Heath's French and English dictionary

by Jean Louis de Lolme

A

a, n.m., the first letter of the alphabet, a. Panse d’a; oval of an a. Il ne sait ni a ni b; he does not know a from b. Il n’a pas fait une panse d’a; he has not done a letter, a stroke. Un homme marqué à l’a; the beau-ideal of a man, a man thoroughly reliable. C’est un homme marqué à l’a; he is the soul of honor.

a (ab.), Altesse; Highness.

aa (ab.), Altesses; Highnesses.

a, at the beginning of French words, often comes from the privative α of the Greeks, and denotes privation; as, atonie, debility; acéphale, acephalous.

à, prep., denotes the end or term of the action of the verb, and indicates the person or thing this action tends to. Aller à Paris; to go to Paris. Parler à quelqu’un; to speak to some one.

à denotes extraction, separation. Oter une bague à quelqu’un; to take a ring from any one. Se soustraire aux poursuites de la justice; to abscond.

à denotes property, possession. Cette montre est à mon frère; this watch is my brother’s. Il a un style, une manière, à lui; he has a style, a manner, all his own. Cette ferme appartient à mon père; that farm belongs to my father.

à denotes period, time. Au lever du soleil; at sunrise. À l’aube du jour; at daybreak. Arriver à temps; to arrive in time. À mon retour; on my return.

à indicates what stops on the surface, or penetrates beyond it. Il a une bague au doigt; he has a ring on his finger. Blessé à l’épaule; wounded in the shoulder.

à establishes the relative distance between things and persons. À portée de canon; within cannon-shot. Il demeure à vingt lieues d’ici; he lives twenty leagues off. De vous à moi; between you and me, from you to me. De Paris à Rouen; from Paris to Rouen.

à points out whatever furnishes an inference or ground for conjecture. À l’œuvre on connait l’ouvrier; the workman is known by his work. Attendre à l’œuvre; to await results.

à denotes succession, gradation, order. Petit à petit; little by little. Un à un; one by one. Traduire mot à mot; to translate word for word, i.e., literally.

à is used in speaking of goods sold or bought by weight, measure, or quantity. Vendre du vin à la bouteille; to sell wine by the bottle. Vendre de la viande à la livre; to sell meat by the pound.

à denotes value, price. Dîner à trois francs par tête; to dine at three francs a head.

à denotes conformity, manner. S’habiller à la Française; to dress after the French fashion. A l’instar de la capitale; after the manner of the capital. À mon avis; in my opinion. Aller à pied, à cheval; to go on foot, to ride on horseback. Marcher à reculons; to walk backwards.

à, between two nouns, makes the second serve to denote the species or quality of the first. Canne à sucre; sugar-cane. Vache à lait; milch-cow.

à, between two numeral adjectives, signifies between, or about. Un homme de quarante à cinquante ans; a man between forty and fifty. Il y a quatre à cinq lieues; it is about four or five leagues distant.

Remark.—The French say quatre à cinq lieues, because leagues are things which may be divided into fractions; but, in speaking of things which cannot be divided, ou must be used. For instance, Quatre ou cinq personnes; four or five persons.

à, before an infinitive, commonly denotes what is proper to be done. Un avis à suivre; an opinion worth following. Un homme à récompenser ou à pendre; a man that deserves to be rewarded or hanged.

à, used in speaking of vehicles, signifies and. Une voiture à quatre chevaux, grandes guides; a carriage and four.

à is used in description instead of the English with. Un homme à barbe blanche; a man with a white beard. Une maison à pignon; a house with a gable, gabled.

a, has.

abaca, n.m., abaca, Manila hemp.

abacus (-kuss), n.m., abacus.

abaisse, n.f., the under-crust of pastry, piece of rolled paste.

abaissé, -e, part., lowered, brought low; dejected; diminished, flattened. Le pal est — (her.); the pale is abased.

abaissement (-bèss-man), n.m., lowering, falling, abatement, depression; humiliation, abasement; (surg.) couching. L’— des eaux; the abatement of the waters. Opération de la cataracte par —; couching.

abaisser, v.a., to let down, to let fall, to lower; to bring low down; to diminish, to reduce; to pull down; (gard.) to lop out; to debase, to cry down; to humble; to roll (paste); (surg.) to couch. — un pont-levis; to let down a drawbridge. — la voix; to lower the voice. Dieu abaisse les superbes; God humbles the proud. Abaisser une cataracte; (surg.) to couch a cataract.

s’abaisser, v.r., to fall, to decrease, to subside, to abate, to decline; to humble one’s self, to stoop, to sink, to cringe. S’— à le prier; to stoop so low as to entreat him.

abaisseur, n.m., (anat.) depressor.

abaisseur, adj., (anat.) depriment. Muscle —; depriment muscle.

abait, n.m., bait. V. appât.

abaiter, v.a., to bait. V. appâter.

abajoue, n.f., (mam.) cheek-pouch; gill, gills.

abalourdir, v.a., (fam.) to make dull and stupid.

abandon, n.m., forsaking, relinquishment, surrender; leaving things at random; abandonment, the being forsaken, forlornness, destitution, ease, unconstraint. Avoir un — séduisant; to have seductive manners. Se livrer avec — à; to indulge in.

à l’abandon, adv., at random, in confusion, at sixes and sevens. Laisser ses enfants à l’—; to neglect one’s children. Un champ qui est à l’—; a field left to run wild.

abandonnataire, n.m.f., (jur.) relessee.

abandonné, -e, part., abandoned, forsaken, given over. Un malade abandonné; a patient given up.

abandonné, -e, adj., abandoned, lost to decency, shameless, graceless, profligate.

abandonné, n.m., -e, n.f., profligate, rake; lewd, wicked, abandoned person.

abandonnement (-do-n-mān), n.m., abandonment, abandoning, forsaking; desertion, the being forsaken; the giving up one’s effects; leaving, quitting; dissoluteness, debauchery.

abandonner, v.a., to abandon, to quit, to leave, to desert, to forsake; to give up, to give over; to leave one at the disposal of; to deliver up; to let loose, let go. Il abandonna le pays; he left the country. — une cause; to give up a cause. — ses prétensions; to give up one’s claims. Mes forces m’abandonnent; my strength is failing me. — une corde; to let go a rope. — la partie; to give up the struggle.

s’abandonner, v.r., to give one’s self up, to addict one’s self, to give way to; to indulge in; to commit one’s self to; to prostitute one’s self; to be easy in one’s manners, to throw off all restraint. S’— à la colère, au plaisir, au hasard; to give way to anger, to indulge in pleasure, to trust to fortune.

☉abannation (-ba-na-), n.f., (jur.) abannition.

☉abaptiste (-ba-tist), adj., (surg.) abaptiston.

abaque, n.m., (arch. antiq.) abacus, plinth, the uppermost part of the capital of a column.

abarticulation, n.f., (anat.) abarticulation, diarthrosis.

abas, n.m., shower (bath), blight (in wheat). V. teigne.

abasourdir, v.a., (fam.) to stun, to dumfound, to astound; to stupefy.

abâtardir, v.a., to render degenerate; to debase, to corrupt, to spoil, to mar, to adulterate. La servitude abâtardit le courage; slavery debases courage. Un homme abâtardi; a degenerate man.

s’abâtardir, v.r., to degenerate, to grow worse.

abâtardissement (-mān), n.m., degeneracy.

abat-chauvée, n.f., (n.p.) flock-wool.

abat-faim (-fin), n.m., (—) large joint, substantial dish.

abat-foin, n.m., (—) opening above the rack to put the hay through; loft-trap.

abat-jour, n.m., (—) (arch.) sky-light, trunk-light; shade for a lamp; window-blind; (bot.) opening.

abattage, n.m., cutting down, felling, clearance (of a forest); (nav.) heaving down; careening; slaughtering (of animals).

☉abattant, n.m., shutter; flap (of a counter); lid.

abattée, n.f., (nav.) casting; falling off to leeward. Faire son —; to cast; to fall off.

abattement (-mān), n.m., faintness, low state, weakness, prostration; dejection, despondency, low spirits; (her.) abatement. Tomber dans l’—; to become low-spirited. Jeter dans l’—; to deject. Qui jette dans l’—; depressive.

abatteur, n.m., feller, knocker-off, slaughterer. C’est un grand — de bois; he is a great braggart.

abattis, n.m., houses, walls, trees, thrown down; the killing of game; giblets (of poultry); garbage; stones hewn down in a quarry; raw hides; slaughter, destruction. Abattis en ragoût; stewed giblets.

abattoir, n.m., slaughter-house.

abattre, v.a., to throw down, to hurl down; to pull down; to beat, to batter down; to bring down; to fell, to cut down, to hew down, to cut off; to knock down; to blow down; to lay (the dust); to let down; to soak (skins); to couch (the cataract); to waste (strength); to dispirit; to dishearten; to unman; to cast down, to depress; to humble. Le vent abattra le blé; the wind will throw the corn down. — un rideau; to let a curtain down. — les cuirs; to skin dead animals. — le pantalon; to remove the trousers. — les peaux; to soak the skins. — un vaisseau pour le caréner; to careen a ship. Un vaisseau dur à —; a ship hard to swing round. — un mât (nav.); to carry away a mast. La moindre chose l’abat; the least thing unmans him. Elle a l’air bien abattu; she looks very dejected. — l’orgueil de quelqu’un; to humble any one’s pride.

abattre, v.n., to lay down one’s cards (at play); (nav.) to fall off to leeward, to cast. Le vaisseau s’abat; the ship is driving to leeward.

s’abattre, v.r., to fall, to tumble down; to stoop; to abate; to be cast down, dejected; to break down (of horses); to burst (of a storm); to despond; to pounce upon. Le vent s’abat; the wind is falling. La chaleur s’abat; the heat is abating. Un orage terrible va s’abattre sur nous; a dreadful storm is about to burst upon us.

abattu, -e, adj., pulled, broken, cast down; depressed, dejected; humbled, crest-fallen. Je me sens tout —; I am quite out of spirits. Un visage —; a woe-begone countenance.

abattures, n.f.pl., (hunt.) abature; foiling (of a stag).

abat-vent, n.m., penthouse (of a steeple); pentice, wind-screen, louvre window.

abat-voix, n.m., sounding-board (of a pulpit).

abbatial (-cial), -e, adj., abbatial, abbatical.

abbaye (abéi), n.f., monastery, abbey. Administration d’une —; abbacy.

abbé, n.m., abbé, abbot, priest. Monsieur l’abbé, your Reverence.

abbesse, n.f., abbess. Dignité, fonctions, d’abbé, d’abbesse; abbotship.

abc, n.m., a, b, c, alphabet, primer; a, b, c, book; elements, rudiments, spelling-book. Apprendre son —; to learn one’s letters. Être à l’— de; to be at the a, b, c, of. Renvoyer quelqu’un à l’—; to make a person begin all over again.

abcéder, v.n., to form into an abscess, to apostemate, to gather, to come to a head.

abcès, n.m., abscess, apostem, gathering. Former, vider, un —; to form, to take the matter out of, an abscess. — aux gencives; gumboil.

abcisse, n.f. V. abscisse.

abdication, n.f., abdication; (jur.) disinheritance of a son during his father’s life-time; renunciation of (property). Faire —; to abdicate.

abdiquer, v.a., to abdicate, to resign, to forswear.

abdomen (-mè-n), n.m., abdomen.

abdominal, -e, adj., abdominal.

abducteur, adj., (anat.) abducent.

abducteur, n.m., abductor.

abduction, n.f., (anat. and log.) abduction.

s’abéausir, v.n., (nav.) to become fine (of weather at sea).

abécédaire, adj., of the a, b, c. Ouvrage —; child’s first-book.

abécédaire, n.m., alphabet, primer, spelling-book.

abecquer, v.a., to feed a bird.

abée, n.f., mill-dam.

*abeille, n.f., bee. — bourdon; bumble-bee. — domestique; hive bee. — mère; queen bee. — ouvrière; working bee. Ruche d’—s; bee-hive. Eleveur d’—; bee-master. Essaim d’—s; swarm of bees.

abeillé, -e, adj. & part., covered, ornamented with bees.

abéquer. V. abecquer.

aberration, n.f., aberration; (sciences) alienation. — de réfrangibilité; Newtonian aberration. Cercle d’—; crown of aberration.

abêtir, v.a., to stupefy; to stultify. V. hébéter.

abêter, v.n., s’abêtir, v.r., to grow stupid.

ab hoc et ab hac, adv., at random; confusedly.

abhorrer, v.a., to abhor, detest, loathe.

s’abhorrer, v.r., to abominate, loathe one another.

abîme, n.m., unfathomable depth, abyss, hell; a thing most abstruse or obscure; dipping-mold (for candles); (her.) the middle of the shield; fesse-point, heart point.

abîmé, -e, part., swallowed up, ingulfed, destroyed, spoiled. — de dettes; over head and ears in debt.

abîmer, v.a., to overthrow, to ingulf, to swallow up; to destroy entirely, to cut up, to crush; to spoil, to injure.

abîmer, v.n., to be destroyed, to be swallowed up, to sink; to perish, to be crushed.

s’abîmer, v.r., to fall into an abyss, to sink; to ruin, to undo one’s self; to be spoiled.

ab intestat, adv., abintestate. Succession —; intestate’s estate; intestacy.

ab irato, adv., in an angry fit. Parler, agir, —; to speak, to act, under the influence of anger.

abject, -e (-jékt), adj., abject, base, mean, low, vile, despicable.

abjectement, adv., abjectly.

abjection, n.f., abjection, baseness; humiliation; vileness, meanness.

abjuration, n.f., solemn renunciation, abjuration.

abjuratoire, adj., abjuratory. — acte; act of abjuration.

abjurer, v.a., to abjure, to deny, to forswear, to renounce. — une opinion; to abandon an opinion.

ablactation, n.f., (med.) ablactation, weaning.

ablais, n.m., (jurisp.) corn, either standing or cut down, but not carried or carted away.

ablaquéation, n.f., (gard.) ablaqueation.

ablatif, n.m., (gram.) ablative.

ablation, n.f., (surg.) ablation.

ablativo, (triv.) adv., in confusion; higgledy-piggledy.

able, n.m., or ablette, n.f., (fish) ablet, bleak.

ablégat, n.m., ablegate.

☉ablégation, n.m., ablegation.

ablepsie, n.f., (med.) ablepsy.

ablier, n.m., (fish.) purse-net; hoop-net.

☉abluant, -e, adj., (med.) abluent, cleansing.

☉abluer, v.a., to revive old writing, to wash with gall-nut.

ablution, n.f., ablution, washing, purification. Faire ses —s; to perform one’s ablutions.

abnégation, n.f., abnegation, renunciation, sacrifice. — de soi-même; self-denial. Faire — de; to renounce, set aside.

aboi, n.m., barking, baying.

aboiement or aboîment (-boa-mān), n.m., barking, baying.

abois, n.m.pl., despairing condition, last shift, distress. Aux —; at bay, hard up, at one’s wits’ end. Mettre aux —; to drive to extremities. La place est aux —; the place, citadel, can hold out no longer, is in desperate straits.

abolir, v.a., to abolish, to repeal, to annul. — un impôt; to take off a tax.

s’abolir, v.r., to fall into disuse, to become obsolete.

abolissable, adj., abolishable.

abolissement (-mān), n.m., abolishment.

abolition, n.f., abolition; royal pardon; repeal.

abolitionniste, n.m., abolitionist.

abominable, adj., abominable, execrable.

abominablement, adv., abominably.

abomination, n.f., abomination, detestation. Avoir en —; to abominate, to hold in detestation. Être en —; to be detested.

abondamment (-da-mān), adv., abundantly.

abondance, n.f., abundance, plenty, copiousness, plentifulness; multitude, affluence; richness, fullness (of language); weak wine-and-water (in schools). Corne d’—; horn of plenty, cornucopia. — de biens; opulence. Vivre, être, dans l’—; to live in plenty. Parler avec —; to speak fluently. Ecrire, parler, d’—; to write, to speak, extempore, offhand. — de biens ne nuit pas; store is no sore.

abondant, -e, adj., abounding, plentiful, copious; fruitful, exuberant, teeming, voluble, diffusive. Une langue —e; a copious language.

abonder, v.n., to abound in or with, to be full of; to overflow. Il abonde dans votre sens; he supports your opinion; he has come round to; he concurs in. — dans son sens; to be wedded to one’s own opinion.

abonné, n.m., -e, n.f., subscriber (to periodicals, theatres, &c.).

abonnement (-mān), n.m., subscription (to periodicals, theatres, &c.); agreement. Les —s sont suspendus pour ce soir (of places of amusement); season-tickets not available this evening.

abonner, v.a., to subscribe for.

s’abonner, v.r., to subscribe; to compound for. On s’abonne à; subscriptions are received at.

☉abonnir, v.a., to better, to mend, to improve.

☉abonnir, v.n., s’abonnir, v.r., to mend, to grow better.

☉abonnissement (-nis-mān), n.m., (fam.), improvement, amelioration.

abord, n.m., landing; arrival; access; admittance, approach; attack, onset. Avoir l’— facile; to be easy of access. De prime —; at first sight.

à bord, adv., aboard, on board.

d’abord, adv., first, at first, at first sight. Tout d’abord, au premier abord, dès l’abord; at first, from the very first. Dès l’abord, j’ai senti que je devais ... I felt, from the very first, that I ought ... or was to ...

abordable, adj., accessible, accostable, of easy access; approachable.

abordage, n.m., (nav.) landing; boarding; fouling. Aller or sauter à l’—; to board a ship, grapple.

aborder, v.n., to arrive at; to land.

aborder, v.a., to come near, to come to, to come up with; to board, to run foul of (a ship); to accost; to broach, handle (a subject). — un vaisseau ennemi; to board an enemy’s ship. — par accident; to run foul of. Il m’a abordé dans la rue; he accosted me in the street.

s’aborder, v.r., to run foul of each other; to come up with one another.

abordeur, n.m., boarding vessel.

aborigène, adj., first, original, aboriginal.

aborigènes, n.m., pl., aborigines.

abornement, n.m. V. délimitation.

aborner, v.a. V. délimiter.

aborti-f, -ve, adj., abortive.

abot, n.m., clog (for horses’ fore feet).

abouchement (-boosh-mān), n.m., interview, conference, parley; (anat.) anastomosis, inosculation.

aboucher, v.a., to bring together, to confer.

s’aboucher, v.r., to have an interview; to confer with; to place one’s self in communication with; (anat.) to inosculate.

about, n.m., (carp.) end, butt-end.

abouté, -e, adj., placed end to end.

aboutement (-boot-mān), n.m., (carp.) but, abutment.

abouter, v.a., to join end to end.

aboutir, v.n., to join; to border upon; to meet; (surg.) to burst; to come to; to tend to; to end in. N’— à rien; to come to nothing; to end in smoke. Ce champ aboutit à un marais; this field borders upon a fen. Faire — un abcès; to bring an abscess to a head. S’aboutir (gard.); to bud, be covered with buds.

aboutissant, -e, adj., bordering upon.

aboutissants (rarely used without the word tenants), n.m., pl., boundaries of an estate; abuttals, particulars; connections. Je n’aime pas les tenants et — de cet homme; I do not like the set by which that man is surrounded. Savoir les tenants et — d’une affaire; to know all about a thing.

aboutissement (-mān), n.m., eking piece (tailoring); (surg.) the drawing to a head.

ab ovo, adv., from the very beginning.

aboyant, -e, adj., barking.

aboyer, v.n., to bark, to bay, to yelp; to dun. Il aboie après tout le monde; he snarls at everybody. — après quelque chose; to long for a thing, covet a thing. — à la lune; to bark when one cannot bite; to complain in vain.

aboyeur, n.m., barker; snarler; dun; touter; link-man (at the door of a theatre): (orni.) greenshank. Ce journaliste n’est qu’un —; this journalist is nothing but a snarling critic.

abrac, n.m., abraxas.

abracadabra, n.m., abracadabra (magical word).

abraquer, v.a., (nav.) to haul taut.

abrasion, n.m., (med.) abrasion, excoriation.

abraxas, n.m., abracadabra.

abrégé, -e, adj., short, summary.

abrégé, n.m., abridgment, compendium, epitome, abstract, summary. En —; in a few words, briefly. Réduire en —; to epitomize.

abréger, v.a., to abridge, to shorten, to epitomize; to abbreviate, to cut down, to cut short. Pour —; to be brief.

s’abréger, v.r., to become short, or shorter.

abreuvage, abreuvement, n.m., watering, soaking, steaming, priming.

abreuver, v.a., to water, to give drink to; to make drink; to soak, to drench; to fill; (paint.) to prepare, to prime; to soak (wood).

s’abreuver de, v.r., (of animals) to go to water; to drink plentifully; to be steeped in. S’— de larmes; to shed copious tears. S’— de douleurs; to be filled with grief; to drain to the dregs the cup of sorrow. Un cœur abreuvé de fiel; a heart steeped in gall.

abreuvoir, n.m., watering-place, horse-pond; (mas.) abreuvoir. — à mouches (burlesque style); a large wound or gash on the head or face.

abréviateur, n.m., abbreviator, abridger.

abréviati-f, -ve, adj., abbreviatory, abridging, abbreviating.

abréviation, n.f., abbreviation, contraction.

abri, n.m., shelter, cover. Être sous l’— d’un bois; to be sheltered by a wood. Sans —; homeless. Donner un — à; to shelter. À l’—; sheltered, under cover. Être à l’—; to be under shelter. Être à l’— du vent; to be sheltered from the wind. À l’— de la persécution; safe from persecution. Mettre à l’—; to shelter, screen.

abricot, n.m., apricot.

abricoté, n.m., candied apricot.

abricotier, n.m., apricot-tree.

abrier, v.a., (nav.) to becalm; to belee.

abriter, v.a., to shelter, to shield, to screen, to shade, to protect; (nav.) to becalm, belee.

abrité, -e, adj., (gard.) sheltered.

s’abriter, v.r., to shelter one’s self; to take shelter; to assist. Abritez-vous mutuellement; mutually assist each other.

abrivent, n.m., (gard.) matting, screen; shelter; sentry-box; hut.

abrogation, n.f., abrogation, repeal; annulment.

abroger, v.a., to abrogate, to repeal, to annul.

s’abroger, v.r., to fall into disuse, to grow obsolete.

abrome, n.m., (bot.) abroma.

abrouti, -e, adj., nipped, browsed.

abroutissement (-mān), n.m., damage done to trees by cattle browsing.

abrupt, -e, adj., rugged, craggy; (bot.) abrupt.

abruption, n.f., abruption; (surg.) rupture, fracture.

ex abrupto, adv., adj., suddenly, bluntly, off-hand, on the spur of the moment; abrupt, impetuous.

abrutir, v.a., to stupefy, to besot, to brutalize.

s’abrutir, v.r., to become stupid, to be besotted, to get brutalized.

abrutissant, -e, adj., brutalizing, stupefying.

abrutissement (-mān), n.m., brutishness, stupor, sottishness.

abrutisseur, n.m., brutalizer; adj., stupefying, brutalizing.

abscisse, n.f., (geom.) abscissa.

absence, n.f., absence, inadvertence, want of. — d’esprit; absence of mind. Avoir des —s d’esprit; to have fits of absence. Remarquer l’— de; to miss.

absent, -e, adj., absent, out of the way, missing, wanting; (of the mind) wandering.

absent, n.m., one absent, absentee. Les —s ont toujours tort; the absent are always in the wrong.

s’absenter, v.r., to absent one’s self; to keep out of the way.

absentéisme, n.m., absenteeism.

abside, n.f., (arch. and rel.) apse.

absinthe, n.f., absinthe, wormwood; bitters.

absolu, n.m., absolute, existing independent of any other cause.

absolu, -e, adj., absolute; arbitrary, despotical, unlimited; peremptory; magisterial; positive, unconditional; full, strict.

absolument, adv., absolutely, arbitrarily, peremptorily; positively, indispensably, fully. Il refusa —; he gave a flat denial.

absolution, n.f., absolution; acquittal; discharge. Sans avoir reçu l’—; unabsolved.

absolutisme, n.m., absolutism.

absolutiste, n.m.f., partisan of absolute power.

absolutoire, adj., absolutory.

absorbable, adj., absorbable.

absorbant, -e, adj., absorptive, absorbent.

absorbent, n.m., absorbent.

absorbé, -e, part., absorbed, engrossed, rapt in. Il est — dans l’étude; he is absorbed in study.

absorbement, n.m., absorption (of mind).

absorber, v.a., to absorb, to swallow up; to drink in, to consume, to waste; to engross, to occupy entirely; to take up.

s’absorber, v.r., to be absorbed, or swallowed up.

absorption, n.f., absorption.

absoudre (absolvant, absous), v.a., to absolve, to acquit, to bring in not guilty, to clear; to give absolution.

absou-s, -te, part., acquitted, absolved, discharged.

absoute, n.f., (c.rel.) general absolution.

abstème, adj., abstemious.

abstème, n.m.f., abstainer.

abstenant, -e, n.m.f., abstainer, total abstainer, teetotaler.

s’abstenir, v.r., to abstain, to refrain, to forbear, to forego. S’— de vin; to abstain from wine.

abstention, n.f., abstention, abstinency; withdrawal of a judge from a trial.

abstergent, -e, adj., (med.) cleansing; abstersive; abstergent.

abstergent, n.m., (med.) abstergent, detergent.

absterger, v.a., to absterge; to cleanse.

abstersi-f, -ve, adj., (med.) abstersive, cleansing.

abstersion, n.f., (surg.) abstersion.

abstinence, n.f., abstinence, temperance, sobriety, fasting.

abstinent, -e, adj., abstemious, sober.

abstracti-f, -ve, adj., abstractive.

abstraction, n.f., absence of mind, abstraction. Avoir des —s; to have fits of absence. Par —; abstractedly. — faite de; setting aside; exclusive of.

abstractivement (-mān), adv., abstractly, separately.

abstraire (abstrayant, abstrait), v.a., to draw from, to separate, to abstract.

abstrait, -e, adj., abstract; abstruse; inattentive, absent-minded.

abstraitement (-trèt-mān), adv., abstractedly, separately.

abstrus, -e, adj., abstruse, intricate, difficult; dark, obscure, recondite.

absurde, adj., absurd, nonsensical, foolish, irrational, preposterous. Réduire une opinion à l’—; to show the absurdity of an opinion. Tomber dans l’—; to fall into the absurd.

absurdement, adv., absurdly, nonsensically.

absurdité, n.f., absurdity, nonsense, preposterousness, foolishness.

abus, n.m., abuse, misuse, breach (of a thing); grievance; error. Réformer, corriger, les —; to redress grievances, nuisances. Appel comme d’— (leg.); appeal by writ of error.

abuser, v.n., to abuse, to impose on, to misuse, to use ill, to make a bad use of, to misemploy. Vous abusez de ma patience; you take advantage of my patience.

abuser, v.a., to cheat, to deceive, to delude, to gull.

s’abuser, v.r., to mistake, to be mistaken, to deceive one’s self.

abuseur, n.m., (l.u.), cheat, deceiver, impostor.

abusi-f, -ve, adj., abusive, improper, against rules, custom.

abusivement (-mān), adv., abusively, improperly.

abuter, v.a., to throw for first go, aim. v.n., (shipbuilding) to abut.

abyme, n.m. V. abîme.

acabit, n.m., quality (of fruits, vegetables); quality, stamp, kidney (of persons). Cet homme est d’un bon —; he is a good sort of fellow. Ce sont des gens du même —; they are all tarred with the same brush.

acacia, n.m., acacia; gum-tree.

académicien (-si-in), n.m., academician.

académie, n.f., academy, society of learned men; academy (division of the University of France); academy (Plato’s); university; ☉riding-school; pupils, school. Tenir —; to keep a gaming-house; (paint.) academy figure.

académique, adj., belonging to an academy, academical.

académiquement (-mik-mān), adv., academically.

☉académiser, v.n., to paint from a model.

académiste, n.m., academist, pupil.

*acagnarder, v.a., (fam.) to accustom to sloth; to make idle.

s’acagnarder, v.r., to grow slothful, to lead an idle life; to become besotted.

acajou, n.m., mahogany. Noix d’—; cashew nut. Pomme d’—; cashew apple.

acanthe, n.f., acanthus, bear’s foot.

acare or acarus, n.m., acarus, itch, animalcule, mite.

acariâtre, adj., crabbed, cross-grained, waspish, shrewish.

acariâtreté, n.f., peevishness, crabbedness.

acariens, n.m.pl., (ent.) acaridae.

acatalecte, acatalectique, n.m. and adj., acatalectic.

acatalepsie, n.f., (med.) acatalepsy.

acataleptique, adj., acataleptic.

acaule, adj., (bot.) acaulous, acaulose.

accablant, -e, adj., grievous, oppressive, insufferable, overwhelming; annoying, crushing, sweltering.

accablé, -e, adj., dejected, depressed. Être —; to be extremely low-spirited.

accablement, n.m., heaviness, languor, grief, dejection of spirits, oppression, discouragement. Être dans l’—; to be in the greatest dejection.

accabler, v.a., to crush, to bear down, to overwhelm; to throw, to weigh, to press down; to overload; to overpower; to afflict; to deject, to depress, to overwhelm; to load with, to heap on.

accalmie, n.f., (nav.) lull.

accaparement (-mān), n.m., monopoly, engrossment, forestalling, buying up.

accaparer, v.a., to engross, to monopolize, to forestall; to swallow up, to buy up.

accapareu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., monopolist, engrosser, forestaller, monopolizer.

*accastillage, n.m., the space occupied by the forecastle and quarter-deck; upper-work.

*accastiller, v.a., to provide a ship with a fore and a hind-castle.

*accastillé, -e, adj., (of a ship) having a fore and a hind-castle. Haut —; with high upper works.

accéder, v.n., to accede, to comply with, to agree to, consent.

accélérat-eur, -rice, adj., accelerative.

accélération, n.f., acceleration, haste, dispatch.

accéléré, -e, adj., accelerated, quickened. Au pas —; in double quick time. Pas —; quick march.

accélérer, v.a., to accelerate, to quicken; to despatch, to forward, to hasten.

☉accenser or acenser, v.a., to lease, to let, to rent, to annex, to join, to unite.

accent, n.m., stress of the voice, accent, note; pronunciation, emphasis, expression. — aigu, circonflexe, grave; acute, circumflex, grave, accent. — nasillard; twang. — très-fortement prononcé; broad accent. Sans —; unaccented. Prêtez l’oreille à mes —s; hearken to my strain.

accenteur, n.m., (ornith.) accentor.

accentuation, n.f., accentuation.

accentué, -e, adj., accented, accentuated.

accentuer, v.a., to accent, to accentuate, to lay stress on.

acceptable, adj., acceptable, worth accepting.

acceptant, n.m., (jur.) accepter.

acceptation, n.f., acceptance.

accepter, v.a., to accept, to receive, to admit; to resign one’s self to. Qui vaut la peine d’être accepté; worth accepting.

accepteur, n.m., (com.) acceptor.

☉acceptilation, n.f., acceptilation.

acception, n.f., respect, regard; (of words) sense, meaning, acceptation. — de personnes; respect of persons.

accès, n.m., access, approach, admittance, attack, fit (of fever), paroxysm, madness. Par —; by fits and starts.

accessibilité, n.f., accessibility.

accessible, adj., accessible, approachable, easy to come at.

accession, n.f., access, entry; accession; adhesion.

accessit (-sit), n.m., the second best, the first after the prizeman (in academies, schools). Proxime —; honorable mention.

accessoire, adj., accessory, additional.

accessoire, n.m., accessory, minor; (paint.) accessory; (thea.) property. Fournisseur d’—s or chef d’—; property-man.

accessoirement, adv., accessorily.

accident, n.m., accident, incident, casualty; (paint.) accident; (med.) symptom, complication; (mus.) incidental; irregularity, undulation (in ground). Par —; accidentally.

accidenté, -e, adj., rough, uneven, unequal, broken, hilly (of ground); picturesque.

accidentel, -le, adj., accidental, adventitious, incidental; fortuitous, eventual, casual.

accidentellement (-mān), adv., accidentally, casually, by chance.

accipitres, n.m.pl., accipiters.

accipitrin, -e, adj., accipitrine.

accise, n.f., inland duty, excise. Préposé a l’—; exciseman.

acclamation, n.f., acclamation, shout, cheering, huzza, applause. Saluer par des —s; to cheer.

acclamer, v.a., to acclaim, to applaud, to hail, to welcome.

acclamper, v.a., (nav.) to clamp.

acclimatable, adj., acclimatizable.

acclimatation, acclimatement, n.f., acclimatization.

acclimater, v.a., to acclimatize, to accustom to a climate.

s’acclimater, v.r., to become acclimatized.

accointance, n.f., (fam. and b.s.) acquaintance, commerce, intimacy, connection.

s’accointer, v.r., to become or get intimately acquainted with any one.

accoisement, n.m., appeasement.

accoiser, v.a., to appease, calm, quiet. S’—, v.r., to become appeased; to end.

accolade, n.f., embrace, hug; accolade; (cook. —, mus. — print.) brace; a crooked line. — brisée; (print.) half-brace. Une — de lapereaux; a brace of rabbits. Donner l’— à; to embrace, to dub a knight. Recevoir l’—; to be made a knight.

accolader, v.a., to bracket.

accolage, n.m., tying up; nailing up.

accolé, -e, part., (her.) joined together.

accolement, n.m., joining, uniting; union.

accoler, v.a., to hug, to embrace; to place side by side; to couple; (hort.) to prop, to tie up.

accolure, n.f., (agri.) a band of straw, osier.

accommodable, adj., that may be arranged; accommodable.

accommodage, n.m., the dressing of meat, cooking; hair-dressing.

accommodant, -e, adj., accommodating, complying, courteous.

accommodé, -e, part., favored, fitted up, adjusted; (cook.) dressed; well off, well to do.

accommodement (-mān), n.m., accommodation, agreement, arrangement, composition; settlement; reconciliation; way, medium. Un homme d’—; a man easy to deal with. En venir à un —; to come to terms.

accommoder, v.a., to adapt, to accommodate, to fit, to make up; to mend, to improve; to reconcile, to conciliate; to adjust; to be convenient; to dress, to trim; to cook; to treat, to serve out; to thrash; to let have, to sell. Ceci vous accommodera-t-il? will this suit you?

s’accommoder, v.r., to agree, to come to terms; to accommodate one’s self; to suit; to make free with; to be pleased with, to put up with. — à tout; to put up with anything. — de tout; to be pleased with everything.

*accompagnat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., (mus.) accompanist.

*accompagnement (-mān), n.m., accompanying; attendance, retinue; accompaniment; accessory, appendix. — de quatuor; accompaniment for stringed instruments. — d’harmonie; accompaniment for wind instruments. — à grand orchestre; full accompaniment.

*accompagner, v.a., to accompany, to escort, to wait on, to attend; to be of the retinue, to follow; to match, to suit with; to add, to back; to be the accompanist. J’ai eu l’honneur de l’— chez elle; I had the honor of seeing her home.

s’accompagner, v.r., to be accompanied; to accompany one’s self (on an instrument).

accompli, -e, adj., accomplished, performed, fulfilled; complete; faultless, perfect. Une beauté —; a perfect beauty.

accomplir, v.a., to accomplish, to effect; to finish, to complete; to fulfill, to make good. — sa promesse; to carry out one’s promise.

s’accomplir, v.r., to be accomplished, to be performed, to be past.

accomplissement (-mān), n.m., accomplishment, fulfillment; completion, execution, observance.

accon, n.m., small lighter, punt.

accoquiner. V. acoquiner.

accorage, n.m., propping.

accord, n.m., agreement, bargain, contract, convention, settlement, stipulation; consent, concurrence; good understanding, unity; (mus.) accord, chord; (paint.) harmony, accord. Être d’—; demeurer d’—; tomber d’—; to agree, to be agreed. Mettre d’—; to reconcile. D’—; granted, done. D’un commun —; by common consent. Être d’—; (mus.) to be in tune. Tenir d’—; to keep in tune.

accordable, adj., grantable, that may be granted; (mus.) tunable; (of men) reconcilable.

*accordailles, n.f.pl., (pop.) the ceremony of signing the articles of marriage, espousals.

accordant, -e, adj., (mus.) accordant, tunable, harmonious, concordant.

accorde! int. (nav.) now! (order given to rowers to pull together).

accordé, n.m., -e, n.f., bridegroom, bride (after the marriage articles are signed); one who is betrothed, granted.

accordéon, n.m., accordion.

accorder, v.a., to grant, to allow, to accord, to give, to allot, to bestow, to concede; to admit, to give up; to make friends, to reconcile; (gram.) to make agree; (mus.) to tune, to string. — mal; to mistune. Accordez vos flûtes; agree upon it between you.

s’accorder, v.r., to agree, to suit, to be suited, to accord, to correspond; to square; to join, to concur. S’— du prix; to agree upon the price. Il ne s’accorde pas avec lui-même; he is inconsistent with himself.

accordeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., tuner (of instruments). Clef d’—; tuning-hammer.

accordoir, n.m., tuning-hammer.

accore, n.f., (nav.) shore, prop, stanchion.

accore, adj., bluff, steep.

accorer, v.a., (nav.) to shore up, to prop, to stay, to wedge.

accorné, -e, adj., (her.) horned.

accort, -e, adj., flexible, complying, courteous, affable.

accortise, n.f., complaisance, affability, courtesy.

accostable, adj., (l.u.) accostable, easy of access. Il n’est pas —; he is not approachable.

accoste, n.m., (nav.) order to bring alongside.

accoster, v.a., to accost, to make up to, to come or go up to one, to join, to couple; (nav.) to come alongside.

s’accoster de, v.r., to keep company with, to make acquaintance with, to frequent.

accotar, n.m. V. accotoir.

accotement, n.m., (engineering) driftway; (rail.) bank, outer way.

accoter, v.a., to prop up, to support, to bear up, to lean; (hort.) to dung, to match, to screen.

s’accoter, v.r., to lean on anything, to support one’s self.

accotoir, n.m., prop, leaning-stock, stanchion; (nav.) stay, shore.

accouchée, n.f., a woman in child-bed, lying-in woman.

accouchement (-koosh-mān), n.m., child-bed; delivery, confinement, accouchement; obstetrics; midwifery. Hôpital des —s; lying-in hospital. Faire un —; to deliver a woman.

accoucher, v.n., to lie in, to be brought to bed, to be delivered. — avant terme; to miscarry. Accouchez donc! (fam.) come, out with it!

accoucher, v.a., to deliver a woman.

accoucheur, n.m., man-midwife, accoucheur.

accoucheuse, n.f., a midwife.

s’accouder, v.r., to lean on one’s elbow.

accoudoir, n.m., anything to lean the elbow upon, elbow-rest, sill, rail.

accouer, v.a., to tie the halter of the first horse to the tail of the second, and so on; to wound a stag in the shoulder, to ham-string him.

accoulins, n.m.pl., alluvion; clay for making bricks.

accouple, n.f., leash, brace, couple.

accouplement, n.m., coupling, pairing, joining or yoking together; copulation.

accoupler, v.a., to couple; to tack or join together; to yoke; to match, to pair. — des bœufs; to yoke oxen.

s’accoupler, v.r., to couple, to copulate; to pair.

accourcie, n.f., short cut; a passage formed in a ship’s hold, to go fore and aft.

accourcir, v.a., to shorten, to make shorter, to abridge.

s’accourcir, v.r., to shorten, to grow shorter, to decrease.

accourcissement (-mān), n.m., shortening, diminution.

accourir, v.n., to run to, to hasten, to flock together, to run at, to rush at.

accoutré, -e, part., accoutred, dressed.

accoutrement, n.m., (jest. or iron.) garb, dress, gear.

accoutrer, v.a., (jest. or iron.) to dress out, rig out.

s’accoutrer, v.r., to dress one’s self out in, to rig one’s self out.

☉accoutumance, n.f., habit, custom.

accoutumé, -e, adj., accustomed, habitual, used to. À l’—e; as usual, customarily.

accoutumer, v.a., to accustom, to use, to habituate; to inure.

accoutumer, v.n., to use, to be wont.

s’accoutumer, v.r., to accustom, to use, to inure one’s self.

☉accouvé, -e, (fam.) adj., brooding over (the fire).

accréditer, v.a., to accredit; to give reputation, credit, sanction to; to bring into vogue, to procure esteem, to confirm, to spread (rumors).

s’accréditer, v.r., to get a name or reputation, to get into credit; to ingratiate one’s self.

accrétion, n.f., (med.) accretion.

accroc (-krô), n.m., impediment, hitch, hindrance; rent, tear. Faire un — à; to tear.

☉accroche, n.f., hindrance, obstacle, hitch.

accroche-cœur, n.m., (—) (curl) heart-breaker, kiss-curl. En —; curled up, twisted.

accrochement, n.m., locking (of carriages); difficulty, hitch, delay.

accrocher, v.a., to hang up or upon, to hook; to catch, to tear; to get, to pick up; to lock, to get locked with; to grapple (a ship); to delay, stop, put off, pawn. — sa montre; to pawn one’s watch. Il lui à accroché de l’argent; he has done him out of some money.

s’accrocher, v.r., to catch in; to hang on; to lay hold of, to cling to.

accroire, v.a., to believe. Faire — à; to make believe. En faire — à quelqu’un; to impose upon any one. S’en faire —; to be self-conceited, to overrate one’s self.

accroissement, n.m., increase, growth, enlargement, extension, development.

accroître, v.a., to increase, to enlarge, to amplify, to augment, to raise.

accroître, v.n., to increase, to augment.

s’accroître, v.r., to increase, to grow; to be augmented or advanced, to improve.

accroupi, -e, adj., squat, cowering, crouching.

s’accroupir, v.r., to sit down upon the hams or heels, to squat, to crouch.

accroupissement (-mān), n.m., cowering, squatting, crouching.

accru, n.m., sprig produced by roots, shoot.

accrue, n.f., increase of land caused by the retiring of waters; encroachment by trees on adjoining land.

*accueil (-keu), n.m., reception, welcome, greeting; (com.) protection, honor (of bills). Faire —; to receive kindly (of bills), to meet. Recevoir bon —; to meet with due honor, protection; to be greeted, welcomed; (com.) to be met, honored (of bills).

*accueillir (-keu-), v.a., to receive, to make welcome, to entertain; to hail; to overtake; to assail; (com.) to honor; to protect. Être bien accueilli; to be received with a hearty welcome. La tempête nous accueillit; the storm overtook us.

accul, n.m., place that has no egress; blind alley; small bay, cove; (hunt.) terrier, lodge, hole; breeching (of a cannon).

acculer, v.a., to bring to a stand; to drive into a corner; to drive into a place from which there is no escape; (hunt.) to run home.

acculer, v.n., (of carts) to hang backwards.

accumulat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., accumulator.

accumulation, n.f., accumulation.

accumuler, v.a., to accumulate, to heap up, to store, to amass. — crime sur crime; to heap crime upon crime.

s’accumuler, v.r., to accumulate, to increase.

accusable, adj., accusable, impeachable, chargeable.

accusat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., accuser, indicter, impeacher.

accusatif, n.m., (gram.) accusative case. A l’—; in the accusative.

accusation, n.f., accusation, indictment, impeachment, charge; complaint; prosecution. Chef d’—; count of an indictment. Mise en —; arraignment. Intenter une —; to prefer an indictment. Mettre en —; to impeach. Prononcer la mise en —; to find a true bill.

accusatoire, adj., accusatory.

accusé, n.m., -e, n.f., accused, prisoner, culprit. — de réception; (com.) acknowledgment of letter, receipt.

accuser, v.a., to accuse of, to charge with; to indict, to impeach; to reproach, to tax; to blame; to dispute the validity of a deed; to mention, to give notice; (fig.) to show, to indicate, to betray, to attest. — réception d’une lettre; to acknowledge the receipt of a letter.

s’accuser, v.r., to accuse one’s self.

acéphale, adj., acephalous, without a head.

acéphales, n.m.pl., acephala.

acérain, -e, adj., relating to steel, steely.

acerbe, adj., sour, sharp, acerb; harsh, bitter.

acerbité, n.f., acerbity, harshness; bitterness.

acéré, -e, adj., steely, steeled; sharp, keen, sharp-edged; acerose.

acérer, v.a., to steel.

☉acéreu-x, -se, adj., acerose, needle-shaped.

acescence, n.f., acescency, acidifying.

acescent, -e, adj., acescent.

acétabule, n.m., acetabulum.

acétate, n.m., acetate.

acéteu-x, -se, adj., acetous.

acétique, adj., acetic.

achalandage, n.m., custom, connection; good will and fixtures.

achalandé, -e, part., having custom. Boutique bien —e; a well-frequented shop, doing or driving a good trade.

achalander, v.a., to get custom, to procure customers, to procure custom to.

s’achalander, v.r., to get or draw, attract, customers.

acharné, -e, adj., fleshed; rabid; infuriated; implacable; desperate; obstinate; intense. Un combat —; a desperate fight. Une haine —e; an implacable hatred.

acharnement, n.m., tenacity; rancor, blind fury; stubbornness, ill-nature; obstinacy, desperation. Avec —; unmercifully. C’est de l’—; this is rank fury.

acharner, v.a., to flesh; to rouse, to madden; to set on; to embitter, to envenom.

s’acharner, v.r., to be intent, bent, set upon; to set one’s heart upon; to persist in; to be infuriated, implacable. Il s’acharne à l’étude; his heart is set upon study.

☉achars, n.m.pl., Indian pickles.

achat, n.m., purchase, purchasing, buying; bargain. Faire des —s; to purchase.

ache, n.f., (bot.) smallage.

achée, n.f., worms, gentles, bait.

acheminement (ash-mi-n-mān), n.m., step; preparatory measure, means, way, dispatch.

acheminer (ash-mi-né), v.a., to forward, to send on.

s’acheminer, v.r., to set out or forward, to make one’s way towards; to begin one’s journey; to proceed towards; to get on.

acheter (ash-té), v.a., to buy, to purchase, to bribe. — cher ou bon marché; to buy dear or cheap. — en bloc; to buy in a lump. — chat en poche; to buy a pig in a poke.

s’acheter, v.r., to buy for one’s self, to be bought.

acheteur (ash-teur), n.m., buyer, purchaser, last bidder.

achevé, -e, part., finished, perfect, exquisite, absolute; downright, consummate, arrant. Beauté —e; a perfect beauty. Sot —; downright ass.

achèvement (-shev-mān), n.m., completion, finishing, conclusion.

achever (ash-vé), v.a., to finish, to put the finishing hand to; to close, to end, to conclude, to terminate, to perfect, to crown, to consummate; to dispatch, to kill. — de boire; to drink up. Achevez! out with it! Il n’acheva pas; he said no more.

acheveur, -se, n.m.f., finisher.

achillée, n.f., (bot.) milfoil, yarrow.

achit, n.m., wild vine.

achoppement (-shop-mān), n.m., stumbling, impediment. Pierre d’—; stumbling-block.

achopper, v.n., to stumble, to knock one’s self against anything; (fig.) to fail.

achromatique (-kro-), adj., achromatic.

achromatisme (-kro-), n.m., (opt.) achromatism.

☉achronique (-kro-), adj. V. acronyque.

aciculaire, adj., acicular, needle-shaped.

acide, n.m., acid.

acide, adj., acid, sour, tart, sharp.

acidifier, v.a., to acidify.

acidité, n.f., acidity, sourness, sharpness, tartness.

acidule, adj., of the nature of acids, acidulous.

acidulé, -e, adj., acidulated.

aciduler, v.a., to acidulate.

acier, n.m., steel. — fondu; cast steel. — indien, — wootz; wootz. — poule, — de cémentation; blistered steel. Articles d’—; steel wares. Bijouterie d’—; polished steel wares. Fil d’—; steel wire.

aciérage, n.m., (metal.) the hardening of copper, steeling, plating with steel.

aciération, n.f., the converting of iron into steel.

aciérer, v.a., to convert into steel, to steel.

aciérie, n.f., steel manufactory, steel-works.

acineu-x, -se, adj., acinose, acinous.

aciniforme, adj., aciniform.

acmé, n.m., (med.) acme.

acné, n.f., (med.) acne.

acolyte, n.m., acolothist, acolyte; companion, confederate, associate.

acompte, n.m., installment, partial payment.

acon, n.m. V. accon.

aconit (-nit), n.m., aconite, wolf’s-bane, monk’s hood. — tue-chien; dog’s-bane.

acoquinant, -e, adj., (fam.) alluring, engaging, captivating.

acoquiner, v.a., (fam.) to allure, to bewitch; to captivate.

s’acoquiner, v.r., (fam.) to be bewitched, to be greatly attached to. Il s’acoquine auprès de cette femme; he is much in love with that woman.

acotylédone, adj., (of plants) acotyledonous.

acoup, n.m., (—s) jerk, sudden stop, or halt.

acoustique, n.f. (n.p.), acoustics.

acoustique, adj., acoustic. Cordon —; speaking-pipe. Cornet —; ear-trumpet. Voûte —; whispering dome, gallery.

acquéreur, n.m., buyer, purchaser.

acquérir (acquérant, acquis), v.a., to acquire, to purchase, to buy, to obtain; to get, to achieve, to attain, to gain, to win.

s’acquérir, v.r., to get, to be gotten, to be acquired, obtained, or purchased, to win for one’s self.

acquêt, n.m., (jur.) common property of two married people, acquisition, purchase.

acquiescement (-mān), n.m., acquiescence, compliance, consent, willingness.

acquiescer, v.n., to acquiesce, to agree, to assent, to yield, to comply.

acquis, part. of Acquérir.

acquis, -e, adj., acquired; added; secured; (med.) adventitious.

acquis, n.m., acquired knowledge, acquirements, attainments.

acquisition, n.f., acquisition, getting, acquiring, attaining, purchase, conquest. Contrat d’—; deed of purchase.

acquit, n.m., discharge, receipt; lead (at billiards). Par manière d’—; for form’s sake. Jouer à l’—; to play who shall pay for the whole. Pour acquit (on bills), paid. Donner — de; to give a receipt for. Mettre son — à; to put “paid” on to receipt.

acquit-à-caution, n.m., (—s-—) (customs) permit.

☉acquit-patent, n.m., (—s-—s) royal decree granting the remission of a debt.

acquittement (-mān), n.m., payment, clearing off, liquidation; acquittal.

acquitter, v.a., to pay, to pay off, to clear, to quit; to receipt; to acquit, to discharge.

s’acquitter, v.r., to fulfill, to perform; to pay off one’s debts, to pay off, to be quits.

acre, n.f., acre.

âcre, adj., sharp, sour, tart, acrimonious; bitter, biting; acrid.

âcreté, n.f., acridity, sharpness, sourness, tartness, acrimony.

acrimonie, n.f., acrimony, sharpness, keenness.

acrimonieu-x, -se, adj., acrimonious, sharp.

acrobate, n.m.f., rope-dancer.

acronyque, adj., (astr.), acronic, acronical.

acropole, n.f., acropolis.

acrostiche, n.m., acrostic.

acrotère, n.m., (arch.) acroterium, blocking course; (nav.) cape, headland.

acte, n.m., act; deed; indenture, instrument; document; charter; pl., records, public registers, rolls, proceedings. — faux; forged deed. Expédition d’un —; copy of a deed. Donner — de; to deliver an official certificate of. Rédiger un —; to draw up a document. Faire acte de présence; to put in an appearance, to show one’s self. Prendre —; to make a note of, to put down.

act-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., actor; actress; player.

actif, n.m., (n.p.) assets (pl.); (gram.) active voice. Actif et passif; assets and liabilities. Actif; receipts of a budget.

acti-f, -ve, adj., active; real, actual; quick, nimble, brisk, agile, stirring, busy, energetic. Dettes actives; assets.

action, n.f., action, act, agency, operation, virtue, motion; deed, feat, performance; gesture, posture; engagement, battle; suit, plea; share, stock. — cessible (com.); transferable share. — nominative; personal share. Promesse d’—s; scrip. Détenteur de promesse d’—s; scrip-holder. Titre d’une —; document of a share. Par —s; joint-stock. — d’éclat; splendid achievement. —s de banque; bank stock. Hausse, baisse, des —s; rise, fall, of shares. — de grâces; thanksgiving. En —; in motion. Entrer en —; to begin opérations. Intenter une — à quelqu’un; to bring an action against any one. Mettre en —; to carry into action, to carry out. En —; (mach.) in gear. Hors d’—; out of gear.

actionnaire, n.m., shareholder, stockholder.

actionner, v.a., to bring an action, to sue at law. S’—; to bestir oneself.

activement (-mān), adv., actively, vigorously.

activer, v.a., to press, to hasten, to forward, to expedite.

activité, n.f., action, activity; nimbleness, expedition, dispatch, employment. En —; in activity, in active service.

actualisation, n.f., actualness, adaptation to the times.

actualiser, v.a., to actualize.

actualité, n.f., actuality, passing event; question of the hour.

actuel, -le, adj., actual, real; present.

actuellement (-èl-mān), adv., now, at this very time.

acuité, n.f., (mus.) acuteness, keenness.

acuminé, -e, adj., (bot.) acuminated.

acuponcture, n.f., (surg.) acupuncture.

acutangle, adj., acute-angled.

acutangulé, -e, adj., (bot.) acute-angled.

adage, n.m., adage, proverb; saying.

adagio, n.m., (—s) (mus.) adagio.

adagio, adv., (mus.) adagio, slowly.

adamantin, -e, adj., adamantine.

adaptation, n.f., adaptation.

adapter, v.a., to apply, to adapt; to suit; to fit.

s’adapter, v.r., to apply, fit, suit. Qui peut —; which is adaptable.

adapteur, n.m.f., adapter.

addition (ad-di-), n.f., addition; accession; bill, reckoning; (print.) marginal note. — composée; compound addition. — en hache (print.); interlineary matter. Faire l’— de; to add, to sum up.

additionnel, -le, adj., additional.

additionner, v.a., to add, to cast up.

adducteur, n.m., (anat.) adductor.

adducteur, adj., (anat.) adducent.

adduction, n.f., (anat.) adduction.

ademption, n.f., (jur.) revocation of a legacy.

adepte, n.m.f., adept.

adéquat, -e (-kouat), adj., (philos.) complete, entire, adequate.

adhérence, n.f., adhesion; adherence, attachment.

adhérent, -e, adj., adherent, sticking to.

adhérent, n.m., adherer, follower, partisan.

adhérer, v.n., to adhere, to be adherent, to cling, to hold, to cleave, to stick; to adhere to, to approve.

adhési-f, -ve, adj., adhesive.

adhésion, n.f., adhesion, adherence; compliance.

ad hoc, adv., to that effect or purpose.

ad hominem, adv., personal, direct. Argument —; argumentum ad hominem.

☉ad honores, adv., honorary.

adiante, n.m., (bot.) adiantum, maiden-hair.

adieu, adv., adieu, farewell, good-bye. Dire —, faire ses adieux à; to bid adieu. Sans —; without bidding you adieu, without saying good-bye. — va! (nav.) about ship!

adieu, n.m., farewell, parting, leave. Faire ses —x; to take one’s leave.

adipeu-x, -se, adj., adipous, adipose, fat.

adipocire, n.f., adipocere.

adiposité, n.f., adipose or fatty condition.

adirer, v.a., (jur.) to mislay, to lose.

adition, n.f., (jur.) acceptance of an inheritance.

adjacent, -e, adj., adjacent, bordering upon, contiguous.

adjectif, n.m., (gram.) adjective.

adjecti-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) adjectival.

adjectivement (-mān), adv., adjectively.

adjoindre, v.a., to adjoin, to associate, to give as an assistant. S’—; to take as a partner.

adjoint, n.m., adjunct, associate, colleague, assistant, deputy. Maire —; deputy mayor.

adjonction, n.f., adjunction, union, annexation.

adjudant, n.m., adjutant. Fonctions d’—; adjutancy. — de place; town adjutant.

adjudicataire, n.m.f., purchaser, contractor, highest bidder.

adjudicataire, adj., purchasing; contracting.

adjudicat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., awarder.

adjudicati-f, -ve, adj., (jur.) adjudging.

adjudication, n.f., adjudication; auction; contract, award. Par —; by contract. Mettre en —; to contract for.

adjuger, v.a., to adjudge, to adjudicate, to award. Adjugé! (at auctions) gone!

s’adjuger, v.r., to appropriate to one’s own use.

adjuration, n.f., adjuration, imprecation.

adjurer, v.a., to adjure; to conjure, to call upon, to beseech.

adjuvant, n.m., (med.) adjuvant.

ad libitum (-tom), adv., ad libitum, at will, at pleasure.

admettre, v.a., to admit, to receive; to allow, to approve of, to suppose; to adopt; to give admittance, to take in; to let in, to suffer to come into, to let enter.

adminicule, n.m., (jur.) presumptive proof.

administra-teur, n.m., -trice, n.f., administrator, administratrix, manager, trustee, governor, curator; guardian (of the poor).

administrati-f, -ve, adj., administrative.

administration, n.f., administration, management, direction, government, conduct. Mauvaise —; maladministration.

administrativement, adv., administratively.

administré, n.m., -e, n.f., person under one’s administration or jurisdiction.

administrer, v.a., to administer, to manage, to officiate, to govern; to minister, to dispense; (jur.) to furnish, find. Droit d’—; letters of administration. — des témoins; to find, produce, witnesses.

s’administrer, v.r., to administer to one’s self; to be managed, to be administered.

admirable, adj., admirable, wonderful.

admirablement, adv., admirably, wonderfully.

admirat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., admirer, praiser.

admirati-f, -ve, adj., of admiration or exclamation, wondering. D’un air —; with a wondering look.

admiration, n.f., admiration, wonder, marvel. Point d’—; note of exclamation. Avoir de l’— pour, Être dans l’—; to admire. Saisir d’—; to strike with admiration.

admirer, v.a., to admire, to wonder at.

admissibilité, n.f., admissibility.

admissible, adj., allowable, admissible.

admission, n.f., admission, admittance, reception.

admonestation, n.f., admonishment, admonition.

admonester, v.a., (jur.) to admonish, to warn, to reprimand.

admonit-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., adviser.

admonition, n.f., admonition, advice, exhortation, reprimand.

adné, -e, adj., (bot.) adnate.

adolescence, n.f., adolescence.

adolescent, n.m., -e, n.f., lad; lass; stripling.

adolescent, -e, adj., adolescent.

adonien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., (poet.) adonic.

adonique. V. adonien.

adonis (-nis), n.m., Adonis, beau; (bot.) adonis, pheasant’s-eye.

adoniser, v.a., to deck out, to make fine.

s’adoniser, v.r., to bedizen one’s self.

adonner, v.n., (nav.) to veer aft.

s’adonner, v.r., to give, to apply, to devote, to addict one’s self, to give one’s mind (to a thing — à quelque chose), to follow, to take to a thing. S’— au vin, to become addicted to drinking.

adoptable, adj., that can be adopted.

adoptant, n.m., adopter.

adopté, n.m., -e, n.f., adoptive son, daughter, heir, &c.

adopter, v.a., to adopt; to embrace, to espouse, to sanction, to pass, to carry.

adopti-f, -ve, adj., adoptive, by adoption. Enfant —; adoptive child. Père —; foster-father.

adoption, n.f., adoption.

adorable, adj., adorable, charming, delightful.

adorablement, adv., adorably, delightfully.

adorat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., adorer, worshiper, great admirer.

adoration, n.f., adoration, worshiping; worship; admiration, respect, reverence.

adorer, v.a., to adore, to worship; to have a passionate love for.

ados, n.m., (gard.) shelving-bed, border (against a wall).

adossé, -e, adj., back to back; resting or standing against; indorsed (of a bill).

adossement, n.m., position back to back; backing, indorsement.

adosser, v.a., to set or lean with the back against a thing, to put back to back. S’— contre un mur; to lean up against a wall.

adouber, v.n., (chess) to adjust a piece; (nav.) to mend, to repair.

adoucir, v.a., to soften, to mitigate, to sweeten; to modify, to compose, to calm, to soothe; to smooth, to appease; to ease, to allay, to relieve, to cool, to pacify; to tame. Rien ne peut — son chagrin; nothing can mitigate his sorrow. — un esprit irrité; to appease an exasperated mind.

s’adoucir, v.r., to grow cool, soft, mild; to be assuaged, mitigated; to relent; (of weather) to get milder.

adoucissant, n.m., emollient, mollifier.

adoucissant, -e, adj., softening, soothing, emollient.

adoucissement (-mān), n.m., sweetening, softening, mollifying; assuaging, appeasing; ease, mitigation, palliation, alleviation, relief, consolation.

adoucisseur, n.m., glass-polisher.

adoué, -e, adj., (hunt.) coupled, paired.

ad patres (-ess), to kingdom come. Aller —; to be gathered to one’s fathers.

adrachne (-rakn), n.m., strawberry-tree. V. arbousier.

adragant, -e, adj., tragacanth.

adragant, n.m., tragacanth; gum-dragon.

ad rem, adv., pertinently. Répondre —; to answer pertinently, to the point.

adresse, n.f., speech, direction, address; skill, dexterity, expertness, cleverness, ingenuity; shrewdness, cunning, direction, destination. Être à l’— de; to be directed to. Faire tenir à son —; to forward to its destination. Tour d’—; legerdemain. Avoir l’adresse de; to be artful enough to.

adresser, v.a., to direct, to address. — mal; to misdirect.

s’adresser, v.r., to be directed; to address one’s self, to apply, to make application, to appeal to. — ici; apply within. Vous vous adressez mal; you mistake your man. — bien; you come to the right person.

adroit, -e, adj., dexterous, ingenious, clever, skillful; handy, neat; cunning, shrewd, artful.

adroitement (-droat-mān), adv., adroitly, skillfully, artfully, cleverly, happily; smartly, handily.

adulaire, n.f., (min.) adularia, moon-stone, sun-stone.

adula-teur, n.m., -trice, n.f., adulator, flatterer, fawner, sycophant; parasite.

adula-teur, -trice, adj., adulatory, parasitical.

adulation, n.f., adulation, flattery, sycophancy.

aduler, v.a., to fawn upon, to cringe to, to flatter.

adulte, adj., adult, grown-up.

adulte, n.m.f., adult.

adultération, n.f., (pharm.) adulteration.

adultère, n.f., adulteress.

adultère, n.m., adulterer; adultery.

adultère, adj., adulterous; adulterate. Femme —; adulteress.

adultérer, v.a., (pharm.) to adulterate.

adultérin, n.m., -e, n.f., adulterine child.

adultérin, -e, adj., adulterine.

aduste, adj., (med.) adust, burnt up.

adustion, n.f., (med.) adustion, burning.

advenant, part., occurring, in case, in the event of. — le décès; in the event of the death.

advenir, v.n., to occur, happen, to chance, befall. Advienne que pourra; happen what may.

adventice, adj., adventitious.

adventi-f, -ve, adj., adventive, casual.

adverbe, n.m., (gram.) adverb.

adverbial, -e, adj., adverbial.

adverbialement (-mān), adv., adverbially.

adverbialité, n.f., adverbial nature of.

adversaire, n.m., adversary, opponent, antagonist, opposer.

adversati-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) adversative.

adverse, adj., adverse, opposite. Avocat —; counsel on the opposite side.

adversité, n.f., adversity, affliction.

adynamie, n.f., (med.) adynamy, debility.

adynamique, adj., adynamic.

aérage, n.m., ventilation, airing. Puits d’—; air-shaft.

aération, n.f., aëration, airing.

aéré, -e, adj., aired, airy.

aérer, v.a., to air, to renew the air; (chem.) to aërate.

aérien, -ne (-in-e-n), adj., aërial.

aériennement, adv., aërially, in the air.

aérifère, adj., aërial.

aériforme, adj., aëriform.

aériser, v.a., to aërify.

aérodynamique, n.f., aëro-dynamics.

aérographie, n.f., aërography.

aérolithe, n.m., aërolite, aërolith.

aérologie, n.f., aërology.

aéromancie, n.f., aëromancy.

aéromètre, n.m., aërometer.

aérométrie, n.f., aërometry.

aéronaute, n.m.f., aëronaut. Art, science de l’—; aëronautics.

aérophobie, n.f., aërophobia.

aérostat, n.m., aërostat; air-balloon.

aérostation, n.f., aërostation.

aérostatique, adj., aërostatic.

aétite, n.f., aëtites, eagle-stone.

affabilité, n.f., affability, affableness, kindness, courtesy.

affable, adj., affable, courteous, of easy manners.

affablement, adv., affably, courteously.

affabulation, n.f., the moral of a fable.

affadir, v.a., to make unsavory or insipid; to flatten; to be nauseous, to cloy, to pall, to satiate.

s’affadir, v.r., to become insipid.

affadissement (-mān), n.m., cloying, insipidity, nauseousness.

affaiblir, v.a., to enfeeble, to weaken, to debilitate; to impair, to attenuate; to debase (coins).

affaiblir, v.n., to grow weak, to weaken, to droop.

s’affaiblir, v.r., to grow weak, to be impaired, to become enfeebled; to abate.

affaiblissant, -e, adj., weakening, enfeebling.

affaiblissement (-mān), n.m., weakening, enfeebling, impairment, diminution of strength; allaying, abatement; debasement (of coins).

affaire, n.f., thing, affair, matter; business, concern, job, duty; dealing; trouble, scrape, quarrel; action, case, lawsuit; fight, skirmish, battle; need, occasion, want; work, transaction. Belle —; fine thing, pretty mess, trifling matter. —s courantes; current business. — de rien; trifling affair. — d’intérêt; money matter. Bien, mal, dans ses —; in good, bad, circumstances. Homme d’—s; man of business, agent, steward, middleman. Relation d’—s; mercantile connection. Dans les —s; in business. En —; engaged in business. Pour —; on business. Aller à ses —s; to go to one’s business. S’attirer une —; to get into a scrape. Avoir — à; to have to deal with. Avoir — avec; to have business with. Avoir bien des —s; to be much employed. Avoir des —s pardessus la tête; to be over head and ears in business. Céder ses —s; to give up business. Être à ses —s; to attend to business. Eviter les —s; to keep clear of scrapes. Faire des —s; to do business. Faire l’— de quelqu’un; to answer some one’s purpose, turn. Faire son — à quelqu’un; to settle any one’s business, do for him. Faire de grandes —s; to carry on an extensive business. Ne faire rien à l’—; not to affect the matter. Mettre quelqu’un dans les —s; to set any one up in business, to apprentice any one to a business. Se retirer des —s; to retire from business. Sortir d’une — avec honneur; to come off honorably. Tirer d’—; to extricate, to help out. Se tirer d’—; to get out of trouble, to get on in the world. Vaquer aux —s; to attend to business. Vider une —; to settle an affair. C’est, ce n’est pas, une —; it is no, it is an, easy matter. J’ai votre —; I have what you want, the very thing for you. Je ferai son —; I will do for him. C’est mon —; leave that to me. J’en fais mon —; I take that upon myself. Ce ne sont pas là mes —s; that is none of my business. Au point où en sont les —s; as matters stand. Son — est bonne; he is in for it, he will catch it. Son — est faite; he is done for.

affairé, -e, adj., full of business, busy. Faire l’—; to ape the busy man; to fuss about.

affaissement (-mān), n.m., depression, sinking, subsiding, giving way, weakness, weighing down; (med.) collapse.

affaisser, v.a., to cause to sink, to weigh down, to press down, to bear down, to weaken.

s’affaisser, v.r., to sink, sink down, subside, settle, to give way.

affaiter, v.a., (falconry) to reclaim and train, tame (hawks).

affaler, v.a., (nav.) to overhaul (a rope); to embay, drive upon a lee-shore. Affale! lower away.

s’affaler, v.r., (nav.) to slide down; to be driven upon a lee-shore.

affamé, -e, adj., famished, hungry, starving, craving. Être — de; to be greedy of; eager for.

affamer, v.a., to famish, to starve.

affectation, n.f., affectation, distinction; (jur.) mortgage, charge.

affecté, -e, adj., affected, destined; (alg.) affected, assumed.

affecter, v.a., to affect, to pretend, feign; to appropriate, to destine.

s’affecter, v.r., to be affected; to be moved.

affecti-f, -ve, adj., affective.

affection, n.f., affection, love, attachment, liking, inclination, partiality; (med.) affection. Témoignage d’—; token, mark, of affection. Par —; out of affection. Prendre quelqu’un en —; to become attached, to take a fancy, to any one. — nerveuse; nervous affection.

affectionné, -e, adj., affectionate, loving.

affectionner, v.a., to love, to have an affection for, to fancy, to be fond of, to like; to take an interest in.

s’affectionner, v.r., to apply one’s self to a thing with delight, to attach one’s self to, to delight in, to take a fancy for.

affectueusement (-mān), adv., affectionately, fondly, heartily, kindly.

affectueu-x, -se, adj., affectionate, warm-hearted.

afférent, -e, adj., (jur.) appertaining to, belonging to, accruing to, indivisible. Portion —e; share of indivisible property.

affermable, adj., farmable, rentable, demisable.

affermage, n.m., farming, renting, demising.

affermer, v.a., to farm or let out by lease; to take a lease of; to rent.

s’affermer, v.r., to be farmed, rented.

affermir, v.a., to strengthen, to give strength to; to make firm or strong; to fasten; to harden, to make hard or firm; to confirm, to establish, to consolidate, to fix firmly.

s’affermir, v.r., to become strong, firm or fast; to grow hard; to fortify one’s self; to become established, to persist in.

affermissement (-mān), n.m., strengthening, settling, consolidation, establishment; stay, support, prop.

affété, -e, adj., affected, full of affectation, prim, finical; canting, mincing. Mine —e; affected looks. Manières —es; affected manners.

afféterie, n.f., affectation, affectedness; primness, mannerism; affected, formal ways; cant. Les —s d’une coquette; the affected ways of a coquette.

affichage, n.m., the posting up of placards, bills, &c., bill-sticking, placarding.

affiche, n.f., placard, bill, hand-bill. Poser une —; to post up a placard. Homme —; sandwich man.

afficher, v.a., to post up; to publish, to proclaim, to make a show of, to parade, to divulge. Défense d’—; stick no bills.

s’afficher, v.r., to set up for; to attract public notice. Cette femme s’affiche; that woman seeks notoriety.

afficheur, n.m., bill-sticker.

affidé, n.m., -e, n.f., confederate, trusty, confidential agent.

affidé, -e, adj., trusty, trustworthy.

affilage, n.m., whetting, sharpening, grinding, setting.

affilé, -e, adj., sharp; nimble, glib (of the tongue).

affiler, v.a., to set, to put an edge on, to sharpen.

affiliation, n.f., affiliation, association.

affilier, v.a., to receive, to affiliate, to admit.

s’affilier, v.r., to get affiliated, admitted.

affiloir, n.m., hone, whetstone, steel.

affinage, n.m., affinage, refining, fining (of metals, sugar).

affiner, v.a., to fine, to refine; to try.

s’affiner, v.r., to be refined; to be fined, tried, (nav.) (of weather), to clear up.

affinerie (-rî), n.f., (metal.) finery, painting shop.

affineur, n.m., finer; (metal.) refiner.

affinité, n.f., affinity, alliance; congeniality, conformity, relation. Avoir de l’— avec; to be congenial to.

affinoir, n.m., hatchel.

affiquet, n.m., a knitting-sheath. —s, pl.; gewgaws, knick-knacks, bauble.

affirmati-f, -ve, adj., affirmative; positive.

affirmation, n.f., affirmation, assertion; (log.) predication; affidavit, oath.

affirmative, n.f., affirmative. Prendre l’— pour ou contre; to decide for or against.

affirmativement (-mān), adv., affirmatively, positively.

affirmer, v.a., to affirm, to vouch, to assert, to assure, to declare, to state; to confirm by or on oath; (log.) to predicate.

affixe, n.m., affix.

affleuré, -e, adj., level; (arch.) flush.

affleurement, n.m., leveling; making flush; (mining) cropping out, outcrop.

affleurer, v.a., to make even, to level; (arch.) to make flush; (ship-building) to fay; (mining) to crop out.

affleurer, v.n., to be level, on a level with, to be flush with.

afflicti-f, -ve, adj., (jur.) affecting the person corporal (of punishments).

affliction, n.f., affliction, grief, trouble, distress, anguish, sorrow, tribulation; trial, vexation.

affligé, -e, adj., afflicted, grieved, dejected, disconsolate. — d’une maladie; laboring under a disease.

affligeant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., afflicting, afflictive, distressing, grievous, woeful.

affliger, v.a., to afflict, to grieve, to vex, to trouble, to distress, to cast down; to mortify.

s’affliger, v.r., to grieve, to be concerned; to be afflicted, troubled, distressed, cast down, sorrowful; to fret.

affluence, n.f., a flowing together; affluence, abundance, multitude, concourse, crowd.

affluent, -e, adj., (of rivers) falling into, running into.

affluent, n.m., confluence; tributary stream.

affluer, v.a., to fall, to run, to flow into; to abound; to resort, to flock, to come in great numbers; (med.) to flow, to rush.

afflux, n.m., (med.) afflux, affluxion.

affolé, -e, adj., maddened, distracted, frantic; infatuated with; madly in love with; (nav.) erroneous, defective (of the magnetic needle). Une boussole —e; a compass that is not true.

affoler, v.a., to make extremely fond, to make one dote upon; to madden, to distract, bewitch. S’— de; to become infatuated with.

affouage, n.m., the right of cutting wood.

affouillement, n.m., undermining, washing away.

affouiller, v.a., (arch.) to undermine; to wash away.

affourche, n.f., (nav.) small bower. Ancre d’—; small bow-anchor.

affourché, -e, part., astraddle, astride, (nav.) moored across.

affourcher, v.n. and a., s’—, v.r., to seat astride, (nav.) to moor across, to moor by the head or by the head and stern.

affranchi, n.m., -e, n.f., freed man; freed woman.

affranchi, -e, part., freed; post-paid, prepaid.

affranchir, v.a., to set free, to free, to enfranchise, to give liberty; to make free; to absolve; to exempt, to discharge; to deliver; to pay the carriage of; to prepay.

s’affranchir, v.r., to rid one’s self of, to free one’s self, to get free, to shake off, to break through.

affranchissement (-shis-mān), n.m., enfranchisement, manumission; exemption, discharge; delivery, deliverance; payment of postage (of a letter); pre-payment of carriage (of a parcel). Timbre d’—; postage-stamp.

affre, n.f., dread, horror, agony. Les —s de la mort; the terrors of death.

affrètement (-mān), n.m., chartering, freighting.

affréter, v.a., (nav.) to charter, to freight.

affréteur, n.m., charterer, freighter.

affreusement (-mān), adv., frightfully, horribly, dreadfully, terribly, shockingly.

affreu-x, -se, adj., frightful, hideous, horrible, atrocious, fearful, ghastly, horrid, shocking.

affriander, v.a., to accustom, use, bring up, to dainties; to allure, to entice, to tempt.

affriolement (-mān), n.m., (fam.) act of alluring, enticing, tempting; allurement; enticement.

affrioler, v.a., (fam.) to allure, to entice, to draw by enticement.

affriter, v.a., to season (a frying pan).

affront, n.m., affront, outrage, insult; disgrace, shame, reproach. Recevoir un — sanglant; to receive an outrageous affront. Boire, avaler, un —; to pocket an affront.

affronté, -e, adj., (her.) affrontee.

affronter, v.a., to affront, to face, to brave; to cheat, to take in.

affronterie, n.f., braving, daring, affronting.

affronteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., affronter, deceiver, cheat.

affublement, n.m., grotesque make up (of dress), rig, muffling up.

affubler, v.a., to wrap up, (b.s.) to dress out, up, to muffle up. S’— d’un manteau; to muffle one’s self up in a cloak, to assume (a name).

s’affubler, v.r., to dress ridiculously. S’— de quelqu’un; to be wrapped up in.

affusion, n.f., (phar.) affusion.

affût, n.m., gun-carriage, stand, rest; watch, lying in wait. Être à l’—; to be upon the watch, to lie in wait. Homme d’—, knowing fellow.

affûtage, n.m., the mounting of a piece of ordnance; a set of tools, implements; sharpening (of tools); the dressing (of a hat).

affûter, v.a., to mount (a cannon); to stock (with tools); to set or sharpen (tools, pencils).

affutiau (-tio), n.m., trifle, bauble, knick-knack.

afin, conj., to, in order to; that, so that.

afistoler, v.a., to make spruce, to dress up.

à fortiori. V. fortiori.

africain, n.m., -e, n.f., African.

africain, -e, adj., African.

aga, n.m., a Turkish officer, aga.

agaçant, -e, adj., inciting, alluring, enticing; vexing, irritating, provoking, worrying.

agace, n.f., magpie.

agacé, -e, part., irritated, worried, set on edge. Avoir les dents —es; to have one’s teeth on edge.

agacement (-mān), n.m., setting on edge; irritation. — des nerfs; irritation of the nerves.

agacer, v.a., to incite, to provoke, to egg on, to spur on, to irritate, to provoke, to entice, to allure, to set on edge.

agacerie, n.f., allurement, incitement, provocation. Faire des —s à quelqu’un; to set one’s cap at any one, to ogle.

agame, adj., (bot.) agamous.

agami, n.m., (orni.) agami, gold-breasted trumpeter.

agape, n.f., agape, love-feast.

agapètes, n.m. and f.pl., agapetæ.

agaric, n.m., (bot.) agaric. — champêtre; field agaric, mushroom. — femelle; female agaric. — de chêne; touch-wood.

agasse, n.f. V. agace.

agate, n.f., agate.

s’agatiser, v.r., (Th. Gautier) to become mellow (of a picture).

agavé, n.m., (bot.) agave, American aloe.

âge, n.m., age; years; generation, century. Bas —; infancy. Jeune —; childhood. Moyen —; middle ages. — moyen; middle age, average. — mûr; mature age. — tendre; early age. Vieil —; old age. — viril; manhood. — d’airain; brazen age. — d’argent; silver age. — de fer; iron age. — d’or; golden age. — de raison; age of discretion. Doyen d’—; the oldest, senior. Fleur de l’—; prime of life. Avant l’—; before one’s time. D’— en —; from age to age, from generation to generation. D’un certain —; elderly. Entre deux —s; of middle age. Être d’— à; to be old enough to. Être bien pour son —; to wear well, to bear one’s years well. Être sur l’—; to be growing old. Honoré par l’—; time-honored. Paraître son —; to look one’s age. Tirer sur l’—; to be elderly.

âgé, -e, adj., aged, in years, elderly. — de vingt ans; twenty years old. Un peu —; somewhat elderly.

agence, n.f., agency, business. Bureau d’—; agency office.

agencement (-jāns-mān), n.m., arrangement, grouping, ordering; (arch.) order, composition; (paint.) disposition.

agencer, v.a., to arrange, to dispose, to fit up, to group.

s’agencer, v.r., to dress up, to adorn one’s self.

agenda (-jin-da), n.m., (—s) memorandum-book, agenda, diary.

*agenouiller, v.a., to make kneel down, to bring to one’s knees.

*s’agenouiller, v.r., to kneel down, (of a horse) to fall on his knees.

*agenouilloir, n.m., hassock, kneeling-stool.

agent, n.m.f., agent; middleman; broker. — comptable; accountant. — d’affaires; agent, man of business. — monétaire; circulating medium. — de change; stock-broker. — de police; policeman.

agglomération, n.f., agglomeration.

agglomérer, v.a., to agglomerate.

s’agglomérer, v.r., to agglomerate.

agglutinant, -e, adj., agglutinant, adhesive.

agglutinati-f, -ve, adj., agglutinative.

agglutination, n.f., agglutination.

agglutiner, v.a., to agglutinate, to unite.

s’agglutiner, v.r., to agglutinate, to cohere.

aggravant, -e, adj., (jur.) aggravating.

aggravation, n.f., aggravation; addition. — de peine; increase of punishment.

aggrave, n.m., (canon law) threat of excommunication; censure, admonition.

aggraver, v.a., to aggravate, to augment, to make worse.

s’aggraver, v.r., to increase, to be aggravated.

aggrégat, aggrégation, aggréger. V. agrégat, agrégation, agréger.

agile, adj., agile, quick, nimble, active, light-footed.

agilement (-mān), adv., nimbly, with agility, quickly.

agilité, n.f., agility, nimbleness, activity, quickness, lightness.

agio, n.m., agio, premium.

agiotage, n.m., stock-jobbing; jobbing. Faire l’—; to deal in stocks.

agioter, v.n., to be a stock-jobber; to gamble in the funds, to job.

agioteur, n.m., stock-jobber, jobber.

agir, v.n., to act, to do; to operate, to have an influence; to negotiate, to manage a business; to sue, to prosecute; to behave; to work. Faire —; to set going, to bring to bear upon. — de concert avec quelqu’un; to go hand in hand with any one. Il agit en ami; he acts like a friend. — mal envers; to use ill. — d’après; to act upon, after. C’est mal —; that is behaving ill.

s’agir, v.r., to be in question; to be the matter. Il s’agit; the question is, the point in question is. De quoi s’agit-il? what is the matter? Il ne s’agit pas de cela; that is not the question. Il s’agit de votre vie; your life is at stake. Il s’agit bien de cela; I, they, we, have something else to think of.

agissant, -e, adj., active, stirring, busy; efficacious, effectual.

agitateur, n.m., agitator.

agitation, n.f., agitation; tossing, jolting, shaking; trouble, emotion, disturbance; uneasiness, tumult, restlessness.

agiter, v.a., to agitate, to put in motion, to move, to wave; to shake, to pull, to heave, to jolt; to swing; to disturb, to disquiet, to torment, to debate, to dispute. — un drapeau; to wave a flag.

s’agiter, v.r., to be agitated or in movement; to get rough; to be restless, disturbed, uneasy; to stir, writhe, wag, struggle; to be debated. S’— dans l’eau; to flounder about in the water.

aglomération, &c. V. agglomération.

aglutinant, &c. V. agglutinant, &c.

agnat, n.m., agnate.

agnation, n.f., agnation.

agnatique, adj., agnatic.

*agneau, agnelle, n.m.f., lamb. Laine d’—; lamb’s wool. Peau d’—; lamb-skin.

☉*agnel, n.m., an old French golden coin, agnel.

*agneler, v.n., to lamb; to bring forth lambs, to yean.

*agnelet, n.m., lambkin, yeanling.

*agneline, adj.f., of a lamb. Laine —; lamb’s-wool, teg-wool.

*agnès (-ess), n.f., a young raw girl, simpleton.

agnus, or agnus-Dei, n.m., (—) (c.rel.) Agnus-Dei, Lamb of God.

agnus-castus, n.m., (—) (bot.) chaste-tree.

agon, n.m., (antiq.) agon, agonism.

agonie, n.f., agony, the pangs of death; grief, trouble, anguish, torture. Être à l’—; to be at the point of death.

agonir, v.a., (pop.) to insult grossly, to pull to pieces, to load with abuse.

agonisant, -e, n. and adj., a dying person; dying, in a dying condition.

agoniser, v.n., to be at the point of death.

agonistique, n.f., (antiq.) agonistics.

☉agonothète, n.m., agonothete.

agora, n.f., (—s) (from Gr. Ἀγορὰ) market-place, public place.

agouti, n.m., (mam.) agouti.

agrafe, n.f., hook, clasp, hasp; (arch.) cramp-iron; sculptured ornament. — et porte; hook and eye.

agrafer, v.a., to hook, to clasp, to hasp, to fasten with a clasp.

s’agrafer, v.r., to hook, to clasp, to cling, to lay hold on, to be fastened.

agraire, adj., agrarian.

agrandir, v.a., to make greater; to enlarge; to augment; to lengthen, to widen; to raise, to promote, to advance; to amplify, to exaggerate; to give dignity to, to exalt, to promote. — ses prétentions; to raise one’s pretensions. Le génie agrandit les héros; genius exalts heroes.

s’agrandir, v.r., to become greater, larger; to widen, to grow long or longer; to enlarge one’s estate, to become richer, to raise or advance one’s self.

agrandissement (-mān), n.m., enlargement, aggrandizement, improvement; the making greater, larger, bigger; lengthening, widening, increase; advancement, preferment, exaltation, dignifying.

agravant, &c. V. aggravant, &c.

agréable, adj., agreeable, desirable, pleasant, pleasing, comfortable, acceptable, gladsome, grateful. — au goût; palatable. Feu —; comfortable fire. Avoir pour —; to allow, permit. Faire l’— auprès d’une femme; to be attentive to a lady.

agréablement, adv., agreeably, pleasantly, comfortably, gratefully, gracefully.

agréage, n.m., brokerage.

agréé, n.m., solicitor, attorney (in the tribunals of commerce).

agréer, v.a., to accept, to receive kindly; to like, to relish; to approve, to allow; ☉to rig. (V. gréer.) — un vaisseau; to rig, to equip a ship.

agréer, v.n., to be liked, to like, to please, to be agreeable. Cela ne m’agrée pas; I don’t like that, it does not suit me.

☉agréeur, n.m. V. gréeur.

agrégat, n.m., aggregate.

agrégati-f, -ve, adj., aggregative.

agrégation, n.f., aggregate; aggregation; admission (into a society); examination for the degree of fellow; fellowship; aggregate body, assemblage. Concours d’—; examination for a fellowship.

agrégé, n.m., fellow (of the university); assistant professor.

agrégé, -e, adj., aggregate; (bot.) clustered.

agréger, v.a., to aggregate, to unite, to join, to incorporate, to receive, to admit into a society, to associate.

agrément, n.m., liking, approbation, consent; accomplishment; agreeableness; pleasingness; pleasure, charm; gracefulness; ornament, embellishment; advantage, amusement, comfort; (mus.) grace. Arts d’—; accomplishments. De grands —s; great comfort.

agrémenter, v.a., to ornament, to trim, to adorn.

agrener, v.a., to feed, (game-birds) to bait.

agrèner, v.a., to pump water out of a boat.

agrès, n.m.pl., rigging.

agresseur, n.m., aggressor.

agressi-f, -ve, adj., aggressive.

agression, n.f., aggression.

agressivité, n.f., aggressiveness.

agreste, adj., agrestic, wild, rustic; ill-bred, clownish, unmannerly.

agricole, adj., agricultural.

agriculteur, n.m., agriculturist, husbandman, farmer.

agriculture, n.f., agriculture, husbandry, tillage.

s’agriffer, v.r., to cling to with claws, to lay hold of.

agriministe, n.m., trimming maker.

agrion, n.m., dragon-fly.

agripaume, n.f., (bot.) mother-wort.

agripper, v.a., (pop.) to gripe, to snatch up.

s’agripper, v.r., (pop.) to lay hold of, to cling to.

agronome, n.m., agriculturist.

agronomie, n.f., agronomy.

agronomique, adj., agricultural.

agrostemme, n.m., (bot.) agrostemma. — des jardins; rose-campion, corn-cockle.

agrostide, n.f., (bot.) bent-grass.

agrouper, v.a., to group.

aguerri, -e, (-ghè-) part., inured to war; disciplined. Soldats mal —s; raw soldiers.

aguerrir (-ghè-), v.a., to train up in, to inure to the hardships of war, to discipline, to accustom to war; to accustom, to inure, to use.

s’aguerrir, v.r., to grow warlike or martial; to accustom one’s self to a thing, to be inured.

aguets (-ghè-), n.m.pl., watch, watching. Être aux —, se tenir aux —; to lie in wait, to be upon the watch.

agueustie (-gheus-tî), n.f., (med.) loss of taste.

agui, n.m., (nav.) sling, bowline, knot.

ah, int., ah! hah! oh! — ça; now, then!

ahan, n.m., great bodily exertion, effort. Suer d’—; to perform hard work, to toil and moil.

ahaner, v.n., to groan, sigh, pant; to toil and moil.

aheurtement, n.m., stubbornness, obstinacy.

s’aheurter, v.r., to maintain a thing obstinately, to be obstinately bent upon a thing, to stick to it, to persist in. — à une opinion; to be wedded to an opinion.

ahi, int. V. aïe.

ahurir, v.a., to amaze, to astound, to strike all of a heap, to bewilder.

ahurissement, n.m., bewilderment, confusion, perplexity.

aï, n.m., (mam.) three-toed sloth.

aide, n.f., aid, help, relief, assistance, succor, support; chapel of ease; (man.) aid, coaxing; aid; female assistant. pl., subsidies, excise (taxes). À l’—! help! À l’— de; with the help of. Dieu vous soit en —! God help you!

aide, n.m., helper, assistant, mate, help, coadjutor. — major (—s —s); assistant surgeon, (formerly) adjutant. — chirurgien (—s —s); assistant surgeon. — de cuisine (—s de cuisine); under cook. — de camp (—s de camp); aide-de-camp.

aider, v.a., to aid, to help, to relieve, to assist, to succour. — à descendre, à surmonter, à relever; to help down, over, up.

aider, v.n., to aid, to help, to assist, to succor, relieve. — à la lettre; to add to the matter, complete the sense. — au succès; to contribute to the success.

s’aider, v.r., to help one another, to use, to make use of; to bestir one’s self; to help one’s self, avail one’s self. On s’aide de ce qu’on a; people make use of what they have. — l’un l’autre; to help one another.

aides, n.f.pl., (man.) aids.

aïe, int., ay! oh! ah! oh dear!

aïeul, n.m., grandfather, grandsire.

aïeule, n.f., grandmother, grandam.

aïeux, n.m.pl., forefathers, ancestors.

aigle, n.m., eagle; star (noted person); reading-desk, lectern (in churches); (astron.) Aquila, Eagle. À vol d’—; eagle-winged. Aux yeux d’—; eagle-eyed.

aigle, n.f., she-eagle; (her.) eagle; eagle standard.

aiglefin, n.m., haddock.

aiglette, n.f. V. aiglon.

aiglon, n.m., eaglet, a young eagle; (her.) eaglet.

aigre, n.m., sourness; rawness; sharpness; mustiness.

aigre, adj., sour, tart, sharp, bitter; crabbed; ill-natured; rough, harsh; eager, brittle; shrill; musty. Voix —; harsh, shrill voice. Paroles —s; sharp words.

aigre-dou-x, -ce, adj., bitterish, sourish.

aigrefin, n.m., sharper.

aigrelet, -te, adj., sourish, tartish.

aigrement, adv., acrimoniously, sourly, sharply, bitterly, roughly, harshly.

aigremoine, n.f., (bot.) agrimony, liverwort.

aigremore, n.m., aigremore.

aigret, -te, adj., sourish, tartish.

aigrette n.f., egret, aigret; aigrette, tuft, or plume (of feathers, diamonds); (bot.) egret, (milit.) tuft; horn (of the owl); crest (of the peacock).

aigretté, -e, adj., with an egret, tufted, crested.

aigreur, n.f., sourness, sharpness, tartness, harshness, bitterness; surliness; ill-nature, grudge, spite; pl., (med.) acidity of stomach, heartburn, water-brash; (engrav.) harsh strokes, hatches made too hard.

aigrir, v.a., to make sour or sharp, to sour, to turn sour; to irritate, to embitter, to make worse; to incense, to provoke; to make ill-humored. Sa disgrâce lui a aigri l’esprit; his disgrace has soured his temper.

s’aigrir, v.r., to turn sour, to grow sour or sharp; to grow worse, to be exasperated. Son mal s’aigrit; his disease gets worse.

aigrissement, n.m., souring, irritation, bitterness.

aigu, -ë, adj., pointed, that has a sharp point; sharp, keen, acute, piercing. Son —; sharp, shrill sound. Douleur —ë; acute pain. Faire un son —; to utter a shrill cry.

aiguade (-gad), n.f., (nav.) fresh water; watering-place. Faire —; to take in fresh water.

aiguail (-ga-), n.m., or aiguaille, n.f., (hunt.) dewdrop; morning dew.

aiguayer (-gay-), v.a., to water (a horse); to rinse (clothes).

aigue-marine, n.f., (—s-—s), aqua-marina, beryl.

aiguichant, -e, adj., enticing.

aiguière (-ghièr), n.f., ewer.

aiguiérée (-ghié-), n.f., ewer-full.

*aiguillade, n.f., goad.

*aiguillage, n.m., (railways) the shifting of the points, shunting.

*aiguillat, n.m., (ich.) dog-fish.

*aiguille, n.f., needle; hand (of a dial, or watch, &c.); cock (balance); spindle (of a compass); spire (of a steeple); (ich.) hornfish, needle-fish; (railways) point. — d’emballeur; packing-needle. — à tricoter; knitting-needle. — à reprises; darning-needle. —s à contre-poids; self-acting points (rail.). Trou d’une —; eye of a needle. Ouvrage à l’—; needlework. — aimantée; magnetic needle. Disputer sur la pointe d’une —; to quarrel about straws. Enfiler une —; to thread a needle.

*aiguillée, n.f., needleful.

*aiguiller, v.a., (surg.) to couch (a cataract); (rail.) to shift the points.

*aiguilletage, n.m., tagging, (nav.) seizing.

*aiguilleter, v.a., (nav.) to trap, to seize, to mouse. — les canons; to lash the guns.

aiguilletier, n.m., tagger, tag-maker.

*aiguillette, n.f., aglet, point; shoulder-knot; slice (of flesh, skin); (nav.) knittle, tricing-line, laniard. Le ferret de l’—; the tag of a point.

aiguilleur, n.m., (rail.) pointsman, switcher.

*aiguillier, n.m., needle-case, book. V. étui.

*aiguillier, n.m., needle-maker.

aiguillière, n.f., garfish-net, net for catching hornfish; needle-maker.

*aiguillon, n.m., goad, spur, incentive, incitement, encouragement, stimulus, motive; sting (of insects, serpents); (bot.) prickle, stimulus. Briser l’— de; to take the sting out of.

*aiguillonner, v.a., to goad, to prick; to incite, to spur on, to stimulate.

*aiguillot, n.m., (nav.) pintle.

aiguisé, -e, part., whetted, sharpened. Une croix aiguisée; (her.) a pointed cross.

aiguisement (-mān), n.m., whetting, sharpening.

aiguiser, v.a., to whet, to sharpen, to make sharp; to set an edge on; to point. — l’appétit; to sharpen the appetite. — une épigramme; to give point to an epigram. — ses couteaux; to prepare for battle. — ses dents; to prepare to eat heartily.

aiguiseur, n.m., knife-grinder, sharpener (pers.)

*ail, n.m., (ails), (aulx) (ô), garlic. — stérile; eschalot. Une tête d’—, une gousse d’—; a clove of garlic.

ailante, n.m., (bot.) ailanthus.

aile, n.f., wing, pinion; van, fan; wing (of an army, building); aisle (of churches); fly (horol.); rung (of ships). Avoir les —s rapides; to be swift-winged. À tire d’—; at a single flight. En avoir dans l’—; to be smitten, to be in love. Il en a dans l’—; there is a screw loose somewhere. Frapper à l’—; to wing. Couper le bout de l’—; to pinion. Être sur l’—; to be on the wing. Battre des —s; to clap the wings. Trémousser des —s; to flutter. Rogner les —s à quelqu’un; to clip a person’s wings. Voler de ses propres —s; to be able to do without the help of others; to stand on one’s own legs. Vouloir voler sans avoir des —s; to undertake a thing beyond one’s strength. Ne battre plus que d’une —; to be on one’s last legs. Tirer de l’—; to make wing. Tirer pied ou — de; to get something out of (a thing), to make the most of (a thing). — de moulin; wind-sail.

ailé, -e, adj., winged.

*aileron, n.m., small wing; pinion; fin (of some fish); float-board (of a water-wheel); (arch.) scroll.

ailette, n.f., side-piece, side-lining of a shoe; small wing (of a building); flange (motor).

*aillade, n.f., garlic sauce.

*ailleurs, adv., elsewhere, somewhere else, D’—; from another reason, cause; on another account; besides, moreover, in other respects; after all, in addition to which.

aimable, adj., amiable, lovable, lovely, agreeable, worthy to be loved. Un caractère —; an amiable temperament.

aimablement, adv., in an amiable manner, amiably.

aimant, -e, adj., loving, affectionate.

aimant, n.m., loadstone, magnet. La déclinaison de l’—; the variation of the compass.

aimanté, -e, adj., magnetic.

aimanter, v.a., to rub or touch with a loadstone, to magnetize.

aimé, -e, adj., loved, beloved.

aimer, v.a., to love, to be fond of, to have a passion for; to be in love with; to like, to fancy, to have a fancy for, to admire, to delight in, to have an inclination for. Il aime à monter à cheval; he delights in riding. Il aime sa personne; he loves his own dear self. Aimez qu’on vous conseille, et non pas qu’on vous loue; love to be advised, not to be praised. — mieux; to prefer, to like better. — passionnément; to be passionately fond of. — à l’idolâtrie; to idolize. Se faire —; to endear one’s self to. Qui aime bien, châtie bien; he chasteneth that loveth well. Qui m’aime aime mon chien; love me, love my dog.

s’aimer, v.r., to love one’s self. S’— les uns les autres; to love one another.

aimez-moi, n.f., marsh scorpion-grass. V. myosotis.

ain, n.m., woollen thread; the number of threads contained in a given space.

aine, n.f., groin; herring-stick.

aîné, n.m., -e, n.f., elder, senior.

aîné, -e, adj., eldest, elder, the eldest son or daughter; senior.

aînesse, n.f., primogeniture. Droit d’—; birthright.

ainsi, adv., thus, so, in this, that, manner. Je suis — fait; that’s my temper. Le monde est —; such is the world. — du reste; and so forth. Il en est — des autres passions; thus it is with the other passions. — soit-il; amen, so be it. — va le monde; so the world goes. S’il en est —; if such is the case.

ainsi, conj., thus, therefore, so that. — que, tout — que; as, as well as, even as, in the same way as. Cela s’est passé — que je vous l’ai dit; that happened in the way I told you.

air, n.m., air, wind; look, appearance, countenance, deportment; aspect; (mus.) tune; (chem., man., paint., sculp.) air. — abattu; downcast look. — chagrin; sorrowful look. — éveillé; sharp look. — farouche; forbidding look. Faire des châteaux en l’—; to build castles in the air. Un coup d’—; a cold chill. Prendre l’—; to take the air. Donner de l’— à une chambre; to let the air into, to ventilate, a room. Chasser l’— renfermé; to let out the confined air. En plein —; in the open air. Se tenir entre deux —s; to be in a draught. Il ne fait point d’—; there is not the least breath of wind. Être en l’—; to be in a flutter. Paroles en l’—; empty, idle, words. Parler en l’—; to talk wildly. Il forme des desseins en l’—; he forms extravagant designs. Il a tiré son coup en l’—; he has miscarried. Prendre l’— du bureau; to go and see how matters stand. Faire prendre l’—; to give an airing to. Les gens du bel —; gentle folks, fashionable people. Un homme de méchant —; an ill-looking man. Un homme du grand —; a man of rank, of quality. Avoir l’— de; to look like. Avoir l’— bien portant; to look well. Lancer en l’—; to toss (of horned cattle). Avoir l’— bon, l’— mauvais; to look good-natured, ill-natured. Prendre un — riant; to put on a smiling countenance. Prendre un — de feu; to warm one’s self. Rempli d’— vicié; filled with foul air. Cela a l’— grand; that looks grand. Elle n’a pas l’— spirituel; she doesn’t look sprightly. Elle a l’— bien étourdi; she looks very giddy. Il n’a pas l’— content; he doesn’t seem pleased. Prendre des —s, se donner des —s; to give one’s self airs. Prendre des —s de bel esprit; to set up for a wit. Un — de famille; a family likeness. Air de tête (paint.); the attitude of the head. Un — gai, triste; a lively, dull, tune. Faire un — sur des paroles; to set words to music. Jouer un — rapide; to play a flourish. Ce cheval va à tout —; this horse has all his paces.

airain, n.m., brass. L’âge d’—; the brazen age. Avoir un front d’—; to have a brazen face, to blush at nothing. Avoir des entrailles d’—; to have a heart of stone.

aire, n.f., area, barn-floor, threshing-floor; aerie (of a bird of prey); (of ships) impetus, headway. L’— d’un bâtiment; (arch.) the area of a building. — de plancher; superficies of a floor. L’— d’un triangle; (geom.) the area or inside of a triangle. Une — de vent; (nav.) a point of the compass.

airée, n.f., the lot of wheat, &c., lying on a barn-floor; batch of dough.

airelle, n.f., whortleberry, bilberry.

airer, v.n., to make its aerie or nest.

ais (ê), n.m., board, shelf, plank; (print.) wetting-board; butcher’s block.

aisance, n.f., ease, freedom, easiness, affluence; the comforts or conveniences of life. —s, pl., water-closet. Il fait tout avec —; he does everything with ease. Avoir de l’— dans les manières; to have an easy deportment. Être dans l’—; to be in easy circumstances. Cabinet d’—s, lieux d’—s; water-closet. Fosse d’—s; cess-pool.

aise, n.f., gladness, joy, content; ease, comfort, conveniency. À l’—; easily; comfortable. Se pâmer d’—; to be overjoyed. Tressaillir d’—; to leap for joy. Elle ne se sent pas d’—; she is beside herself for joy. Être à son —; to be well off. Mettre quelqu’un à son —; to put at ease, to reassure any one. Vous en parlez bien à votre —; it is easy for you to say so. N’en prendre qu’à son —; to do only what pleases one, to take it easy. Se sentir mal à l’—; to feel uncomfortable. Aimer ses —s; to love one’s ease. On n’a pas toutes ses —s en ce monde; we cannot have all we wish for in this world.

aise, adj., glad, joyful, well pleased. Je suis bien — de vous voir; I am very glad to see you.

aisé, -e, adj., easy, convenient, commodious; in easy circumstances. Cela est — à dire; it is an easy thing to say. Un homme — à vivre; an easy, good-natured man. Des souliers —s; comfortable shoes. Un air —; an easy deportment. Un style —; a free, lucid, easy style. Il est fort —; he is in very easy circumstances.

aisément, adv., easily, readily, commodiously, freely, comfortably.

aisselle, n.f., arm-pit; (anat., bot.) axil, axilla.

aitiologie. V. étiologie.

ajointer, v.a., to join end to end, to fit.

ajonc, n.m., furze, thorn-broom, gorse, whin.

ajournement, n.m., adjournment, postponement; (jur.) summons.

ajourner, v.a., to adjourn, to put off; (jur.) to summon.

ajourner, v.n., s’ajourner, v.r., to adjourn, to be adjourned, to put off, to defer, to summons.

ajoutage, n.m., piece joined on.

ajouter, v.a., to add, to join, to put to, to tag, to subjoin, to supply, to interpolate. Ce passage a été ajouté à ce livre; this passage is an interpolation. — foi à quelque chose; to give credit to a thing.

ajoutoir. V. ajoutage, ajutage.

ajustage, n.m., adjusting, or giving the legal weight to a coin.

ajusté, -e, part., adjusted, fitted, accommodated, dressed. Un style bien —; a very elaborate style. Comme vous voilà —! what a figure you cut.

ajustement, n.m., adjustment, adjusting, fitting, regulation, settlement; laying out; attire, garb, apparel, dress, garment; accommodation, agreement, reconciliation. L’— d’un poids; the adjusting of a weight. L’— d’une machine; the regulating a machine. Elle n’est pas belle, elle a besoin d’—; she is not handsome, she needs dress or adornment.

ajuster, v.a., to adjust, to regulate, to square, to size, to tally; to aim, to take aim at, to aim at; to fit, to adapt, to set in order, to accommodate; to trim, to bedeck, to dress. — un lièvre; to take aim at a hare. — de nouveau; to recompose. — ses cheveux; to put one’s hair in order. — deux personnes; to reconcile two people, to make them agree. — un différend; to reconcile a différence. Ajustez vos flûtes; understand one another. On l’a bien ajusté; they have given it him well. — des passages d’un livre; to make passages of a book agree.

s’ajuster, v.r., to prepare one’s self, to get one’s self ready; to dress, to deck, one’s self out; to agree, to take measures, to concert together.

ajusteur, n.m., weigher at the mint, fitter, sizer.

ajustoir, n.m., a pair of scales (used in the mint); assay scales.

ajutage, ajutoir, n.m., adjutage, a tube or pipe (for water-works).

alacrité, n.f., alacrity.

alambic, n.m., alembic, still. Faire passer par l’—; to distill, to draw by distillation. Passer par l’—; to undergo a careful examination.

alambiqué, -e, part., far-fetched, too subtle, too refined, fine-spun, wire-drawn. Cette pensée est trop —e; that thought is too refined.

alambiquer, v.a., to puzzle, to refine too much upon. S’— l’esprit sur quelque chose; to beat, puzzle one’s brains about a thing, to pore over it.

alanguir (-ghir), v.a., to enfeeble, to make languid.

s’alanguir, v.r., to languish, to flag, to become languid.

alarguer (-ghé), v.n., (nav.) to bear off, to put to sea, to sheer off.

alarmant, -e, adj., alarming, dreadful.

alarme, n.f., alarm, sudden fear, fright. Sonner l’—, donner l’—; to sound, to give the alarm. Cloche d’—; alarm-bell. Fausse —; false alarm. Donner des —s; to cause uneasiness to. Porter l’— dans; to alarm. L’— est au camp; they are in a great fright. Tenir en —; to keep in constant fear.

alarmer, v.a., to alarm, to raise an alarm, to startle.

s’alarmer, v.r., to take alarm, to be alarmed. Ne vous alarmez point; don’t frighten yourself.

alarmiste, n.m.f., alarmist.

alaterne, n.m., species of buck-thorn; alatern.

albâtre, n.m., alabaster, whiteness. D’—; of alabaster, snowy white.

albatros, n.m., (orni.) albatross.

alberge, n.f., a small forward peach.

albergier, n.m., an alberge-tree.

albigeois, n.m.pl., Albigenses.

albinos, n.m., albino.

albion, n.f., Albion (England).

albran. V. halbran.

albuginé, -e, adj., (anat.) albugineous.

albugineu-x, -se, adj., (anat.) albugineous, whitish.

albugo, n.m., (med.) albugo.

album (-bom), n.m., album, scrap-book, sketch-book.

albumine, n.f., albumen, white (of an egg).

albumineu-x, -se, adj., albuminous.

alcade, n.m., Spanish alcaid, alcade.

alcaïque, adj., alcaic. Vers —s; alcaic verses.

alcalescence, n.f., alkalescence.

alcalescent, -e, adj., alkalescent.

alcali, n.m., alkali.

alcalimètre, n.m., alkalimeter.

alcalin, -e, adj., alkaline.

alcalisation, n., alkalization.

alcaliser, v.a., (chem.) to alkalize.

alcaloïde, n.m., (chem.) alkaloid.

alcantara, n.m., a Spanish military order.

alcarraza, n.m., water-cooler.

alcazar, n.m., alcazar (Moorish palace).

alcée, n.f., hollyhock.

alchimie, n.f., alchemy.

*alchimille, n.f., (bot.) lady’s mantle.

alchimique, adj., alchymical.

alchimiste, n.m., alchymist.

alcool, n.m., alcohol.

alcoolique, adj., alcoholic.

alcoolisation, n.f., alcoholization.

alcooliser, v.a., to alcoholize.

alcoolisme, n.m., (med.) alcoholism.

alcoran, n.m., Koran.

alcôve, n.f., alcove, recess.

alcyon, n.m., halcyon, kingfisher.

alcyonien, -ne, (-in, -è-n), adj., halcyon.

aldébaran, n.m., (astron.) Aldebaran.

alderman, n.m., alderman.

aléatoire, adj., (jur.) eventual, aleatory, contingent.

alêne, n.f., awl. Feuilles en —; acuminated leaves; (pisc.) sharp-nosed skate.

alénier, n.m., awl-maker.

alentir, s’alentir. V. ralentir and se ralentir.

alénois, n.m., common garden cress.

alentour, adv., about, around, round about. Les bois d’—; the neighboring, surrounding woods.

alentours, n.m.pl., the neighboring grounds; environs, neighborhood; persons about, around one; associates, familiars.

alépine, n.f., bombazine.

alérion, n.m., (her.) eaglet without beak or feet.

alerte, n.f., alarm, warning. En —; on the alert.

alerte, adj., alert, vigilant, watchful; active, stirring, quick, sprightly, brisk, lively, agile.

alerte, int., take care, be quick; up!

alésage, n.m., (tech.) boring, drilling.

aléser, v.a., (tech.) to hammer planchets; to drill, bore. — un canon; to bore a cannon.

alésoir, n.m., borer (instrument).

alevin (-vin), n.m., fry, young fish.

alevinage, n.m., small fry.

aleviner (-né), v.a., to stock with fry.

alevinier (-nié), n.m., breeding-pond.

alexandrien, -ne, adj., Alexandrian.

alexandrin, n.m., (poet.) alexandrine.

alexandrin, -e, adj., alexandrine.

alezan (-zān), n.m., chestnut horse.

alezan, -e, (-zān, -za-n), adj., chestnut.

alèze, n.f., sheet (placed under sick persons); draw-sheet; withe.

alfa, n.m., (bot.) an African plant; alfa-grass.

alfange, n.f., scimiter, phalanx, battalion (Chinese, Tartar). V. cimeterre.

algalie, n.f., (surg.) catheter.

alganon, n.m., a chain for galley-slaves.

algarade, n.f., (fam.) insult, affront; rating; blowing up; attack. Faire une —; to insult, to rate any one; to blow any one up.

algèbre, n.f., algebra.

algébrique, adj., algebraical.

algébriquement, adv., algebraically.

algébriste, n.m., algebraist.

algide, adj., (med.) cold as ice, algid.

algor, n.m., (med.) algor.

algorithme, n.m., algorithm.

alguazil (-goua-zil), (—s) n.m., alguazil.

algue, n.f., alga, sea-weed, sea-wrack grass.

alibi, n.m., (—s) (jur.) alibi.

alibiforain, n.m., (fam. l.u.) irrelevant, rambling answer; evasion, shuffling, prevarication.

alibile, adj., (med.) alible.

aliboron, n.m., jackass, a self-conceited fellow. Maître —; ass.

aliboutier, n.m., a fragrant resin, storax.

alidade, n.f., alidade, the index of any surveying instrument, such as a quadrant, sextant, &c.

aliénable, adj., alienable, transferable.

aliénataire, n.m., alienee.

aliénat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., alienator.

aliénation, n.f., a legal conveyance of property to another, alienation, transfer; alienation (of the mind). — mentale; mental derangement, madness.

aliéné, -e, n., lunatic, maniac. Hospice pour les —s; lunatic asylum. Maison d’—s; mad-house.

aliéné, -e, adj., (of property) alienated, transferred to another; (affections) estranged, withdrawn; (of the mind) deranged, mad.

aliéner, v.a., to alienate, to give away, to part with, to make over, to deliver up the possession or right of. — les affections, les cœurs, les esprits; to alienate, to estrange, to disaffect, to lose the affection. Il a aliéné les esprits; he has disaffected all minds. — l’esprit à quelqu’un; to drive one mad. S’—, v.r., to lose, to estrange; to be lost; to be alienated; to become deranged.

*aligné, -e, part., in line; laid out in a line; that stands in a right line; formed in line.

*alignement, n.m., laying out by a line; line; (milit.) dressing; (print.) ranging. Cette maison sort de l’—; that house stands out of the row. Rentrer dans l’—; to fall into line. Prendre l’—; to trace the line of. —! (milit.) dress!

*aligner, v.a., to lay out by a line; to square; to put in a straight line; (milit.) to dress; (print.) to range. — des troupes; to form troops in a line. — ses phrases; to square one’s sentences. — un compte (com.); to balance an account.

s’aligner, v.r., (milit.) to dress; (pop.) to have a set to, to fight.

aliment, n.m., food, aliment, nourishment, meat, nutriment, nutrition; fuel; (jur.) allowance.

aliments, n.m.pl., (jur.) alimony, maintenance.

alimentaire, adj., alimentary; alimental. Pension —; alimony, maintenance. Régime —; diet. Pompe —; feed-pump, donkey engine.

alimentation, n.f., alimentation; feeding.

alimenter, v.a., to feed, to nourish; to maintain; to supply with what is necessary, to furnish; to fuel, to keep up. Le marché ne fournit pas de quoi — la ville; the market does not furnish enough to supply the town.

alimenteu-x, -se, adj., (med.) nutritive, alimentary, alimental.

alinéa, n.m., (—s), new paragraph, break.

aliquante, adj., (math.) aliquant.

aliquote, adj., (math.) aliquot.

alise, n.f., beam-berry, wild-sorb, chess-apple.

alisier, n.m., service-tree, beam-tree.

alité, -e, part., bedridden, laid up.

aliter, v.a., to confine to one’s bed.

s’aliter, v.r., to keep one’s bed, to be bedridden, to take to one’s bed.

alizari, n.m., madder-root.

alize, adj., (nav.). Vents —s; trade-winds.

alizé, n.f. V. alise.

alizier, n.m. V. alisier.

alkali, &c. V. alcali, &c.

alkékenge, n.m., winter-cherry.

alkermès (-ess), n.m., alkermes.

allah (al-la), n.m., Alla, Allah.

allaitement (-lèt-mān), n.m., lactation, nursing, suckling.

allaiter, v.a., to suckle, to give suck, to nurse.

allant, n.m., goer. — et venants; goers and comers.

allant, -e, adj., stirring, bustling, fond of going about.

allantoïde, n.f., (anat.) allantois.

allèchement, n.m., allurement, enticement, bait.

allécher, v.a., to allure, to entice, to attract.

allée, n.f., going; passage, entry, alley; lane; walk. Une — couverte; a shady walk. Faire des —s et venues; to go in and out, to and fro.

allégation (al-lé-), n.f., citation, quotation, allégation.

allège, n.f., lighter, tender; (arch.) window basement, sill of the window; (rail.) tender. Frais d’—; (com.) lighterage.

allégeance (al-lé-jan-s), n.f., (l.u.) allegiance. Serment d’—; oath of allegiance.

allégeance, n.f., alleviation, relief.

allégement (al-léj-mān), n.m., alleviation, ease, relief.

alléger (al-lé-jé), v.a., to ease, to disburden, to lighten, to unload (a boat); to alleviate, to soften, to relieve, to assuage pain or grief; (nav.) to buoy up.

allégir, v.a., to lighten, to reduce.

allégorie (al-lé-), n.f., allegory. Par —; allegorically.

allégorique (al-lé-), adj., allegoric, allegorical.

allégoriquement (-mān), adv., allegorically.

allégoriser (al-lé-), v.a., to allegorize.

allégoriseur (al-lé-), n.m., allegorizer.

allégoriste (al-lé-), n.m., allegorist.

allègre (al-lègr), adj., brisk, nimble, sprightly, jolly, cheerful.

allègrement, adv., briskly, joyfully, merrily, joyously.

allégresse, n.f., mirth, cheerfulness, gladness, joy, gaiety, sprightliness, alacrity, glee, joyfulness. Cris d’—; shouts of gladness; huzzas.

allégretto (al-lé-grèt-to), adv. and n.m., (—s) (mus.) allegretto.

allégro (al-lé-), adv. and n.m., (—s) (mus.) allegro.

alléguer (al-lé-ghé), v.a., to allege; to quote, to bring in, to cite, to plead, to produce, to advance, to urge.

alléluia, n.m., hallelujah; (bot.) wood-sorrel.

allemand, -e (-mān, -mānd), adj., German. Une querelle d’—; a groundless quarrel.

allemand, n.m., -e, n.f., German.

allemande, n.f., allemande, a dance.

aller, n.m., going, course of time, run; (nav.) outward voyage. — et retour; voyage out and in. Billet d’— et retour; return ticket. Au long —; in the long run. Avoir l’— pour le venir; to lose one’s time and trouble. Au pis —; at the worst. C’est votre pis —; it’s your last shift.

aller (allant, allé), v.n., to go, to be going; to move, to be in motion or movement; to depart, to repair, to resort; to reach, to come, to lead, to end; to do; to be; to go forward, to go on; to succeed; to amount; to act; to proceed; to go about; to tend, to aim; to arrive; to lay; to stake; to play; to go to the water-closet; to work; to chance; to fit, to become, to be matched; to sail. — au marché; to go to market. Allez en paix; depart in peace. Allez au diable; go to the devil. — croissant; to go on increasing. La carte va à dix francs; the bill amounts to ten francs. Faire —; to make go, to set going. — à pied; to go on foot. — à cheval; to go on horseback, to ride. — en voiture; to ride in a carriage, to drive. — au pas; at a walking pace. — au trot; to trot. — au galop; to gallop. — au petit galop; to canter. — son train; to keep on, to take one’s own course. — bon train; to go on at a good round pace, to get on well. — à tâtons; to grope along. — au devant de quelqu’un, à la rencontre de quelqu’un; to go and meet any one. — çà et là; to ramble, roam about. Ne faire qu’— et venir; to do nothing but run backwards and forwards. Je ne ferai qu’— et venir; I will not stay; I shall be back again directly. Ma montre ne va pas; my watch does not go. Va vite; go quickly. Allant à; (nav.) bound for. Cela vous va; that suits you. Allons donc; come now; nonsense! Allez, va; be gone; be off. Ils vont venir; they will come presently. — se promener; to go for a walk. Allez vous promener; go about your business. La rivière va serpentant; the river winds about. — aux informations, aux renseignements; to make inquiries. — aux voix; to put to the vote. — aux provisions; to go marketing. Ce vase va au feu; this jug stands the fire. — de pair; to be equal. — de pair à compagnon avec quelqu’un; to be cheek by jowl with any one. Ce chemin va à l’église; this way leads to church. La montagne va jusqu’aux nues; the mountain reaches to the clouds. — de mal en pis; to go from bad to worse. Comment va la santé? how is your health? Comment cela va-t-il? how are you? Sa santé va de mieux en mieux; his health is better and better. Comment allez-vous? how do you do? Tout va bien; all is well. Cet homme ira loin; that man will distinguish himself. Le feu ne va pas bien; the fire does not burn well. Nos affaires vont mal; our affairs are in a bad way. Le commerce ne va plus; trade is at a standstill. Cela ne va pas mal; things are in a fair way. Votre habit vous va mal; your coat doesn’t fit you. Ces deux couleurs-là vont bien ensemble; those two colors are well matched. Il y va de bonne foi; he acts sincerely. Y — rondement; to act frankly, openly. Tous mes désirs vont là; all my wishes tend that way. C’est un adroit qui va à ses fins; he is a cunning fellow, he pushes his point. — à la gloire; to aim at glory. Est-ce ainsi que vous y allez? is this your way? Tudieu! comme vous y allez; egad! you go on at a fine rate. De combien allez-vous? how much do you stake? Va pour du vin! (fam.) well, let us have some wine. Allons, mes amis, courage; come, my friends, cheer up, take courage. Allez, n’avez-vous point de honte? fie, are you not ashamed? Allez, je veux m’employer pour vous; take heart, I’ll interest myself on your behalf. Voyez où j’en serais, si elle allait croire cela; see what a plight I should be in, if she should chance to believe that. — toujours; to keep on, (b.s.) to rattle on, blunder on. Allez toujours; go it. Se laisser aller; to yield, to give way, to abandon one’s self to a thing. Se laisser — à la tentation; to yield to temptation. Se laisser — à la douleur; to give one’s self up to grief. Laisser —; to release, to let go. Quand il devrait y — de tout mon bien; though my whole fortune were at stake. Songez qu’il y va de votre honneur; reflect that your honor is at stake. Il y allait de la vie; it was a question of life or death. Quand il y irait de ma vie; although my life were at stake. Il en va, il en ira; it is, it will be. Il en va de cette affaire-là comme de l’autre; it is with that affair as with the other. Où va le navire? (nav.) where are you bound to? — son chemin; to pursue one’s course. Il ira son chemin; he will make his way. Faire en — tout le monde; to drive everybody away. Faire en — des taches; to take out stains. Tous chemins vont à Rome; more ways than one lead to Heaven. Cela va tout seul; there is no difficulty in the thing, or it is all plain sailing. Cela ne va pas; it’s no go, I am not well. Cela va sans dire; that goes without saying; of course. Cela ira; that will do; we shall succeed. Cela n’ira pas loin; that will not last long. Cela n’ira pas plus loin; it shall go no further. N’y pas — de main morte; to go at it tooth and nail. N’y pas — par quatre chemins; not to beat about the bush. Qui va là? who goes there?

s’en aller, v.r., to go away, to set out, to go out, to march off, to depart, to take oneself off; to run, to scamper away; to retire; to run out, to boil over, to dwindle away; to evaporate; to die, to wear out; to sneak off. Va-t’en; allez-vous-en; go away; be off with you! Il faut que tout le monde s’en aille; everybody must go away. Allons-nous-en; let us go. Ils s’en vont; they are going away. Mon habit s’en va; my coat is wearing out. Il s’en va; he is dying. Je m’en fus; I went away. Je m’en vais vous dire; I’ll tell you what. Tout s’en est allé en fumée; all came to nothing.

alleu, n.m., allodium. Franc-— (—s-—s); a freehold.

alliacé, -e, adj., (bot.) alliaceous.

alliage, n.m., alloyage, alloy, mixture, union; (arith.) alligation. Sans —; pure, without alloy, type-metal.

alliaire, n.f., hedge-garlic.

alliance, n.f., alliance, marriage, match; confederacy; union; blending; wedding-ring; covenant.

allié, n.m., -e, n.f., ally; relation (by marriage).

allié, -e, part., allied, related (by marriage); akin, kindred. Les rois alliés; the confederate kings.

allier, v.a., to mix; to combine, to unite; to match, to marry; to join, to unite, to ally, to reconcile. — l’or avec l’argent; to alloy gold with silver.

s’allier, v.r., to be incorporated or mixed; to match, to enter into an alliance; to unite; to suit; to combine (of metals).

allier, n.m., partridge-net.

☉alliez, n.m., (bot.) tare. V. ivraie.

alligator, n.m., the American crocodile, alligator.

allitération (al-li-), n.f., alliteration.

allobroge (al-lo-), n.m., clown, lout, boor.

allocation (al-lo-), n.f., allocation, allowance; (mil. admin.) entry, item, supply.

allocution (al-lo-), n.f., allocution, address, speech, harangue.

allodial, -e (al-lo-), adj., allodial. Terres —es; freehold lands, freeholds.

allodialité (al-lo-), n.f., free-tenure.

allonge, n.f., a piece of stuff to eke out anything; leaf (of a table); rider (of a bill); (nav.) futtock.

allongé, -e, part., lengthened, elongated, outstretched.

allongement (-mān), n.m., lengthening, stretching out, elongation, delaying.

allonger, v.a., to lengthen, to elongate, to piece, to eke out; to stretch out; to wire-draw; to delay, to protract; (fenc.) to allonge, to fetch, to deal, to strike (a blow).

s’allonger, v.r., to stretch out, to lengthen, to grow longer, to stretch, to lie at full length.

allouable, adj., allowable, permissible.

allouer, v.a., to allow, to grant, to fix.

alluchon, n.m., cog, catch, tooth (of a wheel).

allumer, v.a., to light, to kindle, to set in a flame or on fire, to inflame, to incite, excite, stir up. — le feu; to kindle the fire. — une chandelle; to light a candle. — la guerre; to kindle war.

s’allumer, v.r., to be lighted, to light, to kindle, to catch or take fire, to be inflamed, to blaze; to brighten up, to sparkle, to glare; to flare up, to break out. Ce bois a bien de la peine à s’—; this wood won’t kindle.

allumette, n.f., match; fusee; spill. — chimique; lucifer-match. — en copeau; spill, pipe-light.

allumeur, n.m., lighter, lamp-lighter; (at auctions) puffer.

allure, n.f., gait, pace, way of walking; conduct, behavior, demeanor, carriage, way of proceeding; turn; (nav.) trim, appearance (of a vessel); pl., intrigues. Je le connais à son —; I know him by his gait. Je connais les —s de cet homme; I know that man’s way of dealing.

allusion (al-lu-), n.f., allusion, hint, innuendo. Faire — à quelque chose; to allude to something. Faire une — peu voilée; to give a broad hint.

alluvial, -e, adj., alluvious.

alluvien, -ne, (-in, -è-n), adj. V. alluvial.

alluvion (al-lu-), n.f., alluvion. D’—; alluvial.

almageste, n.m., almagest.

almanach (-nā), n.m., almanac, calendar. — du commerce; commercial directory. — d’adresse or des adresses; post office directory.

aloès (-èss), n.m., aloe; aloes.

aloétique, adj., aloetical.

aloi, n.m., alloy, standard; quality (of persons). Argent de bon —; good money. Homme de bas —; man of mean birth. Sans —; without alloy. Noblesse de bon —; true blue-blood.

☉aloïque, adj., aloetic.

alonge, &c. V. allonge, &c.

alopécie, n.f., (med.) alopecy, fox-evil.

alors, adv., then, at that time, in that case, in such a case. D’—; of that time. — même que; even when. — comme —; we shall know what to do, all in good time.

alose, n.f., (ich.) shad, alose.

alosier, n.f., alosière, n.f., shad-net.

alouchier, n.m., (bot.) white beam tree.

alouette, n.f., (orni.) lark. — huppée; tufted lark. — des champs; sky-lark. — lulu; wood-lark. Il attend que les —s lui tombent toutes rôties dans le bec; he expects a fortune to drop into his mouth. Pied d’—; (bot.) lark’s-heel, larkspur.

alourdir, v.a., to make dull, heavy, stupid. Je suis tout alourdi; my head is quite heavy.

s’alourdir, v.r., to grow dull, heavy.

alourdissement, n.m., heaviness, dullness.

aloyage, n.m., alloyage, mixture, pewterer’s alloy.

aloyau, n.m., sirloin or ribs of beef.

aloyer, v.a., to alloy gold and silver.

alpaca, n.m., alpaca, llama.

alpaga, n.m., alpaca (stuff).

alpestre, adj., alpine.

alpha, n.m., beginning, alpha.

alphabet, n.m., alphabet.

alphabétique, adj., alphabetical. Par ordre —; alphabetically. Répertoire —; alphabetical index.

alphabétiquement (-mān), adv., alphabetically.

alpin, -e, adj., alpine.

alpiniste, n.m., Alpine climber.

alpiou, n.m. Faire un —; to stake double.

alpiste, n.m., (bot.) canary-grass, phalaris.

alsacien, n.m., alsacienne, n.f., Alsatian, inhabitant of Alsace. — Lorrain, native of Alsace-Lorraine, now Elsass-Lothringen.

alsine, n.f. V. morgeline.

altaïque, adj., altaic, altaian.

altavelle, n.f., (pisc.) sting-ray, fire-flaire.

alte, n.f. V. halte.

altérable, adj., corruptible, alterable, adulterable.

altérable, n.s., (med.) alterative.

altérant, n.m., (med.) alterative.

altérant, -e, adj., that causes thirst; (med.) alterative.

altérati-f, -ve, adj., (med.) alterative.

altération, n.f., deterioration, corruption; adulteration, debasing; weakening, impairing, alteration, misrepresentation; excessive thirst. L’— de sa voix; the faltering of his voice. Tous les excès causent de l’— dans la santé; all excesses impair health.

altercas, n.m. V. altercation.

altercation, n.f., altercation, contest, wrangle, dispute.

altéré, -e, part., altered, adulterated; thirsty, dry. — de gloire; greedy of glory. — de sang; bloodthirsty, craving for blood.

alter ego, n.m., (n.p.) alter ego. C’est mon —; he is my other, second, self.

altérer, v.a., to alter, to change, to impair; to adulterate, to weaken; to mis-state, to distort, to pervert; to debase; to cause thirst; to disturb, to trouble; to discompose. Le soleil altère les couleurs; the sun makes colors fade. — la viande; to taint meat. — le caractère; to spoil the temper. — l’amitié; to weaken friendship. — la monnaie; to debase coin. Cette sauce aux anchois m’a fort altéré; that anchovy sauce has made me very dry, thirsty.

s’altérer, v.r., to be impaired or altered, to degenerate; to taint, to spoil, to falter, to tremble (of the voice). Le vin s’altère à l’air; wine spoils when exposed to the air. Sa santé commence à s’—; his health is beginning to be impaired.

altérer, v.n., to excite thirst, make thirsty.

alternance, n.f., alternation, succession.

alternat, n.m., alternateness; alternacy, rotation of crops.

alternati-f, -ve, adj., alternate, alternative.

alternative, n.f., alternative, choice, option. Je vous donne l’—; I give you your choice.

alternativement (-mān), adv., alternately, by turns.

alterne, adj., alternate, reciprocal.

alterné, -e, adj., (her.) alternate (quarters).

alterner, v.n., to alternate, to succeed each other alternately, to take in turns, to fill by turns, to produce a rotation of crops.

alterquer, v.n., to altercate, to dispute.

altesse, n.f., highness. Son — royale; his, her, royal highness.

althæa, n.m., (bot.) marsh-mallow.

alti-er, -ère, adj., haughty, proud, arrogant, lordly, lofty, elate, stately. Mine altière; haughty look.

altimètre, n.m., altimeter. V. hypsomètre.

altitude, n.f., altitude.

alto, n.m., (—s) (mus.) tenor violin, alto.

altruisme, n.m., altruism, altruist.

altruist, -e, adj., altruistic.

alude, n.f., colored sheep-skin, basil.

aludel, n.m., (chem.) aludel, earthen subliming pot.

alumelle, n.f., long and thin knife or sword-blade; (nav.) handspike-hole; sheathing.

alumine, n.f., alumina.

aluminé, -e, adj., alumish.

aluminer, v.a., to mix with alum.

alumineu-x, -se, adj., aluminous.

aluminière. V. alunière.

aluminium, n.m. (n.p.), aluminum, aluminium.

alun, n.m., alum.

alunage, n.m., (dye.) steeping in alum.

alunation, n.f., (chem.) alum-making.

aluner, v.a., to steep in alum-water.

alunière, n.f., alum-pit, alum works.

alvéolaire, adj., alveolar.

alvéole, n.m., alveolus, cell (in a honey-comb), socket (of a tooth).

alvin, -e, adj., (med.) alvine.

alysson, n.m., alysse, n.f., madwort, gold-dust.

amabilité, n.f., loveliness; kindness; amiableness, amiability.

amadis, n.m., tight sleeve.

amadou, n.m., German tinder; touch-wood, match-wood; pyrotechnical sponge.

amadouer, v.a., to coax, to wheedle, to cajole, to flatter, to gain over.

amadoueur, -se, n.m.f., tinder-maker; (fig.) coaxer, wheedler.

amadouvier, n.m., agaric, touch-wood.

amaigrir, v.a., to make lean, meagre, or thin, to emaciate, to reduce, to lessen; (arch.) to thin. C’est cela qui l’amaigrit; it is that which makes him grow thin.

amaigrir, v.n., to fall away, to grow lean or thin; (arch.) to shrink.

s’amaigrir, v.r., to grow thin, to fall away.

amaigrissement (-gris-mān), n.m., emaciation; wasting away, falling away, growing thin, leanness.

amalgamation, n.f., amalgamation.

amalgame, n.m., amalgam; medley, mixture, amalgamation.

amalgamer, v.a., to amalgamate, to combine, to blend.

s’amalgamer, v.r., to amalgamate; to blend together.

amande, n.f., almond, kernel; nucleus. — amère, douce; bitter, sweet, almond. —s lissées; sugar-plums. —s à la praline; burnt almonds. — d’amazone; Brazil-nut. Huile d’—s douces; oil of sweet almonds. — de terre; rush-nut.

amandé, n.m., amygdalate; milk of almonds.

amandier, n.m., almond-tree.

amant, n.m., -e, n.f., lover, wooer, suitor; sweetheart, mistress; votary, spark, gallant, paramour. — de cœur; favorite, preferred lover.

amarante, n.f., amaranth, purple flower-gentle, cock’s-comb, prince’s feather.

amarante, adj., amaranthine, amaranth-colored.

amareilleur, n.m., oyster-bed keeper.

amarinage, n.m., manning (a prize).

amariner, v.a., to man (a prize); to inure to sea.

amarrage, n.m., (nav.) anchorage; mooring, lashing, seizure. Ligne d’—; lasher.

amarre, n.f., (nav.) cable, rope, hawser. — de fond; ground tackle.

amarrer, v.a., (nav.) to moor, to belay, to make fast, to lash, to tie, to seize.

amaryllis (-ril-lis), n.f., amaryllis, lily-asphodel.

amas, n.m., mass, heap, pile, collection, hoard, store, accumulation, cluster; congeries. Un — de peuple; a great mob. — de sable; heap of sand.

amasser, v.a., to heap up, to hoard up, to lay up, to treasure up, to gather up, to get together, to accumulate, to rake together; to assemble, to congregate, to put together, to cluster. — de l’argent; to hoard up money.

s’amasser, v.r., to gather, to get together, to accumulate, to be collected, to crowd, to assemble.

amassette, n.f., a small palette-knife.

amatelotage (-mat-lo-), n.m., (nav.) messmating.

amateloter (-mat-lo-), v.a., (nav.) to class (the crew).

amateur, n.m., lover, admirer; amateur, virtuoso. — des beaux-arts; lover of the fine arts. — de la nouveauté; fond of novelty.

amati, n.m., an Amati violin.

amatir, v.a., (gold) to deaden; (coin.) to blanch the planchets.

amaurose, n.f., (med.) amaurosis.

amazone, n.f., amazon, lady on horseback. Habit d’—; riding-habit.

ambages, n.f.pl., ambages, idle circumlocution.

ambassade, n.f., embassy, embassade; ambassador’s house.

ambassadeur, n.m., ambassador; messenger, envoy.

ambassadrice, n.f., ambassadress.

ambe, n.m., series of two numbers.

ambesas (anb-zâs), n.m., ambs-ace, two aces.

ambi, n.m., (surg.) ambe, ambi.

ambiant, -e, adj., ambient, surrounding.

ambidextérité, n.f., double dealing; ambidexterity.

ambidextre, adj., ambidextrous, ambidexter.

ambigu, n.m., collation (with everything served up together); (fig.) medley, olio, compound.

ambigu, -ë, adj., ambiguous, equivocal.

ambiguïté, n.f., ambiguity. Parler sans —; to speak plainly.

ambigument, adv., ambiguously.

ambitieusement (-mān), adv., ambitiously.

ambitieu-x, -se, adj., ambitious, aspiring.

ambition, n.f., ambition.

ambitionner, v.a., to desire earnestly, to be ambitions of, to aspire to, to seek after.

amble, n.m., amble, canter. Aller l’—; to amble. Être franc d’—; to amble freely. Ce cheval a l’— doux; that horse has an easy amble.

ambler, v.n., to amble, to canter.

amblyope, n.m.f., weak-sighted person; n.m., (pisc.) blind-fish.

ambon, n.m., ambo, rood-loft.

ambre, n.m., amber. — gris; ambergris. Il est fin comme l’—; he is a shrewd fellow.

ambré, -e, adj., amber-colored.

ambrer, v.a., to perfume with amber.

ambrette, n.f., amber-seed, musk-seed.

ambroisie, n.f., ambrosia. D’—; ambrosial, fragrant, delicious.

ambrosien, -ne (-in, -ène), adj., pertaining to St. Ambrose; Ambrosian.

ambulance, n.f., field-hospital, ambulance. Chirurgien d’—; field-surgeon. En —; (of vendors) itinerant.

ambulant, -e, adj., ambulatory, ambulant; itinerant, strolling. Marchand —; itinerant dealer. Comédiens —s; strolling players. Erésipèle —; flying erysipelas. Mener une vie —e; to stroll about, to be upon the tramp.

ambulatoire, adj., ambulatory, movable, itinerant.

âme, n.f., soul; mind; genius; conscience; essence; ghost, spirit; feeling, sentiment; person, people; motto; bore (of a gun); small wood (in faggots); (of bellows) clapper; (sculp.) a rough figure of clay; the model made use of to form a mold; (mus.) sounding-post. Les facultés de l’—; the faculties of the mind. Grandeur d’—; magnanimity. Du fond de l’—; from the depths of the soul. Dieu veuille avoir son —; God rest his soul. Avoir la mort dans l’—; to be grieved to death. Il n’y a pas — qui vive ici; there is not a living creature here. Je le veux de toute mon —; I wish it with all my soul. Les bonnes —; (iron.) good-natured souls. Sans —; spiritless. La vérité est l’— de l’histoire; truth is the life of history. La bonne foi est l’— du commerce; honesty is the very soul of trade. Il n’y a point d’— dans sa déclamation; his delivery is spiritless. Il est l’— damnée du ministre; he is the minister’s tool. Rendre l’—; to give up the ghost. Il a l’— bourrelée; his conscience wracks him. Cet homme n’a point d’—; that man has no soul. Il n’y a pas d’— dans ce tableau; there is no life in this picture.

amélioration, n.f., amelioration, improvement, mending. Susceptible d’—; improvable.

améliorer, v.a., to ameliorate, to improve, to meliorate, to better, to cultivate, to mend.

s’améliorer, v.r., to mend, to improve.

amen (amè-n), n.m., amen.

aménagement (-naj-mān), n.m., management of a forest, arrangement, fitting up; disposition (of a house).

aménager, v.a., to regulate the felling, replanting, and preserving of a wood or forest, to dispose, arrange, lay out. — un arbre; to cut up a tree.

amendable, adj., improvable, mendable.

amende, n.f., fine, penalty, forfeit, compensation, reparation. Mettre or condamner à l’—; to fine. Faire — honorable; to make amends, to apologize.

amendé, -e, part., amended, mended, reclaimed.

amendement (-mān), n.m., amendment, mending, bettering, improvement. — d’une terre; improvement, manuring of a piece of ground. La loi a passé sans —; the bill passed without amendment.

amender, v.a., to amend, to better, to correct, to improve, to manure.

amender, v.n., to grow better, to improve.

s’amender, v.r., to amend, to grow better, to reform; to mend.

amener, v.a., to bring; to bring in, to bring up, to bring over, to bring about, to bring round, to bring on; to lead; to fetch, to introduce; to prevail upon, to induce; to throw (of dice); (nav.) to haul down, lower, strike. Je l’ai amené où je voulais; I brought him to do what I wanted. Il a amené cette affaire à bien; he has ended the matter satisfactorily. — des maladies; to bring on diseases. — des modes; to bring in fashions. — quelqu’un à faire une chose; to induce any one to do a thing. — son pavillon; to lower, to strike one’s flag. Cette remarque est bien amenée; i.e. cleverly introduced, well to the point. N’amenez jamais la conversation sur la politique; never introduce politics into conversation.

aménité, n.f., amenity, pleasantness, grace.

amentacées, n.f.pl., (bot.) amentaceous plants.

amenuiser, v.a., to make thin, to make smaller; to lessen.

am-er (amè-r), -ère, adj., bitter, sad, painful, grievous; harsh, biting, galling, briny. Principe —; (chem.) bitter principle. Rendre —; to embitter. Cela est d’un goût —; that has a bitter taste. Avoir la bouche amère; to have a bitter taste in the mouth. Des plaintes amères; bitter complaints. Une raillerie amère; cutting raillery.

amer (amè-r), n.m., bitterness, gall (of some animals and fish). —s; (med.) bitters; (nav.) seamarks, landmarks.

amèrement (-mān), adv., bitterly, grievously.

américain, n.m., -e, n.f., American.

américain, -e, adj., American.

américaine, n.f., (print.) script.

amertume, n.f., bitterness, acerbity; grief, sorrow; gall, venom.

améthyste, n.f., amethyst.

améthyste, n.m., humming-bird.

améthystin, -e, adj., amethystine.

ameublement, n.m., furniture, household goods, set of furniture.

ameublir, v.a., (agri.) to make lighter, to mellow; (law) to make movable.

ameublissement (-mān), n.m., (agri.) dressing, mellowing; (law) lien upon land.

ameulonner, v.a., to stack hay, corn, &c.

ameuter, v.a., to train dogs to hunt together; to stir up, gather, rouse, excite.

s’ameuter, v.r., to gather in a mob, to crowd, to riot; to mutiny, to rebel.

ami, n.m., -e, n.f., friend. Bon —, véritable —; good, true friend. — de table; table companion. Bonne —e; sweetheart. C’est un de mes vieux —s; he is an old pal, chum of mine. Traiter quelqu’un en —; to use one like a friend. Être — de; to be the companion of, to be partial to. Les bons comptes font les bons —s; short reckonings make long friends. M’—e (for mon amie); my dear, my love, darling. Mon —! my dear! Chambre d’—; spare room. Ami de cour; false friend. — en voie; a friend at court.

ami, -e, adj., friendly; kind, fond of; (paint.) friendly, favorite, propitious. — lecteur, kind reader.

amiable, adj., amiable, kind, friendly, courteous, amicable.

à l’amiable, adv., amicably, by private contract (of sales). Terminer un différend à l’—; to settle a quarrel amicably. Vente à l’—; sale by private contract.

amiablement, adv., amicably, in a friendly manner.

amiante, n.m., amianthus, mountain-flax, earth-flax.

amical, -e, adj., amicable, friendly, kind.

amicalement (-mān), adv., amicably, kindly, in a friendly manner.

amict (a-mi), n.m., amice.

amidon, n.m., starch; fecula.

amidonner, v.a., to starch.

amidonnerie (-do-n-rî), n.f., starch manufactory, starch-works.

amidonnier, n.m., starch-maker.

☉amigdale, n.f. V. amygdale.

amincir, v.a., to make thinner, smaller; to lessen, to edge off, to attenuate.

s’amincir, v.r., to become thinner, to make one’s self thin.

amincissement (-mān), n.m., thinning, thinness.

amiral, n.m., admiral. Vaisseau —; flag-ship; (conch.) admiral. Grand —; high-admiral. Vice —; vice-admiral. Contre —; rear-admiral.

amiralat, n.m., admiralship.

amirale, n.f., admiral’s wife.

amirauté, n.f., admiralship; admiralty.

amitié, n.f., friendship, amity; affection, good-will; favor, kindness; pleasure; interest; pl., kind regards, compliments, attentions. Se lier d’— avec; to become intimate with. Être sur un pied d’— avec; to be on friendly terms with. Faites-moi l’— de lui en parler; do me the kindness to mention it to him. Par —; out of friendship. Prendre quelqu’un en —; to take a liking to any one. L’— des couleurs; the perfect blending of colors. Il m’a fait des —s; he showed me much attention. Faites-lui mes —s; remember me kindly to him. Mes —s à tout le monde; love to all.

amman, n.m., amman, a judge who has cognizance of civil causes, in Switzerland.

ammi, n.m., (bot.) bishop’s-wort.

ammon, n.m., ammonite. Corne d’—, n.f., sermon-stone.

ammonia-c, -que, adj., ammoniac. Sel —; sal ammoniac. Gomme —que; gum ammoniac. Gaz —; ammoniacal gas.

ammoniacal, adj., ammoniacal.

ammoniaque, n.m.f., ammonia.

ammonite, n.f., (foss.) serpent-stone.

amnios, n.m., (n.p.) (anat.) amnion, amnios.

amnistie (am-nis-tî), n.f., amnesty, pardon.

amnistié (am-nis-tîé), n.m., -e, n.f., person pardoned by amnesty.

amnistier (am-nis-tié), v.a., to pardon by amnesty.

amodiataire, n.m., lessor (of a farm).

amodiateur, n.m., tenant of land, lessee, farmer.

amodiation, n.f., leasing, letting out to farm.

amodier, v.a., to farm out an estate; to rent an estate.

amoindrir, v.a., to lessen, to decrease, diminish.

amoindrir, v.n., to lessen, to grow less, to decrease.

s’amoindrir, v.r., to lessen, to grow less.

amoindrissement (-mān), n.m., lessening, decrease, abating, diminution.

amollir, v.a., to mollify, to soften, to mellow; to enervate, to effeminate, to unman.

s’amollir, v.r., to soften, to grow tender, to grow soft; to grow effeminate or weak.

amollissant, -e, adj., enervating, effeminating, softening.

amollissement (-mān), n.m., softening, flagging, enervation, abatement.

amome, n.m., amomum. — à grappes; cardamom-tree.

amonceler, v.a., to heap up, to lay in a heap, to fill up, to pile up, to drift.

s’amonceler, v.r., to gather; to be filled up; to accumulate, to drift. Les nuages s’amoncellent; the clouds are gathering.

amoncellement (-sel-mān), n.m., heaping up, accumulation.

amont, adv., up the river, up stream; above the town. Vent d’—; (nav.) easterly wind. Aller en —; to go up. En — du pont; above bridge.

amorce, n.f., bait; priming; (percussion) cap; tinder, train; allurement, attraction, enticement, decoy, charm, electro-plating bath. Douce —, dangereuse —; sweet, dangerous attraction. Trompeuses —s; deceitful allurements. Sans brûler une —; without firing a shot.

amorcer, v.a., to bait; to prime, to cap (small arms); to allure, to entice, to decoy, to draw in. — un hameçon; to bait a hook. — une arme à feu; to prime a gun.

amorçoir, n.m., wimble, auger. V. ébauchoir.

amoroso, adv., (mus.) amoroso.

amorphe, adj., amorphous.

amorphie, n.f., amorphy.

amortir, v.a., to deaden, allay, moderate; to weaken; to break (a fall); (fin.) to sink; to redeem (land, stock); to pay off; to cool (passions); (jur.) to amortize; (paint.) to flatten; to buy up. — un coup, le bruit; to deaden a blow, the sound. — une pension; to redeem a pension. — des dettes; to pay off debts. — la fièvre; to reduce the fever.

amortir, v.n., (nav.) to be neaped, to be dry.

s’amortir, v.r., to be broken, deadened; to slacken; to be paid off; to be bought up; to grow weak.

amortissable, adj., (fin.) redeemable.

amortissement (-mān), n.m., redeeming, buying up; liquidation; sinking; deadening, abatement, redemption; amortization; (arch.) the uppermost part of a building, top, pediment, finishing; (nav.) lying aground. Caisse d’—; sinking-fund office. Fonds d’—; sinking-fund (capital).

amour, n.m., love, lovingness, passion, flame. L’Amour; (myth.) Eros; Cupid. Beau comme l’Amour; a very Adonis. Lacs d’—; love-knot. Avec —; lovingly, carefully. Se marier par —; to marry for love. Mourir d’—; to be lovesick. Avoir de l’— pour; to be in love with. En —; (of animais) in heat. Filer le parfait —; to play the sentimental lover. Faire l’—; to court, to make love to. Pour l’— de Dieu; for God’s sake. Je voudrais pour l’— de vous que cela fût; I wish it were so for your sake. C’est un vrai remède d’—; she is a perfect fright. La terre est en —; the land is ripe for vegetation. Cette montre est un véritable —; that is a love of a watch. Quel — d’enfant! what a love of a child! — propre, self-love, self-respect, conceit, vanity.

amours, n.f.pl., one’s love, flame, amours; delight. Ses premières —; his first love. Les —; (myth.) the Loves. De folles —; foolish love. Les tableaux sont ses —; pictures are his delight. Froides mains, chaudes —; cold hand, warm heart.

amouraché, -e, part., (fam.) smitten, in love with.

amouracher, v.a., to make fall in love.

s’amouracher, v.a., (fam.) to become enamored of, smitten with.

amourette, n.f., intrigue; love, love-affair; amour; (bot.) quaking-grass. —s de veau; calf’s marrow.

amoureusement (-eûz-mān), adv., amorously, lovingly; tenderly, softly.

amoureu-x, -se, adj., in love, enamored, amorous; loving. Il est — de cette femme; he is in love with that woman. Regards —; looks full of love. Devenir —; to fall in love. Être — des onze mille vierges; to be a universal lover, a man-flirt.

amoureu-x, n.m., -se, n.f., lover, wooer, sweetheart, spark; (thea.) actor, actress, who performs lovers’ parts.

amovibilité, n.f., revocableness, removability, liability to removal.

amovible, adj., removable, revocable, at pleasure. Emploi —; revocable appointment, office held during pleasure.

amphibie, n.m., amphibian; time-server, double-dealer; (pers.) jack of all trades; man of two different trades.

amphibie, adj., amphibious.

amphibologie, n.f., amphibology.

amphibologique, adj., amphibological, ambiguous.

amphibologiquement (-jik-mān), adv., amphibologically, ambiguously.

amphibraque, n.m., (poet.) amphibrach.

amphictyonide, adj. Ville —; a town having the right of sending a deputy to the Amphictyonic council.

amphictyonique, adj., Amphictyonic.

amphictyons (-ti-ōn), n.m.pl., Amphictyons.

amphigouri, n.m., ludicrous poem, burlesque, or speech; rigmarole, gibberish.

amphigourique, adj., ludicrous, nonsensical, burlesque.

amphigouriquement (-rik-mān), adv., nonsensically.

amphimacre, n.m., (poet.) amphimacer.

amphisciens (-si-in), n.m., (geog.) amphiscians.

amphithéâtral, -e, adj., amphitheatrical.

amphithéâtre, n.m., amphitheatre; first gallery; dissecting-room, lecture-room. En —; in the form of an amphitheatre.

amphitryon, n.m., (myth.) Amphitryon; host, entertainer.

amphore, n.f., amphora, pitcher, jug.

ample, adj., ample, full; large, vast, spacious, roomy, wide, broad; copious, diffuse.

amplement, adv., amply, fully; largely, plentifully, broadly, extensively, diffusively.

ampleur, n.f., amplitude, largeness, wideness. Il n’a pas assez d’—; it is too scanty, not full enough.

ampliati-f, -ve, adj., (of the Pope’s briefs and bulls) additional, enlarging on.

ampliation, n.f., the duplicate (of a receipt). Pour —; a true copy (jurisp.). Lettres d’—; letters of ampliation.

☉amplier, v.a., (jur.) to prolong, to put off, to defer.

amplificateur, n.m., (b.s.) amplifier.

amplification, n.f., amplification.

amplifier, v.a., to amplify, to enlarge, to enrich, to enlarge upon; to expatiate upon.

amplitude, n.f., (astron., geol.) amplitude.

ampoule, n.f., blister on the hands or feet; (med., bot.) ampulla. La sainte —; the holy phial (for holy oil). Faire venir des —s; to blister.

ampoulé, -e, adj., blistered; tumid, high-flown, swelling, bombastic, turgid. Un style —, des vers —s; high-flown style, bombastic verses.

ampouler, v.a., (metal.) to blister.

ampouler, v.n., to blister.

ampoulette, n.f., (nav.) clock; glass.

amputation, n.f., amputation. Faire une —; to perform an amputation.

amputé, n.m., -e, n.f., one who has had a limb amputated.

amputer, v.a., to amputate, to cut off.

amulette, n.f., amulet, charm.

amure, n.f., (nav.) tack of a sail. Première — de misaine; fore-tack. Grande —; main-tack.

amurer, v.a., (nav.) to haul or bring aboard the tack of a sail. Amure la grande voile! aboard the main tack!

amusable, adj., capable of being amused, amusable.

amusant, -e, adj., amusing, diverting, entertaining.

amusement (-mān), n.m., amusement, pastime, entertainment, sport, diversion; sham, trick, mere put off; fooling, trifling. Pas tant d’—; less trifling.

amuser, v.a., to amuse, to divert, to entertain, to recreate, to solace, to beguile; to put one off with fair words and promises; to trifle with; to stop, to detain; to deceive. Ne m’amusez pas; don’t detain me. — le tapis; to talk the time away, to be long in coming to the point. — l’ennemi; to deceive the enemy.

s’amuser, v.r., to amuse one’s self, to busy one’s self; to disport, to sport, to tarry, to stay, to trifle, to stand trifling. S’— de quelqu’un; to trifle with any one. Ne vous amusez pas en chemin; don’t loiter on the way. S’— à des bagatelles; to care for nothing but trifles. S’— à la moutarde; to stand at trifles.

amusette, n.f., amusement, trifling, child’s play.

amuseur, n.m., entertainer, deceiver.

amusoire, n.f., something amusing, toy, trifle.

amygdale, n.f., (anat.) almond, tonsil.

amygdaloïde, n.f., amygdaloid.

amylacé, -e, adj., amylaceous, resembling starch.

an, n.m., year, twelvemonth. Le jour de l’—; New Year’s day. L’— bissextile; leap year. Bon —, mal —; one year with another. Au bout d’un —; twelve months after that. L’— de notre Seigneur; the, in the, year of our Lord. L’— du monde; the, in the, year of the world. Il y a un —; a year ago. Nouvel —; New Year. L’— passé; last year. Tous les —s; every year, yearly. Tous les deux —s; every other year. Elle a quinze —s; she is fifteen. Une fois, deux fois, l’—; once, twice, a year. Bon jour, bon —; a happy New Year to you. Bout de l’—, service du bout de l’—; service, commemoration. Je m’en moque comme de l’— quarante; I don’t care two straws about it.

ana, n.m., (—) termination, denoting a collection of sayings, ana; (phar.) ana, āā or ā.

anabaptisme (-ba-tism), n.m., anabaptism.

anabaptiste (-ba-tist), n.m., anabaptist.

anacarde, n.m., anacardium, cashew-nut.

anacardier, n.m., anacardium, cashew-tree.

anachorète (-ko-), n.m., anachoret, anchorite, hermit.

anachronisme (-kro-), n.m., anachronism.

anacoluthe, n.f., (gram.) anacoluthon.

anacréontique, adj., anacreontic.

anagallis. V. mouron.

anagnoste, n.m., (antiq.) a slave who, among the Romans, read during the meals.

anagogique, adj., (theol.) anagogical, mystical.

anagrammatique, adj., anagrammatical.

anagrammatiser, v.a., to anagrammatize.

anagrammatiste, n.m., anagrammatist.

anagramme, n.f., anagram.

anagyris (-rîs), n.m., bean-trefoil.

analectes, n.m.pl., (phil.) analects.

analemme, n.m., (astron.) analemma.

analeptique, adj., (med.) analeptic.

analeptique, n.m., (med.) analeptic.

analogie, n.f., analogy.

analogique, adj., analogous, analogical.

analogiquement (-jik-mān), adv., analogically.

analogisme, n.m., analogism.

analogue (-log), adj., analogous.

analyse, n.f., analysis; outline; parsing. Faire l’— de l’eau; to analyze water. Faire l’— d’un passage; (gram.) to parse a passage. En dernière —; to conclude, to sum up; the upshot of it is.

analyser, v.a., to analyze. — une fleur; to dissect a flower.

analyste, n.m., analyzer, analyst.

analytique, adj., analytical.

analytique, n.f., analytics.

analytiquement (-tik-mān), adv., analytically.

anamorphose, n.f., (persp.) anamorphosis.

ananas (-nâ), n.m., pineapple. Champ d’—; pinery. Fraise —; pine-strawberry.

anapeste, n.m., (poet.) anapæst.

anapestique, adj., anapæstic.

anaphore, n.f., (rhet.) anaphora.

anaphrodisiaque, adj., (pharm.) antaphrodisiac, anti-aphrodisiac.

anaphrodite, adj., (med.) impotent, anaphrodite.

anarchie, n.f., anarchy.

anarchique, adj., anarchical.

anarchiser, v.a., to throw into anarchy.

anarchiste, n.m.f., anarchist.

anarrhique, n.m., wolf-fish. — loup; ravenous wolf-fish.

anasarque, n.f., anasarca, dropsy of the skin.

anastomose, n.f., (anat.) anastomosis.

s’anastomoser, v.r., to anastomose.

anastrophe, n.f., (gram.) anastrophe.

anathématiser, v.a., to anathematize.

anathème, n.m., anathema; reprobation, curse. Frapper d’—; to anathematize. — maranatha; anathema, maranatha.

anathème, adj., anathematized.

anatife, n.m., barnacle.

anatocisme, n.m., anatocism (compound interest).

anatomie, n.f., anatomy, dissection; subject (body under dissection); methodical analysis (of a book). — comparée; comparative anatomy.

anatomique, adj., anatomical.

anatomiquement (-mān), adv., anatomically.

anatomiser, v.a., to anatomize. — un livre; to dissect a book.

anatomiste, n.m., anatomist.

ancêtre, n.m.f., ancestor, ancestress.

ancêtres, n.m.pl., ancestors, forefathers. De ses —; ancestral.

anche, n.f., reed (of a hautboy or other wind instrument); meal-spout (of a mill). — d’orgue; reed-stop of an organ.

anché, -e, adj., (her.) curved.

anchilops (-ki-), n.m., (med.) anchilops.

anchois, n.m., anchovy. Beurre or pâte d’—; anchovy paste.

anchoité, -e, adj., pickled like anchovies.

ancien, -ne (-si-in, -si-è-n), adj., ancient, old; senior; of old times, of ancient standing; former, late, ex. Une — ne coutume; an old custom. L’— et le Nouveau Testament; the Old and New Testament.

ancien, n.m., senior; ancient; elder; old codger. Les ouvrages des —s; the works of the ancients. Les —s d’une église; the elders. L’—; Old Nick.

anciennement (-è-n-mān), adv., anciently, formerly; of yore, of old; in former times.

ancienneté (-è-n-té), n.f., ancientness, primitiveness; seniority, age, antiquity. De toute —; from the earliest times.

ancile, n.m., (antiq.) sacred buckler.

ancolie, n.f., (bot.) columbine.

anconé, n.m., (anat.) ancon.

ancrage, n.m., anchor-ground; anchorage. Droits d’—; anchorage dues.

ancre, n.f., anchor; (arch.) brace, an s. L’— de flot; the flood anchor. L’— de jusant; the ebb anchor. L’— de large; the sea anchor. Maîtresse —; the sheet anchor. — de rechange; spare anchor. La seconde —; the best bower anchor. L’— d’affourche; the small bower anchor. L’— de touée; the stream anchor. — de miséricorde, de salut; sheet anchor. — surjalée; foul anchor. Chasser sur ses —s; to drag one’s anchors. Empenneler une —; to back an anchor. Caponner l’—; to cat the anchor. Traverser l’—; to fish the anchor. Gouverner sur son —; to steer the ship to her anchor. Être à l’—; to ride at anchor. Fatiguer à l’—; to ride hard. Ne pas fatiguer à l’—; to ride easy. Jeter l’—; to cast anchor. Brider l’—; to shoe the anchor. Lever l’—; to weigh anchor. Mettre l’— à poste; to stow the anchor. Jeter sa dernière —; (fig.) to make a last effort. C’est notre — de salut; it is our last resource.

☉ancrer, v.n., to anchor, to come to an anchor. V. mouiller.

s’ancrer, v.r., to settle one’s self, to get a footing in a place, to take deep root in.

ancrure, n.f., small fold made in cloth while shearing it, crease; (arch.) iron prop.

andabate, n.m., (antiq.) gladiator who fought blindfolded.

andain, n.m., (agr.) swath; wind-row.

andanté, adv., (mus.) andante.

andante, n.m., (—s) (mus.) an air to be played or sung andante.

☉andelle, n.f., beech-wood.

*andouille, n.f., (of pigs) chitterlings; twist (of tobacco). Cela s’en est allé en brouet d’—; it all ended in smoke.

*andouiller, n.m., antler. Les premiers —s; the brow-antlers. Sur —s; sur-antlers.

*andouillette, n.f., forced-meat ball, small sausage.

androgyne, n.m., androgynous, hermaphrodite.

androgyne, adj., androgynal, androgynous.

androïde, n.m., android, automaton.

andromède, n.f., (astron.) Andromeda.

andropogon, n.m., (bot.) camel’s hay.

âne, n.m., ass, jackass, donkey; blockhead, ignorant fool, idiot; vice (instrument). Fait en dos d’—; (arch.) made with a shelving ridge; hog’s-back. Coq-à-l’—; cock-and-bull story. Promenade à —; donkey-ride. Pont aux —s; asses’ bridge. C’est le pont aux —s; every fool knows that. À laver la tête d’un —, on perd sa lessive; there is no washing a blackamoor white. Faute d’un point, Martin perdit son —; a miss is as good as a mile. Il ne sera jamais qu’un —; he will be an ass as long as he lives. Conte de peau d’—; fairy tale. On ne saurait faire boire un — qui n’a pas soif; you may take a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink. Têtu comme un —; as stubborn as a mule. Sérieux comme un — qu’on étrille; as grave as a judge. Tête d’—; ass’s head. Bonnet d’—; fool’s cap; (ich.) bull-head, miller’s-thumb, cottus.

anéantir, v.a., to annihilate, to put out of existence, to destroy; to reduce to nothing, to prostrate, to thunderstrike, to dumfound.

s’anéantir, v.r., to be annihilated or destroyed, to come to nothing; to cease to be, to humble oneself.

anéantissement (-mān), n.m., annihilation, annihilating; abjection, humiliation; prostration, depression; destruction, destroying, ruin, overthrow.

anecdote, n.f., anecdote.

anecdotier (-tié), n.m., anecdote-teller, monger.

anecdotique, adj., anecdotical. Recueil —; collection of anecdotes.

ânée, n.f., load of an ass.

anémie, n.f., (med.) anæmia.

anémique, adj., suffering from anæmia.

anémographie, n.f., anemography.

anémomètre, n.m., anemometer.

anémone, n.f., anemone, wind-flower.

anémoscope, n.m., anemoscope, weather-cock.

ânerie, n.f., gross ignorance; stupidity; gross blunder.

ânesse, n.f., she-ass. Lait d’—; ass’s milk.

anesthésie, n.f., (med.) anæsthesia.

anesthésique, adj., anæsthetic.

aneth, n.m., (bot.) dill.

anévrismal, -e, adj., aneurismal.

anévrisme, n.m., aneurism.

anfractueu-x, -se, adj., anfractuous, rugged, cragged, craggy.

anfractuosité, n.f., anfractuosity, winding, sinuosity, cavity.

☉angar, n.m. V. hangar.

ange, n.m., a spirit, angel; (artil.) chain-shot, cross-bar shot; angel-shot; (ich.) angel-fish, skate, squatina. — déchu; fallen angel. — tutélaire; guardian angel. Rire aux —s; to have a laughing fit. Être aux —s; to be in a transport of joy, in raptures. — bouffi; a chubby child. Lit d’—; tent bed.

angélique, adj., angelical, angelic.

angélique, n.f., angelica.

angéliquement (-lik-mān), adv., angelically.

angelot (anj-lo), n.m., angelot cheese.

angélus (ān-), n.m., (n.p.) (c.rel.) Angelus. Sonner l’—; to toll the angelus.

angine, n.f., (med.) angina, quinsy, sore throat. — couenneuse; diphtheria.

angineu-x, -se, adj., (med.) attended with angina.

angiographie, n.f., angiography.

angiologie, n.f., angiology.

angiosperme, adj., (bot.) angiospermous.

angiospermie, n.f., (bot.) angiosperm.

angiotomie, n.f., angiotomy.

anglais, -e, adj., English; British. Être poursuivi par des —; to be pestered by creditors.

anglais, n.m., English, Englishman.

anglaise, n.f., English girl, woman; upholsterer’s thread or silk lace. Elle porte des —s; she wears long, drooping curls.

anglaiser, v.a., to nick a horse’s tail.

angle, n.m., angle, corner, turning. — aigu; acute angle. — droit; right angle. — rectiligne; rectilinear angle. — rentrant, saillant; re-entrant, salient angle. À —s saillants; sharp-cornered. À — droit; rectangular. — facial; (anat.) facial angle.

anglet, n.m., (arch.) indenture, channel.

angleu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) imbedded in angular cavities. Une noix —se; a walnut difficult to pick out of its shell.

anglican, -e, adj., Anglican, English. L’Eglise —e; the Church of England.

anglican, n.m., -e, n.f., Anglican; member of the Church of England.

angliciser, v.a., to anglicize.

s’angliciser, v.r., to become anglicized, English.

anglicisme, n.m., anglicism.

anglomane, n. and adj., anglomaniac.

anglomanie, n.f., anglomania.

angoisse, n.f., anguish, pang; great distress, affliction, tribulation. Les —s de la mort; the pangs of death. Poire d’—; choke-pear, gag. Avaler des poires d’—; to go through hardships, to eat humble pie.

☉angola. V. angora.

angon, n.m., (antiq.) javelin; (fishing) shellfish hook.

angora, n.m., Angora-cat.

angora, adj., of Angora.

angousse, n.f., (bot.) hell-weed, dodder.

anguichure (-ghi-shur), n.f., huntsman’s horn-belt.

*anguillade (-ghi-), n.f., lash; (with a whip) lashing, cut; eel-skin, &c.

*anguille (-ghi-), n.f., eel; fly the garter (boy’s game); bilge-ways, launching-ways (square bed of timber placed under a vessel’s bilge to support her while launching). — de mer; conger. — plat-bec; grig. Ecorcher l’— par la queue; to begin a thing at the wrong end. Il y a quelque — sous roche; there is a snake in the grass, there is something in the wind.

angulaire, adj., angular, cornered. Pierre —; corner-stone.

angulé, -e, adj., angular, angulated.

anguleu-x, -se, adj., angulous; (bot.) angular.

angusticlave, n.m., (antiq.) angusticlave.

anhydre, adj., (chem.) anhydrous.

anicroche, n.f., obstacle; impediment, slight difficulty; screw loose.

anielles, n.f.pl., ram-stones.

âni-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., ass-driver.

anil, n.m., (bot.) anil. V. indigo.

aniline, n.f., aniline.

anille, n.f. V. annille.

animadversion, n.f., animadversion, reproof, reprimand, blame.

animal, n.m., animal, beast; brute, ass, booby, sot, dolt. Un ennuyeux —; a bore. Un vilain —; a nasty fellow.

animal, -e, adj., animal; sensual, carnal (in scriptural language). Règne —; the animal kingdom.

animalcule, n.m., animalcule.

animalisation, n.f., animalization.

s’animaliser, v.r., to become animalized.

animalité, n.f., animal life.

animation, n.f., animation, bustle, life, excitement, irritation.

animé, -e, part., animated, incensed; enlivened, spirited, gay, sprightly.

animé, n.f., a resin, anime.

☉animelles, n.f.pl., (cook.) lamb’s-fry.

animer, v.a., to animate, to give life; to quicken; to hearten, to stir up, to excite, to urge on, to embolden, to rouse; to provoke, to exasperate. — la conversation; to enliven the conversation. — le teint; to heighten, to give a glow to, the complexion. — les yeux, les regards; to give fire to the eyes, to give animation to the looks. — d’ardeur; to fill with ardor. — au combat; to excite to combat.

s’animer, v.r., to become animated, to spring into life; to be encouraged, to take courage, to cheer up; to chafe, to take fire, to grow warm, to be angry. La dispute s’anime; the dispute waxes hot.

animosité, n.f., animosity; ill-will, spite, rancor, spleen, animus. Il a de l’—, il est porté d’—, contre moi; he has, he is actuated by, a spite against me.

anis, n.m., anise; aniseed. — de Verdun; candied aniseed. — de la Chine or étoilé; Indian anise. Graine d’—; aniseed.

aniser, v.a., to flavor with aniseed, to mix with aniseed.

anisette, n.f., aniseed cordial.

ankylose, n.f., (med.) anchylosis, stiffness in the joints.

ankyloser, v.a., to produce anchylosis. S’—, v.r., to become anchylosed, stiff, cramped.

annal, -e (a-n-nal), adj., (jur.) that lasts but one year.

annales (a-n-nal), n.f.pl., annals, public records.

annaliste (a-n-na-), n.m., annalist.

annate, n.f., annats, first year’s income of a living; firstfruits.

anneau, n.m., ring; link (of a chain); bow (of a key); ringlet (of hair); (nav.) mooring-ring. L’— de Saturne; (astron.) Saturn’s ring. L’— pécheur; the Pope’s seal.

année, n.f., year, twelvemonth. — bissextile; leap-year. L’— qui vient, l’— prochaine; next year. D’— en —; from year to year. — lunaire, solaire; lunar, solar year. Une bonne —; a plentiful year, a happy new year. Ses belles —s; the prime of life. Cette terre vaut tant, — commune, moyenne; that land yields so much one year with another. Une — dans l’autre; one year with another. Payer à l’—; to pay by the year. Plein d’—s; full of years. Cette —; this year.

annelé, -e, adj., ring-streaked, having rings; in ringlets; annulated.

anneler, v.a., to curl the hair (locks or ringlets). — une cavale; to ring a mare.

annelet, n.m., ringlet, a small ring; (arch.) annulet.

annélides, n.m.pl., (zoöl.) annelides.

annelure, n.f., crisping of the hair.

annexation, n.f., annexation.

annexe (a-n-nèks), n.f., annex; appendant; schedule; rider; chapel of ease. — d’une terre; dependence of an estate.

annexer (a-n-nek-sé), v.a., to annex, to add to. S’—, v.r., to be annexed.

annexion (a-n-nek-sion), n.f., annexment, annexation.

annihilation (a-n-ni-), n.f., annihilation.

annihiler (a-n-ni-), v.a., to annihilate, to destroy.

annille, n.f., (her.) anille, fer de moline, millrind; (tech.) cramping-iron.

anniversaire, adj., anniversary.

anniversaire, n.m., anniversary. — de sa naissance; birthday.

annomination, n.f., annomination.

loi annonaire, adj., (antiq.) a Roman law to prevent the price of provisions from rising.

annonce, n.f., announcement, publication, notification, indication, sign, mark; advertisement; banns of matrimony. Faiseur d’—s; puffer. Faire insérer une —; to advertise. — de spectacle; play-bill.

annoncer, v.a., to announce, to tell, to declare, to inform, to proclaim, to bespeak, to advertise; to usher in; to publish, to give out, to preach, to set forth; to foretell, to forebode; to augur, to show, to promise. Faites vous —; send in your name. Cela ne nous annonce rien de bon; that bodes us no good.

s’annoncer, v.r., to present one’s self; to manifest itself; to make itself known. S’— bien; to be promising. S’— mal; not to be promising, to begin badly.

annonceur, n.m., the actor who gives out the next play, announcer.

annonciade, n.f., annunciade (name of several military and religious orders).

annonciation, n.f., Annunciation; Lady-day (March 25).

annotateur, n.m., annotator, editor (of a book).

annotation, n.f., annotation, editing; inventory of goods attached or distrained.

annoter (a-n-no-), v.a., to make an inventory of goods attached or distrained; to annotate; to edit.

annuaire (a-n-nu-èr), n.m., annual, almanac. — de la marine; nautical almanac.

annuel, n.m., (c.rel.) a mass celebrated every day for a year, for a deceased person.

annuel, -le (a-n-nu-èl), adj., annual, yearly.

annuellement (a-n-nu-èl-mān), adv., annually, yearly.

annuité (a-n-nu-), n.f., annuity.

annulable (a-n-nu-), adj., defeasible; reversible.

annulaire (a-n-nu-), adj., annulary. Le doigt —; the ring finger.

annulation, n.f., annulling, canceling, repeal, abolition; (jur.) abatement.

annuler, v.a., to annul, to make void, to repeal, to rescind, to cancel, to abolish, to set aside, to quash.

anobli, -e, part., newly raised to the peerage.

anobli, n.m., newly-created nobleman.

anoblir, v.a., to raise to the peerage.

anoblissement (-mān), n.m., ennoblement. Patente d’—; patent of nobility.

anodin, -e, adj., (med.) anodyne, paregoric, soothing, assuaging. Remèdes —s; anodynes.

anodonte, adj., toothless.

anomal, -e, adj., anomalous.

anomalie, n.f., anomaly.

anomalistique, adj., (astron.) anomalistical. Année —; anomalistical, periodical, year.

anomie, n.f., (conch.) anomia, bowl-shell, beaked-cockle.

ânon, n.m., ass’s foal, young ass.

ânonnement (-mān), n.m., stuttering, stammering; foaling.

ânonner, v.a.n., to falter, to stutter, blunder through a lesson, to stammer, to foal.

anonymat, n.m., the quality of being anonymous; anonymity.

anonyme, adj., anonymous, nameless; joint-stock.

anonyme, n.m.f., anonymous person. Garder l’—; to remain anonymous. Sous l’—; anonymously.

anorexie, n.f., (med.) anorexy.

anormal, adj., abnormal, irregular.

anse, n.f., handle (of a pot, basket, &c.); creek, little bay, cove. Qui a des —s; ansated. Faire danser l’— du panier; (of a servant), to make a market penny. L’— du panier vaut beaucoup à cette cuisinière; that cook makes a good deal by her perquisites. Faire le pot à deux —s; to set one’s arms a-kimbo. Faire le panier à deux —s; to walk with a lady on each arm.

anse. V. hanse.

anséatique, adj. V. hanséatique.

ansérine, n.f., (bot.) goose-foot.

anspect, n.m., (nav.) handspike.

antagonisme, n.m., antagonism.

antagoniste, n.m., antagonist, adversary; opponent; competitor, rival; (anat.) antagonist.

antagoniste, adj., antagonist, opponent.

☉antan, n.m., last year. Les neiges d’—; the snows of yester-year.

antanaclase, n.f., antanaclasis.

antarctique, adj., antarctic.

antarès (-èss), n.m., (astron.) Antares.

ante, n.f., (antiq. arch.) anta, pilaster, ante.

antécédemment (-da-mān), adv., antecedently, previously, before.

antécédent, n.m., antecedent; precedent; pl., previous conduct. Avoir de bons —s; to be known for a person of previous good character.

antécédent, adj., antecedent, preceding, foregoing, previous.

☉antécesseur, n.m., a professer of civil law.

antéchrist (-kri), n.m., antichrist.

antédiluvien, -ne (-in, -è-n-), adj., antediluvian.

antéfixe, n.f., (antiq. arch.) antefix.

antenne (-tè-n), n.f., (nav.) lateen sail-yard, yard-arm; (ent.) pl., horns, feelers.

antépénultième, adj., antepenultimate.

antépénultième, n.f., antepenult.

antérieur, -e, adj., anterior, going before, antecedent, prior, previous; former; frontal. La partie —e de la tête; the forepart of the head.

antérieurement (-mān), adv., previously, before.

antériorité, n.f., anteriority, priority, precedence.

antes, n.f.pl., (arch.) antæ, pilasters.

anthelminthique, adj., (med.) anthelmintic.

anthère, n.f., (bot.) anther, tip.

anthologie, n.f., anthology.

anthracite, n.m., anthracite; coal-stone, glance-coal, blind-coal.

anthrax (-traks), n.m., (med.) anthrax, carbuncle.

anthropographie, n.f., anthropography.

anthropologie, n.f., anthropology.

anthropologique, adj., anthropological.

anthropomorphe, adj., anthropomorphous.

anthropomorphisme, n.m., anthropomorphism.

anthropomorphite, n.m., anthropomorphite.

anthropophage, adj., anthropophagous.

anthropophage, n.m.f., anthropophagus, cannibal, man-eater.

anthropophagie, n.f., anthropophagy, cannibalism.

anthyllide, n.f., (bot.) kidney-vetch, Jupiter’s beard.

anti (prefix from Greek ἀντὶ), anti, against, opposite, contrary; (prefix from Latin ante) before.

antiapoplectique, adj., antapoplectic, antiapoplectic.

antibiblique, adj., unscriptural.

antibilieu-x, -se, adj., antibilious.

antichambre, n.f., antechamber, anteroom, lobby, hall. Propos d’—; servant’s gossip. Faire —; to dance attendance.

antichrèse (-krèz), n.f., (jur.) pledge; mortgage.

antichrétien, -ne (-ti-in, -ti-è-n-), adj., antichristian.

antichristianisme, n.m., antichristianity, antichristianism.

anticipation, n.f., anticipation, forestalling; encroachment, invasion. Par —; anticipatory, beforehand.

anticipé, -e, part. adj., anticipated. Joie —e; foretaste of joy. Connaissance —e; foreknowledge. Une vieillesse —e; a premature old age.

anticiper, v.a., to anticipate, to take up beforehand or before the time, to forestall. — sur les droits de quelqu’un; to encroach upon another’s rights. — sur ses revenus; to spend one’s income beforehand, or to draw upon.

anticœur, n.m., anticor (inflammation in a horse’s throat).

antidartreu-x, -se, adj., (med.) antiherpetic.

antidate, n.f., antedate, antedating.

antidater, v.a., to antedate.

antidotaire, n.m., antidotarium (a book containing a collection of antidotes).

antidote, n.m., antidote, counter-poison.

antienne (-ti-è-n), n.f., anthem. Annoncer une mauvaise —; to bring bad news. Chanter toujours la même —; to harp upon the same string. Pousser l’— à quelqu’un; to state one’s wishes, one’s opinion; to give a broad hint.

antiépileptique, adj., antiepileptic.

antiépiscopal, -e, adj., antiepiscopal.

antiévangélique, adj., antievangelical.

antifébrile, n.m., antifebrile.

antigorium (-riom), n.m., coarse enamel, glazing.

antigoutteu-x, -se, adj., (med.) antarthritic.

antilaiteu-x, -se, adj. and n.m., antilactic, lactifuge.

antilogie, n.f., antilogy.

antiloïmique, adj., (med.) antiloimic.

antilope, n.f., antelope, gazelle.

antimoine, n.m., antimony.

antimonarchique, adj., antimonarchical.

antimonial, -e, adj., antimonial.

antimonial, n.m., antimonial.

antimonié, -e, adj., antimonial.

antinational, -e, adj., antinational.

antinomie, n.f., antinomy, contradiction.

antipape, n.m., antipope.

antiparalytique, n.m., antiparalytic.

antipathie, n.f., antipathy, repugnance.

antipathique, adj., antipathetical, repugnant.

antipéristaltique, adj., antiperistaltic.

antipéristase, n.f., antiperistasis.

antipestilentiel, -le, adj., antipestilential.

antiphilosophique, adj., antiphilosophical.

☉antiphilogistique, adj., antiphilogistic.

antiphone, n.m., antiphon.

antiphonier or antiphonaire, n.m., antiphonary.

antiphrase, n.f., antiphrasis, irony.

☉antipodal, -e, adj., antipodal, antipodean.

antipode, n.m., antipode.

antipsorique, adj., antipsoric (against the itch).

antipsorique, n.m., antipsoric.

antiptose, n.f., (gram.) antiptosis.

antiputride, adj., antiseptic.

*antiquaille, n.f., old piece of antiquity; old stuff; old rubbish; an old coquette. Ce n’est qu’une —; she is but an antiquated coquette.

antiquaire, n.m., antiquary.

antique, adj., antique, ancient, old.

antique, n.f., antique, antiquities, ancient works, of art. À l’—, adv., in the old style. Dessiner d’après —; to draw from antique models.

antiquer, v.a., (book-bind.) to adorn the edges of books with little figures, &c.

antiquité, n.f., antiquity, ancientness, old times; piece of antiquity. Les héros de l’—; the heroes of former ages. De toute —, adv., from the remotest times.

antiscien (-si-īn), n.m., (geog.) antiscian.

antiscorbutique, adj. and n.m., antiscorbutic.

antiseptique, n.m., (med.) antiseptic.

antisocial, -e, adj., anti-social.

antispase, n.f., (med.) antispasis.

antispasmodique, n.m., antispasmodic.

antispaste, n.m., antispast.

antispastique, adj., antispastic.

antistrophe, n.f., antistrophe.

antisyphilitique, adj., antisyphilitic.

antithèse, n.f., antithesis.

antithétique, adj., antithetic.

antitrinitaire, n.m., antitrinitarian, unitarian.

☉antitype, n.m., antitype, symbol.

antivénérien, -ne, (-in, -è-n), adj., antivenereal.

antoiser, v.a., to heap up, to manure, to make a dunghill.

antonomase, n.f., antonomasia.

antre, n.m., cave, den, natural grotto, cavern, lair.

anuer, v.a., to aim, to take aim at.

s’anuiter, v.r., to be benighted, to stay till it is night, or too late (on the road).

anus, n.m., (anat., bot.) anus, fundament.

anvole, n.m., slow-worm, blind-worm.

anxiété (ank-si-), n.f., anxiety, sorrow, anguish, uneasiness.

anxieu-x, -se (ank-si-), adj., anxious, uneasy, restless.

anxieusement, adv., anxiously.

aoriste (-o-rist), n.m., (gram.) aorist.

aorte, n.f., (anat.) aorta.

aortique, adj., aortal.

août (oû), n.m., August. La mi-août; the middle of August. Faire l’—; to harvest, to get in the corn.

aoûté, -e, adj., ripened by the heat of August.

s’aoûter (a-ou-té), v.r., to ripen (in August).

aoûteron (ou-tron), n.m., (l.u.) reaper, harvester.

a.p., (com.) abbreviation of the words à protester; to be protested.

apagogie, n.f., apagogy.

apaisement, n.m., appeasement, lull, abatement.

apaiser, v.a., to appease, to soothe, to pacify, to calm, to quiet, to alleviate; to assuage, to allay, to quench, to mitigate, to lull. — un enfant qui crie; to quiet a crying child. — une révolte; to put down a rebellion. — les flots; to calm the waves.

s’apaiser, v.r., to be appeased, stilled, assuaged, &c.; to allay one’s passion, to grow quiet, calm; to abate, subside. Sa colère s’est apaisée; his anger is appeased. L’orage s’est apaisé; the storm has subsided. Le vent s’est apaisé; the wind has abated.

apalachine, n.f., (bot.) emetic holly.

apalanche, n.f., (bot.) winter-berry.

apanage, n.m., appanage; lot. Les infirmités sont l’— de la nature humaine; infirmities are the lot of human nature.

apanager, v.a., to settle an appanage upon any one, to endow.

apanagiste, adj., having an appanage.

apanagiste, n.m., one who has an appanage.

apanthropie, n.f., apanthropy.

à part. V. part.

aparté, n.m., words spoken aside; separate group in an assembly. En —, adv., aside.

apathie, n.f., apathy, indolence, listlessness.

apathique, adj., apathetic, listless.

apepsie, n.f., (med.) bad digestion, apepsy.

apercevable, adj., perceivable, perceptible.

apercevance, n.f., perception.

apercevoir, v.a., to perceive, to discover, to discern, to descry, to notice; to remark, to observe.

s’apercevoir, v.r., to perceive, to remark; to see, to be aware of; to find out, to discover; to take notice, to be visible. Ne pas s’—; to overlook, not to notice.

aperçu, n.m., sketch, rapid view, glance, survey, sketch, vista; idea, hint; estimate at first sight, rough estimate. En —, adv., summarily. Par —, adv., at a rough guess.

apériti-f, -ve, adj., aperient, opening, appetizing. — n.m., appetizer, bitters.

apétale, adj., (bot.) apetalous.

apetissement, &c. V. rapetissement, &c.

apetisser. V. rapetisser.

à peu près, n.m., approximation, approach, approaching.

aphélie, n.m., (astron.) aphelion.

aphérèse, n.f., (gram.) apheresis.

aphone, adj., suffering from aphonia, voiceless.

aphonie, n.f., aphony, loss of speech.

aphorisme, n.m., aphorism.

aphoristique, adj., aphoristic.

aphrodisiaque, adj., aphrodisiacal.

aphrodisiasme, n.m., (med.) aphrodisia.

aphrodite, n.m., aphrodita, sea-mouse.

aphte, n.m., vesicle in the mouth; pl., thrush, aphthæ.

aphylle, adj., (bot.) aphyllous, leafless.

api, n.m., small red apple. Avoir un visage de pomme d’—; (prov.) to have cheeks like rosy apples.

à pic, adv., perpendicularly; (nav.) apeak. L’ancre est —; the anchor is apeak. Virer —; to heave short.

apicole, adj., apicultural.

apiculteur, n.m., bee-master.

apiculture, n.f., bee-culture, bee-keeping.

apiquer, v.a., (nav.) to top, to peak (a yard).

apitoyer, v.a., to move one to pity, to soften.

s’apitoyer, v.r., to be moved to pity. Elle s’est apitoyée sur votre sort; she pitied, bewailed your fate.

aplani, -e, adj., level, flat, smooth, even.

aplanir, v.a., to smooth, to level, to make even, smooth, to unrumple; to plane; to make easy, to remove, to clear up. — le chemin; to level the road. — les difficultés; to clear up difficulties.

s’aplanir, v.r., to grow easy, smooth, flat, &c.

aplanissement (-mān), n.m., smoothing, leveling, making even; smoothness, evenness.

aplatir, v.a., to flatten, to make, strike flat, to flat, to silence, to shut up, to floor, to beat hollow.

s’aplatir, v.r., to become flat, to be flattened, to crouch, to cringe.

aplatissement (-mān), n.m., flattening, making flat, flatness; depression; silencing.

aplatisseur, n.m., (tech.) flatter.

aplatissoire, n.f., flatting rollers (tool).

aplet, n.m., herring-net, drift-net.

aplomb, n.m., equilibrium, perpendicularity, plumb; assurance, self-command, self-possession, steadiness, coolness. Ce mur tient bien son —; this wall keeps plumb very well.

d’aplomb, adv., perpendicularly, plumb. Cette ligne tombe d’—; that line falls plumb. Être d’—; to stand plumb, upright. Être hors d’—; to be out of the perpendicular.

aplysie, n.f., sea-hare.

apocalypse, n.f., Apocalypse, revelation; obscure thing. C’est un vrai style d’—; it is a perfectly obscure style. Cheval d’—; (prov. and pop.) sorry jade.

apocalyptique, adj., apocalyptical.

apoco, n.m., fool, ninny, nobody.

apocope, n.f., (gram.) apocope, elision, suppression of a letter (as in Grand’mère).

apocrisiaire, n.m., nuncio, apocrisiary.

apocryphe, adj., apocryphal, doubtful.

apocyn, n.m., (bot.) apocynum, apocynom. — gobe-mouches; dog-bane.

apode, adj., apodal, having no feet, footless.

apode, n.m., apode.

apodictique, adj., apodictical, evident.

apogée, n.m., apogee, acme, height, zenith.

apogée, adj., at its apogee. La lune est —; the moon is at her apogee.

apographe, n.m., apograph, transcript, copy.

apologétique, adj., by way of apology, apologetical, exculpatory.

apologétique, n.m., Tertullian’s treatise in defense of the early Christians; n.f., apologetics.

apologie, n.f., apology, vindication, excuse, justification. Faire son —; to apologize for.

apologiste, n.m., apologist.

apologue (-log), n.m., apologue.

aponévrose, n.f., (anat.) aponeurosis.

aponévrotique, adj., (anat.) aponeurotic.

apophlegmatique, adj., n.m., (med.) apophlegmatic.

apophtegme, n.m., apophthegm, apothegm.

apophyge, n.f., (arch.) apophyge, scape, the spring of a column.

apophyse, n.f., (anat.) process (of a bone), apophysis.

apoplectique, adj., apoplectical; apoplectic.

apoplectique, n.m., apoplectic.

apoplexie, n.f., apoplexy. — foudroyante; instantaneously fatal apoplexy. — congestive; serous apoplexy. Attaque d’—; apoplectic stroke. Être attaqué, frappé, d’—; to be struck down with apoplexy. Tomber en —; to fall down in a fit of apoplexy.

apostasie, n.f., apostasy.

apostasier, v.n., to apostatize.

apostat, adj., apostate.

apostat, n.m., apostate.

☉apostème, n.m., aposteme. V. apostume.

aposter, v.a., (b.s.) to secrete, to place in ambush, to station, to set to watch, to place in readiness (witnesses, assassins).

à posteriori, adv., a posteriori.

☉*apostillateur, n.m., (jur.), annotator, commentator.

*apostille, n.f., marginal note, postscript, footnote; recommendatory note (to urge or back a petition).

*apostiller, v.a., to write notes; to add a postscript to; to write a recommendation on a petition. Il a apostillé ma pétition; he has backed my petition with his recommendation.

apostolat, n.m., apostleship.

apostolique, adj., apostolic; papal; apostolical. Nonce —; the pope’s nuncio.

apostoliquement (-mān), adv., apostolically.

apostrophe, n.f., apostrophe; address; reproach, insult, attack.

apostropher, v.a., to apostrophize, to address, to fall foul of, to fly at.

☉apostume, n.m., (med.) aposteme, apostema, abscess.

☉apostumer, v.n., (med.) to apostemate.

apothéose, n.f., apotheosis, deification.

apothicaire, n.m., (l.u.), apothecary. Faire de son corps une boutique d’—; to be always physicking one’s self. Un mémoire d’—; an exorbitant bill.

apothicairerie (-kèr-rî), n.f. (l.u.), pharmacy; apothecary’s shop; dispensary.

apothicairesse, n.f., (in nunneries) dispenser.

apôtre, n.m., apostle; hypocrite. Faire le bon —; to play the saint; to put on a sanctified look.

apozème, n.m., (med.) apozem, decoction.

apparaître, v.n., to come, to be in sight, to appear suddenly. (jurisp.) S’il apparaît à la cour; if the court thinks so. Faire — de son pouvoir; to produce proofs of one’s power.

apparat, n.m., pomp, state, show; ostentation, affectation, parade; index, vocabulary, syllabus. Un discours d’—; a set speech.

apparaux, n.m.pl., (nav.) the sails, the rigging, the tackle, yards, guns, &c., of a ship.

*appareil, n.m., formal preparation, pomp, show, display, solemnity, magnificence; train, equipage, attendance; apparatus; (surg.) dressing (of wounds); (arch.) dressing; (nav.) gear. — de guerre; warlike preparations. Mettre le premier —; to give a wound its first dressing. Lever l’—; to take off the dressing. Une assise de haut —; a layer of large stones; (phot.) camera; — instantané, snapshot camera.

*appareillage, n.m., (nav.) act of getting under sail, under way.

*appareillement, n.m., yoking, pairing, matching. L’— des bœufs; the yoking of oxen.

*appareiller, v.a., to match; (arch.) to dress.

*s’appareiller, v.r., to join one’s self to; to pair.

*appareiller, v.n., (nav.) to weigh anchor, to get under way.

*appareilleur, n.m., (mas.) dresser, trimmer (of stones); draughtsman.

*appareilleuse, n.f., procuress.

apparemment (-ra-mān), adv., apparently.

apparence, n.f., appearance, outside show, seeming; likelihood, probability; sign, semblance. En —; seemingly, apparently, outwardly. Pour les —s; for show. Avoir une belle —; to look well. Selon toute —; in all probability; to all appearances. Sauver les —s; to save appearances.

apparent, -e, adj., apparent, plain, obvious, manifest, evident; remarkable, chief, eminent, considerable.

apparenté, -e, adj., related, descended, connected. Il est bien —; he is well descended. Il est mal —; he is of mean descent.

apparenter, v.a., (l.u.) to ally, to connect by marriage.

s’apparenter, v.r., to ally one’s self (by marriage).

appariement, or apparîment, n.m., pairing, matching; coupling, mating.

apparier, v.a., to pair, to sort, to match; to match horses, gloves.

s’apparier, v.r., to couple, to pair.

appariteur, n.m., apparitor, assistant, bedel (in universities); beadle.

apparition, n.f., apparition, appearance, appearing. — d’anges; a vision of angels.

apparoir, v.n., to appear, to be evident. Comme il appert; as it appears.

appartement, n.m., apartments, suite of rooms, lodgings, flat. Pièce d’un —; room, apartment.

appartenance, n.f., appurtenance.

appartenant, -e, adj., belonging, appertaining.

appartenir, v.n., to belong, to appertain; to relate, to concern; to behove, to be incident, to be related, to be given to.

s’appartenir, v.r., to be master of one’s own actions, to be free.

il appartient (-ti-in), v.imp., it becomes; it is meet, fit; it is the duty, business of. Ainsi qu’il appartiendra; as they shall see fit. À tous ceux qu’il appartiendra; to all whom it may concern.

appas, n.m.pl., charms, attractions; allurements.

appât, n.m., bait; allurement, enticement. C’est trop vieux poisson pour mordre à l’—; he is too old a bird to be caught with chaff.

appâter, v.a., to bait, to allure; to feed (an infant or an invalid).

appaumé, adj., (her.) apaumé.

appauvrir, v.a., to impoverish; to make poor, to beggar.

s’appauvrir, v.r., to grow poor, to become impoverished, to be beggared.

appauvrissement (-mān), n.m., impoverishment.

appeau, n.m., bird-call; decoy-bird; (horol.) quarter-bell, half-bell.

appel, n.m., appeal, appealing; calling over; levy (recruiting); call (on shareholders); roll-call, muster; ruffle (of a drum); (jur.) call. Acte d’—; writ of appeal. — nominal; (parliament) call of the House. Officier d’—; muster-master. Interjeter —; to lodge an appeal. Faire l’—; to call over the names, the muster-roll. Manquer à l’—; to be absent from roll-call. Passer l’—; to pass muster. Répondre à l’—; to answer to one’s name. Battre l’—; to call to arms. Faire un — de fonds; to call in one’s funds.

appelant, -e (-lān, -t), n.m.f., (jur.) appellant; (ornith.) decoy-bird.

appelé, -e, part., called. Beaucoup d’—s et peu d’élus; many are called, but few are chosen.

appeler, v.a., to call, to name, to appeal; to chuck (of cocks); to term; to call over; to give a call, to call to; to invoke; to send for; to invite; to summon; to call for, to call on (cause); to challenge. Comment appelez-vous cela? what do you call that? — et rappeler; to call over and over, again and again. — en duel; to call out. — un médecin; to call in a physician. Faire —; to send for. — les choses par leur nom; to call a spade a spade. Voilà ce que j’appelle pleuvoir; that is rain with a vengeance.

appeler, v.n., to appeal, to chuck (of cocks); to caterwaul (of cats). En —; (jur.) to appeal. J’en appelle à votre honneur; I appeal to your honor.

s’appeler, v.r., to be called, to call, to style one’s self. Comment s’appelle cet homme-là? what is that man’s name? Je m’appelle; my name is.

appellatif (-pèl-la-), adj., (gram.) appellative.

appellation (-pèl-la-), n.f., appealing, calling, naming, appellation.

appendice (-pin-), n.m., appendix, appendage, addition; process (natural sciences).

appendre, v.a., to hang up.

appentis, n.m., shed, penthouse.

il appert, v.imp. V. apparoir.

☉appertement, adv., openly.

appesantir, v.a., to make heavy, to weigh down; to impair, to dull, to make dull.

s’appesantir, v.r., to grow heavy and dull, to be weighed down, to lie heavy; to dwell upon, expatiate on.

appesantissement (-mān), n.m., heaviness, dulness.

appétence (ap-pé-), n.f., appetence, appetency.

appéter, v.a., to desire, to crave for, to covet.

appétibilité, n.f., appetibility, desire.

appétible, adj., appetible, desirable.

appétissant, -e, adj., relishing, appetizing, tempting; delicious, desirable.

appétit, n.m., appetite, relish, desire, longing; inclination, taste; stomach. De bon —; heartily. — de cheval; ravenous appetite. Bon —! I wish you a good appetite. Avoir de l’—; to have an appetite. Être sans —; to have no appetite. L’— vient en mangeant; the more one has, the more one wishes to have. Il n’est chère que d’—; hunger is the best sauce. Rester sur son —; to check one’s appetite, inclination. — de femme grosse; depraved appetite, longing. Pain dérobé réveille —; stolen joys are sweet.

appétiti-f, -ve, adj., appetitive.

appétition, n.f., appetition, desire for.

applaudir, v.n.a., to applaud, to clap, to clap the hands, to cheer; to praise, to commend, to approve. — un acteur; to applaud an actor. Je vous applaudis de vous être conduit si prudemment; I commend you for having acted so prudently. Applaudi de tout le monde; applauded by everybody.

s’applaudir, v.r., to applaud one’s self for, to glory in (a thing); to congratulate one’s self (on), to rejoice (in or at). Il s’applaudit lui-même; he admires himself.

applaudissement (-mān), n.m., applause, public praise, commendation; plaudits, cheering. Salve d’—s; round of applause, of cheering.

applaudisseur, n.m., (b.s.) applauder.

applicable, adj., applicable, apposite, relevant, suitable.

application, n.f., application, employment (of a sum of money); attention, care, diligence, sedulousness; (gold.) charging; appliqué lace. Avec —; sedulously. Sans — déterminée; unappropriated. D’—; practical, feasible. — d’Angleterre; Honiton lace. Bras d’—; bracket.

applique, n.f., (gold.) charging.

appliqué, -e, adj., intent, sedulous, studious, diligent, attentive.

appliquer, v.a., to apply, to stick; to award (judgment); to employ (money); to put, to set, to affix, to bring close; to adapt, to fit; to apply to, to appropriate; to bestow on, to hit, to strike. — des ventouses; to cup. — mal à propos; to misapply.

s’appliquer, v.r., to apply a thing to one’s self, to take it for one’s self; to apply one’s self, to fall to, to set to, to take to, to labor at, to make it one’s study; to stick to.

appoint, n.m., change, odd money, premium; appoint. Net —; appoint. Par net —; per appoint. Faire l’—; to pay the difference. D’—; odd.

appointements (-mān), n.m.pl., salary, stipend.

appointer, v.a., to put, to give a salary to; to punish (in the army); to sew strips of cloth, to stitch (as a mattress, cloth); (juris.) to refer, have a referee. Commis appointé; salaried clerk.

appointer, v.a., to point, sharpen to a point.

☉appointeur, n.m., (juris.) referee.

appontement, n.m., temporary wooden bridge; (nav.) gang-way, ladder.

apport, n.m., material brought, quantity brought, documents deposited; personal property; share; contribution.

apporter, v.a., to bring; to bring forward; to cause, to bring to bear upon, to procure, to occasion; to use, to cite, to quote, to allege; to adduce, to produce. — des difficultés; to raise difficulties. — de la précaution; to use precaution. — de bonnes raisons; to adduce good reasons. — des soins à; to bestow care upon.

apportionner, v.a., to apportion.

apposer, v.a., to set, to put, to insert, to affix.

apposition, n.f., setting, putting, inserting; affixing; accretion; (gram.) apposition. Faire l’— des scellés; to affix the seals.

appréciable, adj., appreciable, perceptible.

appréciat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., valuer, appraiser, rater.

appréciati-f, -ve, adj., denoting the value of. Etat, devis —; estimate.

appréciation, n.f., appreciation, apprizement, rating, valuation, estimation.

apprécier, v.a., to value, to rate, to estimate, to judge; to appreciate, to esteem.

appréhender, v.a., to apprehend, to be apprehensive of, to fear; to arrest, to take up. — au corps; to arrest.

appréhensible, adj., apprehensible.

appréhensi-f, -ve, adj., timid.

appréhension, n.f., apprehension; fear, dread. Avoir des —s; to be under apprehension.

apprendre, v.a., to learn, to be informed of; to hear of; to teach; to train; to tell, to inform of, to advise, to let know. — par cœur; to learn by heart. — des nouvelles; to hear news. Je l’ai appris de bonne part; I have it from good authority. Il m’a appris l’algèbre; he taught me algebra. Faire — un métier à un enfant; to put a child to a trade. Je lui apprendrai qui je suis; I will let him know who I am. Les malheurs s’apprennent vite; ill news flies fast.

apprenti, n.m., -e, n.f., apprentice; novice, tyro. Obliger un —; to bind an apprentice.

apprenti, -e, adj., apprenticed, articled.

apprentissage, n.m., apprenticeship, trial, experiment. Être en —; to be an apprentice. Faire son —; to serve one’s apprenticeship. Mettre en —; to apprentice, to article. Brevet d’—; apprentice’s indentures. Sortir d’—; to finish one’s time.

apprêt, n.m., preparation, preparative; cooking, (manu.) dressing; painting on glass; stiffness, affectation. Faire de grands —s; to make great preparations. Sans —; unstudied (of style).

apprêtage, n.m., (manu.) dressing; finishing.

apprêté, -e, part., prepared, dressed; studied. Des manières apprêtées; affected manners.

apprêter, v.a., to prepare, to get ready; to cook; (manu.) to dress; to afford matter for. — un chapeau; to dress a hat. — à dîner; to prepare dinner. — à rire; to afford matter for laughter.

s’apprêter, v.r., to prepare one’s self, to make one’s self ready, to dress; to be in course of preparation, to be brewing.

☉apprêteur, n.m., painter upon glass.

apprêteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., (manu.) dresser.

appris, -e, part., learned, taught. Bien —; well-bred. Mal —; ill-bred. Un mal —; an ill-bred or an unmannerly fellow.

apprivoisement (-voaz-mān), n.m., taming.

apprivoiser, v.a., to tame (animals); to make sociable, tractable, (persons); (hunt.) to reclaim.

s’apprivoiser, v.r., to be tamed, to grow tame (of animals); to become sociable, to lose one’s shyness (of persons).

approbat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., approver, applauder.

approbat-eur, -rice, adj., approving, commending.

approbati-f, -ve, adj., approving. Geste —; nod of approbation.

approbation, n.f., approbation, consent; approval. Incliner la tête en signe d’—; to nod assent, approval.

approbativement (-mān), adv., approvingly, with approbation.

approchant, -e, adj., (fam.) something like; like, bordering upon, approximate; near allied, near akin.

approchant, prep., (l.u., fam.) near, about. Il a reçu dix mille francs —; he received about ten thousand francs.

approche, n.f., approach, access; coming, advance; (print.) space, closing up. Lunette d’—; spy-glass. Greffe en —; graft by approach.

approcher, v.a., to bring, put, or draw near; to bring, put, or draw close; to have access (to any one). Approchez la table du feu; draw the table near the fire.

approcher, v.n., to approach, to draw nigh or near, to come near, to be easy of access; to be something like. Il me fit — de lui; he made me come near him. — du but; to come near the mark. Ceci n’en approche pas; this does not come near it.

s’approcher, v.r., to approach, to draw near, to come near, to advance. Approchez-vous du feu; draw near the fire.

approfondi, -e, adj., deep, profound; thorough, reasoned out.

approfondir, v.a., to deepen, to make deeper; to examine thoroughly; to search, dive into, to fathom. — une question; to sift, to fathom a question.

approfondissement, n.m., deepening, sinking lower; fathoming.

appropriation, n.f., appropriation, assimilation; (jur.) conversion.

approprier, v.a., to appropriate, to accommodate, to adapt, to fit, to suit; to clean, to make neat, to tidy. — une chambre; to make a room tidy. — son langage aux circonstances; to adapt one’s language to circumstances.

s’approprier, v.r., to appropriate a thing to one’s self, to convert to one’s own use.

approuver, v.a., to approve, to approve of, to sanction, to consent to; to ratify, to authorize; to pass (accounts).

approvisionnement (-zio-n-mān), n.m., victualing; supply of provisions, stock. Vaisseau d’—; (nav.) victualing ship.

approvisionner, v.a., to supply with necessaries; to victual, to cater for, to stock.

s’approvisionner, v.r., to supply one’s self; to lay in, take in supplies.

approvisionneur, n.m., victualer, provider, caterer, purveyor.

approximati-f, -ve, adj., approximative.

approximation, n.f., approximation, rough guess. Détermination par —; (math.) approximation.

approximativement (-mān) adv., approximatively.

☉approximer, v.a., to approximate.

appui, n.m., prop, stay, support, rest; help, protection; buttress, rail, hand-rail, sill (of windows); rail (of stairs); (man.) appui; (mec.) fulcrum. À hauteur d’—; breast-high. Point d’—; point of support, prop, fulcrum, base. A l’— de; in support of, in confirmation of. Sans —; unsupported, friendless. Il est l’— des malheureux; he is the support of the unfortunate. Ce cheval a l’— bon; that horse is soft-mouthed. Aller à l’— de; to support (a proposal).

appui-main, n.m., (—s-—) painter’s maul-stick, hand-rest.

appui-queue, n.m., rest (at billiards), jigger.

appuyer, v.a., to prop up, to stay, to support, to second; to hold up, to sustain; to set upon; to lean upon; to ground, to found; to back, to stand by; to favor, to countenance; to protect; to enforce, to strengthen. — une maison contre un coteau; to build a house against a hill. — le coude sur la table; to lean one’s elbow upon the table. Son droit est appuyé sur de bons titres; his claim is founded on just grounds. Il m’a promis d’— mon placet; he has promised to back my petition. — les chiens; to urge on the hounds.

appuyer, v.n., to bear upon, to lean; to rest; to lay a stress on; to dwell upon; to insist upon, to urge. — sur un mot; to lay a stress on a word. — sur un passage; to dwell upon a passage. — sur la droite, la gauche, or à droite, à gauche; to bear to the right, the left. Ce cheval appuie sur le mors; that horse hangs on the bit.

s’appuyer, v.r., to lean, to lean upon; to lie, to rest, to recline upon; to confide in, to rely upon, to depend upon, to trust to; to lay a stress on, to dwell upon. Appuyez-vous sur moi; lean upon me. — sur un roseau; (fig.) to trust to a broken reed.

âpre, adj., rough, harsh; tart, sharp; hard, rugged, uneven; biting, cutting, bitter; severe; crabbed, peevish; violent, greedy, eager. Chemin — et raboteux; rough, rugged way. — au gain; greedy of gain. — au jeu; eager for play (a born gambler). — à se venger; eager for revenge. — à la curée; eager for prey (of animals); greedy of gain (of persons).

aprèle, n.f., (bot.) horse-tail.

âprement, adv., harshly, sharply, roughly, rigorously; severely; peevishly, crabbedly; gruffly; violently, eagerly, greedily.

après, prep., after, next to; about; next. Sa maison vient — la vôtre; his house is next to yours. Il est toujours — moi; he is always after me, always teasing, persecuting, scolding me. Être — quelque chose; to be in pursuit of something. On est —; it is being done. Soupirer — quelque chose; to long for anything. Ne pas attendre — quelqu’un; not to need, to be able to do without any one. — lui, il faut tirer l’échelle; no one can come after him. — coup; too late. Crier — quelqu’un; to scold anybody. Tout le monde crie — lui; everybody cries out against him. Ci —; hereafter, in the sequel. — quoi; after which. D’—; after, from, according to, following. Peindre d’— nature; to paint from nature. — tout; after all. Jeter le manche — la cognée; to throw the helve after the hatchet (or to give up in despair).

après, adv., afterwards, after; go on; what next, what then? Vous arrivâtes malade; —? you say you were ill after you arrived; and what then?

après que, conj., after, when. — — vous aurez fait; after you have done. — — je l’eus vu; when I had seen him.

après-demain, adv., the day after to-morrow.

☉après-dînée, n.f., (—-—s) après-dîné, n.m., (—-—s) after dinner, afternoon.

après-dîner, n.m., (—-—s) after dinner, afternoon.

après-midi, n.m.f., (—) afternoon.

☉après-soupée, n.f., (—-—s) après-soupé, n.m., (—-—s) between supper and bedtime; evening.

après-souper, n.m., (—-—s) between supper and bedtime, evening.

âpreté, n.f., harshness, tartness, sharpness; roughness, ruggedness; acrimony, asperity; violence, fierceness, severity; eagerness; greediness. — à l’argent; lust of gold.

à priori. V. priori.

à propos, adj., adv.; à-propos, n.m. V. propos.

apside, n.f., (apsides, apses) (astron.) apsis.

apte, adj., apt, fit, proper, qualified.

aptère, n.m., apter.

aptère, adj., apteral, apterous.

aptitude, n.f., aptitude, aptness, qualification, disposition; readiness, inclination, taste.

apurement (-mān), n.m., auditing, closing (of accounts).

apurer, v.a., to audit (accounts).

apyre, adj., apyrous, incombustible, fire-proof.

apyrexie, n.f., (med.) apyrexy.

aquarelle (-koua-), n.f., painting in water-colors, aquarelle, water-color drawing.

aquarelliste, n.m., painter in water-colors.

aquarium, n.m., (—s) aquarium.

aqua-tinta (—), or aquatinte (-koua-), (—s) n.f., aquatinta, aquatint.

aquatique (-koua-), adj., aquatic, watery.

aqueduc, n.m., water-pipe, aqueduct, conduit, duct. Petit —; culvert.

aqueu-x, -se, adj., aqueous, watery, waterish.

aquilin, adj., aquiline, curving, hooked, prominent, Roman.

aquilon, n.m., north-wind, northerly wind, cold blast, storm, tempest.

☉aquilonaire, adj., northern, boreal.

aquosité (-kouo-), n.f., aqueousness, wateriness.

ara, n.m., (orni.) macaw.

arabe, n.m., Arabian (person); miser, screw, dun, usurer; Arabic (language).

arabe, adj., Arabic, Arabian.

arabesque, adj., arabesque.

arabesque, n.f., arabesque.

arabique, adj., Arabian, Arabic.

arable, adj., arable, tillable.

arachide, n.f., earth-nut.

arachnide (-rak-), n.m., arachnidan.

arachnoïde (-rak-no-id), n.f., (anat.) arachnoid, arachnoid membrane.

arachnoïde, adj., (anat.) arachnoid; cobwebbed.

arack or rack, n.m., a spirituous liquor; arrack.

araignée, n.f., spider; (mining) araignee, arraign; (nav.) crow-foot. Toile d’—; cobweb, spider-work. — de mer; crab. Pattes d’—; spider’s legs, scrawling handwriting. Oter les —s; to sweep the cobwebs away. J’en ai horreur comme d’une —; (fam.) I hate it as I do sin. Avoir une — dans le plafond; to have a bee in one’s bonnet.

araméen, -ne, adj., aramean.

aramer, v.a., to stretch cloth upon tenters, to tenter.

aranéeu-x, -se, adj., cobwebbed.

arase, n.f. Pierres d’—; leveling course (mas.).

arasement (-mān), n.m., leveling, making even.

araser, v.a., to level (a wall, a building, &c.); to make even.

arases, n.f.pl., leveling course (mas.).

aratoire, adj., aratory, farming. Instruments —s; implements of husbandry.

arbalète, n.f., arbalist, cross-bow, dormouse-trap. — à jalet; a stone-bow. Attelage en —; unicorn team.

☉arbalèter, v.a., (arch.) to stay, to bear or shore up with pieces of timber.

arbalétrier, n.m., cross-bowman, archer. —s; principal rafters (carp.); (orni.) swift (Cypselus apus).

arbitrage, n.m., arbitrage, arbitration, arbitrament, umpirage.

arbitraire, adj., arbitrary, optional, despotic, discretional.

arbitrairement (-mān), adv., arbitrarily, despotically.

arbitral, -e, adj., by arbitration.

arbitralement (-mān), adv., by arbitration.

arbitrateur, n.m., arbitrator, arbiter.

arbitration, n.f., decision, award.

arbitre, n.m., will; arbiter, arbitrator, umpire, referee; master, sovereign disposer. Libre, franc —; free will. Tiers —; umpire.

arbitrer, v.a., to arbitrate, to decree, to regulate, to award, to judge, to settle.

arbois, n.m., laburnum.

arboré, -e, adj., (bot.) arboreous; (of flags) hoisted.

arborer, v.a., to put up, to hoist; to set up for, to proclaim. — un pavillon; to hoist a flag.

arborescence, n.f., arborescence.

arboriculteur, n.m., arboriculturist.

arboriculture, n.f., arboriculture.

arborisation, n.f., arborization.

arborisé, -e, adj., arborized. Pierres —es; arborized stones.

arbouse, n.f., arbute-berry, wilding.

arbousier, n.m., arbute, strawberry-tree.

arbre, n.m., tree; beam; piece of timber; (tech.) arbor, cylinder, shaft, spindle; (nav.) mast (in the Mediterranean). Jeune —; sapling. — fruitier; fruit-tree. — en espalier; wall-tree. — sur pied; standing tree. — en buisson; bush. — de haute futaie; forest-tree. — de plein vent; standard. — nain; dwarf-tree. Grand —; shaft. — de couche; horizontal shaft. — moteur; main shaft. — vertical; upright shaft. — de diane, or philosophique (chem.); arbor dianæ. — vert; evergreen. — chablis; tree blown down. Arbre généalogique; genealogical tree. — à cire; myrica. — de mestre; main-mast. — de trinquet; foremast. Se tenir au gros de l’—; to adhere to what is ancient. Tel —, tel fruit; a tree is known by its fruits. Faire l’— fourchu; to walk on one’s two hands, with one’s legs in the air. L’— ne tombe pas du premier coup; (prov.) Rome was not built in a day. Entre l’— et l’écorce il ne faut pas mettre le doigt; leave family jars severely alone. — de transmission; connecting shaft.

arbrisseau, n.m., tree; young tree; small tree; underwood; shrub.

arbuste, n.m., shrub; bush.

arc (ark), n.m., bow, long-bow; (arch.) arch; (geom.) arc, arch; (astron.) arc; (nav.) cambering. Tirer de l’—; to draw the bow. Corde de l’—; bow-string. À portée d’—; within bowshot. Avoir plusieurs cordes à son —; to have more than one string to one’s bow. — en plein cintre; semi-circular arch. — de biais; sloping arch. — en décharge; arch of discharge. —-doubleau (—s-—x); massive rib, chief arch of a vault. — de triomphe; triumphal arch. — diurne; (astron.) diurnal arc. Bander, détendre, l’—; to bend, to unbend, the bow. (fig.) Débander l’— ne guérit pas la plaie; to cease to do mischief does not undo the harm done.

arc-boutant (ar-boo-tān), n.m., (—s-—s) arc-boutant, abutment, arched buttress; prop, shore, supporter; stretcher; ringleader, supporter, chief man in any business; (nav.) sparboom. —s d’un train de carrosse; rods that serve to keep the mainbraces of a coach in place. — de misaine; foresail boom. Grand — (nav.); mainsail boom.

arc-bouter, v.a., to prop, to support, to buttress.

arcade, n.f., arcade; (anat.) arch, vault.

arcane, n.m., (chem.) arcanum, secret, mystery.

arcanson, n.m., colophony, black resin, rosin.

arcasse, n.f., (nav.) buttock of a ship, stern-frame.

arc-doubleau, n.m., groin (of vaults).

arceau, n.m., arch, archway, vault; (nav.) drift-sail.

arc-en-ciel (ark-an-si-èl), n.m., (—s-—) rainbow, iris.

archaïque, adj., archaical.

archaïsme (-ka-ism), n.m., archaism. (obsolete word.)

archal, n.m. Fil d’—; iron wire.

archange (-kanj), n.m., archangel.

arche, n.f., arch; ark. L’— sainte, l’— du Seigneur; the ark of the Lord. L’— de Noé; Noah’s ark. L’— d’alliance; the ark of the covenant. C’est l’— du Seigneur; it is forbidden ground. Pont à plusieurs —s; bridge of several arches. Être hors de l’—; to be out of the pale of the church. Cour des arches; Arches-Court.

archée, n.f., principle of life, archeus.

archelet, n.m., drill-bow, hoop (of a net).

archéologie (-ké-), n.f., archæology.

archéologique (-ké-), adj., archæological.

archéologue (ar-ké-o-log), n.m., archæologist.

archer, n.m., archer, bowman; ☉policeman, constable.

archet, n.m., bow, fiddle-stick; upper part of a cradle; turner’s poll or bow; drill-bow; bow-hand (mus.).

archétype (-ké-), n.m., archetype.

archétype (-ké-), adj., archetypal.

archevêché, n.m., archbishopric, cathedral town; the archbishop’s residence.

archevêque, n.m., archbishop.

archi, prefix from Gr. ἂρχειν, arch.

archichancelier, n.m., archchancellor.

archidiaconat, n.m., archdeaconry.

archidiaconé, n.m., archdeaconry.

archidiacre, n.m., archdeacon.

archiduc, n.m., archduke.

archiduché, n.m., archdukedom, archduchy.

archiduchesse, n.f., archduchess.

archiépiscopal, -e (-ki-), adj., archiepiscopal.

archiépiscopal (-ki-), n.m., archiepiscopacy.

archifo-u, -lle, adj., stark-mad.

archiluth, n.m., archlute.

archimandritat, n.m., the living of an archimandrite; abbey.

archimandrite, n.m., archimandrite.

archinoble, adj., (iron.) most noble.

archipel, n.m., archipelago.

archipompe, or arche-de-pompe, n.f., (—s-—) (nav.) well, well-pump.

archipresbytéral, adj., appertaining to an archpresbyter.

archipresbytérat, n.m., archpresbytery.

archiprêtre, n.m., archpriest, archpresbyter.

archiprêtré, n.m., archpresbytery.

architecte, n.m., architect; master-builder. — paysagiste, landscape-gardener.

architectonique, adj., architectonic.

architectonique, n.f., architectonics.

architectonographe, n.m., architectonographer.

architectonographie, n.f., architectonography.

architectural, -e, adj., architectural.

architecture, n.f., architecture.

architrave, n.f., (arch.) architrave.

architriclin, n.m., (antiq.) steward; (fam. and jest.) head-man, host, entertainer.

archives, n.f.pl., archives, records; record-office, muniment house.

archiviste, n.m., archivist, keeper of the records, registrar.

archivolte, n.f., (arch.) archivolt.

archontat (-kon-ta), n.m., archonship.

archonte (-kont), n.m., archon.

archure, n.f., mill-stone hoop.

arçon, n.m., saddle-bow; bow (tool). Perdre or vider les —s; to be thrown from one’s horse; (fig.) to hesitate, lose one’s presence of mind. Être ferme dans les —s; to have a firm seat; to be true to one’s principles. Se remettre dans les —s; to recover one’s stirrups. Pistolets d’—; horse-pistols.

arçonnage, n.m., bowing; (agric.) layering.

☉arctier (-tié), n.m., bow-maker. — fléchier; bow and arrow maker.

arctique, adj., arctic, north.

arcturus, n.m., (astron.) Arcturus.

ardélion, n.m., (l.u.) a busybody, meddler.

ardemment (-da-mān), adv., ardently, intensely, eagerly, passionately, vehemently, spiritedly, fervently, hotly.

ardent, -e, adj., hot, burning, fiery, glowing; scorching; ardent, vehement, violent; strenuous, spirited, mettlesome; zealous; hasty, passionate; sanguine, fervent, earnest; greedy; red (of the hair); (nav.) griping. Charbon —; burning-coal. Chapelle —e; mortuary chamber (for lying in state). Chambre —e (French history) ardent-chamber, criminal court. Verre —; burning-glass.

ardent, n.m., ignis fatuus, will-o’-the-wisp.

☉arder or ardre. V. brûler.

ardeur, n.f., ardor, heat, burning heat; ardency, warmth, fervency; vividness, intensity; eagerness, fire, spirit, spiritedness, mettle, fervor; earnestness, forwardness, strenuousness; passion. Cheval plein d’—; high-mettled horse. Avec —; spiritedly.

*ardillon, n.m., tongue (of a buckle); barb (of a hook).

ardoise, n.f., slate; score, account. Carrière d’—; slate-quarry. Crayon d’—; slate-pencil. Couvreur en —; slater. Couvrir d’—; to slate.

ardoisé, -e, adj., slate-colored.

ardoiser, v.a., to slate.

ardoisier, n.m., owner of, workman in (a slate-quarry).

ardoisi-er, -ère, adj., slaty.

ardoisière, n.f., slate-quarry.

☉ardre. V. brûler.

ardu, -e, adj., arduous, hard, difficult, steep.

are, n.m., are, 119·6046 square yards.

arec, n.m., (bot.) areca, nut.

aréfaction, n.f., arefaction.

arénacé, -e, adj., arenaceous.

arénation, n.f., arenation.

arène, n.f., sand; arena, lists, ring; cock-pit; battle-ground, theatre, scene.

aréneu-x, -se, adj., sandy, arenous.

aréole, n.f., (anat., med.) areola.

aréomètre, n.m., areometer.

aréométrie, n.f., areometry.

aréopage, n.m., areopagus.

aréopagite, n.m., areopagite.

aréostyle, n.m., (arch.) areostyle.

aréotectonique, n.f., areotechtonics (military architecture).

☉aréotique, n.m., (med.) areotic.

aréquier, n.m., (bot.) cabbage palm.

arête, n.f., fish-bone; skeleton of a fish; (bot.) awn, beard, prickle; (arch.) arris; (nav.) quoin; (geom.) corner, edge; (geog.) ridge; (metal.) angle or edge, ridge; ridge (of a sword blade). — de poisson; (arch.) herring-bone work. À vive —; (carp.) sharp-edged.

arêtier (-tié), n.m., (arch.) hip.

arêtière, n.f., layer of mortar used in slating.

argala, n.m., (orni.) hurgil.

argali, n.m., (mam.) argali (wild sheep).

arganeau, n.m., (nav.) ring-bolt, anchoring; convict-chain.

argémone, n.f., argemone (thorny Mexican poppy).

argent, n.m., silver; money, coin, cash; (her.) argent; pearl. — vierge; virgin silver. Lingot d’—; silver bullion. — en feuilles, battu; silver-leaf. — vif (l.u.), vif-argent (n.p.); quicksilver. Vaisselle d’—; plate, silver-plate. — blanc; silver money. — comptant; ready money. — monnayé; coined money. — d’Allemagne; German silver. — doré; silver-gilt. — amati; deadened silver. — en caisse; cash in hand, money put by. — dormant; money lying idle. — mort; money paying no interest. — mignon; pin-money. Un — fou; no end of money. Bourreau d’—; spendthrift. Pigne d’—; pena silver. À pomme d’—; silver-headed. À tête d’—; silver-eyed. Au croissant d’—; (her.) argent-horned. D’—; silvery; (her.) argent. En avoir pour son —; to have one’s money’s worth. Avoir le temps et l’—; to have all one can wish for. Être brouillé avec l’— comptant; never to have any ready money. Être cousu d’—, avoir de l’— à gogo; to be rolling in riches. Être court d’—; to be short of money. Jeter son — par la fenêtre; to throw one’s money away. Homme d’—; mercenary man. Lâcher de l’—; to come down with one’s money. Payer — sec, bas, — sur table; to pay money down, on the nail, ready money. Manger son —; to squander one’s fortune away. — comptant porte médecine; money is a cure for all sores. Faire rentrer de l’—; to call in money. Rapporter de l’—; to bring in money. Toucher de l’—; to receive money. Trouver de l’—; to raise money. Y aller bon jeu, bon —; to be in earnest, to act frankly. J’ai toujours l’— à la main; I am always laying money out. Payer — comptant; to pay ready money. Placer de l’—; to invest money. Prendre quelque chose pour — comptant; to take anything for gospel. Faire — de tout; to turn everything into money. C’est de l’— en barre; it is as good as ready money, or as the Bank of England. — fait tout; money makes the mare go. Point d’—, point de Suisse; no pay, no piper; no money, no Swiss; nothing, without paying.

argentage, n.m., silvering, silver plating.

argenté, adj., plated, silvered over; silvery, snowy.

argenter, v.a., to silver over, to plate, to do over with silver.

argenterie (-jan-trî), n.f., plate, silver-plate.

argenteur, n.m., plater, silverer.

argenteu-x, -se, adj., (pop., l.u.) moneyed.

☉argentier, n.m., steward; treasurer; silversmith.

argentifère, adj., argentiferous.

argentin, -e, adj., silvery, argentine; silver-toned, ringing, clear; (paint.) silvery.

argentine, adj., (geog.) Argentine.

argentine, n.f., argentine, silver-weed, wild tansy; (ich.) argentina.

argenture, n.f., silver-plating.

argilacé, -e, adj., clayey, argillaceous.

argile, n.f., clay, potter’s clay, argil. — à porcelaine; China-clay.

argileu-x, -se, adj., clayey, clayish, argillous.

argilière, n.f., clay-pit.

argilifère, adj., argilliferous.

argilolithe, n.m., clay-stone.

argo, n.m., (astr.) Argo.

argonaute, n.m., argonaut; (conch.) argonauta; (moll.) nautilus.

argonautes, n.m.pl., Argonauts.

argot, n.m., cant, professional slang; slang; (gard.) the stub of a branch, above an eye or bud, dead-wood.

argoter, v.a., to cut the stub of a tree above the eye.

argotiser, v.n., to talk slang.

argousin, n.m., convict-warder; bobby, peeler, catch-poll.

argue (arg), n.f., (tech.) draw-bench, draw-room (for wire-drawing).

arguer, v.a., (jur.) to accuse; to wire-draw, argue, infer, conclude.

arguer, v.n., to argue; to conclude, to infer; to urge.

argument, n.m., argument, reasoning; conjecture; evidence, proof, reason; theme, subject. — dans les règles; argument in due form.

argumentant, n.m., arguer.

argumentateur, n.m., arguer, disputer.

argumentation, n.f., argumentation, arguing, reasoning.

argumenter, v.n., to argue, to quibble.

argus, n.m., (myth.) Argus; (ent., orn.) argus.

argutie (-ci), n.f., quibble, hair-splitting, cavil.

argutieu-x, -se, adj., quibbling, caviling.

arianisme, n.m., arianism.

aride, adj., arid, dry, sterile. Une terre —; a barren ground.

aridité, n.f., aridity, dryness; barrenness, unfruitfulness.

arien, -ne (-in, -èn), adj., Arian.

arien, n.m., -ne, n.f., Arian.

ariette, n.f., arietta.

☉arigot, n.m., a kind of fife. V. larigot.

*arille, n.f., (bot.) seed-coat, mace, aril.

aristarque, n.m., Aristarchus; hypercritic.

aristocrate, adj., aristocratic.

aristocrate, n.m.f., aristocrat.

aristocratie, n.f., aristocracy.

aristocratique, adj., aristocratic.

aristocratiquement (-mān), adv., aristocratically.

aristoloche, n.f., aristolochia, birth-wort, hard-wort.

aristotélicien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., Aristotelian.

aristotélicien, n.m., Aristotelian.

aristotélisme, n.m., Aristotelianism, Aristotelian philosophy.

arithméticien (-in), n.m., arithmetician.

arithmétique, n.f., arithmetic; accounts.

arithmétique, adj., arithmetical.

arithmétiquement (-mān), adv., arithmetically.

arithmomancie, n.f., arithmomancy.

arizarum (-rom), n.m., (bot.) friar’s cowl.

arlequin, n.m., harlequin, merry-andrew; (orni.) spotted red-shank. Habit d’—; patchwork, medley.

arlequinade, n.f., harlequinade.

arlequine, n.f., harlequin’s dance.

*armadille, n.f., armadillo.

*armadille, n.m., (ent.) wood-louse.

armand, n.m., drench, spiced-mash (for sick horses).

armateur, n.m., owner of a privateer; ship-owner; captain of a privateer.

armature, n.f., (arch., tech.) iron braces, stays, binding, cappings, armature (dynamo).

arme, n.f., arm, weapon, arm (of the service); (bot.) weapon. —s; (her.) arms, coat of arms, hatchment; troops, forces; warfare; fencing. —s blanches; side-arms (the sabre, sword, bayonet). — à feu; fire-arms. —s fausses, à enquerre; (her.) irregular arms. —s parlantes; (her.) allusive heraldry. Jaque d’—s; coat of arms. A —s parlantes; (her.) exemplary. Assaut d’—s; assault at arms. — de trait; missile weapon. Faisceau d’—s; pile of arms. Pas d’—s; passage of arms. Une salle d’—s; a fencing school; armory. Un maître d’—s; a fencing-master. Faire des —s, tirer des —s; to fence. Avoir les —s belles; to fence gracefully. Né pour les —s; born a soldier. Quitter les —s; to leave the army. Faire ses premières —s; to make one’s first campaign. Un fait d’—s; a warlike feat or exploit. Héraut d’—s; herald at arms. Homme d’—s; man at arms. Place d’—s; a fortress. Port d’—s; carrying arms; gun license. En venir aux —s; to begin the war. Porter les —s; to serve as a soldier. Aux —s! to arms! Prendre les —s; to take up arms. Rendre déposer les —s; to lay down one’s arms. Faire passer par les —s; to shoot, put to the sword. Suspension d’—s; cessation of hostilities. — au bras! (milit.) stand at ease! Haut les —s! lodge arms! Portez —s! shoulder arms! Présentez —s! present arms! — à terre! ground arms! — à volonté! slope arms! Par la force des —s; by force of arms. Prendre les —s contre; to take up arms against. Sans —s; unarmed. Les —s sont journalières; (fam.) victory is fickle. Passer l’— à gauche; (fam.) to be killed; to kick the bucket.

armé, -e, part., armed, equipped; (her.) armed, cocked, at full cock. — de toutes pièces; armed from top to toe. À main —e; by force of arms.

armée, n.f., army; forces, troops; fleet; host; bevy. La grande —; Napoleon’s army. — de mer et de terre; sea and land forces. Corps d’—; main body of troops, army corps. — permanente; standing army. Fournisseur de l’—; army-contractor. Entrer dans l’—; to enter the army.

armeline, n.f., ermine (skin).

armement, n.m., armament; arming, raising of forces; warlike preparations; accoutrements.

arménien, -ne, (-in, -en), adj., Armenian.

arménien, n.m., -ne, n.f., Armenian.

arménienne, n.f., Armenian stone.

armer, v.a., to arm, to furnish with arms; (artil.) to load, to mount; to provoke; to rouse; to excite; to cock (a gun, &c.); to fortify; to heel (cocks); (nav.) to equip, to fit out; (nav.) to man (a pump); to strengthen, to bind; (phys.) to arm. — une poutre de bandes de fer; to strengthen a beam with iron bands. — un aimant; to arm a loadstone. — les avirons; (nav.) to ship the oars.

s’armer, v.r., to arm one’s self, to take up arms, to provide one’s self with arms; to fortify, to protect, to secure one’s self against a thing; to summon up. S’— de la prière; to fortify one’s self with prayer. S’— de tout son courage; to summon up all one’s courage.

armet, n.m., (ant.) helmet, head-piece.

armillaire (-mil-lèr), adj., (astron.) armillary. Sphère —; armillary sphere.

armille, n.f., (arch.) annulet; ring, circle.

arminianisme, n.m., Arminianism.

arminien, -ne (-in, -èn), adj., Arminian.

armistice, n.m., armistice, truce.

armoire, n.f., closet; cupboard; press. — à glace; wardrobe.

armoiries, n.f.pl., (her.) coat of arms, arms, armorial bearings, hatchment. — fausses, à enquerre; irregular arms.

armoise, n.f., artemisia. — commune; mugwort.

armoisin, n.m., sarcenet.

armon, n.m., futchel (of a coach).

armorial, n.m., book of heraldry.

armoricain, n.m., Armorican (of Brittany).

armorier, v.a., to set, put, paint, a coat of arms, to blazon.

armorique, n.f., Armorica.

armoriste, n.m., armorist, heraldic engraver.

armure, n.f., armor, casing; (phys.) armor; (nav.) fish (of a mast, yard). — de tête; headpiece. — à l’épreuve; armor-proof. Revêtir son —; to buckle on one’s armor. — de la clef; (mus.) signature.

armurerie, n.f., gunsmithery, arm-manufactory; gun-trade, gun-making.

armurier, n.m., armorer, gunsmith.

arnica, or arnique, n.f., (bot.) arnica.

arnicine, n.f., (chem.) extract of arnica.

arnotto, n.m., (bot.) arnotto. V. roucou.

aromate, n.m., aromatic.

aromatique, adj., aromatical, fragrant, spicy.

aromatisation, n.f., aromatization.

aromatiser, v.a., to aromatize.

aromatite, n.f., aromatite.

arome, n.m., flavor, aroma.

aronde, n.f., swallow, swallow-fish. Queue d’—; (carp.) dove-tail. Assembler en queue d’—; to dove-tail.

☉arondelle, n.f., a kind of fishing-tackle. — de mer; any small vessel; a brigantine, pinnace, &c.

☉*arpailleur, n.m., gold-searcher. V. orpailleur.

arpège, n.m., (mus.) arpeggio.

arpéger, v.n., (mus.) to perform arpeggios.

arpent, n.m., acre (French); about an acre and a half (English).

arpentage, n.m., land-measuring; survey.

arpenter, v.a., to survey, to measure lands; to walk at a great pace, to stride along, pace up and down.

arpenteur, n.m., land-surveyor.

arpenteuse, n.f., (ent.) span worm.

arqué, -e, part., bent, crooked; arched, curved.

arquebusade, n.f., arquebusade.

arquebuse, n.f., arquebuse.

☉arquebuser, v.a., to shoot with an arquebuse.

arquebuserie (-buz-rî), n.f., the business of a gunsmith. V. armurerie.

arquebusier, n.m., arquebusier, musketeer; gunsmith.

arquer, v.a.n., to bend, to curve, to arch, to crook.

arrachement (-rash-mān), n.m., tearing up, away, pulling up or out, rooting up or out, clearing away, drawing, extraction; (arch.) toothing.

d’arrache-pied, adv., without intermission, incessantly.

arracher, v.a., to force from, out of, away from, off; to pull away; to drag, to draw, to lug away; to extort; to snatch from, to wrest, to wring; to extract (teeth); to wring (tears); to tear out, down; to wrest; to grub up. — de mauvaises herbes; to grub up weeds. — un secret à quelqu’un; to get a secret out of any one.

s’arracher, v.r., to tear; to tear away, off; to get away; to break away. S’— les cheveux; to tear one’s hair. On se l’arrache; he or she is all the rage; there is a great run upon it.

arracheur, n.m., drawer. — de dents; tooth-drawer. — de cors; corn-cutter. Mentir comme un — de dents; to lie unblushingly, or like an epitaph.

arracheuse, n.f., (hat-making) picker.

arrachis, n.m., plant rooted up; fraudulent rooting up of young trees.

arrachoir, n.m., rooter, digger.

☉arraisonner, v.a., to argue with any one. — un vaisseau; (nav.) to speak, to hail.

arrangé, -e, part., arranged; affected.

arrangeant, -e, adj., accommodating, easy to deal with, to get on with.

arrangement, n.m., arrangement, disposing, adjusting, setting in order, laying out; cooking up; trimming (lamps); accommodating; order, regularity, composure; method, proper arrangement or disposition; economy; composition, compounding; pl., terms; measures. Entrer en —; to compound. J’ai pris des —s avec eux pour le paiement; I have come to terms with them respecting payment.

arranger, v.a., to set in order, to arrange, to do up; to rank, to range, to dispose, to class; to accommodate, to make up, to compromise, to conciliate, to compose; to suit, to agree with; to settle, to manage, to wind up; to cook up; to trim (lamps); to ill-treat; to blow up (any one); to fit up (a house); to trim up, to dress out. — un jardin; to do up a garden. — quelque chose; to contrive something. — ses affaires; to settle one’s affairs. Il l’a arrangé de la bonne manière; he gave it him well, gave him his deserts. Comme vous voilà arrangé! what a sight you look! what a figure you cut! Arrangez tout cela; set all those things in order. Cela m’arrange; that suits me. Cela ne m’arrange pas; that does not suit me. Arrangez-vous; settle it among yourselves.

s’arranger, v.r., to put, place one’s self; to settle; to set to rights; to be placed, arranged; to arrange, to make arrangements; to set one’s house in order; to compound; to be all right; to contrive; to make shift, to put up (with). Cela s’arrangera; that will be all right. Il s’est très bien arrangé; he has made his house very comfortable. Qu’il s’arrange comme il voudra; let him do as he likes. Arrangez-vous; do as best you can; that is your lookout. Je m’en arrange; I make shift with it. Il s’est arrangé avec ses créanciers; he has come to terms with his creditors.

arrentement (-mān), n.m., (l.u.) renting; letting out. Tenir par —; to rent.

arrenter, v.a., (l.u.) to rent, to let out.

arrérager, v.n., to get in arrears.

arrérages, n.m.pl., arrears. Mandate d’— de rentes; dividend warrant. Laisser courir ses —; to let one’s arrears run on.

arrestation, n.f., arrest, custody. Être en état d’—; to be in custody. Mettre quelqu’un en —; to arrest any one. Opérer l’— d’une bande de voleurs; to capture a gang of thieves.

arrêt, n.m., decree; decision, award, judgment; sentence; attachment (of both persons and goods); (horol.) stop-work; (tech.) rest, stop, stay. — de mort; sentence of death. — par défaut; judgment by default. Chien d’—; setter, pointer. Robinet d’—; stop-cock. Maison d’—; jail, lock-up. Mandat d’—; warrant. —s forcés, simples; (milit.) close, open, arrest. Aux —s; (milit.) under arrest; kept in (schol.). Mettre aux —s; (milit.) to put under arrest. Lever les —s; (milit.) to release from arrest. Prononcer un —; to pronounce judgment, to pass sentence. Mettre la lance en —; to couch the lance. Temps d’—; pause, stoppage, intermission. En —; at rest (of a lance); locked (of a pistol).

arrêté, n.m., agreement, resolution; order, decision (of the police). — de compte; (com.) account agreed upon.

arrêté, -e, part., stopped; hired, agreed for; decreed, agreed upon, resolved upon; arrested; fastened. Avoir des idées —es; to have fixed ideas. Dessein —; settled design.

arrête-bœuf, n.m., (—) (bot.) cammoc, rest-harrow.

arrête-nef, n.m., (—) (ich.) sucking-fish.

arrête-porte, n.m., (—) gate, door-stop; door-keeper.

arrêter, v.a., to arrest, to stop, to stay; to make fast, to fasten; to delay, to detain, to keep back; to give over; to put an end to; to suppress; to fix the attention of; to apprehend, to take into custody; to seize, to distrain; to hinder, to impede; to check, to curb; to staunch; to alleviate; to throw out of gear (machinery); to hire, to engage; to secure; to resolve upon, to agree; to conclude, to decree; to settle (an account); to pin; to scotch. — un point en cousant; to fasten a stitch. — ses yeux sur; to fix one’s eyes upon. — un courrier; to delay a courier. — un volet; to fasten a shutter. Ses créanciers l’ont fait arrêté; his creditors have had him arrested. Qu’a-t-on arrêté dans cette réunion? what has been decided at that meeting? — un marché; to conclude a bargain. — un domestique, une chambre; to secure, engage a servant, a room. — une place à la diligence; to secure a place in the coach. Rien ne l’arrête; he sticks at nothing.

arrêter, v.n., to stand still, to stop, to make a stay; to stop to bait (horses); to point, to set (of dogs).

s’arrêter, v.r., to stop, to pause, to rest, to dwell upon; to stand still, to halt; to tarry, to loiter; to stop; to remain; to lag; to forbear; to hesitate; to give over, to suspend; to leave off; to be embarrassed; to be concluded (of bargains); to desist; to resolve upon; to draw up (of carriages); to be allayed (of pain); to be thrown out of gear (of machinery); to be fastened, to be pinned down. Ma montre s’arrête; my watch stops. Il s’arrête, la mémoire lui manque; he hesitates, his memory fails him. Il ne faut pas s’arrêter à ce qu’il dit; one must not mind what he says. Vous vous arrêtez à des riens; you stop at trifles.

arrêtiste, n.m., compiler of decrees.

☉arrhement, n.m., the giving of earnest money.

arrher, v.a., to give earnest-money.

arrhes (âr), n.f.pl., earnest, earnest-money. Donner des —; to pay a deposit.

arrière, n.m., back part, rear; (nav.) stern. D’—; (nav.) aft. En —! back! En —; (nav.) abaft. En —; in arrears. En — de; behind. Surveillant de l’—; (nav.) after-guard. Se ranger de l’—; (nav.) to veer. Tomber de l’—; (nav.) to fall astern. Avoir le vent —, or filer vent —; to sail before the wind.

arrière, adv., behind (of time and place); (nav.) aft, abaft. Droit —; right abaft. Avoir vent —; to go before the wind.

arrière, int., away! avaunt!

arriéré, -e, adj., in arrears; behindhand.

arriéré, n.m., arrears. Liquider l’—; to pay up arrears. Il a beaucoup d’— dans sa correspondance; he is very much behindhand in his correspondence.

arrière-ban, n.m., (—-—s) arriere-ban, reserve.

arrière-bec, n.m., (—-—s) (arch.) starling; breakwater; cutwater.

arrière-bouche, n.f., (—-—s) (anat.) swallow (of the throat), pharynx, posterior fauces.

arrière-boutique, n.f., (—-—s) back shop.

☉arrière-change, n.m., (—-—s) compound interest.

arrière-corps, n.m., (—) (arch.) recess; back-building.

arrière-cour, n.f., (—-—s) back yard, back court.

arrière-dos, n.m., (—) (arch.) altar-screen, reredos.

arrière-essaim, n.m., (—-—s) after-swarm.

arrière-faix, n.m., (—) (surg.) after-birth.

arrière-fermier, n.m., (—-—s) under-farmer, under-tenant.

arrière-fief, n.m., (—-—s) arriere-fee or mesne-fief.

arrière-fleur, n.f., (—-—s) second blossom.

arrière-garant, n.m., (—-—s) (jur.) double security; security of the bail.

arrière-garde, n.f., (—-—s) rear-guard; (nav.) rear-division.

arrière-goût, n.m., (—-—s) after-taste.

arrière-main, n.m., (—-—s) back stroke; hindquarters (of a horse).

arrière-neveu, n.m., (—-—x) great-nephew. Les —x; descendants, the latest posterity.

arrière-pensée, n.f., (—-—s) mental reservation.

arrière-petite-fille, n.f., (—-—s-—s) great-grand-daughter.

arrière-petit-fils, n.m., (—-—s-—) great-grandson.

arrière-plan, n.m., (—-—s) (paint.) background.

arrière-point, n.m., (—-—s) back-stitch.

arrière-pointeuse, n.f., (—-—s) back-stitcher.

arrière-port, n.m., inner harbor.

arriérer, v.a., to defer, to put off; to throw behindhand.

s’arriérer, v.r., to stay behind; to be in arrears (of payment).

arrière-saison, n.f., (—-—s) autumn. L’— de la vie; the evening of days, old age.

arrière-train, n.m., (—-—s) after-carriage, hind-quarters.

arrière-vassal, n.m., (—-vassaux) rear-vassal.

arrière-voussure, n.f., (—-—s) back-arch.

arrimage, n.m., (nav.) stowage; trim of the hold.

arrimer, v.a., (nav.) to stow away; to trim the hold.

arrimeur, n.m., stevedore.

arriser, v.a., (nav.) to touch.

arrivage, n.m., (nav.) arrival.

arrivée, n.f., arrival, entrance, approach, landing, coming, advent; (nav.) falling off, lee-way. À l’— de; on the arrival of. Aussitôt son —; immediately after his arrival. Jours d’—; mail days.

arriver, v.n., to come to land; to bear down; to arrive at, to approach, to be coming; to happen, to chance; (nav.) to bear up, to bear down, to veer; to come to pass; to occur; to befall, to chance, to attain, to reach, to succeed. — à l’âge de; to attain the age of. Le navire arrive de ce côté; the ship is bearing down this way. La voiture arriva; the coach arrived. La nuit arriva; night came on. Un accident lui est arrivé; an accident has happened to him. Il arrivait à grands pas; he was approaching with rapid strides. — à bon port; to reach home safely, to land; (of letters) to come to hand. — à ses fins, à son but; to compass one’s ends. Il arrive tous les jours que; it happens every day that. Il lui est arrivé de dire; he happened to say. D’où il est arrivé que; whence it came to pass that. S’il arrive que vous ayez besoin de moi; if you should chance to want me. Quel malheur en peut-il arriver; what mischief can it entail? Quoi qu’il arrive; come what may. Qu’en arrivera-t-il? what will be the consequence, or the upshot? Cela ne m’arrivera plus; I will never do so again. Un malheur n’arrive jamais seul; misfortunes never come singly. Arrivez! (fam.) come on! come in! Arrive qui plante, arrive que pourra; (prov.) happen what may, in any case. — comme marée en Carême; to come in the nick of time.

arrobe, n.f., Spanish weight, arroba.

arroche, n.f., (bot.) orach, goose-foot; mountain spinach.

arrogamment (-ga-mān), adv., arrogantly, haughtily, insolently.

arrogance, n.f., arrogance; haughtiness; superciliousness.

arrogant, -e, adj., arrogant, haughty, supercilious.

s’arroger, v.r., to arrogate to one’s self, to assume, to claim.

☉arroi, n.m., array, equipage. Être en mauvais —; to be in a sad pickle.

arrondi, -e, part., rounded, made round; full. Un visage —; a full face.

arrondir, v.a., to make a thing round, to round off; to aggrandize; to extend, increase; (paint.) to round off; (nav.) to double (a cape). — une période; to round off a period. — une île; (nav.) to sail round an island. — ses biens; to increase one’s estate.

s’arrondir, v.r., to round, to get round; to increase one’s estate.

arrondissement (-mān), n.m., rounding, making round; roundness; district, circuit; ward (of a town).

arrosage, n.m., irrigation, watering.

arrosement (a-rôz-mān), n.m., watering, sprinkling, besprinkling; (cook.) basting; paying all round, stake, pool (at play).

arroser, v.a., to water, to irrigate, to besprinkle, to wet; to bedew; to soak; to bathe (with tears); (cook.) to baste; to distribute money. — des créanciers; to pay one’s creditors a trifle. Arrosez ces gens-là; keep in with those people (by giving them trifling presents). — un repas de vin; to wash down a meal with wine.

arrosoir, n.m., watering-pot.

arrowroot, n.m., (n.p.) arrow-root.

arrugie, n.f., (mining) drain.

ars, n.m.pl., (vet.) vein of the fore leg; limb. Saigner un cheval aux quatre —; to bleed a horse in all four legs.

arsenal, n.m., arsenal. — de marine; dock-yard.

arséniate, n.m., arseniate.

arséniaté, adj., combined with arseniate.

arsenic, n.m., arsenic.

arsenical, -e, adj., arsenical.

arsénieux, adj., arsenious.

arsénique, adj., (chem.) arsenic.

arsénite, n.m., arsenite.

arsis, n.f., (gram., mus.) arsis.

art, n.m., art; skill; cunning, artifice. Les termes de l’—; technical terms. L’— militaire; military art. Les —s libéraux; the liberal arts. Les beaux-—s; the fine arts. —s manufacturiers; arts and manufactures. — angélique; (hist.) angelic art. —s d’agrément; accomplishments. Bachelier ès —s; bachelor of arts. Maître ès —s; master of arts. Ouvrage d’—; work of art. Maîtres de l’—; the connoisseurs, the learned, the masters of their craft. Homme de l’—; doctor. Il a l’— de réussir dans tout ce qu’il entreprend; he has the art of succeeding in all his undertakings. L’— perfectionne la nature; art improves nature.

artère, n.f., artery. Piquer une —; to open an artery.

artériel, -le, adj., arterial.

artériole, n.f., (anat.) small artery.

artériologie, n.f., arteriology.

artériotomie, n.f., arteriotomy.

artérite, n.f., arteritis.

artésien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., n., artesian. Puits —; artesian well.

arthralgie, n.f., arthritis.

arthrite, n.f., (med.) arthritis.

arthritique, adj., arthritic.

arthrodie, n.f., (anat.) arthrodia.

arthrose, n.f., arthrosis.

artichaut, n.m., artichoke. —s; spikes on a fence or gate. — des toits; house-leek.

article, n.m., article, head; paragraph; matter, thing, subject; point; item; (gram.) article; (anat.) articulation; (bot.) article, ware, goods. — de fond; leading article. — de Paris; Paris speciality. C’est un autre —; that’s another matter. Ce n’est pas un — de foi; it is not worthy of credit. Nous reviendrons sur cet —; we shall resume this subject. C’est un — à part; that is a separate article. À l’— de la mort; at the point of death. Faire l’—; to puff one’s goods.

articulaire, adj., (med.) articular.

articulation, n.f., articulation, joint; (bot., anat.) joint, articulation; (jur.) allegation.

articulé, -e, part., articulate; articulated, uttered, jointed, vertebrated. D’une manière —e; articulately, distinctly.

articuler, v.a., to articulate, to pronounce; to enumerate; to set forth.

s’articuler, v.r., to be articulated or jointed, to joint.

articuler, v.n., to articulate.

artifice, n.m., art; contrivance; slyness, cunning, craft, deceit; trick, stratagem; shuffle. Caisse d’—; (nav.) powder-chest. Un feu d’—; fireworks, pyrotechnics. Tirer un feu d’—; to let off fireworks.

artificiel, -le, adv., artificial.

artificiellement (-mān), adv., artificially.

artificier, n.m., fireworks-maker, pyrotechnist.

artificieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., cunningly, craftily, artfully, slily.

artificieu-x, -se, adj., artful, cunning, crafty; shuffling, sly.

☉*artillé, -e, adj., (nav.) mounted with cannon. Vaisseau —; armored vessel.

*artillerie, n.f., artillery, ordnance. Une pièce d’—; a piece of ordnance. Grosse —; heavy artillery. — légère; light artillery. — de campagne; field artillery. — de siège; battering or siege artillery. — à pied; foot artillery. — à cheval; horse artillery. Parc d’—; park of artillery. Train d’—; train of artillery. Comité d’—; board of ordnance.

*artilleur, n.m., artilleryman, gunner.

artimon, n.m., (nav.) mizzen. Mât d’—; mizzen mast. Hune d’—; mizzen top.

artisan, n.m., artisan, handicraftsman, operative, artificer, mechanic, craftsman; author, architect, contriver.

artison, n.m., (ent.) wood-fretter, moth.

artisonné, adj., worm-eaten.

artiste, n.m.f., artist, player, performer, actor, actress.

artistement, adv., in an artistic manner; skillfully, artistically.

artistique, adj., artist-like; artistic, of art.

arum (-rom), n.m., (bot.) arum, wake-robin.

aruspice, n.m., aruspex, diviner, soothsayer.

aruspicine, n.f., (antiq.) aruspicy.

aryen, -ne, adj., n., Aryan.

aryténoïde, adj., (anat.) arytænoid.

as (âss), n.m., ace (at cards, dice); as (Roman weight).

asaret, n.m., (bot.) asarum.

asarum (-rom), n.m., asarabacca, asarum.

asbeste, n.m., asbestos.

ascaride, n.m., (ent.) ascaris.

ascendant, n.m., ascendant; ascendency, influence; power, ruling passion, ancestor. Avoir de l’— sur; to have influence over. —s et descendants; ancestors and descendants.

ascendant, -e, adj., ascending, ascendant, upwards.

ascenseur, n.m., hoist, lift.

ascension, n.f., ascent; up-stroke (of machinery); ascension; ascending, rising; Ascension-day, Holy Thursday. Jour de l’—; Holy Thursday.

ascensionnel, -le, adj., ascensional.

ascète, n.m.f., ascetic, anchoret; monk.

ascétique, adj., ascetic, rigid, severe.

ascétique, n.m., ascetic.

ascétique, n.f., ascetic doctrine.

ascétisme, n.m., ascetism.

asciens (as-si-in), n.m.pl., (geog.) Ascians.

ascite, n.f., ascites, common dropsy.

ascitique, adj., dropsical, ascitic.

asclépiade, n.m., (poet.), asclepiad.

asclépiade, adj., (poet.) formed of asclepiads.

asclépiade, n.f., or asclépias, n.m., (bot.) asclepias, swallow-wort.

asiarcat, n.m., dignity of an asiarch.

asiarque, n.m., (hist.) asiarch.

asiatique, adj., n., Asiatic.

asile, n.m., asylum, refuge, place of refuge, shelter, sanctuary; harbor, retreat, protection. Salle d’—; infant school. Servir d’—; to shelter. Sans —; shelterless, homeless.

asile, n.m., wasp-fly.

asine, adj.f., (l.u.) asinine, of the ass. Bête —; ass; blockhead.

aspect, n.m., aspect, view, sight; look, countenance; phase, point of view.

asperge, n.f., asparagus (head of). Botte d’—s; bundle of asparagus.

aspergement, n.m., sprinkling.

asperger, v.a., to sprinkle, to besprinkle.

aspergerie or aspergière, n.f., asparagus-bed or ground.

aspergés (-jèss), n.m., aspergillum, holy-water sprinkler. Je suis arrivé à l’—; I entered the church as the priest was sprinkling the people with holy-water.

aspérité, n.f., asperity, roughness, ruggedness; harshness; unevenness.

aspersion, n.f., aspersion, sprinkling, besprinkling.

aspersoir, n.m., holy-water brush; rose (of a water-pot).

aspérule, n.f., (bot.) wood-ruff.

asphalte, n.m., asphalt, asphaltum.

asphaltique or asphaltite, adj., asphaltic, bituminous. Le lac —; the asphaltic lake, the Dead Sea.

asphodèle, n.m., (bot.) asphodel, king’s-spear, wild daffodil.

asphyxiant, adj., asphyxiating, suffocating.

asphyxie, n.f., (med.) asphyxy, suffocation, suspended animation.

asphyxié, n.m., -e, n.f., a person in a state of asphyxia.

asphyxier, v.a., to cause asphyxia, to suffocate. Le gaz les asphyxia; the gas suffocated them.

s’asphyxier, v.r., to destroy one’s self by suffocation.

aspic, n.m., aspic; asp; (bot.) aspic; spikenard; spike-lavender; (cook.) cold meat or fish, with jelly. Langue d’—; a viper’s tongue.

aspirant, -e, adj., suction, sucking (of pumps).

aspirant, n.m., -e, n.f., candidate, suitor, aspirant, postulant; midshipman. — au doctorat; candidate for a doctor’s degree. — de marine; midshipman.

aspirateur, n.m., (of air-pumps) exhauster.

aspiration, n.f., inhaling, inspiration; (gram.) aspiration, breathing; (of pumps) exhaustion, suction; aspiration, longing after, fervent desire. Tuyau d’—; exhausting pipe.

aspiré, -e, adj., aspirate; (hydr.) exhausted.

aspirée, n.f., (gram.) aspirate.

aspirer, v.a., to inspire; to inhale; to draw in; to suck in; (gram.) to aspirate; (hydr.) to exhaust.

aspirer, v.n., to aspire, to covet, to aim at. — aux honneurs; to aspire after honors.

s’aspirer, v.r., to suck; to be inhaled.

aspre, n.m., asper, a Turkish coin.

assa, n.f., (n.p.), concrete gum, asa, assa.

assabler, v.a., to fill with sand.

assabler, v.n., to run aground; to be stranded.

assa dulcis, n.f. (n.p.), asa-dulcis, benzoin.

assa foetida, n.f., (phar.) assafœtida.

assagir, v.a., to make wise, to impart wisdom. S’—, v.r., to become wise.

*assaillant, n.m., aggressor, assailant, besieger.

*assaillant, -e, adj., aggressive.

*assaillir, v.a., to assault, to assail, to attack; to surprise, to beset, to come upon.

assainir, v.a., to make, to render healthy. S’—, v.r., to become healthy.

assainissement (-mān), n.m., sanitation, purification, salubrity, drainage.

assaisonnement (-zo-n-mān), n.m., condiment, seasoning, dressing.

assaisonner, v.a., to season, to dress, to spice; to give a relish to; to make palatable; to set off, to give a zest to.

assaisonneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., seasoner.

assassin, n.m., assassin, murderer, murderess; ruffian. À l’—! murder! Crier à l’—; to call out murder.

assassin, -e, adj., killing, murderous.

assassinant, -e, adj., exceedingly tiresome, boring; killing, murdering.

assassinat, n.m., assassination, willful murder, homicide, murder.

☉assassinateur, n.m., assassin, murderer.

assassiner, v.a., to assassinate, to murder, to make away with; to bore, to tease, to plague any one to death.

assaut, n.m., assault, storm, onset, onslaught; attack, shock; fencing match, assault. Donner l’— à une place; to storm a place. Emporter une ville d’—; to carry a town by storm. Faire — d’esprit; to make a trial of wit. Faire — de; to vie with each other in.

asséchage, asséchement, n.m., drying up.

assécher, v.a., to drain (mine); to dry up.

assemblage, n.m., assemblage, collection, union; set, combination; (print.) gathering; (nav.) tabling; (carp.) bond, scarf.

assemblé, -e, part., assembled, united, joined.

assemblée, n.f., assembly, meeting, company, party; convocation; congregation (of churches); meeting, meet (of hunters). Se réunir en — publique; to meet in public assembly. L’— se tient; the meeting is being held. — de jeu; card-party.

assembler, v.a., to collect, to gather; to get, bring, put or lay, together; to assemble, to convoke, to call together; (print.) to gather; (carp.) to trim, to scarf.

s’assembler, v.r., to assemble, to meet; to come, to get or gather, together; to congregate, to muster. Qui se ressemble s’assemble; birds of a feather flock together.

assembleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., gatherer, collector.

asséner, v.a., to strike, to deal (a blow). Il lui asséna un coup de poing; he struck him a violent blow with his fist.

assentiment, n.m., assent.

assentir, v.n., to agree to, to assent; (hunt.) to scent.

asseoir (-soâr), (asseyant, assis), v.a., to seat; to set or put in a chair; to set, to lay, to fix; to establish, to rest, to ground; to pitch; to settle, to assess; to train (a horse). — les fondements d’une maison; to lay the foundations of a house. — une rente; to settle an annuity. — un camp; to pitch a camp. Faire — quelqu’un à sa table; to admit any one to one’s table.

s’asseoir, v.r., to sit, to sit down; to be seated, to settle, to perch. Asseyez-vous; sit down.

assermenté, -e, part., sworn.

assermenter, v.a., to swear in, to administer the oath to.

asserti-f, -ve, adj., assertive.

assertion, n.f., assertion, affirmation.

asservir, v.a., to enslave, to reduce to servitude or slavery; to subject; to enthrall; to bring under subjection; to master, to subdue, to conquer.

asservissant, adj., enslaving, subjecting, coercive.

asservissement (-mān), n.m., subjection, enthrallment, bondage, servitude, slavery.

assesseur, n.m., assessor (judge).

assette, n.f., adze, hatchet.

assez, adv., enough, sufficiently; pretty, rather. J’en ai —; I have had enough of it. Vous avez — fait; you have done enough. Cela est — bien; that is pretty well. Cette femme est — jolie; this woman is rather pretty. Cela paraît — vraisemblable; that appears likely enough. — et plus qu’il n’en faut; enough and to spare. C’est —, en voilà —; enough, that will do. — parlé; enough talking. C’est — loin; it is rather far. On ne saurait avoir — de soin de sa santé; one cannot take too much care of one’s health. Cela est — de mon goût; I like it well enough. Suis-je — malheureux! could I be more unfortunate! — volontiers, d’— bon cœur; readily enough.

assidu, -e, adj., assiduous, punctual; diligent, constant, attentive.

assiduité, n.f., assiduity, application, diligence, attention.

assidûment, adv., assiduously, constantly, sedulously, diligently, punctually.

assiégé, n.m., besieged. Les —s firent une sortie; the besieged made a sally.

assiégeant, -e, adj., besieging.

assiégeant, n.m., besieger.

assiéger, v.a., to besiege, to lay siege to; to surround; to beset, to dun. Ses créanciers l’assiègent; his creditors dun him.

assiette, n.f., plate; seat, situation, sitting, posture; tone, state of the mind; temper, condition of one’s mind; assessment (of taxes); (nav.) trim; (man.) seat; (arch.) site. —s blanches; clean plates. Une — à soupe; a soup plate. — d’argent; a silver plate. L’— d’une église; the site of a church. L’— d’un bâtiment; the situation of a building. Cela n’est pas dans son —; that is not steady. Il n’est pas dans son —; he is out of sorts, not at his ease. Faire l’— de; to assess. Piquer l’—; to sponge. Pique-—; sponger. L’— d’une rente; the assignment of an annuity. — d’un vaisseau; trim of a ship. Casseur d’—s; swaggerer. Son — dîne pour lui; present or not, he pays all the same.

assiettée, n.f., a plateful.

*assignable, adj., assignable.

☉*assignant, n.m. V. demandeur.

*assignat, n.m., assignat (French paper money.) Legs par —; specific legacy.

*assignation, n.f., summons, subpœna, writ; appointment, rendezvous, assignation; assignment; transfer; (com.) check. Signifier une — à quelqu’un; to serve a writ upon any one. Faire une — de; to make an assignment of; (com.) appointment. Manquer à l’—; to break an appointment.

*assigné, -e, part., summoned.

*assigné, n.m., -e, n.f., defendant. V. défendeur.

*assigner, v.a., to summon, to subpœna; to assign; to appoint, to allow, to allot. Obtenir permission d’— quelqu’un; to take out a writ against any one.

assimilable, adj., assimilable.

assimilation, n.f., assimilation.

assimiler, v.a., to assimilate, to liken, to compare. S’— à quelqu’un; to compare one’s self to any one.

assis, -e, part., seated. Restez —; keep your seat. Voter par — et levé; to give one’s vote by rising or by remaining seated.

assise, n.f., (arch.) a course; (geol.) layer, stratum.

assises, n.f.pl., assizes, session. Cour d’—; Assize Court. Tenir les —; to hold the assizes. Cet homme tient ses — dans la maison; this man is the oracle of the house.

assistance, n.f., assistance, help, aid; relief, comfort; audience, company, by-standers; congregation (in a church). — publique; poor-law relief.

assistant, n.m., -e, n.f., assistant (of religious orders); onlooker, by-stander, beholder, spectator. Il prit tous les —s à témoin; he took all present to witness.

assistant, -e, adj., assistant, helper.

assister, v.n., to be at, to be present at, to attend, to stand by, to look on, to witness.

assister, v.a., to assist, to help; to succor; to aid, to support; to attend. — les pauvres; to relieve the poor. — ses amis de son crédit; to use one’s interest in favor of. Dieu vous assiste; God help you!

association, n.f., association, partnership, society; combination. Contrat d’—; deed of partnership. — illégale; conspiracy. — de secours mutuels; friendly benefit society. Faire une — avec quelqu’un; to enter into partnership with any one.

associé, n.m., -e, n.f., associate; fellow; member; companion; partner. — bailleur de fonds, — commanditaire; sleeping partner.

associer, v.a., to associate, to admit or receive as a partner; to take into partnership; to divide or share something with any one.

s’associer, v.r., to enter, to get into partnership with one; to associate one’s self with, to join, to combine, to be joined or connected with; to make any one a party to.

assoiffer, v.n., to become thirsty.

assolement, n.m., (agri.) rotation of crops.

assoler, v.a., (agri.) to vary the crops.

assombrir, v.a., to darken, to make gloomy, to throw a gloom over, to sadden, to cloud. S’—, v.r., to become, grow dark, gloomy; to darken (of the brow).

assommant, -e, adj., wearisome, tiresome, boring, killing, oppressive (of heat). Cet homme est —; this man is a great bore.

assommer, v.a., to beat to death, to knock on the head; to beat unmercifully; to overpower; to overwhelm, to bear down; to pester, to bore; to grieve, to oppress; to plague to death. — à coups de bâton; to beat to death with a stick. La chaleur m’assomme; the heat overpowers me.

s’assommer, v.r., to kill one’s self, to be overwhelmed, to overburden one’s self. Vous vous assommez à force de travail; you are killing yourself by too much labor.

assommeur, n.m., slaughterer, feller (of oxen).

assommoir, n.m., trap; loaded bludgeon. Coup d’—; overpowering blow. Quel —! what a bore!

assompti-f, -ve, adj., assumptive.

assomption, n.f., assumption; (rel.) Assumption (Aug. 15).

assonah, n.m. V. sonna.

assonance, n.f., assonance.

assonant, -e, adj., assonant.

assorti, -e, part., stocked, furnished; matched; sorted; paired; suitable. Il n’y a point de marchand mieux —; no shop-keeper is better stocked. Un mariage bien —; a very suitable match.

assortiment, n.m., set; assortment, stock, collection; match; sorting; combination. Livres d’—; books on sale (not published by the vendor).

assortir, v.a., to sort, to match, to pair, to stock, to furnish. Mal —; to mis-match. — des couleurs; to match colors. — une boutique, to stock a shop.

assortir, v.n., to match, to sort, to suit, to pair.

s’assortir, v.r., to match, to agree, to suit; to be a match, to be suitable.

assortissant, -e, adj., suitable, becoming, matching.

assoté, -e, adj., infatuated, extremely fond, doting on.

assoter, v.a., (fam. and iron.) to befool, to infatuate; to besot. S’—, v.r., to be foolishly fond of.

assoupir, v.a., to make drowsy, heavy, dull; to lull, to assuage, to allay, to soften; to deaden; to suppress, to stifle, to still, to quiet, to hush, to hush up.

s’assoupir, v.r., to grow drowsy, dull, heavy, sleepy; to fall asleep; to doze; to be assuaged, to be weakened; to be appeased, to be stilled.

assoupissant, -e, adj., drowsy, sleepy, soporiferous, soporific. Discours —; speech that sends one to sleep.

assoupissement (-mān), n.m., drowsiness, sleepiness, heaviness; carelessness, sloth, negligence, supineness, hushing up; (med.) coma.

assouplir, v.a., to make supple, to render flexible, tractable; (man.) to break in. — un cheval; to break in a horse. — une étoffe; to make a stuff soft.

s’assouplir, v.r., to become supple, manageable.

assourdir, v.a., to deafen, to make deaf; to stun; to muffle (a bell, an oar); (paint.) to darken.

s’assourdir, v.r., to grow deaf.

assourdissant, adj., deafening.

assourdissement, n.m., deafening noise; muffling, deadening; temporary deafness.

assouvir, v.a., to glut, to satiate, to cloy, to surfeit, to gratify. — ses passions; to gratify one’s passions. — sa faim; to satiate one’s hunger. s’assouvir, v.r., to be satiated, glutted, surfeited, cloyed, gratified.

assouvissement (-mān), n.m., glutting, cloying, satiating.

assujettir, or assujétir, v.a., to subdue, to enthrall, to bring under, into, subjection; to subject, to tie down; to oblige; to fix, to fasten, to wedge in. — ses passions; to master one’s passions. S’— à quelque chose; to tie one’s self down to a thing.

s’assujettir, v.r., to subject one’s self to.

assujettissant, -e, adj., binding, constraining, fettering, restrictive.

assujettissement (-mān), n.m., subjection, enthrallment; constraint.

assumer, v.n., to take upon one’s self, to assume.

assurance, n.f., assurance, certainty, certitude; security, safety; pledge; trust, confidence; protestation, promise; insurance; boldness, confidence, hardihood. — maritime; marine insurance. — contre l’incendie; fire insurance. — sur risques ordinaires; common insurance. — sur la vie; life insurance. Bureau d’—; insurance-office. Courtier d’—; insurance broker. Police d’—; policy insurance. Avec —; safely. Il est en lieu d’—; he is in a safe place. Donnez-moi des —s; give me a security. Prenez ma montre pour —; take my watch as a security. Il met son — en Dieu; he puts his trust in God. Il parle avec —; he speaks boldly. Prenez de l’—; put on a little assurance. Il n’y a pas d’— à prendre en vous; there is no reliance to be placed in you.

assure, n.f., woof, texture.

assuré, -e, adj., sure, safe, secure; certain; bold, confident; impudent; trusty; insured. Une retraite —e; a safe retreat. Sa perte est —e; his ruin is infallible.

assuré, n.m., -e, n.f., person insured.

assurément, adv., assuredly, surely, to be sure; doubtless, undoubtedly; certainly, sure enough. Oui, —; yes, doubtless. — non; certainly not.

assurer, v.a., to assure (a person of a thing); to assert, to affirm, to promise; to secure, to make sure of; to guarantee; to inspire with confidence; to fix firmly; to fasten; to insure; to underwrite; (man.) to accustom to the bit. Il a assuré son argent; he has made sure of his money. — la bouche d’un cheval; to accustom a horse to bear the bit. — une maison contre l’incendie; to insure a house against fire. — pour l’aller; (com.) to insure out. — pour le retour; to insure home.

s’assurer, v.r., to secure, to make sure of; to ascertain; to be confident of; to satisfy one’s self; to be assured, to be sure; to be persuaded, to be convinced. S’— de quelqu’un; to secure any one, to engage him. S’— d’un poste; to make sure of a position.

assureur, n.m., underwriter, insurer, assurer.

assyrien, -ne, adj., n., Assyrian.

astéisme, n.m., (rhet.) asteism, irony.

☉astelle, n.f., (surg.) splint, bolster. V. attelle.

aster, n.m., (bot.) star-wort, aster.

astérie, n.f., asteria, star-stone; star-fish.

astérisme, n.m., (astron.) asterism.

astérisque, n.m., asterisk.

astéroïde, n.m., asteroid.

asthénie, n.f., (med.) debility, asthenia.

asthmatique (as-ma-tik), adj., asthmatical.

asthme (as-m), n.m., asthma.

astic, n.m., glazing-stick, polisher.

asticot, n.m., gentle, maggot, worm.

asticoter, v.a., to plague; to tease, to vex. Il est toujours à m’—; he is always plaguing me.

astiquer, v.a., to polish, to glaze; to clean up, to dress up.

astracan, n.m., astrakhan (fur).

astragale, n.m., (arch., bot.) astragal; (anat.) astragalus, talus, ankle-bone; (gilding, paint.) fillet; milk-vetch, wild liquorice.

astral, -e, adj., astral, starry.

astre, n.m., star, fixed star, luminary. —s errants; wandering stars. Cette femme est belle comme un —; this woman is quite a paragon of beauty.

astrée, n.f., (astron.) Astrea; (zoöl.) astrea.

astreindre (astreignant, astreint), v.a., to force, to compel; to subject; to bind down, to oblige.

s’astreindre, v.r., to confine one’s self, to tie one’s self down, to anything.

astriction, n.f., (med.) astriction.

astringence, n.f., astringency.

astringent, -e, adj., astringent.

astringent, n.m., astringent.

astroïte, n.f., astroit.

astrolabe, n.m., (astron.) astrolabe.

astrolâtre, n.m., star-worshiper.

astrolâtrie, n.f., astrolatry.

astrolâtrique, adj., star-worshiping.

astrologie, n.f., astrology.

astrologique, adj., astrological.

astrologue (-log), n.m., astrologer.

astronome, n.m., astronomer.

astronomie, n.f., astronomy.

astronomique, adj., astronomical, astronomic.

astronomiquement (-mān), adv., astronomically.

astuce, n.f., craft, guile, wile, cunning.

astucieusement, adv., craftily, cunningly.

astucieu-x, -se, adj., crafty, wily.

asyle. V. asile.

asymétrie, n.f., asymmetry.

asymptote, n.f., (geom.) asymptote.

asymptotique, adj., asymptotical.

asyndète, n.m., (rhet.) asyndeton.

ataraxie, n.f., ataraxy, quietude.

atavisme, n.m., atavism.

ataxie, n.f., (med.) ataxy.

ataxique, adj., (med.) ataxic, irregular.

atelier, n.m., workshop, manufactory; study; studio; office; shed; gang (workmen). Chef d’—; foreman. Tout l’— m’a quitté; all my workmen have left me. Jour d’—; best, true light.

atellanes, n.f.pl., (hist.) Atellanae.

atermoiement or atermoîment, n.m., delay of payment; composition, delay, evasion, shift.

atermoyer, v.a., to put off; to delay a payment.

atermoyer, v.n., to try to gain time; to shuffle.

s’atermoyer, v.r., to compound with one’s creditors.

athée, n.m., atheist.

athée, adj., atheistical, atheistic.

athéisme, n.m., atheism.

athénée, n.m., athenæum.

athénien, -ne, (-ni-in, -ni-è-n), adj., Athenian.

athénien, n.m., -ne, n.f., Athenian.

athérome, n.m., (med.) atheroma.

athlète, n.m., athlete; wrestler; champion.

athlètique, n.f., athletics.

athlètique, adj., athletic, athletical.

atlante, n.m., (arch.) atlantes.

atlantide, n.f., Atlantis.

atlantides, n.f.pl., (astron.) Atlantides.

atlantique, adj., Atlantic.

atlantique, n.f., Atlantic.

atlas, n.m., atlas; (anat.) atlas.

atmosphère, n.f., atmosphere.

atmosphérique, adj., atmospherical, atmospheric.

atome, n.m., atom, corpuscle.

atomique, adj., atomical, atomic.

atomisme, n.m., atomism, doctrine of atoms.

atomiste, n.m., atomist.

atomistique, adj., atomical. Théorie —; atomic theory.

atone, adj., atonic, dull, lack-lustre, fixed, staring.

atonie, n.f., (med.) atony, debility.

atonique, adj., (med.) atonic, debilitated.

atours, n.m.pl., woman’s attire, ornament, dress. Dame d’—; lady of the bedchamber. Être dans ses plus beaux —; to be dressed in all one’s finery. [Generally used in the plural.]

☉atourner, v.a., to attire, to trick out, to dress out, to bedizen.

atout, n.m., a trump; trump-card. Jouer —; to play trumps; (fam.) quietus.

atrabilaire, adj., splenetic; gloomy, morose, peevish, bilious; melancholy.

atrabile, n.f., (med), black bile, hypochondria.

âtre, n.m., fire-place, hearth, floor (of ovens).

atroce, adj., atrocious, odious, grievous, cruel, flagitious, excruciating.

atrocement (-mān), adv., atrociously, cruelly, outrageously.

atrocité, n.f., atrociousness, heinousness, grievousness; atrocity.

atrophie, n.f., (med.) atrophy.

atrophié, -e, adj., wasted, withered, atrophied, stunted.

atrophier, v.a., to waste, to wither. S’—, v.r., to waste away.

attaballe, n.m., attabal (Moorish tabor).

attablé, -e, part., seated at table.

attabler, v.a., to set to table.

s’attabler, v.r., to sit down to, to take one’s place at, table.

attachant, -e, adj., engaging, captivating, winning, interesting, attractive, pleasing.

attache, n.f., string, cord, strap, leash, tether (for dogs); band (of wood, iron); tie, fastening, rivet; attachment, inclination; consent; (anat.) attachment, stabling. Mettre un chien à l’—; to tie a dog up. Prendre des chevaux à l’—; to take in horses. Vivre sans —; to live free. Être à l’—; to be always slaving.

attaché, -e, part., fastened, fixed, attached; tied, bound; intent on, bent on. — à son opinion; wedded to one’s own opinion.

attaché, n.m., attaché (of an embassy).

attachement (-tash-mān), n.m., attachment; affection; inclination; eagerness, constant application, zeal, tie, bond; (arch.) pl., memoranda of work done. — à l’étude; fondness for study.

attacher, v.a., to fasten, to make fast, to attach, to fix, to stick, to tack; to connect, to join; to apply, to affix; to suspend, to hang; to hook, to link, to chain, to rivet; to engage, to bind, to endear, to captivate; to interest, to make attentive, to occupy. — avec une épingle; to pin. — avec une courroie; to strap. — avec un crochet; to hook. — avec de la colle de pâte; to paste. — avec de la colle forte; to glue. C’est ce qui m’attache à vous; this is what binds me to you. — du prix à quelque chose; to set a value upon something. — le grelot; to bell the cat.

s’attacher, v.r., to take hold, to hold to, to fasten on; to cling; to cleave, to stick, to keep close, to adhere; to be attached, to have an affection for, to interest one’s self in; to apply one’s self to; to gain over. La poix s’attache aux doigts; pitch sticks to the fingers. Ils s’attachèrent l’un à l’autre; they became attached to each other. Je m’attachai à lui plaire, mais en vain; I used all my efforts to please him, but in vain. S’— à remplir son devoir; to strive to fulfill one’s duty.

attaquable, adj., assailable; that may be attacked; of doubtful validity.

attaquant, n.m., assailant, aggressor.

attaque, n.f., attack, onset; assault; approach; insult, reproach; aggression; fit, stroke. Elle a eu une — de nerfs; she has had a nervous attack.

attaqué, -e, part., attacked, stricken, assaulted, set upon; provoked, urged.

attaquer, v.a., to attack, to assail, to assault, to fall or set upon one, to come upon; to sue; (man.) to spur; to impugn, to reproach, to censure; to contest the validity of a document, to sue; to begin; to provoke; (nav.) to near a cape, a coast. — quelqu’un de paroles; to insult any one. L’— sur sa naissance; to reproach him his birth. — quelqu’un de conversation; to address a person. — le taureau par les cornes; to seize the bull by the horns. Il attaque bien la note; (mus.) he strikes the note well. Il attaque bien la corde; he makes the string tell.

s’attaquer, v.r., to challenge, to defy, to set upon; to find fault with; to fall foul of any one; to fall upon, to encounter any one. Il s’est attaqué à son maître; he has encountered one who is more than his match.

attarder, v.a., to delay. V. retarder.

s’attarder, v.r., to be belated, to loiter on the way, to linger.

atteindre (atteignant, atteint), v.a., to touch, to strike, to hit, to hurt, to injure; to reach, to attain; to affect; to arrive at, to come to; to come up to, to overtake, to catch, to join; to equal. Il n’a pas atteint le but; he has not hit the mark. La balle l’atteignit au front; the ball struck him in the forehead. — son maître; to equal one’s master. — l’âge de; to attain the age of. Ce danger ne saurait m’—; this danger cannot reach me. Nous atteindrons le village avant la nuit; we shall reach the village before night. — l’ennemi; to come up with the enemy. Il a beau courir, je l’atteindrai; it is in vain for him to run, I shall overtake him. Être atteint de; to be seized with.

atteindre, v.n., to reach, to come at, to touch; to attain, to compass. Je ne saurais y —; I cannot reach it, come up to it. — au but; to hit the mark. — à la perfection; to attain to perfection.

atteint, -e, part., hit, struck; attacked, seized, affected, reached. — d’un crime; arraigned for a crime.

atteinte, n.f., blow, stroke, touch; attack, fit, seizure (of disease); injury, damage, harm, wrong; reach; outrage; (man.) overreach. Les —s du froid; the ill-effects of cold. Une légère — de goutte; a slight touch of the gout. Sa santé n’a jamais reçu d’—; his health has never received any injury. Porter — à; to injure, to impair, to commit an offense against. Subir une —; to receive a blow, an injury. Je suis hors de ses —s; I am out of his reach. Porter — à l’honneur; to sully the fair name of. Porter — aux droits de; to infringe the rights of.

attelage (-laj), n.m., team, yoke, set, pair; carriage, horses.

atteler (-lé), v.a., to put horses to; to yoke. Dites au cocher qu’il attelle; tell the coachman to put the horses to. C’est une charrette mal attelée; they are an ill-assorted couple.

attelle, n.f., hame; (surg.) splint.

attenant, -e (-nān, -t), adj., next, contiguous, adjoining.

☉attenant, prep., next to, close by.

en attendant, adv., in the mean time, in the interim, meanwhile, till then, temporarily.

en attendant que, conj., till, until. Jouons en — qu’il vienne; let us play till he comes. En — — mieux; until something better turns up.

attendre, v.a., to wait for, to stay for, to tarry for; to look forward to; to expect; to look for; to await, to attend, to be in store for. — la mort; to await death. Le dîner nous attend; the dinner is waiting for us. Nous l’attendons à dîner; we expect him to dinner. Je l’attends à tout moment; I expect him every minute. C’est là où je l’attends; there I shall have him. Attendez-moi sous l’orme; you may wait for me till doomsday. Voilà le sort qui vous attend; this is the fate in store for you. Attendez! stay! hold! Je suis las d’—; I am tired of waiting. Attendons encore un peu; let us wait a little longer. Qu’il attende; let him wait. Tout vient à point à qui sait —; patience brings all things about. Il attend que son fils revienne; he is waiting till his son returns. Attendez jusqu’à demain; wait till to-morrow. Une question n’attendait pas l’autre; question followed question.

s’attendre, v.r., to rely upon, to count upon; to trust, to trust to; to expect, to expect, to look forward to, to anticipate; to reckon upon. Se faire —; to keep people waiting. Il ne faut pas s’— à cela; we must not rely upon that. Je m’y attends; I expect it. Je ne m’attendais pas à cela; I did not expect that. Attendez-vous-y! I wish you may get it!

attendri, -e, part., moved, affected, touched.

attendrir, v.a., to make tender, to soften; to touch; to move, to affect. Cela attendrit la viande; that makes meat tender. Ses larmes m’ont attendri le cœur; his tears have softened my heart.

s’attendrir, v.r., to grow tender; to be moved, to melt, to pity, to relent, to soften. S’— sur le sort de quelqu’un; to pity the fate of any one.

attendrissant, -e, adj., moving, affecting, heart-stirring, soul-moving.

attendrissement (-mān), n.m., compassion, feeling, emotion, sensibility; relenting, tenderness.

attendu, prep., considering, on account of, in consideration of. — que; seeing that, as, whereas, in or for as much as.

attenir, v.n., to adjoin; to be contiguous.

attentat, n.m., attempt at crime; crime; attempt; criminal attempt; indecent assault; outrage; infringement, violation. — à la pudeur; upon the life of. — contre les lois; outrage upon the laws.

attentatoire, adj., (jur.) hostile, outrageous, unlawful, in contempt of.

attente, n.f., expectation, waiting; hope, expectation. Remplir, tromper, l’—; to come up to, to deceive, expectation. Pierre d’—; (arch.) toothing; (fig.) stepping-stone. Être dans l’— de; to be expecting. Ligature d’—; (surg.) temporary ligature. Salle d’—; waiting-room. (com.) Dans l’— de vous lire; awaiting the favor of a reply.

attenter, v.n., to attempt, to make an attempt. — a la vie de quelqu’un; to make an attempt upon any one’s life. — contre la liberté publique; to make an attempt against public liberty. — à ses jours; to try to take one’s own life.

attenti-f, -ve, adj., attentive, heedful, mindful, considerate; studious; diligent, careful. Être — à; to look after, to see to.

attentifs, n.m.pl., followers.

attention, n.f., attention, attentiveness, care; heed, mindfulness, carefulness, vigilance; regard, respect, consideration. Faute d’—; inadvertently. Force d’—; intentness. Avec —; attentively. Manque d’—; heedlessness. Faire une chose avec —; to do a thing with care. Faire — à; to mind. — au commandement! (milit.) attention! Faites donc —; mind what you say, what you do. N’y faites pas —! do not mind it! Regarder avec —; to look fixedly. Prêtez-y —; pay attention to it. Cela mérite —; that deserves notice. S’attirer l’— du public; to attract the notice of the public. Plein d’—; regardful, mindful. Sans —; reckless. Il a eu l’— de m’avertir; he was good enough to warn me. Il a pour moi de grandes —s; he has a great regard for me. Attention! Look out!

attentionné, -e, adj., attentive.

attentivement (-mān), adv., attentively, carefully.

atténuant, -e, adj., attenuant; (jur.) palliating, extenuating.

atténuant, n.m., (med.) attenuant.

atténuation, n.f., attenuation, weakness; extenuation, mitigation, palliation.

atténué, -e, adj., attenuated, wasted, emaciated, palliated; tapering.

atténuer, v.a., to attenuate, to weaken, to make thin; to extenuate, to mitigate, to palliate, to underrate. — un crime; to palliate a crime.

atterrage, n.m., (nav.) landing, landfall, making land.

atterrant, -e, adj., astounding, startling, overwhelming.

atterrer, v.a., to throw or strike down, to bring to the ground; to overthrow; to destroy, to demolish, to ruin; to subvert; to deject, to cast down; to astound, to overwhelm.

atterrer, v.n., (nav.) to make land.

atterrir, v.n., (nav.) to land, to make land.

atterrissage, n.m., landing, making land.

atterrissement (-ĕr-ris-mān), n.m., alluvion, accretion, alluvium.

attestation, n.f., attestation, certificate, voucher, oath, affidavit.

attester, v.a., to attest, to certify, to vouch, to witness, to swear, to testify, to call, to take to witness. J’en atteste le ciel; I call heaven to witness. J’en atteste les dieux; witness, ye gods.

atticisme, n.m., Atticism.

atticiste, n.m., Atticist.

attiédir, v.n., to make lukewarm, to cool, to abate. Le temps attiedira leur zèle; time will cool their ardor.

s’attiédir, v.n., to cool, to grow cool, lukewarm, to become cool.

attiédissement (-mān), n.m., lukewarmness, coolness; abatement.

attifement, n.m., toggery, rig-out.

attifer, v.a., to dress out; to bedizen.

s’attifer, v.r., to dress oneself out, to rig oneself out.

attifet, n.m., ornament, trinket.

attique (at-tik), adj., Attic; (arch.) attic. Goût —; Attic taste. Sel —; Attic salt, Attic wit.

attique, n.m., Attic; (arch.) attic, attic story.

attiquement, adv., (gram.) after the Attic dialect.

*attirail, n.m.sing., apparatus, implements, utensils, tire, gear, furniture, tackle, baggage, train, equipage, paraphernalia; show, pomp. L’— d’une imprimerie; the materials and implements of a printing-office. L’— d’une cuisine; kitchen apparatus and utensils.

attirant, -e, adj., attractive, alluring, enticing, engaging.

attirer, v.a., to attract, to draw; to incite; to bring over, to win over, to gain over; to lure, to wheedle, to entice, to bring upon, to inspire. L’aimant attire le fer; the loadstone attracts iron. — par des caresses; to wheedle by caresses. — l’ennemi dans une embuscade; to draw the enemy into an ambuscade. — les yeux, les regards de tout le monde; to attract the eyes of all the world. Un malheur en attire un autre; one misfortune seldom comes alone.

s’attirer, v.r., to draw down upon one, to draw or bring upon oneself; to incur, to run into, to get into, to attract; to win, to gain, to get. — l’attention du public; to attract the notice of the public. — des affaires; to get one’s self into scrapes.

attiser, v.a., to make up (the fire), to stir up; to poke; (fig.) to incense, to stir up. — le feu; to fan the flame.

attisoir or attisonnoir, n.m., (in foundries), poker.

attitrer, v.a., (seldom used but in the past participle) to appoint, to recognize; to bribe. Juges attitrés; appointed judges. Marchand attitré; the shopkeeper one usually deals with. Témoins attitrés; bribed witnesses.

attitude, n.f., attitude, (paint.) posture.

attouchement (-toosh-mān), n.m., touch, feeling, contact.

attract-eur, -rice, adj., attractile.

attracti-f, -ve, adj., attractive.

attraction, n.f., attraction.

attraire, v.a., to allure, to entice.

attrait, n.m., allurement, attraction, charm; (rel.) comfort. La beauté est un puissant —; beauty is a powerful charm.

attrape, n.f., bite, trick, take-in, sell, hoax.

attrape, n.m. — nigaud; fool-trap. — mouche; catch-fly. C’est un — tout; he is a grabber.

attrape-lourdaud, n.m., (—, or —-—s) clap-trap; catch-penny.

attrape-parterre, n.m., (—, or —-—s) (l.u.) clap-trap for the pit, clap-trap.

attraper, v.a., to entrap, to ensnare, to trap; to take in, to catch; to overreach; to cheat, to trick; to overtake; to get, to secure; to receive; to compass; to take, to surprise; to hit, to reach; to seize. — un renard dans un piège; to entrap a fox. Prenez garde à vous, il vous attrapera; look to yourself, he’ll take you in. Il en a attrapé de plus fins que vous; he has taken in more cunning people than you are. Attrape qui peut; scramble for it. Attrapé! caught! Il a attrapé un bon bénéfice; he has got a good living. — un rhume; to catch a cold. — un coup; to get a blow. — quelqu’un sur le fait; to catch any one in the act. La pierre l’a attrapé à la tempe; the stone hit him on the temple. — le sens, la pensée, d’un auteur; to catch the sense, to hit upon the meaning of an author. — un caractère; to hit off a character. — la ressemblance; to hit off the likeness. Attrape! take that!

s’attraper, v.r., to be caught; (man.) to clip.

attrapeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., deceiver, deluder, cheat, trickster.

attrapoire, n.f., trap, pit-fall, snare; wile, trick.

attrayant, -e, adj., attractive, inviting, winning, engaging, charming.

attribuer, v.a., to attach, to annex; to attribute, to ascribe, to impute (a thing to any one); to assign, to confer. — des privilèges à une charge; to assign; to attach privileges to an office.

s’attribuer, v.r., to assume, to take upon one’s self, to arrogate to one’s self; to claim. Il s’attribue de grands droits; he claims extensive rights.

attribut, n.m., attribute, prerogative; (log.) predicate, attribute, quality; symbol, emblem.

attributi-f, -ve, adj., attributive; (law) relative.

attribution, n.f., conferring; privilege, prerogative; pl., powers; province, department. (law) cognizance, competence. Lettres d’—; patents conferring power (to act).

attristant, -e, adj., sad, sorrowful, melancholy, grievous.

attrister, v.a., to grieve, to afflict, to trouble, to cast down, to throw a gloom over. Cette nouvelle l’attriste; that piece of news grieves him.

s’attrister, v.r., to grieve, to yield to sorrow; to be sad, to become sorrowful.

attrition, n.f., (theol.) attrition; (phys.) attrition, friction.

attroupement (-troop-mān), n.m., gathering, riotous assemblage, mob, rabble. Loi contre les —s; Riot Act.

attrouper, v.a., to assemble, to gather together. Il attroupa toute la canaille; he gathered all the rabble together.

s’attrouper, v.r., to flock together, to gather in crowds, to get together tumultuously. Défense de s’—; no gatherings allowed.

au, contraction of à le, to the. Céder au torrent; to give way to the torrent. Sauce — vin blanc; wine-sauce.

aubade, n.f., morning serenade; reproof, abuse, lecture. Il en a eu l’—; he was reproved for it.

☉aubain, n.m., alien, foreigner.

aubainage, n.m., escheatage.

aubaine, n.f., (jur.) aubaine, escheat, escheatage; windfall, piece of good luck.

aube, n.f., the dawn; alb (priest’s garment); (hydr.) float-board; float; paddle-board (of steamers). L’— du jour; the break of day. —s de moulin; flat-boards of a mill. Roue à —s; paddle-wheel. — mobile; feathering paddle.

aubépine, n.f., hawthorn, whitethorn, may.

aubère, adj., (man.) flea-bitten gray. Cheval —; flea-bitten gray horse.

auberge, n.f., inn, public-house, tavern.

aubergine. V. melongène.

aubergiste, n.m., innkeeper, publican, landlord, host.

auberon, n.m., catch (of a lock).

auberonnière, n.f., clasp (of a lock).

*aube-vigne, n.f., (bot.) virgin’s-bower, traveler’s joy.

aubier, n.m., (bot.) sap-wood, alburnum.

aubifoin, n.m., (bot.) bluebottle, corn-flower.

aubin, n.m., (man.) canter, hand-gallop.

aubiner, v.n., (man.) to canter; (hort.) to earth; (of vines) to layer.

aubour, n.m., (bot.) laburnum.

aucun, -e, adj., any; (negative) none, no one; not any; no. Je ne connais — de vos juges; I know none of your judges. — ne le dira; no one will say so. Je doute qu’— de vous le fasse; I doubt whether any of you will do it. Il n’y a — de ses sujets qui ne mourût pour lui; there is not one of his subjects who would not die for him. De tous ceux qui se disaient mes amis, — m’a-t-il secouru? did any of all those who called themselves my friends assist me? Je vous le cède sans bénéfice —; I let you have it without any profit whatever. Il n’a fait —es dispositions; he has made no arrangements. Sans —s frais; without any expense.

aucunement (-mān), adv., in no wise, not at all, not in the least. Je ne le connais —; I do not know him at all. —, Monsieur; not in the least, Sir.

audace, n.f., audacity, insolence, assurance, daring, boldness. Avec —; insolently. Payer d’—; to brazen it out.

audacieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., audaciously, daringly, boldly.

audacieu-x, -se, adj., audacious, daring; impudent, insolent; presumptuous, bold; high-spirited, enterprising. Génie —; daring genius. Entreprise —se; bold enterprise.

☉au deçà (ô-dsa), prep. V. deçà.

au delà (ô-dla), prep., on the other side, beyond. V. delà.

audience, n.f., audience, auditory; court, sitting, hearing; hall (where causes are heard); levee. Jour d’—; court day. Ouvrir l’—; to open the court. — publique; open court. — à huis clos; a sitting with closed doors, a case heard in camerâ. En pleine —; in open court. L’— est levée; the sitting is raised. On le mit hors de l’—; he was turned out of the court. L’— est reprise; the case is resumed. Donner —; (of a minister) to hold a levee, to give audience. Tenir l’—; (of a judge) to sit, to preside.

audiencier, adj.m. Huissier —; crier of a court.

audiencier, n.m., usher, crier of a court.

auditeur, n.m., auditor, auditress, hearer; auditor (of accounts).

auditi-f, -ve, adj. auditory. Conduit — externe; cavity of the ear.

audition, n.f., (jur.) hearing, audit, auditing. L’— des témoins; the hearing of the witnesses.

auditoire, n.m., congregation (in a church); audience (theatre, &c.); auditory, bar, court.

auge, n.f., trough; a plasterer’s hod; spout (of a water-mill). — à goudron; (nav.) tar-bucket. — d’écurie; manger.

augée, n.f., hodful, troughful.

augelot (ôj-lo), n.m., little ditch; small trough, ladle.

auger, v.a., (tech.) to hollow out.

auget, n.m., seed-box, drawer (of a bird-cage); spout (of a mill-hopper); small trough; bucket (of a water-wheel); trough.

augment, n.m., (gram.) augment; (med.) increase, jointure, dowry.

augmentateur, n.m., augmenter; (adj.) augmenting.

augmentati-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) augmentative.

augmentation, n.f., augmentation, increase, enlargement, addition; (com.) rise (in salary).

augmenté, -e, part., augmented, increased. Un livre revu, corrigé et —; a book revised, corrected, and augmented.

augmenter, v.a., to augment, to increase, to enlarge, to add to, to raise the salary of; (com.) to raise. Il a augmenté sa maison; he has enlarged his house. — le prix; to raise the price. Je vais — mon commis; I am about to increase my clerk’s salary.

augmenter, v.n., to augment, to increase, to grow, to rise (in price), to multiply. Le sucre a augmenté de prix; sugar has risen in price.

s’augmenter, v.r., to increase, to enlarge, to better, to improve.

augural, -e, adj., augural, augurial.

augure, n.m., augury; omen, token; augur, soothsayer. Un bon, un mauvais —; a good, bad omen. De mauvais —; ominous, portentous, ill-boding. Funeste —; ill-boding omen. Un oiseau de mauvais —; a bird of ill-omen.

augurer, v.a., to augur; to conjecture, to surmise. Qu’en pouvez-vous —? what can you augur from it? Je n’en augure rien de bon; I foresee no good result.

auguste, adj., august, sacred, venerable.

augustement, adv., (l.u.) in an august manner.

augustin, -e, n.m.f., Austin friar, or nun. Saint —; (print.) English.

aujourd’hui, adv., to-day, this day; nowadays, now, at present. D’— en huit; this day week. D’— en quinze; this day fortnight. Dès —; from to-day, henceforth. — il y a huit, quinze, jours; it is a week, a fortnight, ago. La mode d’—; the present fashion. Les hommes d’—; the men of the present day. Ce n’est pas d’— que nous nous connaissons; we are no new acquaintances.

aulique, adj., aulic.

aulique, n.f., thesis.

aulnaie, aulne, aulnée. V. aunaie, aune, aunée.

auloffée, n.f., (nav.) luff.

aulx (ô), pl. of ail.

aumailles, adj. Bêtes —; horned cattle.

aumône, n.f., alms, alms-giving, charity, gift, dole. Faire l’—; to give alms. Demander l’—; to beg. Vivre d’—; to live upon alms. Être réduit à l’—; to be reduced to beggary. Faites moi l’— d’un regard; bestow but one look upon me. Qui vit d’—s, meurt de faim; beg and starve.

☉aumônée, n.f., sum given to hospitals.

☉aumôner, v.a., to pay a fine to the poor.

aumônerie, n.f., almonry, chaplaincy.

aumônier, n.m., almoner, chaplain, ordinary.

aumônière, n.f., alms-box, alms-purse; almoner (nun).

aumôni-er, -ère, adj., charitable, lavish of alms.

aumusse or aumuce, n.f., amess, hood (priest’s garment).

aunage, n.m., alnage, ell-measure.

aunaie, n.f., an alder-plot, grove of alders.

☉aune, n.f., ell; (fig.) measure, standard. Acheter à l’—; to buy by the ell. Mesurer les autres à son —; to measure another man’s peck by one’s own bushel. Les hommes ne se mesurent pas à l’—; one must not judge of a man’s merit by his stature. Il sait ce qu’en vaut l’—; he knows it to his cost, by experience. En avoir tout du long de l’—; to get it with a vengeance.

aune, n.m., alder-tree.

aunée or aulnée, n.f., (bot.) elecampane.

auner, v.a., to measure; to judge of, to value.

auneur, n.m., alnager, measurer.

auparavant, adv., before, first; heretofore, previously; ere now. Longtemps —; a long time before.

auprès, prep., near, by; close to; close by; near to; with, in, over; to, in comparison with. Sa maison est — de la mienne; his house is close to mine. Être — d’un seigneur; to live with a nobleman. Excusez-le — de son père; excuse him to his father. Il cherche à me nuire — de vous; he endeavors to lower me in your esteem. Être bien — de quelqu’un; to be in anybody’s good books. Elle peut tout — de lui; she can do anything with him. Votre mal n’est rien — du sien; your distress is nothing to his. Vivre — de ses parents; to live with one’s parents.

auprès, adv., by, hard by, close to.

aurate, n.m., (chem.) aurate.

auréole, n.f., glory, halo, nimbus, crown of glory; (paint.) aureola; (anat.) areola.

auriculaire, adj., auricular. Témoin —; ear-witness. Le doigt —; the little finger.

auriculaire, n.m., the little finger.

auricule, n.f., auricle, external ear; (bot.) bear’s ear, auricula.

auriculé, -e, adj., (bot.) auriculate, eared.

aurifère, adj., auriferous.

aurifier, v.a., to stop (teeth) with gold.

aurillard. V. orillard.

aurique, adj., shoulder-of-mutton shaped. Voiles —s; lateen sails.

aurochs (oroks), n.m., (mam.) urus, wild bull.

aurone, n.f., abrotanum, southern-wood.

aurore, n.f., dawn, morning, morn, day-dawn, day; East; gold color; (myth., astron.) Aurora. À l’—; at daybreak. Avant l’—; before dawn. L’— commençait à poindre; day was beginning to dawn. L’— aux doigts de rose; rosy-fingered morn. Du couchant à l’—; from west to east. — boréale; aurora borealis.

auscultation, n.f., (med.) auscultation.

ausculter, v.a., (med.) to auscultate.

auspice, n.m., auspice, omen, presage. Heureux —s; a good omen, auspices.

aussi, adv., too, also, likewise; besides, therefore, moreover; accordingly; so; as much; as. Vous le voulez, et moi —; you will have it so, and I too. Donnez-m’en —; give me some too. Il est — sage que vaillant; he is as prudent as courageous. Il est — sot que son ami; he is as much a fool as his friend.

aussi, conj., therefore, but then. Ces dentelles sont belles, — coûtent-elles beaucoup; these laces are fine, but then they are dear. — bien; for, and the more so as; as well. Je ne veux point y aller, — bien est-il trop tard; I won’t go there, the more so as it is too late. Je n’ai que faire de l’en prier, — bien ne m’écouterait-il pas; it would be in vain for me to entreat him, inasmuch as he would not listen to me. Je sais cela — bien que vous; I know that as well as you. — peu que; as little as, as few as.

aussière or haussière, n.f., (nav.) hawser, small cable, warp.

aussitôt, adv., immediately, directly, as soon as, forthwith. — après votre départ; immediately after your departure. — dit, — fait; no sooner said than done. — que; as soon as, whenever. — qu’il viendra; as soon as he comes.

auster (os-tèr), n.m., auster, south-wind.

austère, adj., austere, severe, stern, grave; harsh, sharp (to the taste).

austèrement (-mān), adv., austerely, severely, rigidly.

austérité, n.f., austerity; severity, sternness; strictness.

austral, -e, adj., austral.

autan, n.m., (poet.) south wind, storm, blast. Braver les —s; to face the storm.

autant, adv., as much, as many; so much, so many; as far, as long. Ce vase contient — que l’autre; this vase contains as much as the other. Il y avait — d’hommes que de femmes; there were as many men as women. Travaillez — que vous pourrez; work as much as you can. Je l’ai vendu tout —; I sold it for quite as much. Une fois —; as much again. — que jamais; as much as ever. — l’esclavage me répugne, — la liberté m’effraie; liberty alarms me as much as slavery is repugnant to me. — de têtes, — d’opinions; so many men, so many minds. Cela est fini, ou — vaut; that is as good as done. — en emporte le vent; all that is idle talk. Boire d’—; to drink a great deal. À la charge d’—; on condition of a return. — ne pas y aller du tout; might as well not go at all. — que; as, as far as. — que j’en puis juger; as far as I can conjecture. — dire; you might as well say.

d’autant mieux or d’autant plus (adverb. phrase), the more so, so much the more so, the rather, especially. Je l’estime d’autant plus qu’il est pauvre; I esteem him the more because he is poor. Je l’en aime d’autant mieux; I love her all the more for it.

d’autant moins (adverb. phrase), the less, so much the less. Il en est d’autant moins à craindre; he is all the less to be feared.

d’autant que, conj., seeing that, more especially as.

autel, n.m., altar; (astron.) ara. Le Sacrement de l’—; the host; the holy Sacrament, Eucharist. Les —s; religion. Grand, maître, —; high altar. Nappe d’—; altar cloth. Tableau d’—; altar-piece. Il mérite qu’on lui élève des —s; he deserves the greatest honors. Il en prendrait sur l’—; he would rob a church. Qui sert à l’— doit vivre de l’—; every man must live by his profession.

auteur, n.m., author, authoress; inventor, maker, cause, source, contriver, framer; writer; perpetrator; achiever; artist, engraver, composer, sculptor; owner; informant, authority. Dieu est l’— de toutes choses; God is the author of all things. L’— d’un projet; the framer of a project. L’— d’un procédé; the inventor of a process. C’est elle qui est l’— de ce livre; she is the author of that book. Se faire —; to turn author. Nommez votre —; name your informant, authority. Droit d’—; copyright.

authenticité, n.f., authenticity, genuineness.

authentique, adj., original; authentic, genuine.

authentique, n.f., authentics.

authentiquement (-mān), adv., authentically.

authentiquer, v.a., (jur.) to sign and seal, to authenticate.

autobiographe, n.m., autobiographer.

autobiographie, n.f., autobiography.

autobus, n.m., motor omnibus.

autochtone (-tok-to-n), n.m., (antiq.) autochthon; (adj.) autochthonous.

autoclave, adj., self-regulating; n.m., steaming-pan.

autocrate, n.m., autocrat.

autocratie (-cî), n.f., autocracy.

autocratique, adj., autocratical.

autodafé, n.m., (—s) auto-da-fé.

autographe, n.m., autograph.

☉autographe, adj., autographic, autographical.

autographie, n.f., autography.

autographier, v.a., to autograph.

autographique, adj., autographic.

automate, n.m., automaton.

automatique, adj., automatic, automatical.

automédon, n.m., charioteer, Jehu, driver, cabby.

automnal, -e (-tom-nal), adj., autumnal.

automne (-to-n), n.m.f., autumn; fall of the leaf; fall (of the year).

automot-eur, -rice, adj., self-acting, self-moving, self-propelling.

automobile, n.m., motor-car.

autonome, adj., autonomous.

autonomie, n.f., autonomy, self-government.

autopsie, n.f., post-mortem examination, autopsy, inquest.

autorisation, n.f., authorization; authority, permission; license (of a preacher); warrant; consent.

autoriser, v.a., to authorise, to empower, to commission, to qualify; to allow by authority, to legalize, to license, to warrant.

s’autoriser, v.r., to get or gain or assume authority, to think one’s self warranted (by), to act on the authority of.

autorité, n.f., authority, legal power, rule, command, sway; credit, power, sanction, interest, weight, consideration. Avoir de l’— sur; to have power over. Être en —; to be invested with authority. Il l’a fait de son — privée; he did it on his own initiative. Alléguer, apporter des —s; to quote or cite authorities. Faire —; to be an authority.

autour, n.m., goshawk.

autour, prep., about, round, around. — de sa personne; about his person. — du bras; round the arm. Tourner — du pot; to beat about the bush.

autour, adv., about, round, round about. Il regardait tout —; he looked all about. Ici —; hereabouts.

autourserie, n.f., goshawk training.

autoursier, n.m., goshawk trainer, falconer.

autre, adj., other, different, else, second, another. L’— jour; the other day. Une — fois; another time. Tout —; quite different. Aucun —; no one else. Vous —s; you people, fellows. Nous —; the like of us. Encore un —; another, one more. Il le regarde comme un — lui même; he looks upon him as a second self.

autre, pron., another, other, else. Nul — n’y aurait consenti; nobody else would have consented to it. Un — le fera; another will do it. Tout — l’aurait fait; any other would have done it. Les uns se plaisent à une chose, les —s à une —; some delight in one thing and some in another. L’un l’—; one another, each other. L’un et l’—; both. L’un ou l’—; either. Ni l’un ni l’—; neither. L’un et l’— vous ont obligé; both have obliged you. Les uns et les —s; all. Ni l’un ni l’— ne valent rien; both are good for nothing. À l’un ou à l’—; to either. Ni pour l’un ni pour l’—; for neither. On les a payés l’un et l’—; both have been paid. À l’envi l’un de l’—; in emulation of one another. Entre —s; among other people or among other things. De côté et d’—; up and down. De part et d’—; on both sides, on all sides. C’est un — homme; he is no more the same man. Il ne fait — chose que jouer; he does nothing but play. C’est — chose; it is quite another thing. C’est une — paire de manches; that’s a horse of another color. Nous —s Français, nous mangeons beaucoup de pain; we French people eat a great deal of bread. Causer de choses et d’—s; to talk of different things. Il dit d’une façon et il fait d’une —; he says one thing and does another. L’un vaut l’—; they are much of a muchness; or one is as bad as the other. Comme dit l’—; as somebody says; as the saying is. Il n’en fait point d’—s; he does nothing else, these are his pranks. L’un dans l’—, l’un portant l’—; one with another; on an average. Il en sait bien d’—s; he knows a trick worth two of that. J’en ai vu bien d’—s; I have outlived worse things than that. À d’—s! pshaw! I know better, you must not tell that to me, tell it to the marines.

autrefois, adv., formerly, in former times; of old.

autrement, adv., otherwise; after another manner, another way; else; or else. Faisons —; let us go to work another way. Entrez, — je fermerai la porte; come in, or else I’ll shut the door. C’est un homme qui n’est pas — riche; he is a man who is not over rich.

autrichien, -ne, adj., n.m.f., Austrian.

autruche, n.f., (orni.) ostrich. Avoir un estomac d’—; to have the stomach of an ostrich; to digest anything.

autrui, n.m., pron., others, other people. Dépendre d’—; to depend on others. Faire à — ce que nous voudrions qu’on nous fît; to do by others as we would be done by. Le bien d’—; another’s property. Mal d’— n’est que songe; we make light of the ills of others.

auvent, n.m., shed, penthouse, lean-to.

auvernat, n.m., Orléans wine.

aux (pl. of au), art., to the. V. à.

auxdits, auxdites, adj.m.f.pl., to the said.

auxiliaire, adj., auxiliary, subsidiary. Verbe —; auxiliary verb.

auxiliaire, n.m., auxiliary; helper, assistant.

s’avachir, v.r., to flag; to grow fat and flabby; to get out of shape, to run down at heel.

aval, adv., down, downwards, down stream. Le vent vient d’—; the wind is blowing up stream. En — de; below. Vent d’—; westerly wind.

aval, n.m., (com.) guarantee, indorsement. Mettez votre — au dos de ce billet; indorse that bill.

avalaison, n.f., flood, torrent; (nav.) a long-continued west or northwest wind.

avalanche, n.f., avalanche, snow-slip.

avalasse, n.f. V. avalaison.

avalé, -e, part., flagging, hanging down; sunk, fallen in; gone down stream.

avaler, v.a., to swallow, to swallow down; to let down; to endure, to pocket (affront); to lower (things into a cellar); to drink, to toss off; (gard.) to lop; to gulp down. — un affront; to pocket an insult. Il ne fait que tordre et —; he gobbles up everything. — du vin dans une cave; to let wine down into a cellar. — une branche; to lop off a branch close to the trunk. — des couleuvres; to pocket many affronts.

avaler, v.n., to go down, drop off (the river with the stream).

s’avaler, v.r., to flag, to hang down, to fall down or in; to be swallowed.

avalette, n.f., a sort of float (angling).

avaleur, n.m., swallower, glutton. — de pois gris; a great glutton. — de charrettes ferrées; a braggadocio.

avaloire, n.f., a large throat or swallow; (saddlery) breeching; (hat making) stamper.

avançage, n.m., cab stand, stand.

avance, n.f., advance, start, distance in advance; projection, prominence; advance-money; first step, offer; gain, benefit. Il a quatre lieues d’— sur moi; he is four leagues ahead of me. Faire une — de mille écus; to advance a thousand crowns. Faire les —s d’une entreprise; to advance the funds for an enterprise. Faire des —s; to make advances to. Prendre l’—; to get the start. D’—; beforehand. Payer d’—; to pay beforehand. Prévenir d’—; to warn beforehand. À l’—, en —, par —; beforehand, before one’s time, by anticipation.

avancé, -e, part., advanced; forward, early; late (of the hour). Un homme — en âge; an elderly man. Un jeune homme fort —; a very forward youth. Les arbres sont —s; the trees are forward. Je n’en suis pas plus —; I am not a bit the better off for it. Viande —e; meat which is getting bad. Me voilà bien —! that’s all I get for my pains; I am in a pretty predicament.

avancée, n.f., (milit.) advance guard.

avancement (-mān), n.m., progress, advancement; improvement; preferment, promotion, rise.

avancer, v.a., to advance, to bring, to put forward; to hold out, to stretch out, to set forward; to bring nearer; to hasten; to forward; to pay beforehand; to lay out or down; to assert, to bring forth, to urge; to hold forth; to promote, to put on (a clock); to broach, to bring forward (opinion); to give (a chair). Avancez la table; push the table forward. — le pied; to put one’s foot forward. Faire —; to push, to push on. Cela a avancé sa mort; that hastened his death. — l’horloge; to put the clock on. — le dîner; to hasten dinner. — un ouvrage; to forward a piece of work. Il lui a avancé de l’argent; he has advanced him some money. — les intérêts de quelqu’un; to promote any one’s interests. Pouvez-vous prouver ce que vous avancez? can you prove your assertion? On l’a avancé; he has been promoted.

avancer, v.n., to advance, to get on, to proceed, to march on, to move forward, to keep on, to go too fast; to come out; to jut out; to lean over, to bear out; to encroach; to improve, to make some progress; to thrive; to rise. Avancez-donc! come along! L’horloge avance; the clock is fast. Cette maison avance trop sur la rue; that house juts out too much into the street. — en âge; to advance in years. Faire — une voiture; to call a cab. Cela m’— bien! what good is that to me?

s’avancer, v.r., to advance, to go on, to move forward; to stand forth; to draw near, to come up; to get on, to improve; to get preferred, to be successful; to go far; to jut out, to project. Cet ambassadeur s’est trop avancé; that ambassador has gone too far. Le temps s’avance; time flies. S’— à cheval; to ride up. S’— en voiture; to drive up. S’— à la voile; to sail up. S’— en courant; to run up.

avanceur, n.m., gold-wire drawer.

avanie, n.f., insult, affront, outrage.

avant, n.m., (nav.) prow, head, bow of a ship. De l’— à l’arrière; from stem to stern. Gagner l’— de; to get ahead of, to get a headway (on a ship).

avant, prep., (of time and order) before. J’ai vu cela — vous; I saw that before you. — toutes choses; above all things. — tout; first of all, before all.

avant, adv., far, deep, forward, far advanced. D’—; before. En —! forward! march on! En — de; before, in front of. Mettre en —; to bring forward. N’allez pas si —; don’t go so far. Creuser fort — dans la terre; to dig very deep in the ground. Plus —; further, deeper. Bien — dans la nuit; very late at night. Nous étions bien — en mer; we had got a great way out to sea. Aller de l’—; (nav.) to go ahead.

avant que, conj., before. — qu’il soit un an; before a year is over.

avantage, n.m., advantage, vantage-ground, pleasure; benefit, profit, interest; behalf, behoof; (nav.) weather-gauge; (man.) whip-hand; odds (at play). Avoir l’— sur; to have the advantage over. Avoir l’—; to win, to prevail. On lui a fait tous les — possibles; they gave him every possible advantage. Quel — vous en revient-il? what benefit do you reap from it? On peut dire ceci à son —; this may be said in his favor. Nos troupes ont eu l’—; our troop have had the best of it. Tirer — de tout; to turn everything to account. J’ai perdu, vous avez l’—; I have lost, you have the better of the game. S’habiller à son —; to dress to the best advantage.

avantager, v.a., to advantage; to bestow an advantage on; to favor. La nature l’avait avantagé de beaucoup de qualités précieuses; nature had endowed him with many inestimable qualities.

avantageusement, (-mān), adv., advantageously, to advantage; usefully; beneficially, favorably; highly. S’habiller —; to dress to the best advantage. Parler — de quelqu’un; to speak highly of any one.

avantageu-x, -se, adj., advantageous, profitable, beneficial, eligible; conceited, presuming; overbearing; (of dress) becoming. Conditions —ses; advantageous terms. Coiffure —se; a becoming way of dressing the hair. Un ton —; a confident, assuming tone. C’est un homme —; he is a conceited fellow, vain, presuming.

avant-bec, n.m., (—-—s) (arch.) starling of a bridge, pier, ice-breaker, cutwater.

avant-bras, n.m., (—) fore-arm.

avant-corps, n.m., (—) (arch.) fore-part.

avant-cour, n.f., (—-—s) fore-court.

avant-coureur, n.m., (—-—s) (mil.) van-courier, forerunner, precursor; harbinger.

avant-courri-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., (—-—s) forerunner, harbinger.

avant-derni-er, -ère, adj. and n., (—-—s) the last but one. L’—e syllabe; the penultimate.

avant-faire-droit, n.m., (—) preventive injunction.

avant-fossé, n.m., (—-—s) (fortif.) advance-fosse.

avant-garde, n.f., (—-—s) vanguard; (nav.) van.

avant-goût, n.m., (—-—s) foretaste, earnest, anticipation.

avant-hier (-ti-ère), adv., the day before yesterday.

avant-jour, n.m., (n.p.) morning-twilight.

avant-main, n.m., (—-—s) (man.) fore-hand of a horse; (tennis) fore-hand stroke; (at cards) lead.

☉avant-midi, n.m., (—) forenoon.

avant-mur, n.m., (—-—s) outward wall, screen-wall.

avant-pêche, n.f., (—-—s) early peach.

avant-pied, n.m., (—-—s) vamp, upper-leather of a boot.

☉avant-plancher, n.m., (—-—s) false-ceiling.

avant-poignet, n.m., (—-—s) fore-wrist.

avant-port, n.m., (—-—s) (nav.) outer harbor, tide-dock.

avant-portail, n.m., (—-—s) fore-portal.

avant-poste, n.m., (—-—s) (milit.) out-post.

avant-propos, n.m., (—) preface, preamble; introduction, exordium.

avant-quart, n.m., (—-—s) (horl.) warning-bell.

avant-scène, n.f., (—-—s) front of the stage; proscenium, stage-box.

avant-toit, n.m., (—-—s) fore-roof, projecting roof, eaves.

avant-train, n.m., (—-—s) fore-carriage, limber.

*avant-veille, n.f., (—-—s) two days before.

avare, adj., avaricious, miserly, covetous; stingy, close-fisted, sparing; penurious, niggardly. Être — de ses louanges; to be sparing of praise. À père — enfant prodigue; a miserly father has a spendthrift son.

avare, n.m., miser, niggard; pinch-penny.

avarement, adv., avariciously.

avarice, n.f., avarice, avariciousness, covetousness; niggardliness; stinginess. Par —; from avarice.

avaricieu-x, -se, adj., (l.u.) avaricious, covetous; stingy.

avarie, n.f., damage (done in conveying goods); (com.) damage, loss, repairs. —s communes; (com.) general average. Menues —s; small averages. —s simples; ordinary damage. Sans —; without mishap. Causer une —; to damage. Régler les —s; to state the averages.

avarié, -e, adj., damaged.

avarier, v.a., to damage. S’—, v.r., to become damaged.

avaste, int., (nav.) avast, stop, stay.

à vau-l’eau, adv., with the stream, downstream. Toutes son entreprises sont allées —; all his undertakings have come to nought.

à vau-de-route, adv., in flight.

avé, n.m., (—) ave. — Maria; ave Maria.

avec, prep., with, together with; among. Venez — moi; come with me. — dessein; designedly. — tout cela; for all that, nevertheless. Il a pris mon manteau, et s’en est allé —; he has taken my cloak, and has gone off with it. Discerner le bien d’— le mal; to discern good from evil, — ça! (coll.) nonsense!

avecque, prep., obsolete spelling of avec.

aveindre (aveignant, aveint), v.a., to take out, to fetch out.

aveine, n.f. V. avoine.

avelanède, n.f., acorn-cup, valonia.

aveline, n.f., filbert, cob-nut.

avelinier, n.m., filbert-tree.

avénage, n.m., avenage (due, paid in oats).

avenant, part. V. advenant.

avenant, -e, adj., good-looking, prepossessing, comely, pleasing, taking. Physionomie —e; pleasing features. Manières —es; prepossessing, engaging manners. n., declaration of altered policy (insurance).

à l’avenant, adv., appropriate; in keeping with. Le dessert fut à l’— du repas; the dessert was in keeping with the repast. Et tout à l’—; and all corresponding, matching.

avènement (-mān), n.m., coming, accession, succession, advent. L’— du roi à la couronne; the king’s accession to the crown. L’— du Messie; the coming of the Messiah.

avèneron, n.m., wild oats.

avenir, n.m., the future, futurity, existence, future welfare, hopes, prospects; (jur.) venire facias. À l’—; in future. On ne peut répondre de l’—; one cannot answer for the future. J’assure un — à mes enfants; I secure a competence for my children. Cet homme n’a aucun —; that man has no prospects. D’—, or qui a de l’—; promising, rising.

☉avenir, v.n. V. advenir.

à-venir, n.m. (—), (jur.) summons to an attorney to appear for his client.

avent, n.m., Advent.

aventure, n.f., adventure, occurrence; chance, accident, luck; fate, lot. À l’—; at a venture, at random. Une plaisante —; a droll adventure. Grosse —; (com.) bottomry. Dire la bonne —; to tell people’s fortunes. Se faire dire sa bonne —; to have one’s fortune told. Une diseuse de bonne —; a fortune-teller. Tenter l’—; to make a trial, to try one’s luck. Mal d’—; whitlow. D’—, par —; by chance, perchance. Si par —; if peradventure, if by chance.

aventuré, -e, part., hazardous, hazarded, bold.

aventurer, v.a., to venture, to put to the venture, to risk.

s’aventurer, v.r., to venture, to take one’s chance, to hazard, to risk one’s self.

aventureu-x, -se, adj., venturous, venturesome, adventurous.

adventuri-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., adventurer, adventuress.

aventurine, n.f., avanturine, venturine.

avenu, -e, part., come to pass, happened. Acte nul et non —; act that is null and void.

avenue, n.f., avenue, approach, walk.

avéré, -e, part., averred, established by evidence.

avérer, v.a., to aver, to prove the truth of, to confirm, to establish.

averhan. V. tétras.

à verse, adv., fast (of rain). Il pleut —; it is pouring with rain.

averse, n.f., shower of rain; down-pour.

aversion, n.f., aversion, hate, hatred; antipathy, dislike, detestation. Prendre quelqu’un en —; to take an aversion to one. Cet homme est ma bête d’—; that man is my bugbear, my pet aversion.

averti, -e, part., warned, informed. Se tenir pour —; to be on one’s guard, to take it as a warning. Un bon — en vaut deux; forewarned, forearmed.

avertir, v.a., to warn, to caution; to inform of, to acquaint with, to give notice of, to admonish. Faire —; to send notice, word.

avertissement (-mān), n.m., information, advice, (b.s.) warning, caution; notification; advertisement (of books); (b.s.) admonition.

avertisseur, n.m., monitor, adviser; (official) public crier; (thea.) call-boy. — d’incendie; fire-alarm.

aveu, n.m., avowal, confession, acknowledgment, admission; approbation, consent, recognition. Homme sans —; vagrant, vagabond. Faire l’— de; to confess.

aveugle, adj., blind, sightless; deluded; ignorant, implicit. — de naissance or né; born blind. Obéissance —; implicit obedience. Changer son cheval borgne contre un —; to change from bad to worse. La fortune est —; fortune is blind.

aveugle, n.m.f., blind person. Un — y mordrait; a blind man would see it. C’est un — qui en conduit un autre; it is the blind leading the blind. Crier comme un — qui a perdu son bâton; to cry out before one is hurt.

aveuglement, n.m., blindness, infatuation.

aveuglément, adv., blindly, rashly, implicitly.

aveugler, v.a., to blind, to make blind; to put out the eyes of; to dazzle; to delude; to obscure, to cloud; (nav.) to fother. La passion aveugle l’entendement; passion obscures the understanding. — une voie d’eau; (nav.) to fother a leak. La trop grande lumière aveugle; too much light dazzles the eyes.

s’aveugler, v.r., to blind one’s self, to shut one’s eyes to, to be blinded, to deceive one’s self.

à l’aveuglette, adv., (fam.) groping in the dark. Aller —; to go groping along, blindly, rashly.

avicule, n.f., (mol.). V. aronde.

avide, adj., greedy of, eager for, thirsting for; voracious; covetous, rapacious. Un homme —; a covetous man. — de gain; eager for gain.

avidement (-mān), adv., greedily, eagerly, voraciously, covetously.

avidité, n.f., avidity, greediness, eagerness, covetousness.

avilir, v.a., to debase, to demean, to disgrace, to vilify; to disparage, to discredit, to depreciate, to lower.

s’avilir, v.r., to disgrace one’s self, to debase one’s self, to grow contemptible.

avilissant, -e, adj., debasing, degrading, humiliating.

avilissement (-mān), n.m., degradation, debasement, depreciation, contempt, vileness.

aviné, -e, part., drunk, drunken, unsteady (from drink). Il est —; c’est un corps —; he is a regular tippler.

aviner, v.a., to season with wine.

aviron, n.m., (nav.) oar. — de couple; scull. Aller à l’—; to row. Donner un coup d’—; to lend a helping hand.

avironnerie, n.f., oar-maker’s shed.

avironnier, n.m., oar-maker.

avis, n.m., opinion, sentiment, mind, judgment; advice, counsel, deliberation, admonition; notice, notification; warning, caution; account, information, intelligence, news; motion; vote; advertisement (in books). À mon —; in my opinion. Je suis d’— que vous lui écriviez; I am of opinion that you should write to him. Je ne suis pas d’— d’y aller; I am not for going there. Dire son —; to say, speak one’s mind. Je profiterai de l’— que vous me donnez; I shall avail myself of the caution you have given me. — au lecteur; a note to the reader; a word to the wise. J’ai changé d’—; I have altered my mind. On a reçu — de Paris; we are advised from Paris. Lettre d’—; letter of advice. Faute d’—; for want of advice. Sous —; with advice. Suivant l’— de; as per advice. Donner à quelqu’un un — de quelque chose; to advise any one of anything. Ne m’écris plus jusqu’à nouvel —; write no more till further notice. Ouvrir un —; to broach an opinion. Être d’—; to opine. Prendre les —; to take the opinion. Aller aux —; to put to the vote. Donner un — assez clair à quelqu’un; to give a pretty broad hint to any one. Il m’est —; I rather think or methinks. Deux —s valent mieux qu’un; two heads are better than one. Il y a jours d’—; there is no hurry; there is plenty of time.

avisé, -e, adj., wary, discreet, prudent, cautious, advised, circumspect. Mal —; ill-advised, il est fort —; he is a very discreet man.

aviser, v.a., to apprise; to perceive; to espy; (com.) to advise.

aviser, v.n., to consider, to see to, to think upon, to look to. Avisez-y; look to it. Vous y aviserez; you will see to it.

s’aviser, v.r., to think of, to consider, to take it into one’s head; to bethink one’s self, to be so minded, to dare, to presume. Il ne s’avise jamais de rien; he thinks of nothing. Il s’avisa de; he took it into his head to. Il n’y a sottise dont il ne s’avise; there is no folly he does not commit. Il s’avisa d’un bon expédient; he bethought himself of a good expedient. Ne vous en avisez pas; you had better not.

aviso, n.m., (nav.) dispatch-boat.

*avitaillement, n.m., (nav., milit.) victualing; stores.

*avitailler, v.a., to victual, to furnish with victuals, to store.

☉*avitailleur, n.m., army or navy contractor.

avivage, n.m., first laying of tin-foil on glass; hewing.

aviver, v.a., to polish, to burnish, to brighten.

avives, n.f.pl., (vet.) vives.

avivoir, n.m., polisher, burnisher (tool).

avocasser, v.n., to be a pettifogger, to drudge at the bar.

avocasserie, n.f., pettifoggery, caviling, quibble, twaddle.

avocat, n.m., counsel, barrister, advocate, pleader, intercessor. — de causes perdues, — de Pilate, — de balle, — à tort; briefless barrister. — consultant; chamber-counsel. — principal; leading barrister. — général; solicitor general. Plaider par —; to be represented by counsel.

avocate, n.f., female advocate; mediatrix, intercessor.

avocette, n.f., (orni.) avoset.

avoine, n.f., oats. —s; oats still standing. D’—; of oats. Farine d’—; oatmeal. Balle d’—; oatchaff. Folles —s; wild oats.

avoinerie, n.f., oat-field.

avoir (ayant, eu), v.a., to have; to get, to possess, to enjoy; to be; to be worth; to be the matter with, to ail; to have on. — pour agréable; to like. — honte; to be ashamed. — raison; to be right. — raison de; to get the mastery over. — tort; to be wrong. — peur; to be afraid. — faim; to be hungry. — soif; to be thirsty. Vous n’avez qu’a dire; you need only say the word. Qu’est-ce que vous avez? what ails you? what is the matter with you? Faire —; to procure for. Quel âge avez-vous? how old are you? Il a quarante ans; he is forty. J’ai à vous parler; I have something to tell you. Il avait un habit bleu; he had on a blue coat. En —; to catch it. Il en a; he has caught it. En a-t-il! what a lot he has! Y —; there to be, to be the matter. Il ne saurait y — de différence; there can be no difference. Il y en a de noirs; there are some black ones. C’est une femme comme il n’y en a point; she has not her like, her match. Il y a plus; nay, more. Il y en a encore; there is still some left. Il y a de quoi; there is enough, or good reason to. Il n’y a pas de quoi; don’t name or mention it; there is no offense. Je suis venu ici il y a deux mois; I came here two months ago. Il n’y a tel que d’en; money makes the man. Il y a un an qu’il est mort; he has been dead a year. Il y a deux mois que je suis ici; I have been here two months. Il y a une heure que nous écrivons; we have been writing for the last hour. Combien y a-t-il de Paris à Londres? how far is it from Paris to London? En — à; to owe a grudge to. — dans la main; to hold in the hollow of one’s hand. — la parole; to be entitled to speak, to be in possession of the House. Vous avez la main, le dé, la boule; it is your turn to play (at cards, at dice, at billiards).

avoir, n.m., possessions, substance, property, what one is worth; (com.) credit, creditor, creditor-side. Voilà tout mon —; this is all I have.

avoir du poids, n.m., (n.p.) avoirdupois.

avoisinant, -e, adj., neighboring, adjoining, close by.

avoisiné, part., with neighbors. Être bien or mal —; to have good or bad neighbors.

☉avoisinement (-mān), n.m., nearness, proximity.

avoisiner, v.a., to border upon, to be situated near, to be contiguous to.

avorté, -e, adj., abortive, miscarried; (bot.) abortive; frustrated, baffled; imperfect.

avortement, n.m., abortion, miscarriage, failure.

avorter, v.n., to miscarry; to slip; to prove abortive; to fail. Faire —; to cause or procure abortion. Ce dessein avorta; that plan failed. Faire — les desseins de quelqu’un; to baffle any one’s designs.

avorton, n.m., abortion; abortive child. (fig.) Un — de mouche; a wretched, paltry, miserable fly.

avouable, adj., avowable.

avoué, n.m., attorney; solicitor. Une étude d’—; a solicitor’s office.

avouer, v.a., to confess, to avow; to own, to acknowledge, to declare openly, to grant, to allow; to approve. Il a avoué le fait; he has confessed the deed. Il avoue l’avoir fait; he confesses to it. S’— vaincu; to own one’s self vanquished. J’étais, je l’avoue, un peu confus; I was rather confused, I must allow. — un enfant; to acknowledge a child. J’avouerai tout ce qu’il fera; I will approve of all he does.

avoyer, n.m., avoyer (Swiss magistrate).

*avril, n.m., April. Donner un poisson d’— à quelqu’un; to make any one an April-fool. Recevoir un poisson d’—; to be made an April-fool. Poisson d’—; mackerel.

avrillé, -e, adj., sown in April.

avron, n.m., (bot.) wild oats.

avuer, v.a., (hunt.) to mark down, to mark in.

avulsion, n.f., avulsion.

axe, n.m., axis; axle, axle-tree; (artil.) trunnion. — tournant; axle-tree. — de vis; screw-arbor.

axifuge, adj., centrifugal. V. centrifuge.

axillaire (ak-sil-lèr), adj., (anat., bot.) axillar, axillary. Fleurs —s; axillary flowers.

axiome, n.m., axiom.

axiomètre, n.m., (nav.) tell-tale (of the tiller).

axonge, n.f., (phar.) hog’s lard.

ayan, n.m., (—s) ayan (Turkish official).

ayant cause, n.m., (—s —) (jur.) assign.

ayant droit, n.m., (—s —) (jur.) party entitled.

aynet, n.m., skewer (for herrings).

azalée, n.f., (bot.) azalea.

azédarac, n.m., azedarach, bead-tree.

azerole, n.f., (bot.) azarole.

azerolier, n.m., azarole-tree.

☉azime, adj. V. azyme.

azimut (-mut), n.m., (astron.) azimuth.

azimutal, -e, adj., azimuthal.

azotate, n.m., (chem.) nitrate.

azote, n.m., (chem.) azote, nitrogen.

azote, adj., azotic, nitric.

azoté, adj., azotized, nitrogenized.

azotique, adj., azotic, nitric.

azur, n.m., azure, blue; sky-color. — de Hollande; Dutch blue. Pierre d’—; azure-stone.

azuré, -e, adj., azure, sky-colored. La voûte —e; the azure skies.

azurer, v.a., to paint azure color, to blue.

azurin, -e, adj., azure. n.m., blue-butterfly.

azyme, adj., azymous, unleavened.

azyme, n.m., azym, unleavened bread. Fête des —s; feast of unleavened bread.

azymite, n.m., Azymite.