Chlorination of Water

by Joseph Race

CONTENTS

CHAPTER		PAGE
[I.]	[Historical]	[1]
	[Sodium Chloride.] [Chlorine.] [Bleach.][Eau de Javelle.] [Antiseptics.] [Hermite fluid.][Webster’s process.] [Electrozone.][Chlorination of sewage in Germany, U. S. A.,and England.] [Chlorination of water.] [Lincoln installation.][Oxychloride.] [German experiments.] [Europeanpractice.] [Inception of chlorination in America.]
[II.]	[Modus Operandi]	[14]
	[Composition of bleach.] [Bleaching action.] [Nascentoxygen hypothesis.] [Hydrolysis of bleach.] [Effect of acidsand salts on hydrolysis and germicidal action.] [Effect ofammonia.] [Direct toxic action.] [Hypochlorous acid.][Sodium hypochlorite.] [Chlorine water.] [Nature of action.]
[III.]	[Dosage]	[30]
	[Organic matter.] [Initial count.] [Viabilityof organisms.] [Mineral matter.] [Colour.] [Temperature.][Admixture.] [Contact period.] [Turbidity.] [Light.][Determination of dosage.]
[IV.]	[Bacteria Surviving Chlorination]	[50]
	[Disinfectants.] [Antiseptics.] [Viability ofbacteria.] [New York results.] [Reversed ratio of counts.] [Coliformorganisms.] [Aftergrowths in water and sand.]
[V.]	[Complaints]	[62]
	[Auto-suggestion.] [Tastes and odours.] [Sludge problem.][Colic.] [Effect on fish and birds.] [Effect on plants andflowers.] [Corrosion of iron and lead pipes.]
[VI.]	[Bleach Treatment]	[72]
	[Storage of bleach.] [Mixing tanks.] [Storage tanks.][Dosing apparatus.] [Control.] [Analysis of liquor.] [Detection and estimation of free chlorine.] [Chlorometer.] [Cost ofconstruction and operation.] [Antichlors.] [DeChlor filters.]
[VII.]	[Liquid Chlorine]	[89]
	[Historical.] [Leavitt-Jackson machine.] [Electro BleachingGas Co.’s types.] [Wallace and Tiernan’s manual controltypes.] [Effect of temperature on gas pressure.] [Impuritiesin gas.] [Advantages.] [Comparison of liquidchlorine and bleach.] [Cost of treatment.] [Popularity.][Chlorine water.]
[VIII.]	[Electrolytic Hypochlorites and Chlorine]	[105]
	[Hermite fluid.] [Eau de Javelle.] [Chloros.][Non-diaphragm cells: Dayton, Hermite, Mather and Platt, Haasand Oettel.] [Diaphragm cells: Hargreaves-Bird, Nelson,Allen-Moore.] [Montreal installation.] [Costs.]
[IX.]	[Chloramine]	[115]
	[Preparation.] [Absorption by water.] [Experimentalresults.] [Works results.] [Ratio of chlorine to ammonia.][Economics.] [Advantages.] [Operation.] [Otherchloramines.] [Halazone.]
[X.]	[Results Obtained]	[132]
	[Object of chlorination.] [Effect on filter rates and algæ.][Hygienic results.] [Typhoid rates.] [Typhoid reduction atPhiladelphia, Chicago, and Ottawa.] [Abortive epidemics.][Use and abuse of chlorination.]
	[Appendix]	[147]
	[Estimation of free chlorine in water.]
	[Name Index]	[151]
	[Subject Index]	[155]

---