Brazos (Äse´se p'a) in Texas (see Winter [1837—38]).
â´daltoñ—heads, plural form of âdaltem, q. v. The plural form is
commonly used in the composition of proper names, as Âdaltoñ-edal,
"Big-head;" Sapo´dal-adaltoñ p'a, "Owl-head creek." This
pluralizing of proper name forms is common also in other Indian
languages.
´daltoñ-â´dalka´-igihä´go—Ponka; "Crested-head people," on account
of their peculiar headdress, consisting of a ridge of erect hair
along the top of the head from front to back, like the crest of an
ancient helmet; from â´daltoñ, â´dalka´-igihä´, and go, q. v. Cf.
´daltoñ-ka´-igihä´go.
´daltoñ-e´dal—"Big-head," from â´daltoñ
and edal, q. v.; (1) a prominent Kiowa
warrior who died in the winter of
1863—64; (2) a chief still living, nephew
and namesake of the other, commonly
known as Comalty, from his former
name Gomä´te, which can not be translated.
´daltoñ-ka´-igihä´go—Flatheads, literally
"compressed head people," from
â´daltoñ, ka´-igihä´, and go, q. v. They
are sometimes also called ´daltoñ-k`iägo,
"Head people." The Kiowa
indicate them in the sign language
by a gesture as if compressing the
head between the hands. Cf. ´daltoñ-â´dalka´-ijihä´go.
ä´dalto´yi—wild sheep; plural ä´dalto´yui;
the name refers to their going in
droves or herds; also called teñbe,
plural te´ñbeyu´i.
Ä´dalto´yui—"Wild Sheep," one of the
six military orders of the Kiowa (see
142), from âdalto´yi, q. v. They are
also called Teñ´beyu´i, from teñ´be, another
name for the same animal.
Ä´dăm—the Kiowa name of agent Charles
E. Adams (1889—1891); a corruption of
his proper name.
Ä´da´n—"Timber pass," locative Ä´da´ngyă,
from ä, dan, and gyă, q. v.; the
valley along Ä´da´n p'a, q. v.
Ä´da´n p'a—"Timber-pass creek," from ä, dan, and p'a, q.
v.; a creek north of Mount Scott, flowing south into Medicine-bluff
creek, on the reservation. Se´t-ĭmki´a, Gaa´piatañ, and other
prominent Kiowa live upon it.
A`da´te—"Island," from a`da´, q. v.; head chief of the Kiowa in
1833, superseded by the great Dohasän.
ä´`de—an idol or amulet carried on the person. Cf. Ä´`dek`i´a.
Ä´`dek`i´a—"Idol-man," from ä´`de and k`i´a, q. v.; a Kiowa
warrior, so called because he always carried an unknown ä´`de a
pouch slung from his shoulder.
Ä´`dek`i´a-de p'a—Buck or Clear creek, which enters Red river at
the corner of the reservation; literally "Ä´`dek`i´a's river" (see
the preceding), because he died there.
ä´do or ädă´—tree, shrub, timber; plural ä, q. v.
Ädo´ä p'a—Mule creek, between Medicine-lodge creek and Salt fork of
the Arkansas, Oklahoma; literally "timber windbreak creek," from,
ä and doä, q. v.; so called from a circular opening in the
timber, resembling a windbreak. Another informant says it was so
called because frequented by the Pawnee, who used always to build
such wind-breaks about their camps.
ä´do-byu´ñi—a circular opening in timber; from ä´do and byu´ñi,
q. v.
Ä´do-ee´tä-de p'a—Valley creek (?); a northern tributary of Elm fork
in Greer county, Oklahoma; the Ataway-taiti Pau, of the map in U.
S. Sup. Ct., Greer county case, I, 652; literally "big tree creek,"
from ädo, ee´t, -de, and p'a. So called on account of a large
cottonwood formerly growing on its east bank, which required seven
men to span it. It was afterward cut down by Mexicans. The form is
plural. Cf. Ä´gi´ăni p'a. It was also known as Tseñtän p'a, from
the Tseñtänmo military order.
Ä´do-ee´tte—"Big-tree," from ä´do, ee´t or
e´dăl, and te; a prominent Kiowa chief,
still living; spelled Addo Eta by Battey.
Ä´do´mko—"people under the trees, timber
people," from ä, dom, and ko; a collective
term for the immigrant tribes
from the gulf states, now in Indian
Territory, the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw,
Chickasaw, Seminole, and Caddo.
Individual tribes are known also by
special names, as Tsĕ´roki (Cherokee),
Masko´ki (Creek), Ma´sep' (Caddo).
A-ei-kenda (Apache)—"The One who is Surrendered;" the name with
dering as given in the treaty, of a Kiowa Apache chief who signed
the treaty of 1837.
A`ga´bai´—"On-top-of-the-hill; a Kiowa woman killed by her husband
in 1876—77.
Ä´`g'a´do—"wailing sun dance," from a´`gyä and g'ado. The sun
dance of 1837, so called on account of the wailing for warriors
killed by the Cheyenne.
ä`ga´-i—a species of hawk.
Ä`ga´-i p'a—(1) "hawk creek;" the east fork of Elk creek on the
reservation; (2) an upper branch of White river, of the Brazos,
Texas.
Ä`gâ´nti—a moon or month including parts of October and November,
from ä`gâ´ntsän, q. v. Sometimes also called Ä´`gântsä´nha, or
Sä-kop p'a, "midwinter moon," from sä-kop and p'a. (See page
[368].)
ä`gâ´ntsän—an irregular verb about equivalent to "I am coming
soon," or "wait until I come." Hi´tugŭ´ ä`gâ´ntsän, "wait and
I'll go."
a´`gat-ho´dal—measles, "pimple sickness," from a´`gat and
ho´dal.
Ä´gi´ăni p'a—the middle fork of Elk creek of Red river, on the
reservation; "long, or tall, tree creek," from ä, g´iăni and
p'a; so called on account of a very large tree formerly upon it.
Cf. Ä´do-ee´tä-de p'a. Marcy in 1852 notes large cottonwoods on the
South Canadian about 101c, one being 191/2 feet in circumference 5
feet from the ground.
Ä´`go´tä—chinaberry tree or palo duro; "hard wood tree," from ä,
got, and ä.
Ä`go´tä p'a—"Chinaberry creek;" Palo-duro creek, in the panhandle of
Texas.
Ägun´tä p'a—Washita river; "tipi-pole timber river," from ä,
guntä, and p'a.
a´`gyä—lamentation, wailing, crying; a loud, general, and continuous
wailing, as for the dead. It has no verbal form. Crying (n.),
a´lyi; I cry, äa´lyi.
Ä´gya´i`ko—Penätĕ´`ka Comanche; "timber Comanche," from ä and
Gyai`ko. Their Comanche name, Penätĕ´ka or Penätĕ´`ka,
signifies "honey eaters."
äha´gyä—they took it (a quantity or number, as of cattle or money,
either by trade or force). The verb has no present. gyäha´gyä, I
have taken it (animate object or money); gyäta´gyä, I have taken it
(inanimate object).
ahi´ñ—cedar; "conspicuous," "peculiar," on account of its green
appearance in winter; said also of a pinto horse, a finely dressed
chief, etc. Cf. ä´hi´ñ, "principal tree," i. e., the cottonwood.
Ahi´ñ do´ha—"cedar bluff," from ahi´ñ and doha; a bluff on the
north side of Smoky-hill river, about opposite the mouth of Timber
creek, near Fort Hays, Kansas.
Ahi´ña toñ—"cedar spring," from ahi´ñ and toñtep; a water hole
on the Staked plain in Texas or New Mexico.
Ä´hyäto—Southern Arapaho; plural, Ä´hyädal. The name can not be
interpreted or explained by the Kiowa, but is the same name applied
to the wild plum bush; the first syllable, ä, may mean tree, bush,
or timber. The Kiowa formerly called the Southern Arapaho
Komse´ka-k`i´ñähyu´p, "men of the worn-out leggings," from
komse´, ka´ti, and k`iñ´ähi. T'ebodal, the oldest man in the
tribe, says that the name Ä´hyäto was formerly applied to the Osage
(see [K`apä´to]), but was changed on account of a death and revived
for another tribe. The Kiowa called the Northern Arapaho of Wyoming
Tägyä´ko, "wild sage people" (from tä´gyĭ and ko or k`iäko),
and the Arapaho Grosventres, living with the Blackfeet, they call
Botk`i´ägo, "belly people" (from bot and k`i´ägo).
ai´deñ—leaves, foliage.
Aideñ P'a—a moon or month including parts of March and April; "leaf
or foliage moon," from ai´deñ and p'a.
Ai´koñ p'a—"dark-timber, i. e., shady,
river," from ä, koñ and p'a; (1) Pawnee
fork of Arkansas river in Kansas, also
called Mâ´nka-gu´ădal-de p'a, from a
Comanche chief named Mâ´nka-gu´ădal,
q. v., who was killed there; (2) Boggy
creek, tributary of the South Canadian,
on the Wichita reservation, sometimes
called Gi´atä P'ada´ti, "ridge creek, or
backbone creek," from gi´apa´-iñgya, on
account of a high ridge which separates
it from the South Canadian (see also
[Aikoñ tsen p'a]).
Ai'koñ P'a Sole´go or Ai´koñ P'a Yä´`pähe´gyă—Fort Larned, Kansas,
established in 1859 on the south bank of Pawnee fork, 8 miles above
its junction with the Arkansas, It was the issue point for the
southern plains tribes until their removal to Indian Territory. The
name signifies "soldier place on Dark-timber river," from Aikoñ
p'a, sole´go or yä´`pähe´, and gyă. Also called
Mânka-gu´ădal-de P'agya, Yä´`pähe gi´ădal-de´e, q.v.
A´ikoñ tsen p'a—Lebos creek, Greer county, Oklahoma; "dark timber
mud creek," or "muddy dark-timber creek," from Aikoñ p'a and
tsen. Sometimes called simply Aikoñ p'a.
ak`a´—rough, notched, serrated.
äk`a´—I am lying down; he is lying down, k`a. Cf. k`a, knife.
aka´-i—wrinkled.
akan(-gya)—last (of a series); at the end; in composition aka´n.
äko´ä—I spy.
Äk`o´dalte—"Feather-necklace," a Kiowa warrior and shield maker (see
Winter [1853—54]). Abbreviated from Äk`o´dalpä´te, from ä,
k`o´dalpä, and te.
Ä´läho´—Quapaw? Omaha? Described as a tribe living north from the
Osage, and with the same language and style of shaving the head.
Gaa´piatañ, who knows the name of the Quapaw, says they are the
Äläho´. The name occurs in the early French narratives, as Anahou,
Anahon, Anahous, and Annaho, described as the Osage or a part of them
(Joutel, 1687; La Harpe, 1719; Bienville (?), 1719; in Margry, vi).
Dorsey stated that the Osage, Quapaw, and Kaw speak one dialect, and
the Omaha and Ponka another dialect, of the same language. The name
has no meaning to the Kiowa, who say that it is the name used by the
Äläho´ themselves. It can hardly be intended for the Omaha, whom the
Kiowa call O´moho´ñko.
älo´—plural älâ´go, the wild plum; t`äbälo´, "antelope plum," a
smaller bush variety; señ-älo´, "prickly älo´," the prickly pear;
pa´gi-älo´, "downy älo´," peach; älo-sâhe´, "green älo´,"
apple; älo´-gu´ak`o, "yellow älo´," orange; älo´-koñ´kya,
"black älo´," prune.
âm, âmo—the root of the verb to do, to make; I make it (generic),
gyädâ´mo; I make it (dress, arrow, etc), gyätâ´mo; I make butter,
etc, giâ´mo.
an—a track.
änä´obahe´ma—we must die (from Kâitse´ñko song). Cf. hem.
Ä´ndali—for "Andres;" Andres Martinez, an influential Mexican
captive among the Kiowa and delegate in 1894 (see Winter [1866—67]).
añga´dal—beyond, more.
Añga´-ite´—"Ankle," a Mexican captive and Florida prisoner in 1875.
There is no real word for ankle, which is described as "foot joint,"
etc.
A´nko´ or A´nkopa´-iñgyade´te—"In-the-middle-of-many-tracks," from
an, kopa´-iñgya, de, and te. A Kiowa warrior, author of two
of the calendars, commonly abbreviated to Anko´.
anso´, anso´i—foot.
A´nso-gi´ăni or Anso´`te—"Long-foot," from anso´, gi´ăni, and
te; a noted priest of the taíme, who held it for forty years,
from before 1833 until his death in the winter of 1870—71. Commonly
abbreviated to Anso´`te.
ä´ntsenku´ădal—"he (she) built a nest there," literally, "he put
clay (?) there;" a bird's nest is called tsen, which also is the
word for "mud," possibly because some birds build nests of clay;
tsengiâ´mo guato, "the bird is building a nest." A bird's nest is
also called gu´ăto-do´, "bird house."
äo´päñ—he was initiated into the Kâ´itseñko, q. v.; I am, etc,
äo´päñ; they were initiated, etc, edo´päñ; to initiate into the
Kâ´itseñko, äo´pä, from verb äo´pä, "to tie with a rope around
the neck" (see Summer [1846]). I tie it, gyäpä´imo; I tie him with
a rope around his neck (not necessarily to choke him), gyäo´pä; I
choke him with my hand, gyäo´`de.
ä´oto´n—they were massacred, exterminated,
or annihilated; also to clear off,
as timber; I exterminate them, de´oton;
we shall exterminate them, e´dato´ndo´.
A'pämâ´dal(te)—"Struck-his-head-against-a-tree,"
a Mexican captive
killed in Texas in the winter of 1866—67.
From äpâdeâ´dalgop, "I strike my head
against a tree;" ä, tree; â'dal-, head,
in composition.
äpäñtsep—they left him (it) tied; I tie
him (uncommon), gyäpä´ñi; I leave him
tied, gyäpä´ñtsep.
a´`pata´—far up, far off; a word used in
pointing out the top of a very tall tree,
the end of a long rope or a sky depth;
intended to convey the idea of going
out of sight.
A´päta´te—"Far-up," from ä´`päta´ and te;
a Kiowa rendering of the name of the
Cheyenne chief, Wo´ifdo´ĭsh, "Touch-the-clonds,"
killed by the Pawnee in
1852. He was also called K`a-t'ogyä,
"Knife shirt," or Hâ´ñt'o´-gyäk`i´a,`
"Iron-shirt-man" (Cheyenne, Mä-ai´-tai´-ĭ´stsĭ-hĭ´nă´)
on account of a cuirass
which he wore, probably taken from
Mexico (see [k`a], [t'ogyä], [hâñgya], [k`ia]).
Ä´pätdo´ p'a—Cimarron river, Oklahoma,
"river of trees with low spreading
branches," from ä, pä´tdo´, and p'a.
Also sometimes called Doha´te-hem-de p'a, "river where Doha´sän died" (in
1866), from Doha´te, hem, -de, and p'a.
ä´pätsä´t—tree tops, from ä and pätsä´t.
a´peñ.—otter.
A´peñ-gu´ădal—"Red-otter;" a Kiowa
warrior, brother of old Lone-wolf
(see Winter [1873—74]). From a´peñ and
gu´ădal.
Ä´piatañ—"Wooden-lance;" a Kiowa
delegate to the messiah, 1890, and to
Washington, 1894; also spelled Ah-pe-ah-tone
(Report, 113). The name implies
a lance without a metal blade,
like Set-t'aiñte's famous zebat, from ä
and piătañ´ga.
ä´poto—a branch or limb of a tree; a
forked stick or rod; one of the large
forked poles which support the roof of
the medicine lodge; from ä and po´to´
(see story, Summer [1857]).
ä´sâhe´—ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya),
literally "green plant," from ä and
sâhe´. It is used medicinally by the
Kiowa for persons and horses, and on
account of the resemblance to its bitter
taste the name has been transferred
to pickles, äsâhe´, whence also ä´sâhe´toñ,
vinegar.
ase´—a creek or small stream. The
word is seldom heard, p'a being generally
used for all streams, large or
small.
a´se´gya—spring (the season), an archaic
word which can not be analyzed
(see page [366]). It is also known as
so´npa´ta, "grass sprouting," from son
and gyäpa´ta.
ä´semtse—he was stolen. I steal, gyäse´mdo
or gyäse´mk`o; I steal a horse,
cow, etc, gyäse´mk`op; they stole
them (horses, etc), eda´se´mk`op; thief,
se´mät, hence their name for the Kiowa
Apache.
Ä´sese p'a—Clear fork of Brazos river,
Texas; literally, "wooden arrowpoint
river," from ä, se´se, and p'a. The
Comanche name, conveying the same
meaning, is Tä´`ka-ho´novĭt. Cf. Se´sep'a.
Ä´-tagu´i—the Lipan and the Mescalero
Apache; "timber Apache," from ä, and
Tagu´i. It seems to refer more particularly
to the Lipan, the Mescalero usually
being called by their Comanche name
of Ĕ´sikwita.
ä´taha´-i—a war-bonnet, literally "feather crest," from ä and
taha´. The war-bonnet is the most showy part of an Indian warrior's
dress, and consists of a cap and crown of eagle feathers, with a
pendant of the same feathers fixed in a broad streamer of red cloth
or buffalo skin of sufficient length to trail upon the grotind when
the wearer stands erect. Cf. ä´tä`lä´.
Ä´taha´-i Gyä´`gan-de Ase´—"creek where they bought the
war-bonnet;" the fourth creek entering North fork of Red river from
the north below Sweetwater creek, western Oklahoma; so called because
some returning warriors brought to the Kiowa camp there a war-bonnet
taken from the Ute (see Summer [1869]). From ä´taha´-i, gyä`ga´n, -de, and ase´.
Ä´taha´-ik`i—"War-bonnet-man," a Kiowa warrior killed in Mexico
in 1844—45; also known as Set-k`o´dalte, "Bear-neck;" from
ä´taha´-i, k`i, set, k`odal, and te.
ät'a´kagu´a—antelope "medicine" for
hunting antelope; literally, "they
surrounded (äka´gu´a) antelope (t'a);"
present, used only for ceremonial or
"medicine" surround, ät'a´kayi´. The common word is egi´atä´da,
"they are surrounding him" (see Winter [1848—49]).
Ä´-t'a`ka´-i—"timber Mexicans," inhabitants of Tamaulipas and both
sides of the lower Rio Grande; from ä, and t'a`ka´-i.
Ä´-t'a`ka´-i Dombe, or Ä-t'a`ka´-i-gyă—Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and
southeastern Texas; literally, "Timber-Mexican country," from
Ä´-t'a`ka´-i, dombe, and gyă (see [Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i-do´mbe]).
ä´tä`lä´—a feather headdress, an imitation from the Ute and other
western tribes, made of feathers bent or doubled in a peculiar
manner; from, ä and tä`lä´.
Ä´tä`lä´te—"Feather-headdress," a Kiowa warrior in 1888—89; from
ä´tä`lä´ and te.
a´tän—sour, bitter.
ätä´ndo—"he has a headdress of upright feathers;" said of one of the
Tseñtä´nmo, q. v.
atäñ´ta—I am dissatisfied.
a´täntai´—salt, from a´tän and t'aiñ (?).
A´täntai´-gyäk`udal-de´e´—"salt place,"
"where there is salt;" the salt beds on
the upper South Canadian, at the New
Mexico line.
A´täntai´ p'a—"salt river," from a´täntai´
and p'a; (1) Salt fork of Arkansas
river, Oklahoma; (2) Elm fork of Red
river, Greer county, Oklahoma; (3) a
southern branch of the South Canadian,
above Dä´ñpeä p'a (White-deer creek?),
in the Texas panhandle, near where
the Ute captured the taíme in 1868,
and near the New Mexico line. Near
it was a salt deposit, from which the
Indians procured salt. The Salt fork
of Red river is called by the Kiowa
Dä-mä´tan-ä p'a, q. v.
Äte´stisti (Comanche)—"Little-horn," a
Comanche signer of the treaty of Medicine
Lodge, 1867; spelled Ah-te-es-ta
on the treaty.
äti—entrails. Cf. sadal.
ä´`to—cowbird? The ordinary name for
the common cowbird is tseñ-gu´ato,
"horse bird."
äto´ñ—bones, his (?) bones. Cf. tem.
Ä´`to-t'aiñ—"White-cowbird," from ä´`to
and t'aiñ; a Kiowa war chief, brother
of Sun-boy, and killed by Texans in
1878—79. In 1874 Set-t'aiñte had given
him his zebat or medicine lance, for
which reason he was sometimes known
as Zebä-do-k`ia, "Man-who-has-the-arrows"
(plural form), from zebä,
gyädo´, and k`ia.
Äyä—"Sitting-on-a-tree" (?). A boy saved
from the Osage massacre in 1833. The
name seems to be abbreviated from
Äyä´ñgya, "Sitting-on-a-tree," from ä
and ä´ñgya, but may possibly be for
Äyä´ñti, "(He is)-Walking-on-a-tree,"
or Äyäñ´yi, "Dreaming-on-a-tree."
Ä´yä´daldä—"Timber hill," from ä and
yä´daldä; a hill near the southern Kansas
line, on Medicine-lodge creek, hence
called Ä´yä´daldä p'a.
Ä´yä´daldä p'a—"Timber-hill river" (see
[preceding]); Medicine-lodge creek,
which flows southward from Kansas
into the Salt fork of the Arkansas.
The noted treaty was made here in
1867 (see Winter [1867—68]).
azä´, azai´—udder.
Azä´tañhop—"those who went away dissatisfied
on account of the udder,"
from azä´, atäñ´ta, and hop; a traditional
seceding band of Kiowa.
äzo´n—pomme blanche (Psoralea esculenta);
a characteristic plains plant,
the root of which is eaten in early summer
by probably all the tribes of the
plains.
äzo´t—driftwood; a dam formed by driftwood;
from ä and zo´ (?), the root of
the verb "to flow."
Äzo´t p'a—"Driftwood creek, from äzo´t
and p'a; Two-butte creek, a southern
tributary of the Arkansas, below
Bent's Fort in Colorado; so called from
quantities of driftwood from freshets
along its lower course. Near its
head, is a "double mountain" (Two
buttes?).
Bab´i`pa´ (Apache)—an Apache signer of
the treaty of 1867, called on the treaty
"Mah-vip-pah, Wolf's sleeve."
badai´—(he is) appearing (as from, over
a hill); I am appearing, äba´dai´; he is
appearing or coming in sight, badai´ or
badä´.
ba´dlo´—another name for hill, ridge, or
bluff. Cf. k`op, yä´daldä, do´ha´.
be´dalpa´—beard; literally, "mouth
down or fur," from be´dal and pa; the
more common word is senpo, q. v.
Be´dalpa´go—white people, particularly
Americans; literally, "bearded people,"
from be´dalpa´ and gó. Other
Kiowa names for the whites are: (1)
T'a`ta´-i, an old word signifying "prominent
or flapping ears," from t´a and ka´-i,
from the fact that the shorter hair of the
white men makes their ears appear
more prominent; the same name is also
applied to a mule. (2) Hâñpo´go, "trappers,"
from hâ´ñpo´ and go, because
some of the first whites known to them
were American trappers. (3) Ganoñ´ko,
"growlers," on account of their coarse
voices, as regarded by the Indians.
(4) Gañto´nto, "cap wearers," from
gañto´n. (5) Bo´yoñko, "blonds;" singular,
Bo´yoñk`i´a, from boiñ and ko
or k`ia.
bodal—abnormal, or useless (?); cf. ka´-bodal
and T'a-bodal. A somewhat
similar word, p'o´dălta, in composition,
p'o´dal, q. v., signifies decayed or rotten.
Bo´he´—not translatable and probably of
foreign origin; a Kiowa man still living,
said to have six fingers on each
hand. His brother, Masa´te, "Six,"
had six toes on each foot.
boho´n—cap, especially a war cap, ornamented
with feathers, and sometimes
with buffalo horns. Bo´ho´nta or k`an-bo´ho´nta,
(a white man's) hat, from
boho´n and k`an, squeezed or compressed,
perhaps referring to the split in the
middle or to the brim doubled up.
Boho´n-ko´ñkya—"Black-cap;" a former
Kiowa chief, one of the signers of the
treaty of 1837, where his name appears
as "Bon-congais, the Black Cap."
Catlin painted his picture in 1834
(pl. LXXVI herein) under the name of
"Bon-son-gee, the New Fire." Imo´tä,
a son of ´dalpe´pte, is properly
Boho´n-ko´ñkya, named from this chief.
bo´iñ—blond, bright. Cf. tsoñda.
Bo´iñ-e´dal—"Big-blond;" a German
captive, taken in 1835, still living
among the Kiowa (see Summer [1835]).
Bo´loi—not translatable, probably corrupted
from a foreign (Spanish?)
name; a Mexican captive and Florida
prisoner in 1875, still living.
Bon toñ—"stinking water, or spring,"
from gyäbo´nse, it stinks, and toñ or
toñtep; a water hole on the Staked
plain, probably so called on account
of sulphur or alkali impregnation.
Probably Sulphur springs, in Martin
county, Texas, at the head of the Colorado.
bot—stomach, belly.
Bot-e´dalte—"Big-stomach," from bot,
e´dal, and te; a Kiowa woman who died
in the winter of 1882—83.
Botk`i´ägo—Arapaho Grosventres; "belly
people," from bot and k`i´ägo. Cf.
Ä´hyäto.
Con-a-hen-ka—"Con-a-hen-ka, the Horne Frog" (sic), a Kiowa
signer of the treaty of 1837, as the name appears in the treaty. The
horned frog (toad or lizard) is called se´hän, and the correct name
may possibly have been Se´hänk`i´a, "Horned-toad-man." In the
treaty of 1867 T'ene´-ango´pte, "Kicking-bird," appears as
"Ton-a-en-ko or Kicking Eagle."
da´-i—"medicine," sacred, religious,
mysterious; da´-i, "medicine," in the
ordinary English sense, is sometimes
distinguished from da´hä, medicine, in
the Indian sense of sacred or mysterious;
Dak`i´a, God; Daki´ada, Sunday.
Daki´ada—Sunday; "medicine day,"
from da´-i and ki´ada.
Daki´a-sä´n—Saturday; "little medicine
day," from da´-i, ki´ada, and sän.
dam—(1) war path, war expedition; (2)
first.
Dä´-mä´ta´n(-ta)—"star girls," from dä
and mä´ta´n; the Pleiades. There is a
myth to account for the name. A ceremonial
invocation and sacrifice were
formerly made to them by mothers on behalf
of their sick children, but the last
priestess of the ceremony is now dead.
Dä´-mä´ta´n-ä´ p'a—Salt fork of Red
river in Greer county, Oklahoma; literally,
"Star girls (i. e., Pleiades) tree
river," from Dä´-mäta´n, ä, and p'a; so
called from a noted tree formerly
there, which grew from the sprouting
of a twig driven into the ground to
support the "medicine" on occasion
of a ceremonial sacrifice performed by
the mother of Stumbling-bear (see
above). The tree was about 30 miles
up the creek and was finally cut down
by the Comanche.
da´m-koñ´kya—evening; literally, "first
darkness," from dam and koñkya; also
called deko´mdo´le(-gya), from an archaic
root referring to slight darkness.
Dä´n-pa´-iñgyat'a´-i—"Bald-head," "bald
on the crown of the head," from dä´nto´,
dä´npa´-iñgya; Lawrie Tatum, agent for
the Kiowa and allied tribes, 1869—1873.
dä´nto´—bald; I am bald, ä´dä´nto´ită´.
Da´tekâ´ñ.—"Keeps-his-name-always;" it contains the root of
kâ´ñgya, name; a Kiowa who assumed the role of prophet in 1881—82,
taking the name of Pa´te´pte, "Buffalo-bull-coming-out," from pa,
tep, and te.
Datûmpa´ta (Hidatsa?)—given as the Hidatsa name for the Kiowa (see
[Kiowa synonymy]).
Däve´ko (Apache)—a Kiowa Apache chief and medicine man.
-de (in composition)—(1) all, many; (2) a possessive suffix ("of"),
sometimes equivalent to "when," "where," or "there," as
Pai´-tälyi´-de tseñko, Sun-boy's horses; Pa´-ä´ngya tsä´n-de sai,
"winter when Sitting-bull came," "winter of Sitting-bull's coming."
De´ä´ p'a—"All-kinds-of-trees creek," or "Many-trees (or bushes)
creek;" a stream in Kansas somewhere about Fort Dodge.
-de´e´—there is, where is; a suffix in composition.
De´ngyä-ko´ñ k`op—"Black-ice mountain,"
from de´ngyä, ko´ñkya, and k`op;
a mountain on the southern edge of the
Staked plain; so called from the
appearance of the ice frozen on the
branches of the trees after a rain while
a Kiowa war party camped there (see
Winter [1834—35]).
de´no`te´li—gypsum; the word contains teli, "white clay." The
Kiowa use it, when burned, to fasten arrowheads.
De´no`te´li p'a—Gypsum creek, Greer county, Oklahoma; "gypsum
creek," from de´no`te´li and p'a.
do—an intensive in composition, equivalent to "very" or "too," as
do´ye´t, very large.
do´—tipi, house; plural, do´ta.
do´-a´—"tipi game," from do´ and a. For description see Winter
[1881—82].
do´ä´—a circular windbreak or fence of brushwood around a tipi to
keep off the force of the wind; from do´ and ä.
Doä´dal-koñ´kya—"Black-kettle" (plural form); the Kiowa name of the
Cheyenne chief "Black-kettle," killed in the battle of the Washita,
1868. See the next.
Doä´dal-koñ´kya-eho´tal-de´e—"where Black-kettle was killed" from
Doä´dal-koñ´kya, eho´tal, and de; the place of the "battle of
the Washita," in western Oklahoma, November 27, 1868.
do´a´t—condition of ceremonial mourning; in mourning; do´ătda, he
is in mourning. At such times they gash themselves, cut off their
hair and the hair of their horses' tails, neglect their dress and
discard their ornaments and paint, isolate themselves and wail night
and morning in lonely places. The regular word for "crying" is
a´lyă.
doä´to, plural doä´dal—pot, kettle; koä´to, plural koä´dal,
plate, pan.
do´bä—face; in composition do.
Do´-e´dalte—"Big-face;" a Kiowa warrior killed in 1835—36.
dogâ´i—white faced (as applied to an animal); having the face of a
color different from that of the rest of the body; from do´bä and
gâ´idă. Cf. Gâ´igwŭ.
Do-gi´ägyä-gu´ăt—"battle picture tipi," from do´, gi´ägyä, and
gu´ăt; the hereditary tipi of Doha´sän's family (see Winter [1872—73]
and plate LXXIX).
do`go´t-ä´—oak, oak tree, literally "very hard wood," from do,
got, and ä; they now say ka`do´li-ä, which conveys the same
idea, on account of the death of a woman named Do`go´tä about five
years ago. Do`go´t-e´, acorn, literally "oak fruit."
Do go´t-ä p'a—Oak creek or Post-oak creek, a small southern
tributary of the Washita in County H, Oklahoma; literally, "oak
creek," from do`go´t-ä and p'a. The name has recently been
changed to Ka`do´li-ä p'a (see the preceding).
Do`gu´at—Wichita, with their cognate tribes the Waco and Tawakoni,
and presumably also the Kichai; singular Do`gu´atk`ia, literally
"pictured, or tattooed faces," from do´bä and gu´ăt, on account
of their practice of tattooing; sometimes also called Be´dalgu´ăt,
"tattooed mouths;" singular, Be´dalgu´ătk`i´a, their Comanche name;
Do´`kana conveys a similar meaning. They call themselves
Kĭtikĭti´sh, spelled Kidi-ki-tashe in the Greer county testimony.
Do`gu´at k`op—"Wichita mountain," from Do`gu´ăt and k`op. The
Kiowa call by this name only those at the western end, between Elk
creek and the North fork of Red river, on the reservation, in the
vicinity of the old Wichita village (see Summer [1834]). For the rest
of the group they have names only for particular peaks.
do´guătal—a young man.
Do´guătal-e´dal—"Big-young-man," from do´guătal and e´dal; a
sacrilegious Kiowa warrior in 1861.
Do´guătal-tai´de—"Young-man-chief," from do´guătal and tai´de;
agent Lieut. Maury Nichols, in charge 1893—94.
do´`gyäho´n—she was frozen; I am freezing, ädo´`gyäho´n.
do´ha´—bluff.
Doha´, Doha´te, or Doha´-sän—"Bluff" or
"Little-bluff," from do´ha´, sän, and te;
the hereditary name of a line of chiefs
in the Kiowa tribe for nearly a century.
The name has been borne by at
least four of the family, viz: (1) The
first of whom there is remembrance
was originally called Pa´-do`gâ´-i or
Pado'gâ, "White-faced-buffalo-bull"
(from pa and do-`gâ´-i), and this name
was afterward changed to Doha´ or
Doha´te, "Bluff." He was also a
prominent chief. (2) His son was
originally called Ä´anoñ´te (a word of
doubtful etymology), and afterward
took his father's name of Doha´te,
which was changed to Doha´sän, "Little
Dohate," or "Little-bluff," for distinction.
He became a great chief,
ruling over the whole tribe from 1833
until his death in 1866. His portrait
was painted in 1834 by Catlin,
who calls him Teh-toot-sah, and his
name appears on the treaty of 1837
as To-ho-sa, the "Top of the Mountain."
(3) His son, whose widow is
Anki´mä, inherited his father's name,
Doha´sän, was also a distinguished
warrior, and died about three years
ago. His scalp-shirt and war-bonnet
case are now in the National Museum.
(4) The nephew of the great Doha´sän
II and cousin of the last mentioned
(3) was also called Doha´sän,
and always wore a silver cross with
the name "Tohasan" engraved upon
it. He was the author of the Scott
calendar, and died in 1892; shortly
before his death he changed his name to
Da´npä´, "Shoulder-blade," from da´n,
"shoulder" (?), leaving only Anki´mä's
husband (3) to bear the hereditary
name, which is now extinct.
Dohe´ñko—the Carrizo, and probably also the Karankawa; "shoeless
people," from do´ti, heñ-, and ko. The Tonkawa also called both
these tribes and others on the Texas coast the "shoeless" or
"barefoot people" (Gatschet). The Kiowa know the name Carrizo from
having still among them some captives of that tribe, and state that
they wore sandals instead of regular moccasins. Also called
Kâ´nhe´ñko and Yi´atä´teheñko, from kân and yi´atä´te, other
synonyms for do´ti, moccasin, q. v.
Dohe´ñte—"No-moccasins," or "Barefoot," a keeper of the taíme, who
succeeded Anso´`te in 1873 and died in the winter of 1875—76; called
Tohaint by Battey.
Do´ho´n—Mandan, said to mean "last tipi," from do´+; an older form
of the same name is Dowa´koho´n, and they are also sometimes called
Sa´bă´, "stingy."
do´`ka´ñi—bark (of a tree); contains ka´ni, shell or rind.
Do´`ka´ñi k`op—"bark mountains," the Santa Rosa mountains in
northern Coahuila, Mexico.
Do´`ka´ñi-t'a`ka´-i—"Bark (mountain)
Mexicans," those in the vicinity of the
Santa Rosa mountains, Coahuila (see
the preceding).
Do´-ko´nsenä´go—Chiricahua Apache;
"People of the turned-up moccasins,"
from do´ti, ko´nsenä´, and go; the
"Hooked or Curved Toe Apache" of
Clark (page 33). They are now prisoners
of war at Fort Sill on the reservation,
and were known to the Kiowa
under this name before their removal
from Arizona.
do´mba´—bugle, flute, flageolet. Nearly
every tribe of the plains and eastward
has its native flute.
do´mbe—country, region, from dom or
dâm.
Domo´ntoñ—ocean; literally seems
"water surrounding the earth," from
dom and toñ. They have no specific
names except by description.
do´n—fat (noun); I am fat, ädo´n.
Do´n p'a—South Platte river; "fat
river," on account of the former abundance
of the buffalo there. According
to Clark, the South Platte is known to
the tribes as Fat or Greasy or sometimes
as Goose river.
do´nä´i—pecan; literally, "fat or oily
tree fruit," from do´n, ä and i or e. Another
name is oñ´guă.
Do´nä´i p'a—(1) Elk creek of North fork
of Red river, on the reservation; it
was formerly called Ko`ga´-i p'a, "Elk
creek." Elk have been seen in the
adjoining portion of the Wichita
mountains within the last twenty
years. (2) Nueces river, Texas, called
also Nakü´`tävä hono, "Pecan river,"
by the Comanche. The Kiowa name
also signifies "Pecan river." (3) The
southernmost tributary of Señ p'a (Salado,
Nuevo Leon, Mexico), i. e., probably
the Sabinas Hidalgo branch
(lower Salado).
doñ´iga—far below, as at the bottom of
a well or canyon. Deep is zoñ.
Doñ´iga-p'a´da´-de´e or Doñ´iga-p'ak`a´dee—Cataract canyon; Colorado
canyon, Arizona; literally, "it has,"
or "there is" (da´) a river (p'a) lying
(k`a) there (de´e) far below (doñ´iga).
The Kiowa have visited both canyons,
and tell of killing several Havasupai
(Coconino), who seemed unused to enemies,
in a raid upon their canyon home
on Cataract creek.
do´npä—cat-tail rushes (Equisetum arvense),
singular, do´npä´ga. The name
is connected with do´n, "fat," from the
resemblance in the edible portion;
kidney fat is also called do´npä. The
Indians eat raw the soft white portion
at the base of the stalk.
do´ti—moccasin, shoe; this is the oldest
word, and has held its own. Other
words used instead at various periods
on account of deaths, are yi´atä´te and
kân.
-e, or -i—fruit, berry, grain, nut, in
composition; perhaps same as i, child
or offspring, q. v.
e´dăl—great, large, big; another word
used is bi´ăn, bi´ăntă. Variants are et,
e´do´ or e´dă, and e´e´t; edal is generally
used for animate objects and for tipi
or house; e´do´ or e´dă´ is used for inanimate
objects generally; et is generally
used for inanimate objects, but
may also be used for man, horse, and
dog; e´e´t, a plural form, is used for
tree, box, and some others. It is large,
et; they are large, ebi´ăn.
eda´se´mk`op—they stole them (horses).
Cf. ä´semtse.
edo´nmo—they are searching or hunting
for something; I search or hunt for,
gyädo´nmo.
edo´päñ—they were initiated as Kâ´itseñko.
Cf. äo´päñ.
e´`gu´—a plant (i. e., something planted
to grow from seed or cutting; not
something growing without human
aid); from e and gu´ă, to plant; I plant,
gyäte´gu´ă`dă; plant it! bäte´gŭ´!
E´`gua p'a—Chandler creek, on the reservation;
literally, "Garden creek,"
frome e´`gu´ and p'a, because the Apache
had their principal cornfields there.
eho´tal—he was killed; I kill him, gyäho´taldă;
he killed him, äho´tal; I killed
him, gyäho´tal (gyälho´tl); they killed
us, daho´tal; kill him! äho´!ho´tăl!
ek`i´ädă—it sprouted, it has sprouted, it
is growing; said of the young plant
when it appears above ground; gyäk`i´ädă,
growing, sprouting. Cf. gyäk`i´ädă.
E´maä—not translatable; a Kiowa
woman, keeper of the taíme since 1894.
E´oñte—a Kiowa man, otherwise known
as Gu´ădal-e´dal, "Big-red;" the word
may have connection with eoñ´to, I like
him.
eoñ´ti—I like him. Cf. Gyai´`koao´ñte.
E´`pea—"We-(they-)are-afraid-of-him,"
from gyäpe´to; a Kiowa warrior, who
died a prisoner in Florida after 1875.
Ĕ´sikwi´ta (Comanche)—"brown dung,"
so called, it is said, from the color produced
by eating piñon nuts in the
mountains, or perhaps an allusion to
the appearance of the favorite "mescal
bread" of the tribe. Mescalero Apache;
a Comanche name adopted by the Kiowa
to designate the same tribe; sometimes
also called Ätäbĭts by the Comanche;
under the name of Essequeta
or Essequeta Apache, the Kiowa Apache
have sometimes been confounded with
them, and the Kiowa sometimes confound
them with the Ä´tagu´i or Lipan.
eta´`ga—they shot it, or them; I shoot,
deta´`bo´; I shall shoot, deta´`tito´; I
shot (either with bow or gun), deta´`ga;
shoot! beta´`de!
E´tälyidonmo—"He-(they-)hunts-for-boys,"
from tä´lyi´ and edo´nmo; a
Florida prisoner in 1875, afterward a
student and worker in his tribe.
etku´egan—they brought it dragging
(i. e., a head); I drag it, or him,
deku´eba´; I bring it dragging, deku´egan.
eto´dă.—they (poles) were left standing;
I leave it standing, deto´di´`to.
e´tpata—they ate it (ashes); I eat,
gyä`pa´ta. Cf. gyäpa´ta, it is sprouting.
etpe´—they were afraid, or frightened.
Cf. gyä`pe´to.
e´zăn, e´zhăn—agent, i. e., Indian agent;
corrupted from "agent."
E´zănyă, E´zhănyă —the agency, at
Anadarko, Oklahoma, from "agent,"
"agency;" sometimes referred to as
Ägun´tä p'a´-gyă, "at Washita river,"
or E´zăn-do´i, "at the agent's house."
gaa´—an archaic name for crow (now
ma´ñsă´; cf. mă´să´, six), still used in
composition in proper names.
Gaa´-boho´n—"Crow-bonnet;" a Kiowa
chief, signer of the treaty of 1867,
where he is called "Corbeau, or The
Crow." He never wore a shirt, but in
winter threw a buffalo robe over his
naked shoulders.
Gaa´-k`i´ägo—Crow Indians, "Crow people;"
it is said they are sometimes
called also Koñ-k`i´ägo, "black people,"
but this is probably another name for
the Ute or I´atä´go, q. v.
Gaa´-k`o´dalte—"Crow-neck," from gaa´,
k`o´dal, and te; a Kiowa chief, who
died in 1842.
Gaa´piata´ñ—"Feathered-lance" from
gaa´yi and pi´atañ´ga; an old Kiowa
war chief, better known as Heidsick,
a corruption of Hai´tsĭki, the Comanche
rendering of his Kiowa name.
gaa´yi—a feathered lance sheath, made
usually of red cloth with pendent eagle
feathers and drawn up over the shaft
of the lance, leaving the blade exposed.
ga´bodălyi´ or ga´bodli—sheep or goat;
possibly from the Spanish cabra. The
wild sheep is called teñbe, and the name
is sometimes applied also to the domestic
sheep.
Gâ´i k`op—"Kiowa mountains;" that
portion of the Rocky mountains at the
head of Missouri and Yellowstone
rivers; so called because the Kiowa
formerly lived there. Farther south
they are called I´ătä k`op, "Ute mountains,"
and in Mexico, K`ob-e´tă, "great
mountains."
Gâ´i-gwŭ´—(1) the Kiowa tribe; (2) one
of the recognized six divisions of the
Kiowa tribe, and probably the original
nucleus of the tribe. In this word the
root is gâ´i, while gwŭ is the tribal
suffix, more usually formed as go or ko,
q. v. The word seems to be derived
from gâ´idă, implying having a half or
part of different color from the rest;
perhaps in this case alluding to some
old style of face or body paint or to
the former custom of wearing the hair
cut short on one side of the head, as
already noted. A feather of the war
eagle is described as gâ´idă´, because
one-half of it is white and the other
black; a white-face horse is called
do´-gâ´idă´. Cf. Pa-do`gâ´-i, "white-face-buffalo-bull."
ga´kiñ—ten. Cf. pägo.
Ga´kiñăte—"Ten," from ga´kiñ and te; a
Kiowa warrior, brother of Lone-wolf,
1883—84.
Ga´kiñăt'o P'a—"moon of ten cold
(days)," from ga´kiñ, gyät'o´, and p'a;
the first moon of the Kiowa year,
comprising parts of September and
October (see page [368]).
Gañhi´ña P'a—"real, or principal, goose
moon," from gañ, hiñ, and p'a; a
Kiowa moon or month, including parts
of December and January (see the
[calendar]).
Gañ´ta p'a—Double-mountain fork of
Brazos river, Texas; literally, "Trading
river," from degañ´ta and p'a. The
name may have originated from the
fact that a trail, by which the Indians
passed around or across the Staked plain
to New Mexico, ran along the stream.
gi—(1) meat, flesh; (2) abbreviation of
giñ´agya or gi´ñde, q. v.
gi´ădal, gyä`-gi´ădal—to dwell; he dwells.
Gi´ădede´te—"He-faces-the-line" (as of
soldiers), from gi´atiäpa´ntă, "I face
the line;" a Kiowa warrior killed in
Mexico in 1843—44.
Gi´agu´ădălta´go—Indians; literally,
"people of red flesh," from gi, gu´ădal,
and go.
gi´ägyä—battle, coup; I am fighting,
depai´gop; I strike in battle, gyä`gi´ägop.
gi´ăka´-i—"back hide," from gi´apa´iñgya
and ka-i, a piece of rawhide worn
over the shoulders by women to protect
the back when carrying wood or
other burdens; sometimes called gi´gyäka´-i.
Gi´ăka´-ite—"Back-hide," from gi´ăka´-i
and te; an oil man who was abandoned
to die in the winter of 1859—60.
gi´ăni—long, tall, as a tree, tipi pole, etc;
for things not usually erect (fence,
string, pencil, etc) and for man, the
common word is gyu´ñi.
Go´ho—" Kick," from gyä´ango´p; a Mexican
captive and Florida prisoner in
1875.
go´m-â´dal-hâ´ñgya—"back hair metal,"
from go´mtä, âdal, and hâ´ñgya; a strap
or strip of red cloth ornamented with
silver disks, worn pendent behind
from the scalplock. Cf. â´dalhâ´ñgya.
Go´mgyä dan—"wind canyon;" a canyon
pass at the extreme head of Double-mountain
fork of Brazos river, Texas.
go´mtä—back (of the body); in composition,
gom. Cf. gi´apa´-iñgya.
Goñk`o´ñ (Apache)—an Apache chief and
delegate to Washington in 1894, commonly
known as Apache John.
gu´a-da´gya—the "travel song," sung by
a war party on setting out (see Winter
[1862—63]). The literal meaning may be
"wolf song," i. e., gu´i-da´gya. "Just
before a war party sets out, its members
get together and sing the 'peeling
a stick song,' which is a wolf
song; also, if a person is hungry and
sings a wolf song he is likely to find
food. Men going on a hunting trip
sing these songs, which bring them
good luck."—Grinnell, Blackfeet, 2.
gu´ădal—red; it is practically a synonym
for "paint," red being the favorite
and most sacred color with all
Indian tribes. It is red, it is painted,
gu´ădaldă´. Cf. gyä`gu´ătda´,
Gu´ădal do´ha´—"red bluff;" a bluff on
the north side of the South Canadian,
about the mouth of Mustang creek,
and a few miles above Adobe Walls,
in the panhandle of Texas. A principal
trail crossed there and a trading
post was established there by William
Bent in 1843—44. It was here that
Carson had his fight with the Kiowa
in 1864. Cf. Sä´k`odal Gu´ădal Do´ha´.
Gu´ădal k`op—(1) "red mountain;" a
small mountain near Eagle-heart's
camp, upper Rainy-mountain creek, on
the reservation. (2) A mountain in
Colorado described as being north of
Arkansas river, a short distance above
the river of Colorado Springs, and on
an extreme northern head branch of
the Arkansas. This description would
seem to make it Pike's Peak, the most
prominent peak of that region, but
the statement of direction may be
an error for Red mountain, southward
from the Arkansas, and southwest of
Pueblo.
Gu´ădal p'a—"red river;" (1) the South
Canadian; (2) Big Wichita river,
Texas.
Gu´ădalka´pä—"paint (red) is there;" a
rocky bank eastward from Se´t-ĭmki´a's
camp on Äda´n p'a, from which the
Kiowa procure a red mineral paint.
Guadal-k`udal-dee p'a—"paint-is-there
creek;" Clay creek, a southern tributary
of the Arkansas, in Colorado; so called
on account of the abundance there
of clay paint. Also sometimes called
Yädaldä p'a, "Hill creek," on account
of the Two Buttes near its head.
Gu´ădaloñ´te—"Painted-red," a Kiowa
leader about 1839. The name implies
that he had red paint upon his body,
face, or hair, from gu´ădal, paint, or
red; gu´ădaldă´, it is red or painted.
Gu´ădaltse´yu—"Red-pet," or "Little-red," from
gu´ădal and -tse´yu, a noted race-horse stolen by an
escaping Pawnee prisoner in 1852—53.
gu´ak`o—yellow.
gu´ăn, gu´ănkya—dance; I dance, degu´ănmo.
Cf. guntä and gun.
Gu´a´na—Quanah Parker; the Kiowa
form of his Comanche name Kwäna or
Kwaina, "fragrant." He is a half-blood,
the head chief of the Comanche,
being the son of a Comanche chief by
a captive white woman, Cynthia
Parker (see the following).
Gu´a´na-de-`ta´ho—Adobe Walls, on the north side of the South
Canadian, just west of 101°, in the panhandle of Texas. The name
signifies "where Quanah led his confederates," i. e., "Quanah's
battle ground," alluding to the noted battle there in June, 1874 (see
page [203]).
gu´ăto´hiñ—eagle; literally, "principal
bird," from gu´ăto and -hiñ.
Gu´ătoi p'a—"small bird creek" (not Gu´ăto´hiñ p'a,
"eagle creek"), from gu´ăto and -i; a stream somewhere
southwestward from Double mountain, Texas, near the old California
emigrant trail (Ho´an-t'a`ka´-i).
Gu´ăto-ko´ñkya—"Black-bird;" a Kiowa
signer of the treaty of 1867, where the
name appears as "Wa-toh-konk, or
Black Eagle."
Gu´ăto-ze´dalbe—"Dangerous-eagle;" a
Kiowa chief about 1876, brother of
Big-tree. Although the name is really
"dangerous bird," the guăto is understood
to be here an abbreviated form
in composition of gu´ăto´hiñ.
gu´i—wolf (generic); the gray wolf is
gui-t'ai´ñmo, from t'aiñ, "white;" the
coyote is sometimes distinguished as
gui ma´ñtoñ-tso´ñi, "sharp-nose wolf."
Gui p'a—"wolf creek;" Wolf creek,
upper branch of North Canadian,
Oklahoma.
Gu´i-bada´i—"Appearing-wolf," or
"Wolf-coming-in-sight," from gu´i and
badai´; a Kiowa warrior in 1873.
Gu´i-bo´tte—"Wolf-stomach," from gu´i,
bot, and te; a Kiowa warrior in 1875;
died while a prisoner in Florida.
Gu´igyä´ p'a—"Pawnee river," from
Gu´igyä´ko and p'a. A river, probably
the Kansas (Kaw) or one of its
branches, the Smoky-hill, Saline, Solomon,
or Republican, described as between
the Arkansas and the Platte, but
not tributary to either (see Summer
[1834]).
Gu´igyä´ko—Pawnee; literally, "wolf
people," from gu´i and k`i´ägo or gyäko;
sometimes called Doma´ñk`i´ägo, "walking
people," from, dom, ——, and k`i´ägo.
Sign: Two fingers erect and forward
at right side of head—i. e., "horns" or
"ears;" then index finger turned and
thrown out to front—i. e., "man" (see
Summer [1833], Winter [1849—50]).
Gu´i-k`a´te—-"Wolf-lying-down," from
gu´i, äk`a´ and te; (1) a Kiowa warrior
killed by the Cheyenne in 1838; (2) a
Kiowa delegate to Washington in 1872;
his name has been rendered "Sleeping-wolf."
Gu´i-k`o´dal-te p'a—"Wolf-necklace's
river;" a branch of White river, of
the Brazos, Texas; so called from a
Comanche known to the Kiowa as
Wolf-necklace (or Wolf-neck?).
Gu´i-koñ´kya—"Black-wolf;" a Kiowa
warrior killed by American traders in
1832—33.
Gu´i-pä´go—"Lone-wolf." (1) A principal
Kiowa chief, leader of the hostile
element in 1874; sent as prisoner to
Florida at the close of the outbreak.
(2) His adopted son, namesake, and successor,
and present head chief of the
tribe.
guñ—horn.
Gunpä´ñdamä—"medicine-tied-to-tipi-pole;"
a Kiowa girl captured by the
Osage and returned to her friends
by the dragoons in 1834. Catlin,
who painted her picture, calls her
"Wun-pan-to-mee, the white weasel."
Gu´npä´ñda´-i is the owner's "medicine,"
or protecting talisman, usually
kept in a bag or pouch tied inside the
tipi and just above the junction of the
bed curtain to that one of the three
principal poles which stands nearly
opposite the entrance. The Cheyenne
sometimes hang it outside, near the
door. The word is compounded from
guntä, tipi pole, da´-i, medicine, and
pä, the root of the verb gyäpä´-imo, I
tie. The suffix -mä makes it a feminine
name. The medicine, as also the
tipi pole to which it is attached, are
also called komtä´ga or komtă̈´-gu´n-da.
In this case the medicine may have
been inclosed in a bag made of white
ermine skin. The three principal tipi
poles tied together are called gunpä
(gun and pä); the Comanche tipi has
four principal poles.
Guñsa´dalte—"Horned" or "Having-horns,"
from guñ, sadal, and te, perhaps
from his having some time worn
a ceremonial cap with buffalo horns.
A Kiowa warrior, still living, who
acted as Kiowa interpreter at the
treaty of 1867. Sometimes also known
as Bä´o, "Cat."
guñse´to—lance, spear; an old form used
in personal names is pi´ătañ´ga, from
pi´a´ta´`ga, "he stabs with a spear."
guntä—tipi pole; plural, gun. Tipi
poles are made preferably of cedar, on
account of its durability and freedom
from liability to warp; they are sometimes
made of cottonwood. Twenty is
the average estimate to a tipi, besides
the two outside poles. Cf. gu´ăn, dance.
Gwa´hale p'a—"Kwahadi creek;" West
Cache creek on the reservation. From
the fact that Chief Quanah lives upon
it, it is sometimes called Gu´a´na-de
p'a, "Quanah's creek."
Gwa´hale´go—(1) Kwahadi Comanche, the
westernmost and most warlike portion
of the tribe, formerly ranging principally
about the Staked plain, under
the immediate leadership of Quanah,
present head chief of the whole tribe;
the Comanche word is said to signify
"antelopes," and the Kiowa name is a
corruption from it. (2) Another name
for the T'ok`i´ñähyup, q. v.
-gyă—a locative suffix equivalent to "at"
or "in." Cf. gyä-.
gyä- —an assertive prefix with verbs and
adjectives. Cf. -gyă.
gyä´ango´p—I kick.
gyäbo´nse—it stinks.
gyädâ´mo—I make, I do. Cf. âm, âmo.
gyädo´—I have it. Cf. gyät'o´ and kyä`to´.
gyä´`gan—they brought it; I bring it,
gyä´`ga´n; they brought it, gyä´`gan or
ä´`gan.
gyä'gu´ătda´—I paint, draw, write,
tattoo, make a picture; gu´ătgya, picture;
gu´ădaldă´, it is painted, it is red.
Gyai´-kao´dal—"Comanche cache," from
Gyai´`ko and kao´dal; the vicinity of a
spring in the mountains of northern
Coahuila, Mexico, one day's journey
south of the Rio Grande and probably
one of the "tinajas;" a Comanche rendezvous
in their raids into northeastern
Mexico.
Gyai´`ko—Comanche; "enemies;" singular,
Gyaik`i, Gyai´mä, from nyägyai´to.
This name "Enemies," is the common
Kiowa name for the Comanche, now
their close allies (see page [162]et passim).
Other Kiowa names for them are
(1) Sänko, now obsolete, probably signifying
"snakes," from sä´ne, snake;
(2) P'o´dalk`i´ägo, or P'o´dalgyä´ko,
"reptile people," from p'odal and k`i´ägo.
This last name is probably a substitute
for the previous term Sänko, on the
occasion of the death of some person
of somewhat similar name. The early
French explorers called them Pa´douca,
from their common designation among
the Dakota, Osage, and cognate tribes.
It may possibly be derived from
Pe´nätĕ´ka, the name of the easternmost
division of the Comanche.
Sign: "Wavy motion, as of a snake,
made from front to back with the
right forefinger. Cf. Shoshoni sign
under So´ndo´ta.
Gya´i`koañ´te—"He-likes-(or rejoices
in)-enemies," or "He-likes-the-Comanche"
(the Kiowa name for Comanche
signifies "enemy"—see preceding),
from gyai`ko and eoñ´ti; a Kiowa warrior
killed by the Äläho´, q. v., in
1854—55.
Gyai´-yä´daldä—"Comanche hill;" a hill
at the head of Deer creek, a southern
tributary of the South Canadian, in D
county, Oklahoma.
Gyai´-yä´daldä p'a—Deer creek, in D
county, Oklahoma; literally, "Comanche-hill
river" (see preceding).
gyäk`a´ta—I bite, I bite off a piece; gyäzo´ñte,
I hold it with my teeth.
gyäko´dal—they left them behind (implying
rolled or wrapped up, said
usually only of things to be rolled
or packed up); gyäko´da, I leave it
wrapped or rolled up; do´ gyäko´dal,
they left their tipis rolled up or packed
away (the verb shows they were not
left standing); bä`ko´, leave it there,
put it there. Cf. kao´dal and odal.
gyäku´atda—I take it out (as from a box,
pocket, or fastening). Cf. K`u´ato.
gyä`pa´bă—I bring him; he brought him,
pa`ga´ni; he brought them, e´`pa`ga´ni.
gyäpä´-imo—I tie. Cf. ä´opäñ.
gyäpä´-iñgya—dawn.
gyäpa´ta—it is sprouting. Cf. gyäk`i´ädă
and giä`pa´to.
gyä`pa´to—I eat. Cf. piä and gyäpa´ta.
gyäpä´to—I sharpen; k`a-pä´ti, whetstone;
K`a´-pä´top, "knife-whetters,"
i. e., Apache.
gyä`pe´to—I am afraid, I am frightened;
pe´to´, he is afraid; gyäpe´to, they are
afraid; e´`pea, they are afraid of him;
etpe´, they were afraid.
gyätä´da—they were surrounded; we are
surrounding him, egi´ătä´da. Cf. gyätä´`da.
gyätä´`da—I cut; root, in composition,
tä, as ä´-tä´, sawmill; so´n-tä´, mowing
machine.
gyät'o´—(it is) cold; I am cold, äka´hem.
Cf. gyädo´ and kyä´`to´.
gyäze´mä—they (inanimate) move about;
to´yă, it moves about; äto´yă, I move
about.
gyu´ñhä´te—very (?) tall or long; an intensive
form of gyu´ñi, q. v.
gyu´ñi—long. Cf. gi´ăni, gyu´ñhä´te, and
kyu´ñi.
haa´-ipai´-degi—O sun! But you, O sun!
pai, sun. Cf. hado´mga´gi (see the song
of the Kâitse´ñko, Summer 1871).
habä´—sloping, one-sided.
hado´mga´gi—O earth! But you, O earth!
dom, earth. Cf. haa´-ipai´degi (see the
song of the Kâitseñ´ko, Summer 1871).
Hâñ´do´ti—"Iron-moccasin," from
háñgya and doti; the Kiowa name of an
Apache signer of the treaty of 1837;
called in the treaty "Hen-ton-te, the
iron shoe."
hâ´ñgya—metal, particularly iron; in
composition hañ; iron or steel, hâ´ñgya;
tin, hañ-t'aiñ, "white metal;" lead,
hañ´-ze´bat, "arrow, i. e., bullet
metal;" copper and brass, hâñ-gu´ak`o,
"yellow metal;" gold, â´dalhâ´ñgu´adal,
"red money," or "red hair
metal" (see [â´dalhâ´ñgya]); silver, â´dalhâ´ñ-t'ai´ñ,
"white money;" German
silver, hâñ-kope´dal, "flat metal," because
bought in sheets).
hâñ´-t'aiñ´—tin; literally, "white
metal;" sometimes improperly used
for â´dalhâñ-t'ai´ñ, silver.
Hâñ´t'aiñ-k`a´—"Tin-knife," from hânt'aiñ
and k`a; the Kiowa name of a
Comanche warrior killed in 1860;
sometimes improperly rendered "Silver-knife."
Hâ´ñtäk`i´a—"Spectacle-man," literally
"Metal-eye-man," from hâñgya, tä, and
k`ia; Captain H. L. Scott, Seventh
Cavalry, formerly commander of the
Kiowa troop.
hâ´ñ-t'o´gyä—cuirass; literally, "metal
shirt;" sometimes also called k`a´t'o´gyä,
"knife shirt."
Hâñtso p'a—"Cannonball River;" a
river in Kansas; so called on account
of an abundance of iron nodules in
its vicinity; a branch of Kansas river,
probably the Solomon; perhaps the
Republican river.
Hâ´ñzephó`da—"Kills-with-a-gun,"
from hâ´nze´pko and gyäho´taldă. (Cf.
eho´tal); a Kiowa warrior who died in
1863—64.
hâ´ñze´pko—gun; literally, "iron bow,"
from hâ´ñgya and zepko.
hem—he died; I am dead (?), ähe´m; he
is dead, hem; he will die, hi´ñată´ (a
different word).
heñ- —without, less, in composition.
Cf. Tso´dal-he´ñte, Toñheñ-t'a`ka´-i-dombe;
he´ñgyäto´, there is none; heñ´yäto´, I
have none.
Heno´ñko—Hidatsa, Minitarí, or Grosventres
of the Missouri; singular,
Heno´ñk`ia, Heno´ñmä. The word, of
which the root is Heno´ñ, has no meaning
in the Kiowa language and may
be derived from Herantsa, another form
of Hidatsa. The name Minitarí is of
Siouan origin, and signifies "water
crossers," or "water people."
Hen-ton-te—see Hâñdo´ti.
He-pan-ni-gais—"He-pan-ni-gais, the
Night," the name of a Kiowa signer
of the treaty of 1837, as it appears on
the treaty. The form seems to contain
the word pän, cloud or sky.
hi´ădăl—a creek-like depression, or shallow
valley, but without water.
Hi´ădăl-gyu´ñhä´te p'a—Devil or San
Pedro river, Texas, joining the Rio
Grande below the Pecos; literally,
"long valley river." Described as
flowing with a noisy current and
having very large fish. A war trail
into Mexico crossed near there.
-hiñ—principal, real, a suffix; as ä´hiñ,
cottonwood, literally "principal tree;"
gu´ato´hiñ, eagle, literally "principal
bird."
hi´tugŭ´!—wait!—abbreviated hitŭ´!
ho—the root of the verb äho´ä, "I
travel;" ho´an, a road; ho´gyă, moving,
to or from a destination; hop,
emigrants; tsä´hop, immigrants.
ho´an—road, trail. Cf. ho and hop.
Ho´an-t'a`ka´-i—"white man's road;"
the main emigrant road, formerly running
through southwestern Texas to
California.
hodal or ho´dălda—sickness; I am sick,
äho´dalda.
hop—emigrants; people moving off with
their household goods, etc; tsähop,
immigrants; people moving in this
direction with their household goods.
Cf. ho; kotä´dalhop.
Ho´tgyäsĭ´m p'a—Saline river (?), Kansas.
how—the universal Indian "yes," or expression
of assent, as commonly written
by English authors. The Kiowa
"yes" is ho or hâ.
Howi´a (Comanche)—a Comanche signer
of the treaty of 1867, whose name
appears on the treaty as "Ho-we-ar,
or Gap in the woods."
i—child, offspring, in composition; it
also conveys the idea of "small," as
gu´ato´i, small bird; plural -yu´i, as
Si´ndiyu´i, Ä´dalto´yu´i. Cf. e.
Iâm guan—"Adoption dance," from i,
âm, and guan; an intertribal dance
with a ceremonial adoption of children
(see "Winter [1889—90]).
I´ăpa—"Baby," from i´ăpa´gya; a Kiowa
warrior in 1876—77.
i´ăpa´gya—baby.
I´ătä k`op—"Ute mountain;" the Rocky
mountains of Colorado and New Mexico,
so called because occupied by the
Ute. Cf. I´ătä´go. The Kiowa call the
mountains about the heads of the Yellowstone
and Missouri rivers Gâi k`op,
"Kiowa mountains," and the Sierra
Madre of Mexico K`ob-e´tă, "Great
mountain."
I´ătä´go—Ute; from Yuta, one form of the
name used by the Ute to designate
themselves; in the Kiowa word go is
the tribal suffix. They are also sometimes
called K`opk`i´ägo, "mountain
people," from k`op and k`i´ägo; and are
probably identical with the Ko´ñk`i´ägo,
"black people," said by one informant
to be the Crow. The ordinary name
and sign for the Ute among most of
the plains tribes denotes "black people;"
the Kiowa usually designate
them by the sign for "mountain people,"
made by combining the signs for
"climbing" and "man."
I´ătäk`i´a—"Ute-man," from I´ătä and
k`ia; a Ute captive among the Kiowa,
who died in 1892.
Ĭ´masä´nmot—"Grinner," from ĭmto´nomo,
"he grins;" the Kiowa name for
agent George D. Day, 1891—93.
ĭmda´do´a´—they played the medicine
do´a´ game; from da´-i and do´a´. Cf.
do´a´.
ĭmdo´hä´pa´—they attacked the camp;
from ĭmhä´pa´ and do, dota; I attack
him, gihä´pa´ (this form is used only
in ridicule, as the word implies a general
encounter); I attack them, dehä´pa´;
they (a few) attacked him or it,
ehä´pa´; they (a large number) attacked
him or it, ĭmhä´pa´; sole´go´mhä´pa´, the
soldiers attacked them.
ĭmka´gyä´gya—they are coming in triumph,
i. e., they are returning with
scalps; from ka´gyä.
ĭmk`o´daltä´—they cut off their heads; I
am cutting off his head, gyäk`o´daltä´dă´;
I have cut off his head, gyäk`o´daltä;
from k`odal and tä, the root of the verb
"to cut"; k`o´daltä´, beheading; o´tä´,
throat cutting, from tä, and osi, throat
(not neck); I am cutting his throat
(but not cutting off his head), gyäo´k`atemă;
I have cut his throat, gyäo´k`ate´m.
ĭmto´nomo—he grins; said also of a dog
showing his teeth.
i´ñhogo—now. Cf. i´ñhoti.
i´ñhoti—this. Cf. i´ñhogo.
I´sähä´bĭt (Comanche)—"Wolf-lying-down;"
a noted Comanche warrior,
commonly known to the whites as
Asahäbĭt. His Kiowa name is Gu´ik`a´te,
q. v.
Ĭ'sänä´năkă (Comanche)—"Hears- or
Understands-the-wolf;" a Comanche
signer of the treaty of 1867, upon
which his name appears as "Es-a-nanaca,
or Wolf's name." Cf. Tä´binä´năkă.
Ĭ´sätai (Comanche)—a Comanche medicine-man,
instigator of the outbreak
of 1874; still living. Commonly
known to the whites as Asatai´.
iyu´gu´—maggot.
iyu´gu´-e—rice; literally, "maggot
grains;" on account of a fancied resemblance.
Iyu´gu´a p'a—"maggot creek;" Traitor
and Sweetwater creeks, in the panhandle
of Texas, flowing into the
North fork of Red river. Battey
spells it Yoū´-guoo-ō-poh´, which he
renders "rice creek" from a misconception
of the word. The name originated
from the circumstance of a
hunting party having been compelled
to throw away there a quantity of flyblown
meat. Cf. Kato´de´ä p'a.
Iyu´gu´a P'a Sole´go—Fort Elliott, between
the two forks of the Sweetwater,
Traitor creek and Battery creek, in
the panhandle of Texas. The Kiowa
name literally means "Maggot creek
soldiers" (i. e., Soldier place). It is
sometimes known as Kato´de´ä P'a
Sole´go, from its vicinity to Battery
creek, Kato´de´ä p'a, q. v.
ka—robe of skin, buffalo robe; kata,
blanket.
k`a—(1) knife; gyäk`a´go, I cut; gyäk`a´tä´do,
I cut with a knife. (2) lying
down; I am lying down, äk`a´; he is
lying down, k`ă; lie down! bemă´!
Ka´äsä´nte—"Little-robe," from ka, sän,
and te; a Kiowa warrior, still living.
ka´bodal—left-handed. Cf. bodal and
t´a-bodal.
Ka´bo´dalte—"Left-hand;" the Kiowa
name of the trader John Adkins,
who, about 1863, was with William
Allison in the trading house at the
mouth of upper Walnut creek on the
Arkansas, in Kansas. Cf. Tso´dalhe´ñte.
K`adal p'a—Ree or Grand river, South
Dakota; literally, "Biter, i. e., Ree,
river." It is so called by most of the
plains tribes from the fact that the
Arikara formerly lived upon it. Cf.
K`at'a.
K`a´do´—medicine lodge, sun-dance lodge;
the sun dance; perhaps "wall house
or tipi," i. e., one built with sides or
walls, as distinguished from the ordinary
tipi, from k`a´ga and do. The
k`a´do´ or sun dance was the great annual
religious ceremony of the tribe
(see page [242]).
k`a´do´-do´—"k`a´do´ tipi," "sun-dance
tipi;" the tipi in which the sun-dance
priests made their preparations for
each, day's performance. It was erected
behind the k'ado or medicine lodge (see
plate LXX).
K`a´do´-gyä´`to´—Old-man-of-the-sun-dance;"
a Kiowa chief in 1841 (see
Winter [1841—42]).
K`a´do´ p'a—"sun-dance creek," "medicine
lodge creek;" Kiowa Medicine-lodge
creek, a southern tributary of the
North Canadian at the one-hundredth
meridian, Oklahoma. It was a favorite
place for the ceremony on account of
the abundance of suitable timber there.
Not to be confounded with Kiowa
creek just above it, or with Medicine-lodge
creek in southern Kansas.
Ka`do´liä p'a—Oak creek or Post-oak
creek, a small southern tributary of the
Washita, just above Rainy-mountain
creek, on the north line of the reservation;
formerly called Do`go´tä´ p'a, both
names signifying "oak creek," until
changed on account of the death of a
woman named Do`go´tä´, about six years
ago.
kadu (Hidatsa)—a season, as measured
by natural occurrences.
ka`gu´ăt—bud, literally "red shell or
rind," from kañi or ka-i and guăt or
gu´ădal.
Ka`gu´ăt P'a—"bud moon;" a Kiowa
moon or month comprising parts of
February and March.
Ka`gu´ăt P'a Sän—"little bud moon;"
a Kiowa moon or month comprising
parts of Janaary and February.
ka´gyä—a triumph or rejoicing over a
slain enemy. Cf. ĭmka´gyä´gya.
Ka-him-hi—"Ka-him-hi, the Prairie
Dog," a Kiowa signer of the treaty of
1837, as his name appears on the
treaty. The word for prairie-dog is
tsä̆; for dog, tse´ñhi.
ka´-i—hide (noun) of buffalo, deer, etc,
but not of panther, whose skin is
generally used for quivers; ka´-i, skin
of animals; ka´gya, human skin; ka´ñi,
shell or rind.
ka´-igihä´—compressed, flat; it is compressed.
Cf. ko´pedal.
k`a´-iko´n—(1) flint; (2) the central cap
of a cartridge.
K`a´-ikon p'a—"flint creek," so called
on account of the abundant flint rock
there; a northern, tributary of the
South Canadian, about 10 miles above
Adobe Walls, either Big Clear or Mustang
creek, in the panhandle of Texas.
ka´-ikonho´dal—dragonfly.
Ka´-ikonho´dal—"Dragonfly;" a Kiowa
boy frozen to death in the winter of
1890—91.
Ka´'-itâñ k`op—"Love-making mountain,"
a mountain in the angle formed
by Elm fork and North fork of Red
river, Greer county, Oklahoma; it takes
its name from the neighboring spring
of K`ioñ toñ or Ka´-itâñ toñ, q. v.
Kâ´itse´ñko—the principal one of the
six Kiowa military orders; the name
seems to mean "Kiowa horses," from
Gâ-i or Kâ-i and tseñ. Identical with the
"horse" and "big horse," military orders
of the Kiowa and Kiowa Apache,
respectively, as given by Clark (see
page [229] herein).
k`an—(1) Hard; cf. got. (2) Gripping,
squeezing. (3) A small red seed
berry, growing on thorny bushes in
rocky places, from Texas to the Arkansas
and northward. It has flowers and
is ripe in autumn and is eaten raw
or mashed with pemmican. Perhaps
the wild rose, which is thus eaten
by the northern plains tribes. The
name has now been transferred to the
tomato. Cf. k`a´nk`o´dal.
kâ´ñgya—name (noun), in composition
kâñ; what is his (its) name, hä´tso`kâ´ñ.
Cf. Da´tekâñ.
k`a´nki´ñ—land tortoise or box turtle;
literally, "hard shields," from k`an and
kiñ, plural of kyuñi. The Indians eat
them after roasting by throwing alive
into the fire. Cf. to´nak`a´.
K`a´nkiñ ton—"turtle spring;" a water
hole on the Staked plain, in western
Texas.
k`a´n-k`o´dal—"neck, i. e. necklace, k`an;"
the Sophora erythrina or coral bean,
called by the Mexicans frijolillo or
chilicote; a hard red berry about the
size of a small marble, used for necklaces
by the southern plains tribes.
The berries, contained in a pod, grow
upon a small thorny tree found in
Texas and the Sierra Madre of northern
Mexico. They possess powerful
poisonous or intoxicating properties.
Cf. k`an.
K`a´nk`o´dal p'a—"coral-bean river;" a
river somewhere southwest of Double
mountain, Texas, in the vicinity of the
old California emigrant road. So
called on account of the k`a´n-k`o´dal
(q. v.) bushes growing upon it.
K`añ´zole´go—a people, apparently a subtribe
of the Apache, formerly known
to the Kiowa and sometimes visiting
them. The meaning of the word is
doubtful.
ka´odal—a cache or deposit; gyäkao´dalk`u´ătă´,
"I am about to leave them
there." Cf. odal and gyäko´dal.
K apä´te—"Knife-whetter, whetstone;"
from k`a, gyäpä´to, and te; a Kiowa
chief who died about 1890. Cf. K`a-pä´ti´
and Ka´-pätop.
k`a-pä´ti—whetstone; from k`a and gyäpä´to.
K`apä´to—Osage; literally, "shaved
heads," in allusion to a custom, common
to them and some neighboring
tribes, of shaving all the hair from the
head except a crest or tuft at the top.
Catlin states that this custom was followed
only by the Osage, Kaw, Sauk
and Fox, Iowa, and Pawnee. I cut,
gyätä´`da; I shall cut your hair, ĭmk`apä´dăltă.
Cf. K`a´-pä´top. The Osage
are also sometimes called Ä´daltä´do,
"cut-hair people," from âdal and gyätä´`dä;
also Gusa´ko and now more
commonly Wasa´si, from their own
name of Washa´she or Osage. T'ebodal
says that they were formerly called
Ähyäto (q. v.) by the Kiowa, the name
now given to the southern Arapaho,
and that the name was changed on
account of a death. SIGN: Brushing or
clipping motion with the hand at the
side of the head, as though cutting off
the hair.
K`at'a—(1) Ree, Arikara; literally,
"biters," from gyäk`a´ta. (2) One of
the six divisions of the Kiowa tribe,
the Cut-off band of Clark, sometimes
distinguished as Gâ´i-K`at´a or "Kiowa
K`at´a;" singular, K`a´dalk`i´a, K a´dalmä.
SIGN: Motion of biting off or
twisting off something held in the
mouth, originally referring to the gnawing
of corn from a cob, the Arikara
being noted for the cultivation of corn.
kati—leggin. The Kiowa man's leggin
is separate from the moccasin. The
woman's leggin and moccasin form one
piece.
Ka´to´de´ä p'a—Battery creek, the upper
branch of Sweetwater creek, near Fort
Elliott, in the panhandle of Texas.
The name signifies "creek where the
buffalo robe was returned," from ka,
tode, and p'a. Cf. Iyu´gu´a p'a.
kigi´a—after (in time); kigi´a Daki´adă,
next week; literally, "after Sunday."
kiñ—shield, in composition. It is really
the plural form, as is usually the case
in proper name compounds. Cf. kyu´ñi.
k`iñ´ähi—man; plural k`iñähyup. Cf.
k`i´ägo.
K`i´ñähi´ate—"Man;" a Kiowa warrior
killed by Mexicans in 1836—37.
K`i´ñähi-pi´äko—Tonkawa; literally,
"man-eaters," from k`i´ñähi, piä or
pi´ängya, and ko; sometimes called
Ga´dalko´ko, "buffalo spies," from
ga´dal, äko´ä and ko. The Tonkawa,
originally from the lower Colorado, in
Texas, noted and hated among other
tribes for their cannibal practices,
lived for a time at Anadarko, in the
vicinity of the present Catholic mission
and on Tonkawa creek, where
they were surprised and nearly half
their number massacred by a combination
of neighboring tribes, October
25, 1862. Sign: "Cannibal," made by
combining the signs for man and
eating.
Ki´ñep—"Big shields," from kiñ, plural
of kyuñi, and ep a plural personal form
of et or edal; one of the six recognized
divisions of the Kiowa tribe, the
"shield" band of Clark (see page [228]).
k`i´oñ—love-making, courting; also
ka´-itâñ; the first form seems to contain
the root k`i, man.
K`i´oñ toñ—"Love-making spring," also
sometimes called Ka´-itâñ toñ; a spring
in a bend on the south side of the
North fork of Red river, near Mount
Walsh, in Greer county, Oklahoma;
so called because in the old times
when the Kiowa and Cheyenne used
to camp on the opposite side of the
stream, the women, as they crossed
over to the spring for water, were
followed by the young men bent on
courting.
Kĭ´tskûkatû´k (Wichita)—the Wichita
village, formerly on the north bank of
the North fork of Red river, about
half way between Elm fork and Elm
creek, on the reservation. The Wichita
say the Kichai occupied it jointly
with themselves. The name is rendered
by a chief of the Wichita "villages
on the side of a mountain," in
his testimony in the Greer county
dispute, where it is spelled Kates-ho-ko-tuck
(misprint h for k; see Summer
[1834]).
-ko, -go, -gua, -gwŭ—a tribal suffix.
K`ob´-ä´p'a—"Mountain-timber creek;"
San Francisco creek, a small tributary
of the North Canadian, between Palo
Duro and Beaver creeks, Oklahoma, so
called because the principal timber
upon it is of varieties usually growing
only in the mountains.
K`o´b-aka´n—"last mountain," from k`op
and aka´n; Mount Walsh, in Greer
county, Oklahoma. Cf. Tso´`kaka´n.
K`o´b-e´tă´—"great mountains," from k`op
and edal. (1) Mount Scott, northwest
of Fort Sill, on the reservation. (2)
The Sierra Madre of southern New
Mexico and of Chihuahua and Sonora
in Mexico. War parties of the Kiowa
and allied tribes formerly made these
mountains their headquarters for raiding
upon the adjoining portions of
Mexico.
K`ob-et'aiñ´mo—"white mountain,"
from k`op and taiñ (-mo makes it singular);
a mountain westward from the
head of Pecos river, New Mexico.
K`o´b-o´täbo—Mount Sheridan, northwest
of Fort Sill, on the reservation.
The name, suggested by the form of the
mountain, denotes a mountain resembling
a nose sticking out horizontally,
from k`op and o´täbo.
k`odal—neck; the throat or tracheal
portion is o´si, in composition o.
K`o´dal-aka´-i—(abbreviated, K`o´`laka´-i):
"Wrinkled-neck," a clerk of
William Bent, who established trading
posts on the South Canadian, in the
panhandle of Texas, in 1844—1846.
K`o´dal-gu´ădal—"Red-neck;" Agent
Captain J. Lee Hall, 1885—1887.
k`o´dali´ätoñ (or k`oli´äton)—a variety
of musselshell used for gorgets or
neck pendants, especially by the
Osage; from k`o´dal. The Kiowa have
no generic name for shell. A flint
arrowhead worn as a neck pendant by
Kiowa medicine-men is called Bo´-se´se,
"Bo arrow," from Bo, a mythic dwarf,
very strong.
K`o´dali´ätoñ p'a—(abbreviated, K`oli´ätoñ
p'a); (North) Platte river;
literally, "necklace-shell river," or
"gorget-shell river;" sometimes called
K`o´dalpä p'a, "necklace river," and
by misconception arising from its
proximity to the Dakota K`o´dalpäk`i´a
p'a, "Sioux river." According to
Clark, the Indians generally call it shell,
or shell-on-neck, river. The South
Platte is called Don p'a, "Fat river."
k`o´dalpä—necklace, gorget, breastplate;
from k`odal and pä, the root of gyäpä´imo.
K`o´dalpä p'a or K`o´dalpäk`i´a p'a—see
K`o´dali´ätoñ p'a.
K`o´dalpä-k`i´ägo—the Dakota; literally, "necklace people," from
k`o´dalpä and k`i´ägo. Probably a misconception of the tribal
sign, made by drawing the hand with a sweeping pass in front of the
throat, and commonly interpreted "Beheaders," from a former tribal
custom. "Beheaders" in Kiowa, would be K`o´daltä-k`i´ägo.
K`o´daltä k`op—"beheading mountain;" a low mountain on the head of
Otter creek, on the reservation, within two miles northwest from
Saddle mountain (Ta´-k`op) and about 25 miles northwest from Fort
Sill. The massacre from which it takes its name occurred on the west
side (see Summer [1833]).
ko`ga´-i—elk. Elk have been seen in the Wichita mountains within
twenty-five years.
Ko`ga´-i p'a—"elk creek." (1) Red-deer creek, a southern tributary
of the South Canadian in the Texas panhandle. (2) Former name of Elk
creek, now Donä´i p'a.
Ko`gu´i—"Elk," an archaic or ceremonial form; one of the six
recognized divisions of the Kiowa tribe, the "Elk" band of Clark (see
page [228]).
k`oli´ätoñ—abbreviated form of k`o´dali´ätoñ, q. v.
Ko´mpabi´ănta—"Big tipi flaps," from kompa´ka and bi´ănta; an
old name sometimes used by the Kiowa for themselves, for which no
satisfactory reason is assigned. Another form is Kompa´go,
"tipi-flap people," from kompa´ka and go.
Komtä´ga or Komtă̈´-gun-da—the tipi medicine and the pole to
which it is tied (see [Gunpä´ñdamä]).
Ko´ñabiñ´ate—"Black-tripe," from koñkya, abi´ñ, and te;
abbreviated Koñ´ate; a Kiowa warrior, hero of a noted adventure
(see Summer [1857]). Afterward called Pa´-ta´dal, q. v.
ko´ñaka´n—one issue period of two weeks; literally, "end, or series,
of nights," from koñkya and aka´n. Cf. koñtä´kia.
Koñ´-do´ha´—"black bluff," from koñkya and do´ha´; a bluff in
the vicinity of the head of Cimarron river, in southeastern Colorado
or the adjoining part of New Mexico.
koñ (-kya)—black, dark, one night in time measure of journeys; in
composition koñ. One night, two nights, etc, pägo koñ, yi´a
koñ, etc; koñ´kya, black; ko´ñkyädă´, it is black; ko´ñkyäoñ,
he is black (as a negro); koñguat, black paint.
Ko´ñkyäo´ñko or Ko´ñkyäo´ñ-t'a`ka´-i—"Negroes; literally, "black
people," or "people with black upon them," from koñkya, oñ, and
-ko; singular Ko´ñkyäo´ñk`i´a. Cf. Gu´ădalo´ñte. Also sometimes
called Ko´ñkyäo´ñ-t'a`ka´-i, "black white men."
Koñpä´te—-"Blackens-himself," or "Makes-himself-black," from
koñkya, black, deko´ñpäka´, I blacken myself; a Kiowa warrior
killed by soldiers in 1871.
ko´nsenä´—turned up (?).
koñtä´kia—a week; literally, middle of
(issue) nights; also pä´go Daki´ada,
i. e., "one Sunday." Cf. ko´ñaka´n.
Koñtä´lyui—"Black boys," from koñ´kya
and t´älyi´; one of the six recognized
divisions of the Kiowa tribe;
also called Si´ndiyu´i, "Sindi's children,"
from Sindi and i; the "Black"
band of Clark (see page [228]).
Koñyä´daldä—"black hill," from koñkya
and yä´daldä; probably identical with
the Blue hills in northern Kansas.
Described as between Pe p'a (Smoky-hill
river) and Hâñtso p'a (Solomon
fork?). (See Summers 1854 and 1860).
Koñyä´daldä p'a—"black-hill river;" a
stream in the neighborhood of Koñyä´daldä,
q. v., Kansas (see 1852).
K`optai´de-do´-tse´dalte—Signal mountain,
west of Fort Sill, on the reservation;
literally, "mountain with a house
situated upon it," from k`op, tai´-de,
do´, and tse´dalte. Also called Pi´ăya-do-tse´dalte,
"house upon the summit,"
from pi´ăya, do´, and tse´dalte. Both
names, as well as the English name,
refer to the military lookout or signal
station built upon it in 1871 and still
remaining.
K`o´p-t'a`ka´-i—New Mexicans, sometimes
used for Mexicans generally; literally,
"mountain, whites," from k`op and
t'a`ka´-i. Cf. Ä-t'a`ka´-i, Toñ´he´ñ-t'a`ka´-i,
Tso´-`t'a`ka´-i.
K`o´p-t'a`ka´-i p'a—Delaware creek, a
south tributary of the Washita, on
the reservation, about 4 miles below
Anadarko; literally, "Mexican creek,"
because a number of Mexicans with Indian
wives now live there. It probably
had an older name.
kotä´dal—(or kotä´l); wheel; figuratively,
a wagon.
kotä´dalhop—freighters; from kotä´dal
and hop.
Kotä´dalhop-gi´atäda´e—"where they
surrounded the freighters," from kotä´dalhop
and gyätä´dă; the battlefield of
September 8, 1874, on the north side of
the Washita, near Fort Elliott, in the
Texas panhandle.
Kots-a-to-ah—"Kots-a-to-ah, The
smoked shield," the name of a gigantic
Kiowa warrior and runner, as given
by Catlin, who painted his picture in
1834. The name or translation can not
be identified in Kiowa. It appears to
be a Comanche form containing the
word ko´tso, buffalo. Horace P. Jones,
interpreter at Fort Sill, is called by the
Comanches Ko´tso-natu´ă, "Buffalo-calf."
K`u´ato—a Kiowa division, speaking a
peculiar dialect, exterminated by the
Dakota about 1770 (see pages [157] and
[229]). The word signifies "pulling out"
or "pulling up," as a knife from a
pocket, a nail from a board, etc, from
gyäku´atda.
Kwu´`da—"coming out," "going out;"
an old name for the Kiowa tribe (see
[Kiowa synonymy]).
kyähi´ñ(-aga)—tomorrow, abbreviated
kyähi´ñ; kyähi´n ki´äsa´, shortly before
noon.
kyai´`guan—deer; literally, "jumper,"
from dekya´i`gu´anmo, I jump; other
names are t'äp and tañ´gia, q. v.
kyäka´n—after; literally, "at the end,"
from aka´n, q. v.; applied also to the
final part of a song, etc; Tä´dalkop
Kyäka´n K`a´do´, "sun dance after the
smallpox;" nyä´kyäka´n, it is gone,
i. e., it can not be helped.
kyä´`to´—old man, plural kyä´`tadă´.
Since the recent death of a boy
named Kyä´`to´ this word is not used,
and they say instead e´dalk`i´a, plural
e´dalkyai´; literally, "great man,"
from edal and k`ia. Cf. gyät'o´ and
gyädo´.
Kyä`tse´hä—"Short-old-man," from
kyä´`to´, tse´, and hä (?). (See the following.)
Kyä`tse´hä-de p'a—"Short-old-man's
creek;" the extreme head of Cache
(Bluff) creek, near Eagle-heart's place,
on the reservation; so called from a
man named Kyä`tse´hä, who formerly
lived there.
kyu´ñi—shield; kiñ in plural and in
composition. Cf. gyuñi.
lĕ´tskukĭ (Pawnee)—autumn.
li´ŭt (Pawnee)—summer.
-mä—a feminine suffix, from mä´ñyi´; as
Semätmä, "Apache woman," tseñ´mä, a
mare.
Mamä´nte—"walking-above," otherwise
known as Dahä´te, "medicine-man,"
from dahä and te; a Kiowa warrior in
1875, who died a prisoner in Florida.
Cf. Set´män´te.
mândă´—arm; they sometimes say tso´dal,
literally "wing;" mânga´ i, lower arm;
mâ´nte´m, "arm bone," elbow.
Mân´gomhe´ñte—"No-index-finger;" the
Kiowa name of General R. S. Mackenzie,
commanding at Fort Sill in 1874;
so called from his having lost his
right (?) index finger. The same name
was also applied to Thomas Gaboon, a
peace commissioner among the Kiowa
in 1873. Battey spells the word
Mone-kome-haint. Mackenzie was
sometimes also called Kĭ´nzi, a corruption
of his proper name, and the
same name is now given to a Mexican
captive crippled in the same way.
Mâ´nka-gu´ădal—"Red-sleeve," the
Kiowa name of a Comanche chief
killed in Kansas in 1847. His Comanche
name is said to have been
Ĭ´kämo´să.
Mâ´nka-gu´ădal-de p'a—Pawnee fork
(see [Ai´koñ p'a)].
Mâ´nka-gu´ădal-de P'a´gya Yä´`pähe
gi´adal-de´e´—"where the soldiers live
on Red Sleeve's river;" Fort Larned,
Kansas (see also [Aikoñ P'a Sole´go]).
Ma´ñkope´dal—"Flat-nose," from mak`o´n
and kopedal; a Kiowa warrior and
Florida prisoner in 1875.
Manrhoet or Manrhout—Kiowa?
A tribe mentioned by La Salle in 1682
in connection with the Kiowa Apache
(see pages [157] and [248]).
ma´ñsă´—crow; the old name is gaa´.
Cf. mă´să´.
Mañ´taha´k`ia—"Hook-nose-man, High-nose-man,
i. e., Roman-nose," from
mak`o´n, taha´, and k`ia. (1) The Kiowa
name of William Bent, the noted
trader and proprietor of Bent's Fort.
(2) Another name for William Madison,
Se´npo-ze´dalbe, q. v.
mä´ñyi´—woman; in composition as a
suffix, mä.
Mä´ñyi´-te´n—"Woman-heart;" a noted
Kiowa chief about 1865—1875. On the
treaty of 1867 his name appears as
"Ma-ye-tin."
Ma´p´o´dal—"Split-nose," from mak`o´n
and p'o´dal; the Kiowa name of a cattleman
living in 1883 on the Washita
above Rainy-mountain creek.
mă´să´—six. Cf. ma´ñsă´ (crow) and pä´go.
Măsa´te—"Six;" a Kiowa young man in
1881, so called for having six toes on
each foot. His brother, Bo´he´, q. v.,
is said to have six fingers on each hand.
Ma´se´p—Caddo; literally, "pierced
nose," from mak`o´n and sep. Sign:
Index finger pushed across below the
nose, to indicate the former custom of
boring the nose for pendants.
Masko´ki—Creek (Indians); an adoption
of the name used by themselves.
Mäsu´ără—Missouri; described by the
Kiowa as friends of the Pawnee, but
enemies of most other tribes.
mayi´agyă´—cramp, cholera. Used alone
the word denotes a sudden cramp,
not necessarily a regular sickness or
disease, but with the addition of the
word for sickness it denotes the cholera,
as mayi´agyă´ hodlo´mkya, "he is sick
with cramp," or "he has the cramp
sickness," i. e., he has cholera. I
am sick, äho´dalda; I have cramp,
ä´mayi´agyă.
Mo´tsätse´—"Muchacho" (Spanish, boy);
a Kiowa boy frozen to death in the
winter of 1890—91; also the name of a
Kiowa man still living. Both derive
their Spanish names from the fact of
being of Mexican captive origin.
Mûtsi´ănă-täni´u (Cheyenne)—the Cheyenne
name for the Kiowa Apache (see
Tagu´i and [Kiowa Apache synonymy].
o´ba-ikă´—-you endure, you remain forever,
you are always there. From the
song of the Kâ´itse´ñko (see Summer
[1871]).
odal—to carry, or a thing for carrying,
as a box, bag, etc; odal gyädäbo, I carry
a box or bag; o´dalpä, to carry a package
(pä, to tie) of meat (on the saddle
or back). Cf. kao´dal and gyäko´dal.
Oñ´guă p'a—(1) another name for Donä´i
p'a (Elk creek), q. v. (2) (North)
Concho river(?), Chihuahua; "pecan
river," so called from the abundance
of pecan trees on it. A trail led from
it across to the Pecos.
onhä´te—bear. Cf. set.
O´nhono´ñ p'a—Little Washita river, on
the reservation. This is the present
Comanche name, which has been
adopted by the Kiowa. They formerly
called it Pi´ălai´bo-de p'a, from
Pi´ărai´bo, "Big-white-man," the Comanche
name of interpreter E. L.
Clarke, who used to live upon it and
from whom the Comanche called the
river (Pi´ărai´bo hono).
O´nhono´ñko—The Comanche living
about Little Washita river. Cf.
O´nhono´ñ p'a.
O´nhono´ñ-yä´daldä—Kichai hills, on the
reservation; "O´nhono´ñko hill." Cf.
O´nhono´ñko. Sometimes also called
Gañe´tä, "there are hills." They have
no regular name, but the first is more
common.
o´päm-yai´po—"initiation rope," from
äo´pä (see [äo´päñ]) and yai´po; the sash
worn about the neck of a member of
the Kâ´itseñ´ko (see Summer [1846]).
o´päñ—initiation of the Kâ´itse´ñko, from
äo´päñ (see the preceding).
ora´rĕkaru (Pawnee)—spring (season).
o´täbo—the word refers to (a nose?)
"sticking up horizontally." Cf. K`o´b-o´täbo.
pa—(1) buffalo bull; (2) a male suffix,
as tañgi´apa´, buck deer; (3) fur, down,
fuzz; plural or collective, pa´dal;
downy, pa´gi, as pa´gi-älo´, "downy
plum," i. e., peach.
pa´—stupid, easy-going, quiet-tempered.
p'a—(1) moon or month; (2) river, creek,
stream; the distinctive word for
"creek" is ase, but it is seldom used.
Pa p'a—"Buffalo-bull creek;" (1) Buffalo
creek, a southern tributary of the
Cimarron, in Oklahoma; (2) a timberless
stream, described as a small northern
tributary(?) of the Cimarron, and
apparently Bear creek or Two-butte
creek, in southeastern Colorado.
Pa´-ä´ngya—"Sitting-bull," from pa and
ä´ngya; the Kiowa rendering of the
name of Hänä´chä-thi´ak, "Sitting-bull,"
the Arapaho apostle of the Ghost
dance, who inaugurated that ceremony
among the Kiowa in the fall of 1890.
Pa´-ä´ti—"Bull-entrails;" a Kiowa warrior
and Florida prisoner in 1875.
päbo—(1) An American horse (as distinguished
from the smaller Indian
or Mexican variety); plural, päbo´go;
the word literally indicates something
unusually tall or long-limbed; Cf. tseñ.
(2) A soldier's cap brim, a vizor.
P'a E´dal—"great river;" (1) Rio
Grande; (2) a great river beyond
K`o´b-e´tă´ (the southern Rocky mountains),
probably the Colorado of the
west.
P'a E´dal Sän—"little P'a E´dal;" Pecos
river, New Mexico.
P'a-Edal-T'a`ka´-i—"Rio Grande Mexicans;"
the Mexicans along the Rio
Grande, from about Laredo upward.
P'a-edal-T'a`ka´-igya—"Great river
white-man's place," from P'a Edal,
t'a`ka´-i, and gyă; Fort McIntosh, on the
lower Rio Grande, Texas; the Kiowa
seldom went below or east of this
point.
Pa´-ehe´mgo´`te—"Lame-bull;" special
agent W. H. Abell, so called on account
of his lameness and his rough manner.
pä´go or pä´nyi´—one, solitary, alone.
The first ten numerals are: pä´go, yi´a,
pä´o, yi´ä`gyä, o´nto, mă´să, pä´nse´, yä´`se,
ga´`se, ga´kiñ.
Pa´-gu´ak`o—"Yellow-bull;" a Kiowa
warrior mentioned in 1864 as having
been a delegate to Washington (see
page [177]).
pä´gun—to give by throwing away, as a
sacrifice of scalps, etc.
Pa´-guñhe´nte—"Hornless-bull," from
pa, guñ, keñ, and te. (1) A Kiowa warrior
in 1846. (2) Another, killed by the
Ute in 1868.
pai´gya—summer; abbreviated pai; a
plural form, pai´da, is also sometimes
used.
Pai´-k`op Toñ´tep—"sun-mountain
spring;" a noted spring and Indian
rendezvous upon a mountain or mesa,
about the southern border of the
Staked plain. Cf. the following (see
Summer [1857]).
Pai toñ—"sun spring;" a well spring
in the Staked plain, Texas, a journey of
about a day and a half southwest from
Double mountain, and flowing eastward.
So called because the basin is a round
hole in the rock. Cf. the preceding.
paiñ—dust, earth, dusty; it is dusty,
gyä-pai´ñyum.
Pai´ñ-do´ p'a—"earth-house river;" a
stream southwest from Double mountain,
Texas; so called from an adobe
house upon it. Cf. Tso´paiñ Do´.
Pa´-iñgya—"In-the-middle," from kopa´-iñgya;
a Kiowa prophet in 1888.
pai'ñyoñhä´—dusty. Cf. paiñ.
Pai´-tälyi´—"Sun-boy." (1) A Kiowa
chief who died in 1888; the name is
sometimes rendered "Son of the Sun,"
or "Sun's Son," and may refer to
(2) the Sun-boy hero, from whom is
derived the ´dalbea´hya, q. v.
pa´ki—thigh.
Pa´k`iägo—Sarsi; literally, "stupid people,"
from pa´ and ki´ägo; other possible
etymologies are "thigh people,"
from paki; or from Päki or Päki´ăni,
the Shoshoni name for the Blackfeet,
which in turn may be derived from
Pikŭ´nĭ, the proper name of the Piegan,
one of the Blackfoot divisions. The
Sarsi are a small tribe of Athapascan
stock, which separated about a hundred
years ago from the parent tribe, the
Beaver, on Peace river, British America,
and moved southward, establishing
themselves on the headwaters of
the North Saskatchewan, near Battleford,
about 53° north, under the
protection of the Blackfeet. They
are the northernmost tribe known to
the Kiowa, who remember them as
allied to the Blackfeet and as speaking
an Apache dialect. Several prominent
Kiowa are of Sarsi descent by former
intermarriage. Sign: Touching the
thigh in a sweeping pass with the
open right hand.
Paki´-gu´ădalkantă´—Brulé Sioux; "red-burnt thighs," from paki,
gu´ădal, and tsenka´n. Sign: Same as for Pa´k`iägo, followed by
sign for Sioux (K o´dalpäk`i´ägo).
Pa´-ko´ñkya—"Black-bull," a Kiowa warrior in 1873.
Päli—"Valdez" (?), a Mexican captive and Florida prisoner in 1875;
still living.
pä´ñgun or pä´ñgyä—a sacrificial offering, or offering "thrown away"
upon a hill to the sun; from päñ, the root of the verb "to give,"
and gun, the root of the verb "to throw away." I am sacrificing,
gyäpä´amda´; I have sacrificed, gyäpä´oñ or gyäpä´gun;
gyäda´tsaiâ´mo, I make or prepare a ceremonial other than sacrifice,
as K'a´do´ or Dä´-mä´tan-da´-i.
Päñ´gyägi´ate—"Sacrifice-man," from päñgyä and te; a Kiowa
warrior killed in Mexico in 1853—54.
Pao´ngya—autumn; the name refers to the thickening of the fur (pa)
of the buffalo; also called Ai´deñ-gyägu´ădalo´mgyä-i, time "when
the leaves are red," from ai´deñ. and gu´ădal.
Pä´riăse´amăn (Comanche)—"Ten-elks;"
a Comanche signer of the treaty of
1867, upon which the name appears as
"Parry-wah-say-men or Ten Bears."
Parry-wah-say-men (Comanche)—see
Pä´riăse´amăn.
Päsä´ngyä—The Staked plain, of Texas
and New Mexico; literally, "prairie
edge," or "prairie bluff," from pä´gyä,
and sä´ngya. The name properly refers
only to the bluff edge or escarpment of
the Staked plain, which itself is commonly
referred to simply as Pägyä or
Päya. "The prairie."
pa´sot—thunder. According to the belief
of the Kiowa and the plains tribes
generally, thunder is produced by a
large bird resembling the eagle.
Pa´sot-kyä`to´—General W. S. Hancock,
present at the treaty of 1867; literally,
"Old-man-of-the-thunder," from pa´sot
and kyä`to´; so called on account of
the eagles upon his shoulder straps,
emblematic of his rank, which were
thought by the Indians to symbolize
the thunder bird. The Kiowa say that
he was called by the whites Ga´nu´än
(General?).
Pä´sûñko or Pä´suñ-T'a`ka´-i—Mexicans
about El Paso on the Rio Grande;
from the Spanish Paseños.
pät, pätdo´—having low spreading
branches; from pät, an archaic word
for low spreading branches, and -do or
-dă´, a suffix implying having, it has,
or there is, from gyädo´.
Pa´-ta´dal—"Lean-bull;" (1) see [Koñ´abiñ´ate].
(2) A Kiowa war chief in
1874—75, still living. He is commonly
known to the whites as "Poor-buffalo,"
and in the last outbreak gained the
name of Ta´-tätheñ´te, "Never-unsaddled"
(from ta´gyä, tät?, heñ, and te),
from his practice of keeping his horse
saddled at night, to be always ready
for surprise.
Pe p'a edal—"great sand river;" Red
river (of Texas and Indian Territory),
so called both above and below the
North fork.
Pe toñ—"sand spring;" a water hole
on the Staked plain, in Texas or New
Mexico.
p'e´`gyä—they fell; p'e´`gya, it is falling
(as rain, snow, or shower of meteors);
t'o´dal p'e´daldä´to, it is snowing.
peñ—turkey; plural peñ´ko; peñ sän,
quail, i. e., "little turkey."
Peñ p'a—"turkey creek." (1) A small
southwestern branch of Elk creek (of
North fork), in H county, Oklahoma;
(2) a southern tributary of North fork
of Red river, in Greer county, Oklahoma,
beyond Mount Walsh.
penä—sugar, candy; it is the same in
the Comanche language, from which
the Kiowa may have adopted it.
Penä p'a—"sugar creek;" sugar creek
on Wichita reservation; sometimes
also called Do`gu´at p'a, "Wichita
creek."
Pi´änä´vonĭt (Comanche)—"Big-looking-glass;"
a Comanche chief and delegate
to Washington in 1892.
Pi´arai´bo (Comanche)—"Big-whiteman,"
from, piäp, big, and taivo, a
white man; the Comanche name of interpreter
E. L. Clarke, corrupted by
the Kiowa to Pi´alai´bo.
Pi´ho´—"peninsula;" a bend in the
Washita a short distance below Walnut
creek and the Wichita line. A
favorite place for the Sun dance. See
Summers 1839 and 1885.
P'o p'a—"beaver river;" (1) North Canadian
river and its upper branch,
Beaver creek, in Oklahoma; (2) Otter
creek, branch of North fork, on the
reservation; (3) Beaver creek, east of
Fort Sill, on the reservation.
P'o p'a sän—"little beaver creek,"
Little Beaver creek, east of Fort Sill,
on the reservation.
p'odal (plural, p'o´tă´)—worm, reptile,
insect, snake; used for both creeping
and flying insects, including flies, and
occasionally for snakes, but not for
turtles. For many insects they have
no specific name.
P'o´dalä´ñte—"Coming-snake," from
p'odal, ää, and te; a Kiowa warrior
killed in Greer county, Oklahoma, in
1891. Abbreviated P'olä´ñte.
P'o´dalk`i´ägo or P'o´dalgyä´ko—see
Gyai`ko.
p'o´dal(-tă)—spoiled, useless, deformed,
split, as Ma´-p'o´dal, "split-nose."
po´dodal—a variety of bird.
Po´dodal(-te´)—a Kiowa warrior in
1879—80.
Poho´me—The Kiowa name of John
Smith, a noted trader about 1860—1867,
and Government interpreter for the
Cheyenne, who called him Po´omûts,
"Gray-blanket," or "Saddle-blanket,"
whence his Kiowa name.
poho´n-ä—walnut tree; poho´n-e, a walnut.
A woman with her nose cut off,
the former punishment for adultery,
is called poho´nmä, plural poho´nma´imo,
from the fancied resemblance of the
mutilated nose to a split walnut. A
man so disfigured would be called
k`i´ñähyum.
Poho´n-ä p'a—"walnut creek;" Scout's
creek, a tributary of North fork, near
Fort Elliott, in the Texas panhandle.
poläñ´yi—rabbit; plural, polä´ñyup; evidently
connected with poli´ăkya, q. v.,
a pet name is tsä´nyi, plural, tsä´ñyui.
Polä´ñyi-kato´n—"Rabbit-shoulder;" a
Kiowa calendar keeper, now dead.
Polä´ñyup—"Rabbits;" the lowest order
of the Kiowa military organization;
sometimes called Tsä´nyui, another
word for "rabbits."
poli´ăkya—hare lip, split lip; Zo´n-poli´ăkya,
a vacant place from which a tooth
has been lost. Cf. polä´ñyi.
Poli´ăkya—"Harelip;" alias Ka´giätse´,
"Thick-blanket," from kata and
etse´ (?); the chief of the Kiowa at the
time of the first alliance with the
Comanche.
po´to´ or po´tă´—a prong or branch;
ä´po´to´, a forked pole, especially of the
medicine lodge; a table fork is called
gi´ă-tsoñ´i, "meat awl."
Pu´iwito´yäbi (Comanche)—"Iron-mountain;"
a Comanche signer of the treaty
of 1867, where the name appears as
"Pooh-yah-to-yeh-be."
Quay-ham-kay—"Quay-ham-kay, The
Stone Shell;" the name of a Kiowa
warrior painted by Catlin in 1834, as
given by the artist. It can not be
identified. Cf. k`o´dali´ätoñ.
sabiñ´a—quiver; sometimes called ä´gobi´ĭmkâ´-i,
"feather case." The quiver
is made of panther skin, or of Mexican
leather, never of deer or antelope
skin.
sa´dal—(1) masticated food in the
stomach, whence also intestine, belly
(see also [äti]); (2) having, furnished
with, in composition. Cf. Guñsa´dalte.
sä´dalgu´ăt—sweat-house, from sä´daltep.
sa´dalka´ñi—the manifold or stomach-rind
of a buffalo or cow, from sadal
and kañi.
Sa´dalkañi k`op—"manifold mountain;"
the Black hills, South Dakota.
sa´dălso´mte—weasel; literally, "belly
rubber, or dragger," from sadal and
somta.
Säki´bo(-go)—Sauks, from their proper
name, Oñsa´ki or Saki.
Sä´k`odal Gu´ădal Do´ha´—"Cheyenne
red bluff;" the Red hills on the North
Canadian above Fort Reno, Oklahoma.
Cf. Gu´ădal Do´ha´.
sa`kon—buffalo chips; sa´gya, dung.
Sa´`kon-yä´daldä or Sä-yä´daldä—"buffalo-chip
hill;" a hill or mountain near
Salt fork or White-river fork of Brazos
river in Texas (see [Ahiñă p'a]).
Sa´`kon-yä´daldä p'a—"buffalo chip-hill
river;" Duck creek, a branch of Salt
fork or White-river fork of Brazos
river, Texas; also called Ahiñ´a p'a,
"cedar creek."
Sä´k`ota—Cheyenne; singular, Sä´k`odal,
etymology doubtful. Also called
T'a´-sep, "pierced-ear," or Ä-gu´at,
"painted feathers," from the fact that
for their arrows they always used wild-turkey
feathers, which are transversely
striped. Their Comanche name, Pä´ganä´vo,
denotes "striped arrows," and
the tribal sign, made by drawing the
right index finger across the left, seems
to convey the same idea.
Sä´k`ota-ä´oto´n-de p'a—"creek where
the Cheyenne were massacred;" a
northern tributary of North fork of Red
river, the second below Sweetwater
creek, in F county, Oklahoma; so
called from a massacre there in
1837, q. v.
sä`lä´ti—hot, from gyäsä´dal, it is hot.
sän—little; an archaic form, in composition,
is t'an, q. v.
sa´podal—a mythic cannibal monster;
hence also, from its human expression,
an owl, properly mahi´ñ.
Sa´podal-â´daltoñ p'a—"owl-head creek,"
a western branch of Ä´dan p'a, q. v.; so
called from the figures of two owls cut
upon a tree where the trail crosses.
Sä´riyo (Comanche)—"Dog-fat;" a Comanche
signer of the treaty of 1867,
where his name appears as "Saddy-yo,"
the Comanche r sometimes
approximating d.
sek`a´n—dogwood (Cornus asperifolia),
used by the southern plains tribes for
arrows, but not for bows.
Sek`a´n p'a—"dogwood creek;" a small
southern tributary of South Canadian
river in the panhandle of Texas, a
short distance below Adobe Walls;
perhaps Chicken creek.
Se´mät—Kiowa Apache; literally,
"Thieves" (singular, dual, and plural
alike). Cf. Ä´semtse. They have been
so called for the last twelve years
on account of having stolen and killed
the cattle and hogs of the Kiowa.
Formerly called Tagu´i, the generic
Kiowa name for the tribes of Apache
stock; also Sa´dălso´mte-k`i´ägo, "weasel
people" (see [Kiowa Apache synonymy]).
Semät p'a—"Apache creek;" an upper
branch of Cache creek, joining with
E´gu´a p'a (Chandler creek), on the reservation;
so called because the Kiowa
Apache reside chiefly upon it.
Se´mätmä—"Apache-woman;" a Kiowa
woman in the Osage massacre of
1833. Her proper name was probably
Tagu´imä, as the Apache were then
called Tagu´i.
sen—nostril.
señ—prickly.
Señ p'a—"cactus river;" Salado river,
Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The name refers
to the tall upright cactus (Cereus giganteus),
not to the prickly pear (Opuntia).
The Kiowa say there are salt beds on
its lower course.
señ-ä—willow.
Señ´-ä p'a—(1) "willow creek;" a northern
tributary of the Washita, about four
miles below Sugar creek, Wichita
reservation. (2) Sabinas river, a tributary
of Salado river, Nuevo Leon,
Mexico. (3) A northern tributary of
Beaver creek, a short distance above
the junction of the Palo Duro, Oklahoma.
señ´-älo´—the prickly pear (Opuntia
tortispina?), literally "prickly plum,"
from señ and älo´. Eaten raw by the
Indians.
Se´ñ-älo´k`op—"prickly-pear mountain,"
a low rocky hill near Stumbling-bear's
camp on the road to Fort Sill; so called
from the abundance of prickly pears
upon it.
Se´ñ-älo´ p'a—"prickly-pear creek;" a
creek near Bent's fort in Colorado, perhaps
Caddo or Rate creek (see Summer
[1856]).
se´ñi—cactus, especially the peyote (Lophophora),
eaten with religious ceremonial;
literally, "prickly fruit," from
señ and i; in composition, señ.
se´npa´ga—mustache; cf. se´npo.
se´npo—mustache, beard; plural se´npa´ga,
from sen, nostril, and paga, down,
fur, fuzz; pa´`da, a single hair of fur or
fuzz, pubis, beard, etc; a´da´, a single
hair of head, eyelash, of horse, cow,
etc. Cf. Be´dalpa´go.
se´np'odal-e´ (or se´np'ole´)—a water bulb,
apparently the water lily, growing in
Swan lake and other ponds on the
Wichita reservation; eaten by the Indians.
Se´np'odal-e´ p'a—"water-lilycreek" (?).
Pond creek, a northern tributary of the
Washita, on the Wichita reservation.
Se´np'odal-e´ setso´—"water-lily
pond" (?). Swan lake, on the Wichita
reservation.
Se´npo-gu´ădal—"Red-beard;" J. M.
Haworth, Kiowa agent, 1873—1878;
Battey writes it Simpoquodle.
Se´npo-ze´dălbe—"Terrible-beard."
(1) William Madison or Matthewson,
a former trader among the Kiowa.
About the year 1865 he had a trading
house at the Santa Fé crossing of Cow
creek in Kansas, from which he moved
when the Kiowa were put upon the
reservation in 1869, and established a
house on the west side of Cache creek,
21/2 miles below Fort Sill, on the reservation,
where he remained until about
1876. His place on Cache creek was
about on the site formerly occupied
by Tome´te, q. v. It is said he was
sometimes known as Ma´ñtaka´k`ia, q. v.
(2) Timothy Peet, trading clerk at
Anadarko; the name was transferred
to him from Madison.
Sen-son-da-cat—"Sen-son-da-cat", the
White Bird; a Kiowa signer of the
treaty of 1837, as the name appears on
the treaty. It can not be identified;
"White-bird" would be T'ene´-t'ai´ñte.
sep—(1) rain; sepdo, it is raining.
(2) The root of the verb "to pierce"
or "to sew."
Se´pyä´daldä—"rainy mountain," from
sep and yä´daldä; Rainy mountain, on
the reservation, about 30 miles west
of Anadarko.
Se´pyä´daldä p'a—"rainy-mountain
creek;" the western branch, of Rainy-mountain
creek, a southern tributary of
Washita river near Rainy mountain.
The eastern branch is called Tsodo´m
p'a, q. v., and the main stream below
the junction is called Tsen p'a.
Se´se—arrowhead; when made of stone,
it is sometimes distinguished as k`a´-ikon
sese.
Se´se p'a—"arrowhead river;" Arkansas
river, the most prominent river in
Kiowa narrative. According to Clark
it is known as Flint (i. e., flint arrowhead)
river among the plains tribes
generally.
Se´se p'a hoan—"Arkansas river road;"
the Santa Fé trail.
set—bear; an archaic word used now only
in composition, especially in proper
names. The ordinary word is onhä´te.
se´tä—the small intestine of the buffalo
or cow.
Setä—"Cow-intestines;" a school boy
frozen to death in the winter of 1890—91,
probably the "Sailor" of Scott's report
on the subject.
Se t-ä´gyai´—"Bear-on-tree," from set and
ä; a Kiowa warrior killed by the Pawnee
in 1851.
Se´t-ä´ngya—"Sitting-bear." (1) A noted
Kiowa war chief, commonly known as
Satank, killed at Fort Sill in 1871.
(2) A son of the above, killed in Texas
about a year before.
Se´t-daya´-ite—"Many-bears," from set,
da, a-i, and te. (1) A Kiowa warrior,
known to the whites as Heap-of-Bears,
killed by the Ute in 1868. (2) A keeper
of the taíme, 1876—1883.
Se´t-emâ´-i—"Bear-lying-down" (habitually);
cf. k`a (2). A Kiowa signer of
the treaty of 1867, where his name appears
as Sa-ta-more.
Set-ĭmki´a—"Pushing-bear," from set and
deki´a; a noted Kiowa war chief, still
living, one of the signers of the treaty
of 1867, where his name appears as
"Sa-tim-gear, or Stumbling Bear." His
name is commonly abbreviated to
Ĭmki´a, while to the whites he is known
as Stumbling-bear, a mistranslation of
his proper name, which indicates a
bear that overthrows or pushes over
everything in his way.
Se´t-k`o´pte (Paul)—"Mountain-bear;" a
Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in
1875; as a boy he was called "Buffalo-horns."
At the close of his imprisonment
he was adopted into a white family
under the name of Paul Saitkopeta
Carruthers. He returned to his tribe
in 1882 and is still living.
Se´t-mä´nte—"Bear-above" (Sky-bear).
The Kiowa name of a Kiowa Apache
signer of the treaty of 1837, in which it
appears as "Cet-ma-ni-ta, the Walking
Bear." A Kiowa warrior and Florida
prisoner in 1875. Cf. Mamä´nte.
Se´t-pä´go—"Lone-bear;" a Kiowa signer
of the treaty of 1867, in which the name
appears as "Sit-par-ga, or Sa-pa-ga,
One Bear."
Set-pa´te—"He-bear;" a Kiowa warrior
about 1854 (see Winter [1854—55]).
setse´yu—hog; literally, "domestic bear,"
from set and tseyu.
Setse´yu p'a—"hog creek;" Hog creek, a
southern tributary of the Washita,
about eight miles above Anadarko, on
the reservation. So called on account of
the former presence there of wild hogs
which had escaped from the Caddo north
of the river.
setso´—lake, pond.
Setso´—"lake;" Swan lake, Wichita reservation.
Being the only lake in the
region, it is simply called "the lake."
Setso´ edal—"big lake;" a large lake
in Coahuila or Chihuahua, Mexico, described
as having an island upon which
was a Mexican fort.
Se´t ta´dal—"Lean-bear." (1) A Kiowa (?)
warrior in 1864—65. (2) A Kiowa Apache
chief and signer of the treaty of
1867, being then the head chief of the
tribe. His proper Apache name was
Gu´ăñteka´na, of which Se´t-ta´dal is the
Kiowa rendering. It appears on the
treaty as "Kon-zhon-ta-co, Poor Bear."
He was the father of White-man, present
head chief of the Apache.
Se´t-t'a´iñte—"White-bear;" a noted Kiowa
chief and signer of the treaty of
1867, who committed suicide in prison
in 1878. He was commonly known as
Satanta; other forms are Satana and
See-ti-toh. In boyhood he was called
Gu´atoñ-biăn, "Big-ribs," and since the
death, in 1894, of his son, who inherited
the father's name, this last name only
is used in referring to him.
Set-t'ai´ñte-T'a`ka´-imai´mo-e´`paga´ni-de
p'a—"river where Set-t'ai´ñte brought
the white women;" Satanta creek,
alias North or Kiowa creek, a northern
tributary of Cimarron river in Comanche
county, Kansas; so called because
Set-t'ai´ñte brought there some white
women and children captured in Texas
about thirty years ago. Doha´sän died
at its junction with the Cimarron.
Se´t-t'an—"Little-bear;" a Kiowa warrior
and author of the principal calendar
here published.
Shĭ´shinu´wut-tsĭ´täni´u (Cheyenne)—the
Comanche (see [Kiowa synonymy]).
Si´ăchĭ´nika (Comanche)—"Standing-head-feather;"
a Comanche signer of
the treaty of 1867, where the name
appears as "Cear-chi-neka."
So´le p'a—"soldier creek;" Cache creek,
near Fort Sill, on the reservation.
Sometimes called Tso´`kada´hä So´le p'a,
"Medicine-bluff Soldier creek."
somta—rubbing; gyäso´nmo, I whet; deso´nmo,
I rub myself; dega´mo, I anoint.
son—grass.
So´ndo´ta—Shoshoni; literally, "grass
houses," from son and do´, said to refer
to a former custom of weaving tipis or
wikiups of rushes; also called So´soni.
Tribal sign: Index finger thrust forward
with a serpentine movement, followed
by sign for "man;" commonly
interpreted "Snake people," but perhaps
originally designed to indicate
the manner of weaving the rushes.
Cf. Gyai´`ko.
Soto—Auguste Chouteau, the first trader
regularly established in the Kiowa
country, about 1835.
t'a—(1) Ear; singular, t'a; dual, t'ati;
plural, t'agă. (2) Antelope; plural,
t'a´sedăl. T'äp, the generic word for
deer, antelope, etc, is sometimes used
specifically for antelope. Cf. kyai´`guan
and tañ´gia.
tä—eye; dual, täti; plural, tägă.
t'ä̆—first light (?) Cf. ki´ătä.
ta´-ä—the elm (Ulmus americana); literally,
"saddle wood," from ta´gyä and
ä, because used by the Indians to make
saddle trees; also called ga´dal-ä,
"buffalo wood," because the buffalo
liked to stand under its shade.
Tä´binä´năkă, (Comanche)—"Hears- (or
understands-) the-sun;" a noted Comanche
chief, who died in 1892. By
the Kiowa he was called Pai´-ta´ya, an
exact rendering of his Comanche
name.
T'a´-bo´dal—"Spoiled-ear;" the Kiowa
call by this name an earless Navaho
killed by them in the winter of
1867—68. Bodal seems to refer to "cut
off," distinct from p'odalta. Cf. ka´bodal.
ta´dal—lean (adjective).
tä´dăldă—hole.
Ta´dalk`i´a—"Lean-man;" agent P. B.
Hunt, 1878—1885.
tä´dalkop—smallpox; literally, "hole
sickness," from tä´dăldă and kop.
Tä´dalkop p'a—"smallpox creek;"
Mule creek, a tributary of Medicine-lodge
creek, Oklahoma; so called because
the Kiowa held there the first
sun dance after the smallpox epidemic
of 1861—62.
Tagu´i—Apache, etc; the generic Kiowa
name for all tribes of Athapascan or
Apache stock. In consequence of the
death of a person of that name, it was
superseded for a time by K`a-pä´top,
"Knife-whetters," but the original
name is now restored. The etymology
is uncertain, but the word is evidently
connected with Tâ´guga´la and Ta´gukere´sh,
and perhaps with Tashĭn, Ga´ta`ka
and Tha´`ka-hinĕ´na. Cf. T'a`ka´-i.
The Kiowa include under this generic
term the Ä´-tagu´i (Lipan), K`op-tagu´i
(Jicarilla), Ĕ´sikwita (Mescalero), Do´-ko´nsenä´go
(Chiricahua), Ze´bä-gi´ăni
(——), and Se´mät (Kiowa Apache).
Tribal sign: Right index finger rubbed
briskly up and down along left index
finger, as though whetting a knife.
For other specific and generic names
applied to the Apache, see [Kiowa
Apache synonymy].
T'a´gu´ñ-yä´daldä.—"antelope antlers
hill," from t'a, guñ, and yä´daldä; Antelope
hills, on south side of South
Canadian river, near the western Oklahoma
line, in E county.
T'a´guño´tal p'a—"moon when the antelope
antlers drop off," from t'a, guñ,
otal, and p'a; a Kiowa moon or month,
including portions of August and September.
T'a´guñ´otal P'a Sän—"Little T'a´guño´tal
P'a;" a Kiowa moon or month, including
portions of July and August.
ta´gya—saddle; in composition ta, as
ta´-ä, "saddle wood," Ta´ k`o´p, "Saddle
mountain."
Tägyä´ko—Northern Arapaho (Wyoming), "Wild-sage people," "Sagebrush
people," from tä´gyĭ and ko or k`iägo. Cf. Ä´hyäto and
Bo´tk`i´ägo.
Ta´ha (Apache)—an Apache chief and delegate to Washington in 1870,
still living.
ta´ho—refers to "leading confederates." Cf. Gu´a´na-de-`ta´ho.
-tai´de—chief, in composition, as T'ene´-tai´de, "Bird-chief;" it
comes from a root signifying above, top, on top of; gyätai´de, he
is above, i. e., he is chief.
tai´me—the great Sun-dance medicine of the Kiowa (see page [240]). The
etymology is doubtful, but the same word signifies also "mosquito"
and "silent." Ĭmtai´me, you are silent; tai´me`gŭ´,
talkative, sociable.
tai´me-bi´ĭmkâ´i—"tai´me box;" the peculiarly shaped and decorated
rawhide box in which the tai´me image is preserved.
Tai´mete´—"Taime-man;" a priest and keeper of the tai´me from 1883
until his death in 1894.
t'aiñ—white.
T'aiñ do´ha´—"White bluff." (1) A bluff on upper South Canadian
river, near the New Mexico line. (2) (Same?); a bluff at or beyond
the head of Pa p'a (2), about southeastern Colorado (see Winter
[1840—41]).
T'aiñ p'a—"White river." (1) An extreme
upper northern tributary of South
Canadian river, one day's journey below
the salt beds (at the New Mexico
line), and about halfway to Gu´adal
do´ha´; perhaps Major Long's creek,
Texas panhandle (see Winter [1847—48]).
(2) Brazos river, Texas, main stream;
also White river, alias Catfish creek,
near its head.
T'ai´ñte—"White;" special agent E. E.
White, 1887—88.
T'aiñ-yädaldä—"white hill;" a hill or
hills near the head of White river of
the Brazos, Texas.
Tä´ka Ho´norĭt (Comanche)—see Ä´sese
p'a.
Tä´-ka´gyä p'a—"eye-triumph creek;" a
small branch of Apache creek, on the
reservation, near where now is Muchacho's
house (see Winter [1879—80]).
taka´-i—(1) buckskin; (2) a saddle blanket,
of buffalo hide. Cf. T'a`ka´-i.
Taka´-i-p'o´dal—"Spoiled-saddle-blanket;"
a Kiowa signer of the
treaty of 1867, where the name appears
as "Fish-e-more, or Stinking
saddle;" commonly abbreviated to
Taka´-ite. The name "Fish-e-more,"
as given in the treaty, is pronounced
Pĭ´semâ´i by the Kiowa, who say that
it is a foreign word, old, and with no
meaning in Kiowa.
T'a`ka´-i-tai´de—"White-man-chief;"
the Kiowa name of Tsa´yadi´tlti or
White-man, present head chief of the
Apache.
Ta-ka-ta-couche—"Ta-ka-ta-couche,
the Black Bird," a Kiowa signer of the
treaty of 1837, as the name appears in
the treaty. The correct form may be
T'ene´-koñ´kya, q. v.
t'a´-ko´ñ—"black-ear;" a variety of
horse, light in color, but with black
ears, prized by the Kiowa as the best
for racing. Sometimes particularly
specified as t'a´-ko´ñ tseñ, "black-eared
horse" (see Summers [1861] and [1867]).
T´a´-ko´ñ—"Black-ear;" a noted race
horse stolen by the Navaho in 1867
(see the preceding).
Ta´-k`op´—"saddle mountain," from,
ta´gyä and k`op; Saddle mountain, near
the head of Walnut creek, on the
reservation.
tä`lä´—folded, bent double, shortened
(applied only to feathers).
tä´lyi´—boy; plural, tälyu´p, or in some
proper names tälyu´i.
tañ´gia—deer, a ceremonial word, used only by old people;
tañgi´apa´, a buck deer; tañgi´atsä´, a doe. The common word is
kya´`guan, literally "jumper," or t'äp, q. v.
Tañgi´apa´—"Buck-deer;" a Kiowa warrior killed by the Mexicans
in 1850—51.
Tä´n-gu´ădal—"Red-feather-head-dress," (or red tän
root?); a noted Kiowa warrior killed in Texas in 1868—69. Cf.
Tä´n-ko´ñkya.
t'añi—smooth; t'añ´edă´, it is smooth.
Tä´n-ko´ñkya—"Black-feathered-headdress;" a noted Kiowa war
chief who died in 1865—66. Cf. Tä´n-gu´ădal.
t'ä´ñpe-ä´—the skunkberry bush (Rhus trilobata); plural
t'äñpe´ko; t'ä´ñpe-i´, skunkberry. The seeds or berries are eaten
raw, or beaten up with sugar, and considered a dainty, although very
bitter.
T'ä´ñpeä´ p'a—"skunkberry creek;" a southern tributary of the
South Canadian, about opposite Lathrop, in the panhandle of Texas.
White-deer creek (?).
T'äñpe´ko—"Skunkberry people," alias Tse´ñ-´â´dalka´-i,
"Crazy Horses;" the "War-club" band of Clark. One of the six Kiowa
military orders (see page [229]).
T'a´ñ-yä´daldä—"smooth hill," from t'añi and yädaldä; a
hill or mountain near Fort Clark, southern Texas.
T'a´ñ-yä´daldä p'a—"smooth-hill river;" Las Moras creek (?) of
the Rio Grande; described as at Fort Clark (see the preceding).
T'a´ñ-yä´daldä- yä´`pähe´gya—"smooth hill soldier place;" Fort
Clark, southern Texas (see the preceding).
t'äp—deer, antelope, etc, especially antelope. Cf. also t'a,
kyai´`guan, tañgi´a, ko`ga´-i.
Tă´săwi (Comanche)—A Comanche signer of the treaty
of 1867, where the name appears as "To-sa-in, To-she-wi, or Silver
Brooch."
Tä´yăkwo´ip (Comanche)—"Sore-backed horse;" a Comanche
signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as
"Tir-ha-yah-guahip, or Horse's Back."
t'a´-zo´tă´—an antelope corral or driveway (see page [309]).
Cf. zo´tă´.
T'a´-zo´tă´ p'a—"antelope corral creek;" Bear creek,
between Cimarron and Arkansas rivers, near the western line of
Kansas.
-te, -ti—a personal suffix, usually masculine, in proper names.
T'e´bodal(-te)—"One-who-carries-a-pack-of-meat-from-the-buffalo's-lower-leg;"
the full form would be T'e´bodal-pä´te
(cf. Tso`k`o´dalte), from t'epga, odal,
and te; the oldest man of the Kiowa
tribe, now about eighty years of age.
te´dal—white clay; used by the Indians
for paint; another form is te´li.
Te´dal toñ—"white-clay spring;" a water
hole on the Staked plain, so called from
the white clay found there. There are
two wells on the Staked plain, known
as Tierra Blanca or Ojo Blanco, one in
Texas, the other in New Mexico.
Te´guă(-go)—Pueblo; the name is a derivative
from Tegua or Tewa and
includes all the Pueblo Indians; the
Comanche form is Tewa. They were
formerly also called Be´dalpahe´ñko,
"Beardless people" (cf. Be´dalpa´go)
and are sometimes designated as Po´băro,
a Comanche corruption of "Pueblo."
Sign: Hair grasped behind with the
right hand, to indicate the Pueblo
style of bunching it.
Tehä´neko, Tehä´no—Texans, singular
Tehä´nek`i, from the Spanish Tejano.
The Kiowa and associated tribes always
regarded the Texans as a distinct people
from the T'o-t'a`ka´-i, or Americans,
of Kansas and the north.
Te´ñbe k`op, or Te´ñbei´a k`op—"Wild-sheep
mountain," i. e., "Te´ñbeyu´i
mountain," because the Te´ñbeyu´i,
q. v., used to dance there at a spring
near the river; a mountain on the east
side of North fork, just below Elk
creek, on the reservation; sometimes incorrectly
called Gabo´dăli k`op, "Sheep
(or goat) mountain."
t'ene´—bird; on account of a death a few
years ago the word gu´ăto is now used
instead.
T'ene´-ango´pte—"Kicking-bird," usually
abbreviated to Ango´pte, from t'ene´,
gyä´ango´p, and te: (1) A Kiowa warrior
about 1843. (2) A noted chief who
died in 1875; upon the treaty of 1867
his name appears as Ton-a-en-ko, "Kicking Eagle."
T'ene´-badai´—"Bird-appearing;" a Kiowa
warrior noted for his good looks,
killed by the Caddo in 1860.
T'ene´-ko´ñkya—"Black-bird;" a Kiowa
signer of the treaty of 1837, where the
name appears as "Ta-ne-congais, the
Sea Gull."
T'ene´pi´abi—"Hummingbird;" a Kiowa
warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875,
still living. The ordinary word for
hummingbird is mansa-t'ene´, "thumbbird."
T'ene´-tai´de—"Bird-chief," from t'ene´
and -taide; a Kiowa warrior, still living;
also called Pa´to´, a word of unknown
meaning.
T'ene´-ze´pte—"Bird-bow" (?) from t'ene´,
zepko, and te; a Kiowa warrior shot by
Sun-boy in 1872. The name might possibly
mean "Bird-teat."
Te´n-pi´äk`ia—"Heart-eater," from ten,
piä, and k`ia; a noted Kiowa warrior
and medicine-man, rival of Anso´`te and
father of Se´t-t'a´n, and accidentally
killed in 1853. He took his name from
the fact that his "medicine" was to eat
a small piece of an enemy's heart every
time he killed one. The same thing
was done by several other Kiowa warriors
under certain circumstances, the
only approach to cannibalism in the
tribe. A man now living is called
Te´npi´äte, "Heart-eater," from ten, piä,
and te.
tep—the root of a verb signifying "to
come out," "to migrate." Cf. toñtep,
Te´pdă´, Tepgañ p'a.
t'epga—meat from the calf of the leg
of the buffalo, etc; in composition,
t'ep.
Te´pgañ P'a—"Goose-migrating moon,"
from gañ, tep, and p'a; a Kiowa moon
or month, including parts of November
and December; also called Bonpä P'a,
"Sweat-house moon."
t'o´idă´—uncommon, accidental, abnormal;
as a pinto horse, a six-fingered
hand, etc.
t'o´igu´ăt—pinto, variegated in color,
especially a horse, from t'o´idă´ and
guătgya.
T'o´-k`i´ñähyup—"Cold Men," i. e., men
of the cold or northern country, from
gyät'o´ and k`i´ñähi; one of two former
local divisions of the Kiowa, including
those who ranged chiefly on Arkansas
river and the Kansas frontier. Cf.
Gwa´hale´go and T'o´-t'a`ka´-i.
Tome´te—the Kiowa name of an early
trader who located a trading post about
1837 a short distance south of Fort Sill,
on the spot afterward occupied by William
Madison (Se´npo-ze´dalbe, q. v.).
The Kiowa form is a derivative from
his proper name (Thomas?).
To´n-ak`a´—"Water-turtle," literally
"notched tail;" a noted Kiowa medicine-man
in 1884—85. Cf. k`a´nkiñ.
To´ñ-bi´ăndä´ta—"boiling water;" Colorado
Springs, Colorado.
To´ñ-dahä´—"medicine, i. e., mysterious,
water;" a natural rock well, large and
deep, near the head of Scout creek, in
the Texas panhandle. It is so called
probably from a tradition of some water
spirit or monster dwelling there. Cf.
To´ñ-dahyä´.
To´ñ-dahyä´—"medicine water, mysterious water;" a lake somewhere in
the mountains of the far north, near which the Kiowa Apache locate
one of their most noted wonder stories. The name seems to be an
archaic form for To´ñ-dahä´, q. v.
toñgu´ayo—sitting with legs crossed and extended; I sit so,
ätoñgu´ayo-ä´ngya, from toñti, gu´ayo, legs crossed and
extended, and ä´ngya.
Toñhe´ñ p'a—"waterless, i. e., dry, creek;" Sand creek, Colorado, a
northern tributary of Arkansas river, and the scene of the Chivington
massacre.
Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i, or Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´a'-i-do´mbe—waterless Mexican
(country); the people and region of Chihuahua and upper Coahuila,
Mexico.
Toñhyo´pdă´—the "Pipe-bearer," or officer who marched at the head of
the young warriors on an expedition; he did not necessarily carry a
pipe. Etymology doubtful.
To´ñko´ñ—"black water;" a pond on the edge of the Staked plain,
about three days' journey westward from Double mountain, in Texas;
perhaps Agua Negra, just inside the Texas line, about 34°.
To´ñko´ñ p'a—"black-water creek;" a southern tributary of the
Washita, about five miles below the Custer battlefield
(Doä´dal-ko´ñkya-eho´taldee), in F county, Oklahoma.
Toñko´ñko—"Black legs," from toñti, ko´ñkya, and ko; singular,
Toñko´ñ-gyäk`i´a. (1) The Blackfoot Indians. (2) One of the six
Kiowa military orders, the Raven, Raven Soldiers, or Black Leggings
of Clark (see page [229]).
To´ñpeto—"Afraid-of-water," from toñ and gyä`pe´to; the Kiowa
rendering of the name of the Comanche chief Päre´iyä, who made the
final peace between the two tribes.
toñp'o´dal—lame, from to´ñti and p'o´daltă;
I am lame, äto´ñp'o´daltă.
Toñp'o´dal-kyä`to´—"Lame-old-man;" a
Kiowa war chief in 1832.
To´ñsâhe´ p'a—"blue (or green) water
river;" Colorado river of Texas. It
is called "blue water" or "blue river"
by the Comanche also.
To´ñteb-e´dal p'a—"big-spring creek;"
probably Giraud creek of Red fork
of Colorado river, Texas; described
as southward from Double mountain,
near the emigrant road. There is a
town named Big Spring on Giraud
creek.
to´ñtep—a spring, from toñ and tep;
commonly abbreviated to toñ in geographic
names.
To´ñtep p'a—"spring creek;" Fontaine
qui Bouille creek, Colorado,
to´ñti—leg; in composition, toñ.
Toñtsĭ´mgyä p'a—"crooked-water creek,"
from toñ and tsĭ´mgyä; Crooked creek,
in the Cherokee strip, Oklahoma.
to´ñzo´—current (of a stream); toñzo´lya,
the water is flowing.
To´ñzo`go´dal p'a—"strong current (i. e.,
swift water) river," from to´ñzo´, got,
plural go´dal, and p'a; apparently a
head branch of Pease river, Texas,
and described as midway between Red
river and the Staked plain, where they
are one day's journey apart. Also called
Päbo p'a, "American-horse river," from
a fight there in which the Kiowa took
from the Texans a number of American
horses, the largest they had ever seen
(see Winter [1841—42]).
Tooc-a-nie Kiowa—(for Tawa´koni, a
subtribe of the Wichita.) During the
outbreak of 1874—75 "a band of Tooc-a-nie
Kiowa (part Wichita and part
Kiowa) who had been for several years
with the Wichita and Waco, went to
the Kiowa of the Kiowa agency"
(Agent T. S. Free, page 289, Indian
Report, 1875).
T'o´-t'a`ka´-i, T'o´-t'a`ka´-i-dombe—Americans
and the United States, as
distinguished from Mexicans and Texans
and their country; literally, "cold
white-man country," i. e., "northern
white-man country," and hence "cold,
i. e., northern, white men," from gyät'o´,
t'a`ka´-i, and dombe. Cf. T'o-k`i´ñähyup
and Tehä´neko.
-tsä—a feminine suffix, as kyai´`guan,
deer, kyai´`guantsä´, doe. Cf. -mä under
mä´nyi´.
tsä´—comrade, partner.
tsä´dal—goose; also gañ.
Tsä´dal-t'a´iñ—"White-goose," i. e.,
Swan; a hostile Kiowa chief in 1874.
Tsâli—"Charley," the Kiowa name of the
trader Charles W. Whitacre (or Whittaker).
He is mentioned as present at
the treaty of 1867, and later had a trading
house on the north bank of the
Washita, opposite Anadarko, just above
the present Wichita school. He accidentally
shot himself in 1882.
Tsâli Esän—"Little Charley" (plural
form); Charles Rath, of the trading
firm of Rath, Wright & Reynolds, formerly
at Fort Sill.
tsän—he came, they came; sometimes
used for return; cf. ää´.
Tsä´pi´ä p'a—"prairie-dog-eating river,"
from tsäto, piä, and p'a; a large western
tributary of Rainy-mountain creek, on
the reservation. So called because
about twenty-five years ago, while the
Kiowa were camped there, a rain
drowned out a large number of prairie
dogs and the Indians killed and ate
them.
tsä´to—prairie-dog; in composition,
sometimes tsä; singular and plural
alike.
Tsä´to-yä´daldä—"Prairie-dog mountain;"
a prominent mountain or bluff
20 miles west of Vernon, Texas, between
Pease river and Red river.
Tsä´to-yä´daldä pe p'a—"prairie-dog
mountain sand river;" Pease river, an
upper branch of Red river, in Texas
(see the preceding).
Tsa´yadi´tlti (Apache)—see [T'a`ka´-i-tai´de].
tse´—short; I am short, äko´ntse´; he is
short, o´ite kontse´. Cf. etse´, thick.
tse´dal(-te)—situated, situated upon.
tsen—mud, clay. Cf. tseñ.
Tsen p'a—"mud creek." (1) The lower
part of Sugar creek, alias East fork of
Rainy-mountain creek, on the reservation.
Cf. Tsodo´m p'a and Se´pyä´daldä
p'a. Another authority says it is lower
Rainy-mountain creek, below the junction
of the two main forks. (2) Little
Wichita river (at Henrietta), Texas.
tseñ—horse, plural tseñko; old names are
tai´de and gu´ăpedal. A wild horse is
called t'a´-tse´ñ, "antelope horse" (see
also päbo). Cf. tsen.
Tseñtä´nmo—"Horse-headdress people"
(?) from tseñ and tän; singular,
Tse´ñtänk`i´a. One of the six Kiowa
military orders, the Feather Head band
of Clark (see page [229], ante).
-tse´yu—a suffix denoting a pet or domesticated
animal, or the young of an
animal; also tseyi, plural tse´yu´i; t'ene´-tse´yu,
chicken; setse´yu (set-tseyu), hog;
Gu´ădal-tseyu, "Red Pet," or "Little
Red."
tsĭ´mgyä—crooked.
tso—rock, stone.
Tso p'a—"rock river." (1) The Purgatoire
or Las Animas river, a south tributary
of the Arkansas, in Colorado.
(2) San Saba river, Texas; called also
Tĭp ho´novĭt, "rock river," by the Comanche.
Tso´ai´—"tree rock," i.e., monument, from
tso and ä. (1) The Mato-tipi or Bear-lodge
of the Dakota, also known
as the Devil's Tower, near Sun-dance,
Wyoming; the Kiowa have a myth
concerning it. (2) A monument-like
rock, somewhere on the Salt fork of
Arkansas river.
tso´dal—wing, and figuratively, arm (applied
only to the upper arm).
Tso´dalhe´ñte—"No-arm," from tso´dal,
heñ, and te; William Allison, who built
and kept a trading post on the Arkansas,
just below the junction of Upper
Walnut creek, for fifteen years or more,
about 1850 to 1865. Fort Zarah was a
short distance above, on the north bank
of Walnut creek. He was so called
from having had his left arm shot off
in a quarrel. Sometimes also called
Mânhe´ñk`ia, conveying the same meaning,
from mândă, heñ, and k`ia.
Tsodalhe´ñ-de p'a—"No-arm's river;"
Upper Walnut creek, a northern tributary
of Arkansas river in Kansas (see
Tsodalhe´ñte),
Tsodalhe´ñ-de P'a´gya-Yä´`pähe´-k`u´dal-de´e—"place
where (de´e) soldiers
(yä´`pähe´) stay (k`u´dal) at (-gya) No-arm's
river" (Tsodalhe´ñ-de p'a); Fort
Zarah, Kansas, formerly on the left
(north) bank of Upper Walnut creek,
2 miles above its junction with the
Arkansas. Just below it was Allison's
trading post.
tso´dal-tem—"wing bone," from tso´dal
and tem; a whistle made from the wing
bone of an eagle, and used in the Sun
dance and the peyote ceremony.
Tso-do´i-gyätä´dă´-de´e—"rock house
(i. e., cave) in which they were surrounded,"
from tso, do´, gyätä´dă, and
de´e; the Hueco Tanks, in western
Texas, just south of the New Mexico
line (see Summer [1857]).
tsodo´m—a stone mortar, from tso and
dom.
Tsodo´m p'a—"stone-mortar creek;"
Sugar creek, the eastern fork of Rainy-mountain
creek. Cf. Tsen p'a and
Se´pyä´daldä p'a.
Tso´-gyäze´mä—"moving stones;" a lake
or water hole on the Staked plain, in
Texas, so called because, according to
the Indians, the stones there shift
about. They do not add toñ or setso´.
Perhaps Laguna Sabinas.
tso´`ka—rock bluff precipice, from tso.
Cf. Tso´`kaka´n, Tso´`kada´hä´, also do´ha´.
Tso´`kada´hä´ (or Tso´`kada´hä´go)—"medicine
bluff," from tso´`ka and da´hä;
Medicine bluff, a noted precipice on the
south side of Medicine-bluff creek,
about 3 miles west of Fort Sill, on the
reservation. It is figured in Marcy's
report.
Tso´`kada´hä p'a—"medicine-bluff
creek;" Medicine-bluff creek, or Bluff
creek, joining Cache creek near Fort
Sill.
Tso´`kada´hä´gya (-Yä´`pähe´-k`u´dal-de´e—Fort
Sill, on the reservation. The
full name signifies "where the soldiers
stay at Medicine bluff," but as the place
is so well known it is commonly abbreviated
to Tso´`kada´hä´gya, "At Medicine
bluff."
Tso´`kaka´n—"end of the bluff," from
tso´`ka, and aka´n; a point on the south
side of the North fork of Red river
above the junction of Elm fork, at
K`o´b-aka´n mountain, q. v., in Greer
county, Oklahoma.
Tso´k`o´dalte—"Stone-necklace," from
tso, k`o´dalpä, and te; a Kiowa girl who
died in 1845. The full form would be
Tso´k`o´dalpã´te. Cf. Äk`o´dalte, T'ebo´dalte.
Tso´lai´—Fourth of July; the Kiowa
think this is the name of the day instead
of the month. On account of the
Indian races encouraged by the traders
and officers on this occasion, it is also
known as Tsä´nkia-ki´adă, "race day."
Tso´ñboho´n—"Down-feather-cap," from
tsoñkya and boho´n; an early head chief
of the Kiowa.
tso´ñda—light-haired. Cf. boiñ.
tso´ñkya—down feathers; in composition,
tsoñ.
Tso´ñ-t'a`ka´-i—light-haired, or blond
Mexicans, from tsoñda and T'a`ka´-i;
the Mexicans about Laredo, on the
lower Rio Grande.
tso´paiñ—adobe; literally, "dust rock,"
or "earth rock," from tso and paiñ.
Tso´paiñ Do´—"adobe house;" Bent's
fort, on Arkansas river, in Colorado.
Originally built of adobe, by William
Bent, the noted trader for the Cheyenne,
on the north bank of the Arkansas,
15 miles above the junction of the
Purgatoire, and about halfway between
the present La Junta and Las
Animas. It was abandoned by him
about 1849. In 1860 Fort Wise, afterward
called Fort Lyon, was established
near the same site, and was
called by the same name among the
Kiowa until the removal of Fort Lyon
farther up the river in 1867. (See list
of posts, etc, page [382].)
tsoq! (Comanche)—that! A Comanche
word commonly used by Comanche,
Kiowa, and Apache in the do´a´ game.
Tso´sa´ p'a—"—— rock river;" Yellowstone
and upper Missouri river; etymology
doubtful; tso is rock or stone,
and sa, is said to be connected with
sa´top, pipe, but may possibly be from
some obsolete word for yellow, whence
"Yellowstone." According to Clark,
the Indians call this stream "Elk
river," from its head to Powder river,
or only to Rosebud river, while below
that they call it and the Missouri the
"Muddy, or Big Muddy river."
Tso´-t'ai´ñ p'a—"white-rock river;" a creek, perhaps Wanderer creek,
described as a southern tributary of North fork, above Doan's, in
Greer county, Oklahoma.
Tso´t'ai´ñto´ñda´ti—"spring where there is rock above," from tso,
taide, toñtep, and dati; Cedar spring, on Fort Sill road, about
4 miles southward from Anadarko.
Tso´-`t'a`ka´-i or Tso´-`t'a`ka´-i-dombe—"rock white-man (country);"
the Mexicans and their country about Silver City, southwestern New
Mexico. The Kiowa generally kept on friendly terms with them and
traded with them for silver ornaments. The name may have included
also the Chihuahua mountain region. Cf. K`o´p-t'a`ka´-i,
Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i, Ä´-t'a`ka´-i, T'o-t'a`ka´-i.
Tunk-aht-oh-ye—"Tunk-aht-oh-ye, the
Thunderer;" the name of a Kiowa boy,
brother of Gunpã´ñdamä, as given by
Catlin, who painted his picture in
1834. not be identified.
ŭsarĕ´răhu (Pawnee)—a Pawnee moon or month (see page
371).
Wa´băna´ki—Delaware, from one of their own names,
Wa´bana´qki; there is a band of about 100 on the Wichita reservation.
Wi´tapähä´tu (Sioux and Cheyenne)—the Kiowa (see [Kiowa
synonymy]).
wo´ha´—cow; a jargon word used between Indians and whites and
supposed by the Indians to be the English name, from the fact of
having heard it used so frequently in the form of "whoa haw!" by the
early emigrants and Santa Fé traders in driving their ox teams. The
proper Kiowa word is tsenbo.
Woha´te—"Cow;" a Kiowa warrior and
Florida prisoner in 1875.
yä´daldä—hill; there is no fixed distinction
between this word and k`op, mountain,
but the latter is generally understood
to mean a higher and more rocky
elevation. Cf. k`op, ba´dlo´, do´ha´, tso´`ka.
yai´po-gu´ădal—"red sash;" the name of
three of the ten sashes of the Kâ´itse´ñko,
made of red cloth (see page [285]).
yai´po-ko´ñkya—"black sash;" the principal
of the ten sashes of the Kâ´itseñko,
made of black elk skin (see page [285]).
Yä´`pähe´—warrior, soldier (no plural form); the military
organization of the Kiowa (see page [229]). Within the last twenty
years, since their intimate acquaintance with the whites, the old
term has been generally superseded by so´le, plural sole´go, from
"soldier."
yi´a—two.
Yi´a k`op—"two mountains;" Double mountain, between the two
forks of Brazos river, Stonewall county, Texas.
Yi´a k`op p'a—apparently the name of Double-mountain fork of
Brazos river.
Yi´a P´a-da´ti—"at the two creeks," i. e., "at the forks;" the
forks of Washita river, where Gageby creek joins the main stream, on
the western line of Oklahoma. When necessary, it is further described
as near the head of the Washita.
Ze´bä-gi´ăni—"Long-arrows;" an unidentified
band of the Apache proper
(see [Tagu´i].)
ze´bat—arrow, plural zebä. The medicine
lances carried by Set-t'a´iñte and Tän-gu´ădal
were also called ze´bat.
ze´dălbe—terrible, powerful, wonderful,
dangerous; gyäze´dălbe, it is wonderful.
zep—milk, teat.
zepko—bow (for shooting).
Ze´pko-ee´tte—"Big-bow," from zepko,
ee´t, and te; (1) a Kiowa war chief about
1843. (2) his grandson and successor
of the present day, the "Zipkoh Eta"
of Battey.
zo´dal—vomiting; vomit (noun), zo´dal;
I vomit, dehi´ăto.
Zo´daltoñ p'a—"vomiting spring (or
water) creek;" the upper part of Walnut
creek, a southern tributary of the
Washita, on the reservation; so called
on account of a (medicinal?) spring,
near its head, which induces vomiting.
Sometimes known to the whites as
Stinking creek.
zoñ—tooth, plural zoñko.
Zo´ñk`i´a—"Tooth-man;" a Kiowa warrior
and Florida prisoner in 1875; also
known as Ki´ñasâ´hek`i´a, "Green-shield-man,"
from kiñ or kyuñi, sâ´he, and k`ia.
Zo´ñtam—a Kiowa warrior and Florida
prisoner in 1875, afterward educated
in the East and ordained as an Episcopal
minister in 1881 under the name of
Paul Zotom; now with his tribe. The
name refers to biting, from zoñ, tooth.
He is sometimes called P'o´dal-â´dalte,
"Snake-head."
zo´tă´—a corral or driveway for catching
antelope (see page [309]). Kazo´tătso´`ta,
I am going to make a corral; figuratively,
I am going to entrap some one.
Kiowa—Gâ´igwŭ. The popular form occurs
in a number of geographic designations
in the west, among which are the
following: Colorado—Kiowa, Elbert
county; Kiowa creek, a tributary of
South Platte river. Indian Territory—Kiowa,
Choctaw Nation. Kansas—Kiowa,
Barber county; Kiowa county;
Kiowa creek, Comanche county, better
known as Satanta's fork, a tributary of
Cimarron river. Nebraska—Kiowa,
Thayer county; Kiowa creek, Scott
county, a Kiowa village site in 1815.
New Mexico—Kiowa, Colfax county.
Oklahoma—Kiowa creek, Kiowa Medicine-lodge
creek, tributaries of North
Canadian river. Texas—Kiowa creek.
move about, I,—äto´yă; they (inanimate)
——, gyäze´mä.
Muchacho (personal name)—Mo´tsätse´.
mud—tsen.
Mule creek, Oklahoma—Tädalkop p'a.
musselshell (one variety)—k`o´dali´ätoñ.
mustache—se´npo.
Mustang creek (?), Texas—K`a´-ikon p'a.
Myers, Agent W. D.—Maiz.
mysterious—see medicine.
My-young-brother—Pa-con-ta.
name (noun)—kâ´ñgya.
Navaho (tribe)—Ä´bäho´ko, Kotse´nto.
neck—k`odal; see also throat, o´si.
necklace—k`o´dalpä.
negro—ko´ñkyäo´ñk`ia.
nest, to build a—äntsenku´ădal.
New Mexicans, or New Mexico—K`o´p-t'a`ka´-i(-do´mbe),
Tso-t'a`ka´-i(-do´mbe).
Nez Percé (tribe)—´dalk`ato´igo.
Nichols, Agent Lieutenant Maury—Do´guatalta´r'de.
night—gi´ñăgya, gi´ñăto´gya, gi´ñ-kopa´-iñgya.
Night, the—He-pan-ni-gais.
nine—ga´`se.
noon—ki´äsa´.
North creek, Kansas—see Satanta creek,
Kansas.
North Canadian river, Oklahoma—P'o
p'a.
North fork of Red river, Oklahoma—K`op Pe p'a.
nose—mak`o´n.
nostril—sen.
notched—ak`a´.
now—i´ñhogo.
Nueces river, Texas—Donä´i p'a.
Nuevo Leon, Mexico—Ä´-t'a`ka´-i-do´mbe.
oak—do`go´t-ä.
Oak creek, reservation—Ka`do´liä p'a.
ocean—domo´ntoñ.
of (possessive)— -de (suffix).
offspring—see child.
old man—e´dalk`i´a, kyä´`to´.
Omaha (trihe)—O´moho´ñko.
Omaha dance—O´homoñ-gu´ăn.
one—pägo.
One-bear—Set-pä´go.
one-sided—see sloping.
One-who-is-surrendered, the—A-ei-kenda.
orange—see plum, älo´.
Osage (tribe)—K`apä´to, Ä´hyäto.
otter—apeñ.
Otter creek, on reservation—P'o p'a.
owl—mahi´ñ, sa´podal.
Pacer—an Apache chief, who died in 1875;
the name is an American corruption
and misconception of his Mexican
name Peso, signifying "dollar" or
"money," a Spanish rendering of his
proper Apache name Dego. He was a
brother of Goñkoñ, better known as
Apache John.
pain (noun)—kop.
paint, painted—gyä`gu´atda, gu´ădaldă´.
Painted-lips—Tĭ´pinävo´n.
Palo duro—Ä´`go´tä.
Palo-duro creek, in panhandle, Texas—Ä´`go´tä p'a.