FOOTNOTES:
[1915] Lupus. Cf. lib. i., Fr. 4, where he speaks of his perjuries, and Fr. inc. 193, "Occidunt Lupe te saperdæ et jura siluri," where he satirizes his luxuriousness; here he alludes to his unjust dealings as judge. Cf. ad Pers., i., 114. Interdicere aquâ et igni, the technical phrase for banishment. Cf. Cæs., B. G., vi., 44. Cic., Phil., vi., 4. Fam., xi., 1. Lupus appears to grieve that the banished man has still two elements, air and earth, left to enjoy. Thales is said to have been the first to use ἀρχαὶ in the sense of "first principles." (Vid. Ritter's History of Philosophy.) Empedocles first reduced the elements to four, and called them ῥιζώματα. Plato first called them στοιχεῖα, vid. Tim., 48. Adesse is applied both to the defendant who appears before the tribunal and to the advocate who stands by to support him. [Cicero seems to allude to the passage in his speech for Roscius (pro Rosc. Am., xxvi.), "Non videntur hunc hominem ex rerum naturâ sustulisse et eripuisse, cui repente cœlum, solem, aquam, terramque ademerint?" Cf. de Orat., i., c. 50, 1.]
[1916] Deliacis, the conjecture of Junius for deliciis. The Fragment will then be connected with Fr. 8, and will refer to the θεωρία sent to Delos; with which, of course, the death of Socrates is connected. Plat., Phæd., 58.
[1917] Annus vertens, i. e., "circumactus, completus." Nizol. Cic. pro Qu., 40. Nat. De., ii., 54, "Mercurii stella anno ferè vertente signiferum lustrat orbem." Phil., xiii., 10, "intra finem anni vertentis." So mensis vertens. Plaut., Pers., IV., iv., 76. Dies religiosi, ἀποφράδες ἡμέραι, "Days of ill omen," on which nothing important was undertaken; as the Dies Alliensis. Cf. Cic., Att., ix., 4. Qu., Fr. 3, 4. Liv., vi., 1. Suet., Tib., 61, "Nullus à pœnâ hominum cessavit dies, ne religiosus quidem ac sacer." Claud., 14. Aul. Gell., iv., 9. Festus reckons thirty-six of these days in the year (in voc "Religiosus" and "Mundus").
[1918] Albâ lineâ signare is a phrase for "doing any thing carelessly and negligently:" to make, as it were, a white line on a white ground, which could not be distinguished; whereas careful workmen work by a clearly-defined and durable line. Cf. Aul. Gell., Præf., 11, "Albâ ut dicitur lineâ, sine curâ discriminis converrebant."
[1919] Tullius, Gerlach supposes to have been an unjust judge, like Lupus, Fr. 1, and to be the same as the "judex" mentioned, xi., Fr. 2.
[1920] Acceptum, i. e., deceptum. Nonius. Veterator. Cf. Ter., Andr., II., vi., 26, "Quid hic volt veterator sibi?"
[1921] Canis, and its diminutive, catulus, are both used for a species of fetter. Plaut., Cas., II., vi., 37, "Ut quidem tu hodie canem et furcam feras." Curcul., V., iii., 13, "Delicatum te hodie faciam cum catello ut adcubes ferreo ego dico." σκύλαξ is used in Greek with the same double meaning. Collare. Cf. Plaut., Capt., II., ii., 107, "Hoc quidem haud molestum est, jam quod collum collari caret." Other kinds of fetters are mentioned, Plaut., Asin., III., ii., 4, "Compedes, nervos, catenas, numellas, pedicas, boias." Capt., IV., ii., 109.
[1922] Præbent. Cf. Ov., A. Am., ii., 685, "Odi quæ præbet, quia sit præbere necesse."
[1923] Albinus. It is doubtful whether the allusion is to Aulus or Spurius Posthumius Albinus. The latter, Cicero tells us, was condemned and banished by the "Gracchani judices," together with Opimius. Cic., Brut., 34. (Cf. lib. xi., Fr. 1.) He is here charged with incest, as the phrase repudium remittere properly applies to a wife, or one betrothed (divortium being applied to a wife only). Vid. Fest. in v. "Repudium." Plaut., Aul., IV., x., 57, c. not. Hildyard.
[1924] Mæstum, i. e., fame enectum. Non.
[1925] Compare the whole scene in Plaut, Asin., act. iv., sc. 1.
[1926] Subblanditur. Plaut., Cas., III., iii., 23. Bacch., III., iv., 19. Palpatur. Plaut., Merc., I., ii., 60, "Hoc, sis, vide ut palpatur! Nullus 'st quando occœpit, blandior." Amph., I., iii., 9, "Observatote quam blande mulieri palpabitur."
[1927] Cf. xxviii., Fr. 49. The Fragment is assigned to both books.
[1928] Æra, "numeri nota." Nonius. Cf. Cic. in Hortens., "Quid tu inquam soles; cum rationem ad dispensatorem accipis, si æra singula probasti, summam quæ ex his confecta sit, non probare?" This and the 31st, 32d, 34th, and 38th Fragments, are part of the old man's speech, inveighing against the profligacy and extravagance of young men. Vid. Argument.
[1929] Subducere rationes. Cf. Plaut., Curc., iii., 1, "Beatus videor: subduxi ratiunculam, quantum æris mihi sit, quantumque alieni siet; dives sum si non reddo eis, quibus debeo; si reddo eis quibus debeo plus alieni est."
[1930] Vomica. Cf. Juv., xiii., 35. The vulnus Chironium is described by Celsus, "Magnum est, habet oras duras, callosas, tumentes: sanie tenui manat, odorem malum emittit, dolorem modicum affert: nihilominus difficile coit et sanescit:" v., 28. It took its name from Chiron, who is said to have first found out the way of treating it. [Cf. Orph., H., 379. Hom., Il., xi., 831. Pind., Pyth., iii.]
[1931] Magna mercede. Merces, i. e., "cost, injury, detriment." Cic., Fam., i., 9, "In molestia gaudeo te eam fidem cognoscere hominum non ita magnâ mercede, quam ego maximo dolore cognôram." The sentiment is probably the same as Cato's, "asse carum esse dicebat, quo non opus esset."
[1932] Emungi. Cf. Ter., Ph., IV., iv., 1, "Quid egisti? Emunxi argento senes." Plaut., Bac., V., i., 15, "Miserum med auro esse emunctum." Hor., A. P., 238, "Pythias emuncto lucrata Simone talentum." Bolus, "any thing thrown as a bait;" hence "profit, gain." Ter., Heaut., IV., ii. 6, "Crucior, bolum mihi tantum ereptum tam desubito de faucibus." Plaut., Pers., IV., iv., 107, "Dabit hæc tibi grandes bolos."
[1933] Exterminare. "To expel, banish beyond certain limits."
[1934] Aulæa obducite. Cf. Plin., ii., Ep. 17, "Velis obductis."
[1935] Cardines. Plaut., Amph., IV., ii., 6, "Pœne effregisti, fatue, foribus cardines." Asin., II., iii., 8, "Pol haud periclum est cardines ne foribus effringantur." Cf. iv., Fr. 15; xxviii., Fr. 27.
[1936] Carpere, "celeriter præterire." Non. Cf. Virg., Georg., iii., 141, "Acri carpere prata fuga."
[1937] Pluteus, tecta, testudines, are all military terms, and signify sheds, pent-houses, or mantlets, made of wood and hurdles covered with hides, under cover of which the soldiers advanced to the attack of a town. The vinea and musculus were of the same kind. (Cf. xxvi., Fr. 9.) Cf. Fest., in v. Pluteus., Veget., iv., 15. They are also used metaphorically, as perhaps here. Plaut, Mil. Gl., II., ii., 113, "Ad eum vineas pluteosque agam."
[1938] Polypus, one that sticks as close as a polypus or barnacle. Cf. Plaut., Aul., II., ii., 21, "Ego istos novi polypos qui sicubi quid tetigerint tenent." (Where vid. Hildyard's note.) Ov., Met., iv., 366, "deprensum polypus hostem continet—"
[1939] Filum, "oris liniamentum." Non. Cf. Plaut., Merc., IV., iv., 15, "Satis scitum filum mulieris." So filum corporis, "the contour of the body." A. Gell., i., 9.
[1940] Cf. iii., Fr. 38.
[1941] Sudum, "semiudum." Non. Serenum. Fulgent. Cf. Virg., Georg., iv., 77, "Ver nactæ sudum." Æn., viii., 529, "Arma inter nubem, cœli in regione serenâ per sudum rutilare vident."
[1942] Gravedo. Crapula, κραιπάλη, "the headache that follows intoxication." Plin., xx., 13, "Crapulæ gravedines." (Cf. Arist., Acharn., 277.)
[1943] Obscœna, i. e., "mali ominis." Fest. Hence the phrases "obscenæ aves, canes, anus." So "puppis obscœna," the ship that bore Helen to Troy. Ov., Her., v., 119. So Dies alliensis (Id. Quinct.) was said to be "Obscœnissimi ominis." Fest., in voc.
[1944] Signatam, i. e., integram; a metaphor from that which is kept closely sealed, and watched that the seals may not be broken.
[1945] Supplantare. Plato (Euthydem., l. 278) uses ὑποσκελίζειν.
[1946] Nefantia. Cf. lib. iii., 28, "Tantalus qui pœnas ob facta nefantia pendit."
[1947] Nemo homo. The two words, according to Charisius, were always used together. Cf. Plaut., Asin., II., iv., 60, "Ego certe me incerto scio hoc daturum nemini homini." Pers., II., ii., 29, "Nemo homo unquam ita arbitratus 'st." Cic., N. D., ii., 38.
[1948] Lib. xxviii., 17, where the Fr. is also quoted.
[1949] Ecferimur, i. e., "extollimur." Non.
[1950] Is hopelessly corrupt.
[1951] Occurs before; lib., xix., Fr. 8.