The manufacture of earth colours

by Josef Bersch

Brown Earth Colours

Ferric oxide:

Ferric hydroxide; Ferric silicate (conf. Yellow Earth Colours, which are often sold under the same names as the browns. The paler kinds are usually called “pale” or “golden,” such as pale ochre, golden ochre, etc.). Terra di Siena; burnt Siena; satinober; mahogany brown; Vandyke brown.

Ferric silicate, Clay:

Umber; umber brown; Roman earth; Roman umber; Turkish brown; Sicilian brown; Cyprus earth; chestnut brown; burnt umber; ombre; Terre d’ombre; Ombre brulée.

Organic decomposition products:

Cologne umber; Cologne earth; Cassel brown; Spanish brown; mahogany brown; Vandyke brown; brown carmine; Terre brun de Cologne; Brun de Cologne; Brun d’Espagne; Ombre de Cologne; Brun de Cassel; Terre d’Ombre; Cologne brown.

Asphaltum (mineral rosin):

Asphaltum brown; bistre; earth brown; bitumen; pitch brown; Asphalte; Brun de bitume; Bitume.