SUMMARY
1. After the election of Lincoln seven states seceded from the Union, and formed the "Confederate States of America."
2. Four other states joined the Confederacy later.
3. The refusal of the United States to recognize the right to secede led to the refusal to give up Federal forts in Charleston harbor. The attempt to take Sumter by force led to the appeal to arms.
4. The line which separated the troops of the two governments ran from Chesapeake Bay, across Virginia, and through Kentucky and Missouri, to New Mexico.
5. While the Union troops held the Confederates in check on the eastern end of the line, they broke through the line in the West, and, aided by the Union fleet, opened the Mississippi River.
6. The Confederates were thus driven from the Mississippi and forced back to the mountains of Georgia. Sherman was sent against them, and in 1864 marched eastward through the heart of the Confederacy to the Atlantic.
7. Marching north from Savannah, across Georgia and South Carolina, to Goldsboro in North Carolina, he was now in the rear of the Confederate army in Virginia.
8. Grant, meantime, with the Army of the Potomac, had fought a series of battles with Lee, and had besieged Richmond and Petersburg; and Sheridan had cleared out the Shenandoah valley.
9. Lee was thus forced, early in 1865, to leave Richmond, and while retreating westward he was forced to surrender.
SECESSION AND THE WAR FOR THE UNION
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The South The North
The cotton states secede. Attempts to compromise.
The Confederacy formed. Buchanan's attitude.
A constitution adopted. The Crittenden Compromise.
Unites States property seized. A Thirteenth Amendment proposed.
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Buchanan attempts to provision Fort Sumter
Star of the West fired on.
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Lincoln inaugurated.
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Lincoln attempts to provision Fort Sumter
The fort bombarded. The surrender.
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Arkansas, North Carolina, The call to arms.
Virginia, and Tennessee secede. The march to Washington
Richmond made the capital Fight in the streets of
of the Confederacy. Baltimore. —————————————————————————————————
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The war opens
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Fighting in the West. Fighting along the Potomac and in
Virginia
1861-1862. Breaking the 1861. The attempt to take Richmond.
Confederate line. Battle of Bull Run.
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1. Line broken at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson and driven out of Kentucky and West Tennessee.
2. Driven out of Missouri and North Arkansas.
3. New Orleans taken.
4. Mississippi River nearly open.
1863. 1. Vicksburg and Port Hudson taken, and Mississippi River open to the Gulf.
2. The Confederacy cut in two.
3. Arkansas and East Tennessee recovered.
1864. Driving the Confederate line eastward.
1. Sherman's march to Atlanta; to the sea.
2. The Confederacy again cut in two.
1865. Driving the Confederate line northward.
1. Sherman marches northward from Savannah to Goldsboro.
2. Surrender of Johnston to Sherman.
1862 The attempt on Richmond renewed. ———————————— ———————————— ————————————— 1. Frémont and Banks to 2. McDowell to move from 3. McClellan to move up hold the Shenandoah Fredericksburg. Peninsula from Fort valley. ——————+—————- Monroe. ——————+—————- | ——————-+—————— | ——————+—————- | ——————+—————- Jackson's success in the ——————-+—————— Defeated by Jackson. Shenandoah valley leads McClellan, left without ———————————— to recall of McDowell. support of McDowell, ————————————— is defeated, changes base to James River, and in August is recalled north. ——————-+—————— | ——————————————————————————————————————— Removal of McClellan's army leaves Lee free to act. He attacks Pope and defeats him on old field of Bull Run. After defeat of Pope, he rushes into Maryland, where, at Antietam, he is defeated, and goes back to Virginia. ———————————————————+——————————————————— | ———————————————————+——————————————————— 1. Union victory at Antietam leads Lincoln to issue the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. 2. McClellan relieved of command and Burnside put in his place. 3. Burnside attacks Lee's army and is beaten at Fredericksburg. ——————————————————————————————————————- 1863. 1. Burnside removed and 1864. Grant in command. Hooker in command. 1. The Wilderness and other battles. 2. Hooker defeated at Chancellorsville. 2. Early sent into the Shenandoah 3. Lee runs past and enters Pennsylvania. valley, where Sheridan defeats him. 4. Meade put in command. Battle of 1865. Richmond taken. Gettysburg. 1. Lee evacuates the city. 5. Lee beaten and goes back to Virginia. 2. Surrenders to Grant. 6. The turning-point of the war. —————————+————————- | ——————————————————————————————————— %END OF THE WAR.%