FOOTNOTES:
[101] Prochyta. An island in the Bay of Naples, now called Procida.
[102] Sævæ, "from the ceaseless alarms it causes." "Sævus est qui terret." Donat. in Ter., Adelp., v. s. iv.
[103] Augusto. Cf. Plin., 1, Epist. xiii. "Magnum proventum poëtarum annus hic attulit; toto mense Aprili nullus ferè dies quo non recitaret aliquis."
[104] Either those of Romulus, or the aqueduct; and "moist Capena," either from the constant dripping of the aqueduct (hence arcus stillans), or from the springs near it, hence called Fontinalis; now St. Sebastian's gate. It opens on the Via Appia.
[105] Cf. vi., 542.
"O how much more devoutly should we cling
To thoughts that hover round the sacred spring!" Badham.
Read præsentius: cf. Plin., Ep. viii., 8, the description of the Clitumnus, and Ov., Met., iii., 155, seq.
[107] Umbritius (aruspicum in nostro ævo peritissimus, Plin., x., c. iii.) is said to have predicted Galba's death, and probably therefore, with Juvenal, cordially hated Otho.
[108] Portus may mean, "constructing" or "repairing" harbors; or "farming the harbor-dues," portoria.
[109] Scipio's was performed by contract. Plin., H. N., xxxi., 3.
[110] The spear was set up in the forum to show that an auction was going on there. Hence things so sold were said to be sold sub hastâ. Domina, implies "the right of disposal" of all things and persons there put up. This may mean, therefore, to buy a drove of slaves on speculation, and sell them again by auction; or, when they have squandered their all, put themselves up to sale. So Britann. Dryden, "For gain they sell their very head." "Salable as slaves." Hodgson. So Browne, who reads "præbere caput domino."
[111] "From abject meanness lifts to wealth and power." Badham. Cf. vi., 608.
[112] "Though a soothsayer, I am no astrologer." "I never examined the entrails of a toad."
[113] "Therefore (because I will lend myself to no peculation) no great man will take me in his suite when he goes to his province." Cf. Sat. viii., 127, "Si tibi sancta cohors comitum." This is better than, "Therefore I leave Rome alone!" Markland proposes, extinctâ dextrâ.
"Like a dead member from the body rent,
Maim'd and unuseful to the government." Dryden.
"No man's confederate, here alone I stand,
Like the maim'd owner of a palsied hand." Badham.
"Lopp'd from the trunk, a dead, unuseful hand." Hodgson.
[115] Isa., lvii., 20.
[116] Opaci, Lubin. interprets as equivalent to turbulenti, "turbid with gold." On this Grangæus remarks, "Apage Germani haud germanam interpretationem! opaci enim est umbris arborum obscuri." Cf. Mart., i., Ep. 50, "Æstus serenos aureo franges Tago obscurus umbris arborum."
"Grasp thou no boon with sadness on thy brow,
Spurn the base bribe that binds a guilty vow." Badham.
"Shame for Rome that harbors such a crew."
[119] The Roman hind, once so renowned for rough and manly virtues, now wears the costume of effeminate Greeks: or all these Greek terms, used to show the poet's supreme contempt, may refer to the games: the Trechedipna, not the thin supper-robe, but the same as the Endromis. The Ceroma, an ointment made of oil, wax, and clay, with which they bedaubed themselves.
[120] Amydon in Pœonia, Tralles in Lydia, Alabanda in Caria.
"Work themselves inward, and their patrons out." Dryden.
"Deep in their patron's heart, and fix'd as fate,
The future lords of all his vast estate." Hodgson.
"Torrents of words that might Isæus drown." Badham.
[123] Aliptes, one who anoints (ἀλείφει), and therefore trains, athletes.
[124] So Johnson.
"All sciences the hungry Monsieur knows,
And bid him go to hell—to hell he goes!"
[125] Some think there is an allusion here to a man who attempted to repeat Icarus' experiment before Nero. Vid. Suet., Nero, 13.
[126] Cottana, "ficorum genus." Plin., xiii., 5.
[127] "As if squeezed in the passage by the narrowness of the throat."
[128] His powers of flattery show his ability of assuming a fictitious character as much as his skill in acting.
[129] Or the "Dorian maid." They were scantily dressed. Hence the φαινομηρίδες of Ibycus.
[130] Major abolla, seems to be a proverbial expression; it may either be the "Stoic's cloak," which was more ample than the scanty robe of the Cynic; or "the philosopher's cloak," which has therefore more dignity and weight with it than the soldier's or civilian's. The allusion is to P. Egnatius Celer, the Stoic, who was bribed to give the false testimony on which Bareas Soranus was convicted. V. Tac., Ann., xvi., 21, seq., and 32.
[131] Ripa. Commentators are divided between Tarsus, Thebes, and Corinth.
[132] Togatus. Gifford quotes Martial, x., Ep. 10.
"Quid faciet pauper cui non licet esse clienti?
Dimisit nostras purpura vestra togas."
[133] Collega; alluding to the two prætors, "Urbanus" and "Peregrinus."
[134] Claudit latus. This is the order Britannicus takes. "Claudere latus" means not only to accompany, as a mark of respect, but to give the inner place; to become his "comes exterior." Horace, ii., Sat. v., 18. So Gifford, "And if they walk beside him yield the wall."
"For one cold kiss a tribune's yearly pay." Hodgson.
i. e., forty-eight pieces of gold. Cf. Suet., Vesp., xxiii.
[136] P. Scipio Nasica (vid. Liv., xxix., 10) and L. Cæcilius Metellus. Cf. Ov., Fasti, vi., 437.
[137] Possidet. Vid. Niebuhr.
[138] Cf. Mart., v., Ep. 8 and 25, who speaks of one Lectius as an officious keeper of the seats.
[139] Sat. x., 323.
"Long, long ago, in one despairing band,
The poor, self-exiled, should have left the land." Hodgson.
"A menial board and parsimonious fare." Hodgson.
[142] "Negavit." Some commentators imagine Curius Dentatus to be here alluded to. It seems better to take it as a general remark. Read "culullo," not "cucullo," with Browne.
[143] Cf. Mart., ix., 588.
[144] Herboso, the first permanent theatre even in Rome itself, was built by Pompey. Cf. In gradibus sedit populus de cæspite factis. Ov., Art. Am., i., 107. Cf. Virg., Æn., v., 286.
"In the state show repeated now for years." Hodgson.
[146] Libis. So many of these "complimentary cakes" are sent in honor of this event, that they are actually "sold" to get rid of them.
"Good client, quickly to the mansion send
Cakes bought by thee for rascal slaves to vend." Badham.
[147] Gabii, renowned for the ease with which Sex. Tarquin duped the inhabitants.
[148] Pronum, i. e., supinum. Hor., iii., Od. iv., 23, on a steep acclivity.
"And 'tis the village mason's daily calling,
To keep the world's metropolis from falling." Dryden.
"Then bid the tenant sleep secure from dread,
While the loose pile hangs trembling o'er his head." Gifford.
[151] Opici. Cf. vi., 455. Opicæ castigat amicæ verba; i. e., barbarous, rude, unlearned, "the Goths of mice;" from the Opici or Osci, an Ausonian tribe on the Liris, from whom many barbarous innovations were introduced into Roman manners and language. "Divina" may either refer to Homer's poems, or to Codrus' own, which in his own estimation were "divine." Cf. Sat. i., 2, "rauci Theseide Codri."
[152] Horrida. In all public misfortunes, the Roman matrons took their part in the common mourning, by appearing without ornaments, in weeds, and with disheveled hair. Cf. viii., 267. Liv., ii., 7. Luc., Phars., ii., 28, seq.
[153] Candida. Cf. Plin., xxxiv., 5. The Parian marble was the whitest, hence Virg., Æn., iii., 126, "Niveamque Paron."
[154] Polycletus. Cf. viii., 103. His master-piece was the Persian body-guard (cf. Ælian., V. H., xiv., 8), called the "Canon." Vid. Müller's Archæol. of Art, § 120. Euphranor the painter belonged, like Polycletus, to the Sicyonic school.
[155] Foruli or plutei, cases for holding MSS. Cf. ii., 7. Suet., Aug., xxxi.
[156] Cf. Mart., iii., Ep. 52.
[157] Circus. Cf. x., 81, duas tantum res anxius optat Panem et Circenses.
[158] Cf. Milton.
"And add to these retired leisure,
That in trim gardens takes his pleasure."
[159] i. e., "Only the very rich can afford to buy 'Insulæ,' in the quiet part of the city, where their rest will not be broken by the noise of their neighbors, or the street."
[160] Mandra; properly "a pen for pigs or cattle," then "a team or drove of cattle, mules," etc.; as Martial, v., Ep. xxii., 7, "Mulorum vincere mandras." Here "the drovers" themselves are meant.
[161] Drusum. Cf. Suet., Claud., v., "super veterem segnitiæ notam." Seals are proverbially sluggish. Cf. Plin., ix., 13. Virg., Georg., iv., 432.
[162] Officium; attendance on the levees of the great.
[163] Cf. i., 64; v., 83; vi., 477, 351. Plin., Pan., 24.
[164] i. e., of a litter. Cf. vii., 132.
[165] Culina, "a double-celled chafing-dish, with a fire below, to keep the 'dole' warm." The custom is still retained in Italy.
[166] Domitius Corbulo, a man of uncommon strength, appointed by Nero to command in Armenia. Vid. Tac., Ann., xiii., 8.
[167] "The pace creates the draught."
[168] Sedet; because, being unburied, he must wait a hundred years. Cf. Virg., Æn., vi., 313-330.
[169] Hom., Il., xxiv., 12, "ἄλλοτε δ' αὖτε ὕπτιος ἄλλοτε δὲ πρηνής."
[170] Deducere; "the technical word for the clients' attendance on their patrons;" so "forum attingere; in forum deduci."
"He only cudgels, and I only bear." Dryden.
[172] Sectile, or the inferior kind of leek; the better sort being called "capitatum." Plin., xx., 6. Cf. Sat. xiv., 133, sectivi porri.
[173] The order is "Pater, avus, proavus, abavus, atavas, tritavus." He means, therefore, eight generations back at least.
[174] Ancus Martius built the prison. Liv., i., 33. The dungeon was added by Servius Tullius, and called from him Tullianum. The next was built by Ap. Claudius the decemvir.
[175] Ceres was worshiped under this epithet at Aquinum. Its origin is variously given.
[176] Caligatus may mean, "with rustic boots," so that you may not be reminded of Rome; or "with soldier's boots," as armed for our campaign against the vices of the city.