| | PAGE. |
| Preface | [3] |
| List of Illustrations | [8] |
| | |
| MOUNTAINS. |
| The Andes | [9] |
| Chimborazo | [12] |
| Cotopaxi | [13] |
| Pichincha | [14] |
| Mount Etna | [15] |
| Mount Vesuvius | [21] |
| Mount Hecla | [28] |
| The Geysers | [32] |
| The Sulphur Mountain (Iceland) | [36] |
| Mont Blanc | [37] |
| The Glaciers, or Ice Masses | [51] |
| The Mer de Glace | [51] |
| View from the Buet | [55] |
| Montserrat | [57] |
| The Peak of Teneriffe | [59] |
| The Souffriere Mountain, (St. Vincent, W. I.) | [69] |
| Peter Botte’s Mountain, (Mauritius) | [73] |
| Kilauea, (Sandwich Islands) | [74] |
| The Peak of Derbyshire | [82] |
| Mountains of Great Britain | [97] |
| Stromboli | [101] |
| Lipari | [103] |
| Vulcano | [104] |
| The Himalaya Mountains | [105] |
| Asiatic Volcanoes | [115] |
| Islands which have risen from the Sea | [119] |
| | |
| SUBTERRANEAN WONDERS. |
| The Grotta del Cane | [131] |
| The Grotto of Antiparos | [136] |
| Caverns in Hungary and Germany, containing Fossil Bones | [139] |
| The Mammoth Cave | [141] |
| The Great Cavern of Guacharo | [157] |
| Fingal’s Cave, or Grand Staffa Cavern | [161] |
| Other Grottos and Caverns | [164] |
| | |
| MINES, METALS, GEMS, &C. |
| Introductory | [168] |
| Diamond Mines | [169] |
| Gold and Silver Mines | [178] |
| Quicksilver Mines | [193] |
| Iron Mines | [195] |
| Copper Mines | [204] |
| Tin Mines | [209] |
| Lead Mines | [211] |
| Coal Mines | [212] |
| Salt Mines | [223] |
| | |
| PHENOMENA OF THE OCEAN. |
| Introductory | [230] |
| Saltness of the Sea | [231] |
| Congelation of Sea-Water | [234] |
| Ice-Islands | [235] |
| Icebergs | [244] |
| Luminous Points in the Sea | [245] |
| Tides and Currents | [246] |
| | |
| CATARACTS AND CASCADES. |
| Introductory | [252] |
| Falls of Niagara | [253] |
| Falls of the Montmorenci | [270] |
| The Tuccoa Fall | [272] |
| Falls of the Missouri | [272] |
| Catskill Falls | [274] |
| Trenton Falls | [275] |
| Waterfall of South Africa | [275] |
| Cataracts of the Nile | [276] |
| Cataract of the Mender | [276] |
| Other Cataracts | [277] |
| | |
| SPRINGS AND WELLS. |
| St. Winifred’s Well | [280] |
| Wigan Well | [282] |
| Dropping Well at Knaresborough | [283] |
| Broseley Spring | [284] |
| Hot Springs of St. Michael | [284] |
| Hot Springs of the Troad | [285] |
| Other Springs | [286] |
| | |
| BITUMINOUS AND OTHER LAKES. |
| Pitch Lake of Trinidad | [290] |
| Mud Lake of Java | [291] |
| Salt Lake of Utah | [292] |
| | |
| ATMOSPHERICAL PHENOMENA. |
| Meteors | [294] |
| Aerolites | [307] |
| Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis | [312] |
| Lumen Boreale, or Streaming Lights | [314] |
| Luminous Arches | [316] |
| Ignes Fatui, or Mock Fires | [317] |
| Specter of the Brocken | [319] |
| The Mirage | [322] |
| Fata Morgana | [323] |
| Atmospherical Refraction | [324] |
| Parhelia, or Mock Suns | [328] |
| Lunar Rainbow | [330] |
| Concentric Rainbows | [330] |
| Thunder and Lightning | [331] |
| Remarkable Thunder-Storms | [334] |
| Hail-Storms | [338] |
| Hurricanes | [339] |
| The Monsoons | [341] |
| Whirlwinds and Waterspouts | [342] |
| Sounds and Echoes | [348] |
| | |
| BURIED CITIES. |
| The Yanar, or Perpetual Fire | [350] |
| Pompeii | [351] |
| The Museum at Naples | [360] |
| Herculaneum | [362] |
| Pompeii | [365] |
| The Museum | [375] |
| Herculaneum | [379] |
| | |
| EARTHQUAKES. |
| Introductory | [384] |
| Earthquakes of Ancient Times | [389] |
| Earthquake in Calabria | [389] |
| The Great Earthquake of 1755 | [391] |
| Earthquake in Sicily and in the Two Calabrias | [401] |
| Earthquakes in Peru | [409] |
| Earthquake in Jamaica, 1692 | [411] |
| Earthquake in Venezuela, 1812 | [412] |
| | |
| CONNECTION OF EARTHQUAKES WITH VOLCANOES. |
| Island of Java | [413] |
| | |
| BASALTIC AND ROCKY WONDERS. |
| The Giant’s Causeway | [417] |
| Basaltic Columns | [422] |
| | |
| NATURAL BRIDGES. |
| Natural Bridges of Icononzo | [424] |
| Natural Bridge in Virginia | [427] |
| | |
| PRECIPICES AND PROMONTORIES. |
| Besseley Ghaut | [432] |
| The Cape of the Winds | [433] |
| The North Cape | [435] |
| Precipices of San Antonia | [436] |
| | |
| GEOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE EARTH. |
| Introductory | [438] |
| Extraneous Fossils | [446] |
| Fossil Crocodiles | [448] |
| Large Fossil Animal of Maestricht | [449] |
| Fossil Remains of Ruminantia | [450] |
| Fossil Remains of Elephants | [451] |
| Fossil Remains of the Mastodon | [453] |
| Fossil Remains of the Rhinoceros | [454] |
| Fossil Remains of the Siberian Mammoth | [455] |
| Fossil Shells | [457] |
| Subterranean Forests | [458] |
| Moors, Mosses and Bogs | [460] |
| Coral Reefs and Islands | [465] |
| | |
| WIDE AND INHOSPITABLE DESERTS. |
| Asiatic Deserts | [469] |
| Arabian Deserts | [470] |
| African Deserts | [470] |
| Pilgrimage across the Deserts | [474] |
| Sands of the Desert | [486] |
| | |
| WONDERS OF ART. |
| The Pyramids of Egypt | [491] |
| The Tombs at Sakkara | [506] |
| The Sphinx | [509] |
| Ruins and Pyramids of Meroë | [511] |
| Pyramids and Ruins of Merawe | [516] |
| Egyptian Temples and Monuments | [520] |
| Bathing in the East | [526] |
| Egyptian Temples, Monuments, &c. | [527] |
| Other Ruins in Egypt, &c. | [554] |
| The River Nile | [562] |
| The African Birds-nest | [568] |
| Ruins of Palmyra | [569] |
| Ruins of Balbec | [570] |
| Ruins of Babylon | [572] |
| Babylonian Bricks | [579] |
| Later Discoveries at Babylon | [580] |
| Ruins of Nineveh | [582] |
| The Ruins of Persepolis | [587] |
| Royal Palace of Ispahan | [589] |
| The Temple of Mecca | [589] |
| | |
| THE HOLY LAND. |
| Jacob’s Well | [591] |
| Bethlehem | [592] |
| Nazareth | [594] |
| The Holy Sepulcher at Jerusalem | [594] |
| Mount Tabor | [596] |
| The Mount of Olives | [598] |
| Other Revered Sites | [599] |
| Mount Carmel | [599] |
| Mount Ararat | [600] |
| | |
| WONDERS OF ART RESUMED. |
| The Mosque of Omar | [601] |
| Mosque of St. Sophia at Constantinople | [602] |
| Ruins of Carthage | [603] |
| The Plain of Troy | [604] |
| Athens | [607] |
| Temples of Elephants | [610] |
| Temples of Salsette | [612] |
| Mausoleum of Hyder Ali | [614] |
| The Taje Mahal | [614] |
| Great Wall of China | [616] |
| Porcelain Tower at Nankin | [618] |
| The Shoemadoo at Pegu | [618] |
| Colossal Figure of Jupiter Pluvius, or the Apennine Jupiter | [621] |
| The Leaning, or Hanging Tower of Pisa, in Tuscany | [624] |
| The Coliseum at Rome | [627] |
| The Pantheon | [630] |
| Roman Amphitheater at Nismes | [632] |
| Trajan’s Pillar | [634] |
| Column of Antonine | [635] |
| Naison Carré, at Nismes | [635] |
| The Pont du Gard | [636] |
| Ancient Aqueduct near Rome | [637] |
| The Roman Forum | [638] |
| St. Peter’s of Rome | [642] |
| The Soil of Rome | [646] |
| Eddystone Light-house | [647] |
| Bell Rock Light-house | [649] |
| Stonehenge | [652] |
| Rocking Stones | [654] |
| The Round Towers of Ireland | [656] |
| St. Paul’s Cathedral | [657] |
| First Church in England | [661] |
| Westminster Abbey | [662] |
| Cathedral of Notre Dame | [665] |
| Strasburg Cathedral | [665] |
| Cathedral of Cologne | [669] |
| Church of St. Mark, at Venice | [669] |
| The Cathedral of Milan | [670] |
| The Tower of London | [671] |
| The Bank of England | [674] |
| Monument of the Great Fire of 1666 in London | [675] |
| The Louvre | [676] |
| The British Museum | [679] |
| Madame Tusseau’s Museum | [686] |
| The Palace of Blenheim | [689] |
| The Palace of Versailles | [691] |
| The Palace of St. Cloud | [693] |
| The Crystal Palace in New York | [697] |
| The Crystal Palace in London | [702] |
| The Capitol at Washington | [712] |
| The Smithsonian Institute | [714] |
| The Washington Monument | [715] |
| The Column of Vendome, Paris | [718] |
| The Bunker Hill Monument | [719] |
| The Arc de Triomphe (Paris) | [721] |
| The Cooper Institute (New York) | [723] |
| Vergnais’s Improved Bridge over the Seine at Paris | [725] |
| Railroad Bridge at Portage, New York | [726] |
| The Britannia Tubular Bridge, over Menai Strait | [728] |
| The Suspension Bridge over the Menai Strait | [730] |
| Great Railway Suspension Bridge at Niagara Falls | [731] |
| Other Immense Bridges | [732] |
| The High Bridge at Harlem | [733] |
| The Boston Reservoir | [734] |
| Aqueduct at the Peat Forest Canal (England) | [735] |
| The Thames Tunnel | [737] |
| Railroad Tunnels | [739] |
| The Colossus at Rhodes | [741] |
| | |
| MISCELLANEOUS WONDERS. |
| Youle’s Shot-Tower | [744] |
| The Emperor Fountain | [746] |
| The United States Mint in Philadelphia | [747] |
| The Air Balloon | [749] |
| The Progress of Navigation | [755] |
| Steam Navigation | [758] |
| Chinese Junks | [766] |
| The Artesian Well of Grenelle | [767] |
| The Banyan-Tree | [768] |
| The Wedded Banyan-Tree | [771] |
| The Cocoa-Tree | [771] |
| The Reindeer Sledge | [772] |
| The Upas or Poison-Tree | [773] |
| The Prairie on Fire | [775] |
| The Mammoth Tree of California | [776] |
| Other Mammoth Trees in California | [778] |
| The Palm-Tree | [778] |
| The Bamboo-Tree | [781] |
| The Manna-Tree | [783] |
| Continental Money | [783] |
| The Milk-Tree | [784] |
| The Signal Telegraph | [786] |
| The Electro-Magnetic Telegraph | [787] |
| The Art of Printing | [788] |
| The India-Rubber Tree | [793] |
| The Round Tower at Newport | [795] |
| Diving Armor | [796] |
| Tree House in Caffraria | [799] |
| The Raining-Tree | [800] |
| The Traveler’s Friend | [800] |
| The Camphor-Tree | [801] |
| The Cinnamon Plant | [802] |
| The Tree Temple at Matibo in Piedmont | [803] |
| The Termites, or White Ants | [804] |
| Huts in Kamtschatka | [806] |
| The Whale | [807] |
| Landing of the Pilgrims | [808] |
| Plymouth Rock | [809] |
| A Wonder of Art | [811] |
| The Whale Killer | [812] |
| A Pile of Serpents | [813] |
| American Ruins | [814] |
| Insect Slavery | [815] |