INDEX
[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] X [Y] [Z]
A Abbevillian, as substitution for Chellean, [64] Abbott, C. C., [124]; discoveries of, [145] Abilene points. See [Milnes Milnesand points] Acosta, Father José de, believes Old and New Worlds joined, [12], [13] Adhémar, J., on cause of glaciation, [54] Agassiz, Louis, and glacial hypothesis, [46], [47], [121] Agriculture, animals in, [8]; development of, [7], [30], [39], [40], [167], [182]; difference between Mediterranean and New World, [264]; in fertile crescent, [40]; and increase of roundheadness, [211]; of Indian culture, [246], [263]-65, [267]-68, [272]; and neolithic man, [38], [283]; origins in New World of, [254], [258], [265]; women in, [38], [39], [265] Altamira, paintings discovered at cave of, [110]-11 Ameghino, Fiorino, [125]-26; discoveries of, [123]-24 American Association for the Advancement of Science, [258] Anderson, Edgar, on Burmese origin of corn, [274]-75 Animal fossils, [189]-205; abundance of, [128]; Alaskan, [203]; in association with human bones, [120]-21, [123], [126], [130]-33, [139], [204], [215], [294] Animals, domesticated, [8], [34] Antevs, Ernst, [150]; and Cochise culture, [167]; dates corn, [273]; and glaciation, [49], [205]; on length of residence of man in New World, [31]; on Minnesota man, [132]; on pluvials, [293], [294] Archeology, beginnings of, [61] Arrow, as precursor of spear point, [105] Ashe, Thomas, on extinct American mammals, [193] Aterians, use of arrowhead by, [107] Atlantis, [16] Aurignacian culture, [99]-101; recognized in ancestry of American Indian, [218], [285]-86 Australopithecines, [85]-87
B Badarians, [39] Barbour, Erwin H., on existence of glacial man, [290] Basket Makers, [219], [221]-22, [247] Basketry, beginnings of, [38]; in first Christian centuries, [219] Bastian, Adolf, [175]; theory of psychic unity by, [238] Bering Strait, [2], [3]. See also [Migration routes] crossing of, [2], [16], [17], [24], [60], [219]-20, [224], [278]; Palisades culture north of, [188] Bernhardi, A., and glacial hypothesis, [46] Bird, Junius, [274]; discoveries of, [132], [175] Birdsell, Joseph, on origin of early man in New World, [230]-31 Bison bison, evolution of, [198]-200 Boas, Franz, on diversity of languages, [6] Boucher (de Crèvecoeur) de Perthes, Jacques, [129]-30; discovers reality of glacial man, [63], [64] Bow and arrow, hypothesis on invention of, [108]-9, [242] Braidwood, Robert G., on stay of Solutreans in Europe, [102]; time scale of early man by, [65] Breasted, James H., Sr., on advent of agriculture, [39] Bronze Age, limits of, [33], [34] Broom, Robert, and Dart discover southern apes, [85] Brückner, Eduard, and Alpine glaciation, [47]; on duration of glaciation, [55]; on temperatures during glaciation, [53] Bruman, Henry J., [266]; on agriculture in New World, [272]-73 Bryan, Kirk, [137], [150]; flints recorded by, [175]; on length of residence of man in New World, [31], [289]-90; on Minnesota man, [132]; on movement of Durst Silts, [163]; on pluvials, [293] Burins, [107] Burkitt, M. C., on pluvials, [294]
C Calaveras skull, dispute with churchmen over, [122] Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. W. H., discoveries of, [160], [169], [175] Carbon 14. See [Dating, through radiocarbon] Carter, George F., on existence of glacial man, [183], [290] Catholic church, [191]; explanation of Indians by, [12] Cephalic index, [210]-18 Childe, Gordon, on beginnings of archeology, [61]; on invention of writing, [115]; on neolithic civilization, [37], [38]; on Stone Age, [114]-15; on superiority of metal over stone for tools, [34] Clovis man, name change of, [xii]; points of, found with extinct mammal fossils, [191] Cochise culture, [167]-69 Colbert, Edwin H., on extinction of mammals, [203] Confins man, [131], [293] Conquistadores, [2] Conyers, discoveries of, [61], [62] Coon, Carleton S., on origins of early man in New World, [230], [284] Corn, [267], [268]-76; no wild ancestor for Indian, [263], [272]; origins in New World of, [265] Coup de poing. See [Hand axes] Cressman, L. S., discoveries of, [179] Croll, James, on causes of glaciation, [54] Cro-Magnon man, [63], [89], [97], [126]; as part of Aurignacian culture, [99], [100] Culture periods, Ameghino’s, [123]; confusion in determining, [115]-18; history of classification of, [33]; indicated by tools, [65]-72; major divisions of, [33]-37; Mortillet’s, [64], [65], [68] Cummings, Byron, discovers milling stones, [167] Cuvier, cataclysmal explanation of great extinction by, [201]
D Dart, Raymond, [86]; and Broom discover southern apes, [85] Dasypodidae. See [Extinct armadillo] [Dating], of early man by death of mammals, [189]-205, [294]; through pluvial periods, [52], [63]; through pottery, [247]; [through radiocarbon], [xi], [9], [86], [94]-97, [100], [102], [138], [140], [179], [188], [204], [278]; from sloth dung, [160]; of Turin skeletons, [140] Dawn stones. See [Eoliths] Diaz (del Castillo), Bernal, on principle of wheel in New World, [30]; on Mexican mammoth bone, [136] Dixon, Roland B., criticizes Rivet’s languages hypothesis, [255]; on cultural diffusion, [243]-44; on origins of early man in New World, [220]-22; on transpacific migration, [30], [218] Douglas, A. E., originates tree-ring count, [49] Dubois, Eugène, [85]; discovers Java man, [81], [82]
E Eden culture, name change of, [xii]; points of, [154], [158], [203]; pressure flaking in, [104], [181] Eiseley, Loren C., on Athabasca bison, [200]; on extinction of American mammals, [192]-93, [195], [202]-3; questions evidence of historic mastodon, [197] Ekholm, Gordon, on Asia-America diffusion, [258] Engravings, on bone, [172]-73 [Eoliths], development of tools from, [67], [163]; origin of, [67], [68] Eskimo, [6], [220], [279]; Caspian strain in, [221] Eustatism, [59] Evans, Glen L., discovers Plainview point, [156] Ewing, Maurice, on cause of glaciation, [56], [57] [Extinct armadillo], [190]
F Facial index, [211]-12 Fertile crescent, [40] Figgins, J. D., discovers Folsom point, [144]-46 Fire lenses, [183] Flint knapping, [282]-83; finest, [154]; steps in, [282]-83 Flint, Richard F., on last glaciation, [19], [49], [60] Fluorine test, for fossils, [76] Folsom man, dating of, [28], [151]-52, [181], [191], [199]-201; [Generalized], [156]; pressure flaking in culture of, [104]; spear points of, [144]-51, [153]-55, [191], [198] Fontechevade man, discovery of, [80] Font Robert point, [100], [105]; appearance of, [107] Frere, John, discoveries of, [62]
G García, Fray Gregorio, on origins of Indians, [14], [15] Geikie, James, and glacial hypothesis, [47] Giddings, J. L., Palisades culture of, [188] Gigantopithecus, [83], [84] Glacial Period. See [Great Ice Age] Glaciation. See [Ice ages] Gladwin, Harold S., [49], [162]; on advent of Pygmies in New World, [225]-26; on cultural diffusion, [242]-43, [246]-49; on independent invention of agriculture, [267]; on invasion of America by Alexander the Great, [249]-55; on various early migrations to New World, [227], [229]-30, [247] [Great Ice Age], definition of, [44], [45], [48], [60]; large mammals in, [84], [181], [204]; rainfall during, [294]; theory of flake vs. core tools in, [70]. See also [Ice ages] Grimaldi man, [102] Günz glaciation, Danubian glaciers before, [47]; determination of time of, [54] Gypsum man, [159], [160]
H Haddon, A. C., recognizes Australoid in America, [218] Haeckel, Ernst, [81] [Hand axes], [84], [85], [173]; as products of core industry, [70], [286]; development of, [68], [111]; in the New World, [173]-76, [183], [287]; spread of use of, [72] Harrington, John, on diversity of Indian speech, [6] Harrington, M. R., discoveries of, [159]; on forebears of Eskimo, [223]; on migration through Ireland, [25] Haua Fteah, importance of finds at, [96] Heidelberg man, [80]; taurodontism in, [77] Heizer, Robert F., discoveries of, [136], [160]; on Monument skulls, [135] Henri-Martin, Mlle., [80] Hester, Jim, on extinction of mammals, [205] Hibben, Frank C., and Generalized Folsom points, [156]; discoveries of, [164]; on crossing into New World, [20]; redates Durst Silts, [163] Holmes, W. H., [31]; attacks early man, [124], [174]; on King’s pestle, [178] Holocene. See [Postglacial Period] Homo sapiens. See [Man] Hooton, Earnest A., [31], [32], [97]; on length of residence of man in New World, [132]-33; on origins of early man in New World, [219]-20, [222]-23; quoted, [207], [233]; recognizes Australoid in America, [218]; on resemblance of American Indian to Old World peoples, [209], [222]-23, [233], [241]-42; on spurious finds, [125]-26 Housebuilding, earliest evidence in New World of, [171] Howard, Edgar B., discoveries of, [149]-50; on customs of Folsom man, [152]-53, [280]; on length of residence of man in New World, [6]; on preservation of mammals, [198] Howells, W. W., quoted, [1]; sees similarity between American and Pacific tribes, [222] Howorth, Henry H., on extinction of mammals in New World, [201] Hrdlička, Aleš, attacks on traces of early man by, [124]-28, [134]; on Aurignacian and Magdalenian ancestry in American Indian, [218]; on Calaveras skull, [123]; on crossing into New World, [18], [20]; on Indian culture, [240]-41; on migration routes, [21] Huntington, Ellsworth, on migration across Atlantic, [25]
I [Ice ages], [xii], [9], [18], [19]; Alpine glaciations in, [47], [48]; changes in sea level in, [50]-53; classification of, [44], [45]; extent of Wisconsin glaciation in, [18], [24], [26], [60]; hypothesis of land bridge in, [17], [18], [289]; hypothesis on causes of glaciation in, [53]-60; mammals in Americas in, [190]; migration in, [288]-92; and migration routes, [21]-25, [60]; overlapping of centers in, [49]; Sangamon Interglacial period in, [24]; wood in, [35] Imbelloni, José, on advent of Pygmies in New World, [225]-26 Indian race, autochthonous origin of, [233]-34; as descendants of Welsh, [16]; as inventor of own culture, [261]; myth of, [207], [279] Insects, in man’s diet, [41] International Congress of Americanists, [257]
J Java man. See [Pithecanthropus erectus] Jefferson, Thomas, excavates Virginia mound, [120]; and fossils of extinct mammals, [191]; on origin of Eskimo, [286] Jenks, A. E., [132]; discoveries of, [154], [157]; on Sauk Valley skull, [133] Johnson, Frederick, traces migration routes, [21]
K Kay, G. F., on Minnesota man, [132] Keith, Sir Arthur, [31], [94]; on Lagoa Santa craniums, [130]; recognizes Australoid in America, [218] King, C. J., discoveries of, [178]-79 Kingsborough, Lord, [129]; believes Indians to be Lost Tribes, [15] Koch, A. C., [120]-21; discoveries of, [154] Kroeber, Alfred L., on cultural diffusion, [244]-45; on number of languages, [5]
L Lagenaria gourd, [258] Lagoa Santa caves, [121], [127], [130]-32, [135], [142] Larkin, Frederick, on Indian domestication of mammoth, [194] Leakey, L. S. B., and discovery of Zinjanthropus, [86]; on paleolithic pottery sherds, [38] Leechman, Douglas, traces migration routes, [21] Leighton, M. M., on finds at Elm Creek Silts, [162]-63; on length of residence of man in New World, [31]; on Minnesota man, [132] Lemert, Edwin M., discoveries of, [160] Lewis, Gilbert N., on neolithic culture in Andes, [256] Libby, Willard F., [xi]; and dating through radiocarbon, [95], [96], [165], [179], [278] Lubbock, Sir John, on division of paleolithic and neolithic ages, [36] Lund, P. W., [121]; discoveries of, [130] Lyell, Sir Charles, [121]; on late survival of mastodon in New World, [197]
M MacClintock, Paul, on Minnesota man, [132] MacNeish, Richard S., [266]; dates corn, [273] Magdalenian man, in ancestry of American Indian, [218], [285]-86; hypothetical migration of, [25]; in Old World, [107], [126] [Man], “age” of, [43]; and his early diet, [40], [41]; -apes in Africa, [85]-87; Australoid, [214]-15, [217]-18; Australoid or Negroid ancestry of, in New World, [31], [42], [210], [219]-20, [223]-24, [248]-49, [279]; as descendants of Adam, [119]-21; dividing line between ape and, [85]-87; existence of glacial, [63], [64], [288]-92; giant ancestors of, [83], [84]; length of residence in New World of, [2]-7, [9], [28], [31], [56], [112], [124]-42, [180]-88, [277], [288]-92, [294]; location of sites in New World of, [184]-88; Mongoloid, [207]-9, [213], [215]-18, [220]; relationship of forms of, [97], [220], [279] Mandan Indians, thought to be descendants of Welsh, [16] Mangelsdorf, P. C., and cereal treasure, [268] Manos, defined, [177] Marston, A. F., discovery of Swanscombe skull by, [77] Martin, Paul S., on extinction of mammals, [205] Mastodon, American, [9] Mathematics, development of, [7] Mather, Cotton, on Dighton Rock carvings, [120]; on giants of Holy Writ, [191] McGee, W. J., [146] Meade, Grayson, E., discovers Plain view point, [156] Medicine, development of, [7] Meganthropus palaeojavanicus, [83] Melanesian people. See [Oceanic Negrito] Melbourne skull, [133]-34 Mendel glaciation, [47] Mendes Correâ, A. A., and hypothesis of southern land bridge, [224] Mercati, Michele, on origin of ancient artifacts, [143] Mesolithic Age, [36], [37] Mexico, prehistory of, [29], [30] Microliths, in division of prehistory, [36] Midland man, [139]-40 Migration of north pole, [56], [57] [Migration routes], [2], [3], [16], [17], [166]; across Atlantic, [25]; across Pacific, [25]; by Antarctica, [25]; by Bering Strait, [20], [21], [24], [128]; early opinions on, [12]-15; from Europe to Canada, [25]; by Isthmus of Panama, [24] [Milling stones], [166]-70; puzzle anthropologists, [280]-81 [Milnes Milnesand points], [162] Minnesota man, [132]-33, [278]; challenge existence of, [140] Moir, J. Reid, [173]; discovery of eoliths by, [67], [68] [Monkey trial], [124] Monument Site, significance of discoveries at, [135] Morlot, Adolphe, and glacial hypothesis, [47] Mortillet, Gabriel de, classification of cultures by, [64], [65], [68], [87], [88]; modification of theory of, [72] Mounds, number in U.S. of, [7] Mousterian. See [Neanderthal] Mu, continent of, [16], [240] Mugharet-el-Kebara, [96] Muscovy duck, [8]
N Nachahmer, Emil, quoted, [143] [Neanderthal man], [88]-94, [96]; advent of, [79], [94]; as inventor of religion, [88]; predecessor of, [80] Negro slaves, thought to identify fossils of extinct mammals, [191]-92 Nelson, N. C., [120]; on advent of Aurignacians, [100]; on ancestors of American Indian, [285]; on divisions of prehistory, [37]; on European attitude toward Indians, [12]; on Indian types, [209] [Neolithic age], daggers from, [154]; defined, [36]-39, [41], [42]; time taken to reach, [8] New Stone Age. See [Neolithic age] Niagara Gorge, [49] Nordenskiöld, Baron Erland, on Indian culture, [240], [245], [247]; on inventions unique to New World, [261]-62, [264]; on metallurgy in New World, [31], [32] Notharctus, [2]
O [Oceanic Negrito], [213] Old Stone Age. See [Paleolithic age] Oreopithecus bambolii, [87] Osborn, Henry Fairfield, on advent of Aurignacians, [100]; on extinction of mammals, [202]
P Painting, [104], [171]; as religious art, [258]-59; by Magdalenians, [107]-12, [256]; in Spain, [112]-13 [Paleolithic age], [96]; defined, [36], [37], [41], [42], [116]-17; progress from, [7], [8]; sculpture of, [98] Panpipes, [235]-36, [253] Papuan peoples. See [Oceanic Negrito] Paranthropus, [85] Peking man, [81]-85 Penck, Albrecht, and Alpine glaciations, [47]; on duration of glaciation, [55]; on inter-glacial migration, [290]-92; on length of residence of man in New World, [6], [31] Peñón man, [138] Percussion flaking, [88], [90], [91] Pericú skulls, [135], [221] Perry, W. J., [16], [239]-40 Peyroni, D., [173] Piltdown forgery, [74]-77 [Pithecanthropus erectus], [82], [89]; cousin of, [84]; discovery of, [81] Pithecanthropus robustus, [89] Plainview points, [155]-56, [203]. See also [Folsom man, Generalized] Playfair, John, and glacial hypothesis, [46] Pleistocene. See [Great Ice Age] Plesianthropus, [85] Pliocene Period, [67], [68], [87] Pluvials, [59], [131], [170], [292]-94; defined, [52] Polished ax, social use of, [39] Population of New World in 1492, [5] [Postglacial Period], definition of, [45] Pottery, in association with animal fossils, [194]-95; Aurignacian, [113]; cord-marked, [229]; in dating, [247]; as factor in neolithic life, [38]; invention in New World of, [54] Pressure flaking, [93], [280]; by Solutreans, [104], [283] Prestwich, Sir Joseph, [64], [67] Protestant dogma, [122], [124]; influence on archeology of, [63] Punin man, [131]-33; question of antiquity of, [195]; resemblance to Australian skulls of, [218] Putnam, F. W., [124] Putnam, General Rufus, [120] Pygmy, as exception to Negroid headshape, [210]; as preceding Australoid in New World, [225]-27
Q Querns. See [Milling stones]
R Rainey, F. G., [156] Ranking, John, on extinction of American mammals, [193] Ray, Cyrus N., [161] Recent Period. See [Postglacial Period] Red Lady of Paviland, [97] Reeves, R. G., and cereal treasure, [268] Renaud, E. B., discoveries of, [173]-74 Retzins, Anders, sets up cephalic index, [210] Rickard, T. A., on classification of cultures, [35]-37; on scope of Bronze Age, [34] Riss glaciation, [47] River terraces, determination of culture periods of early man through, [50]-52, [64], [72], [73] Rivet, Paul, on origin of early man in New World, [224]-25 Roberts, Frank H. H., Jr., [146]; digs Lindenmeier site, [150]; on early man in America, [125], [127], [278] Rogers, Malcolm J., challenges dating of Mohave and Pinto, [160] Romer, Alfred S., on extinction of mammals, [203] Romero, Javier, on Tepexpan man, [138] Rosholt. See [Dating] Rostrocarinates. See [Eoliths]
S Saltadora Cave, paintings in, [112]-13 Sandia Cave, dating of man found in, [191]; findings at, [165], [184]; points found with extinct mammals in, [191] Sauer, Carl, [169]; on agriculture in New World, [265]-66, [272]; on backwardness of living American tribes, [223]-24; on cornlike Asian grasses, [274]; on existence of glacial man, [290]; on extinction of mammals, [202]-3; on migration routes, [22]; on pluvials, [294] Sauk Valley man, [133] Sautuola, Marcelino de, [112] Schultz, C. Bertrand, discoveries of, [166]; on existence of glacial man, [290] Scopes trial. See [Monkey trial] Scott, William B., on historic existence of Pleistocene mammals, [197] Sculpture, [171]; Aurignacian, [98], [256]; Magdalenian, [107], [256] Sellards, E. H., believes Oklahoma find glacial, [146]; discoveries of, [133]-34, [171] Seton, Ernest Thompson, [200] Shanidar Cave, [96] Simpson, Sir George C., on rainfall during Great Ice Age, [294]; on solar energy during glaciation, [57]-59 Simpson, George Gaylord, [281] Smith, Sir Grafton Elliot, [16]; on autochthonous origin of Indian cultures, [239]-40 Smith, Joseph, [15], [16] Smith, Philip S., on crossing into New World, [20] Smith, Reginald A., [173] Solecki, Ralph S., [96] Solutreans, [102]-7, [283]-84; artifacts of, [158], [165]; hypothesis of invention of bow and arrow by, [108]; hypothesis of origin of, [104]; as offshoot of Mousterians, [104], [284]; painting and sculpture of, [256] Southern apes, [85]-87 Spear points, association with animal fossils of, [149], [189]; Clovis Fluted, [148]-49, [153], [169], [180]-81; Folsom, [144]-51, [153]-62, [164]-66; invention of, [88], [90]; Ohio Fluted, [148]; as puzzle of New World, [281]-83; as signs of migration routes, [20], [21]; Solutrean, [104]-7 Spillman, Franz, discoveries of, [194]-95 Spinden, Herbert J., on possibility of paleolithic man in Americas, [287]-88 Stahl, Willy, discoveries of, [170] Steinheim man, [80]; resemblance to Swanscombe, [79] Stephens, John L., [129] Stewart, George R., on significance of scrapers, [103]; on use of animal carcasses, [35] Stewart, T. D., [134]; on Tepexpan man, [138] Strong, Duncan, [274]; and Indian myths, [192] Strong, W. D., discovers milling stones, [169] Sullivan, Louis R., [218] Swanscombe man, [80]; similarity to Neanderthal man of, [77], [78]
T Talgai man, [221], [224] Tang, in Aterian arrowheads, [105]-7; in Solutrean points, [104]-6 Tartars, thought to be forebears of Indians, [13], [14] Taylor, Griffith, on early Australoid migration, [223]-24 Telanthropus, [85] Ten Kate, C. F., discovers Pericú skulls, [135]; recognizes Australoid in America, [218] Tepexpan man, [137]-38, [278]; challenged, [140] Terra, Helmut de, discoveries of, [137]-38, [175], [177] Thomsen, Christian Jutgenson, defines culture periods, [33] Tools, in association with animal fossils, [164]-67, [169], [177], [179], [195]; Aurignacian, [99], [107]; chopping, [286]-87; core, [100], [174], [183], [286]; for the dead, [88]; earliest association of human remains with, [75], [84], [85]; flake vs. core, [68]; flaked, [70], [80], [81], [86], [88], [90]-94; of Fontechevade man, [80]; natural development of, [67], [68] Tree rings, [49] Treganza, A. E., discoveries of, [160] Trepanning, defined, [7] Tule Springs, discoveries at, [182]
U Uhle, Max, excavates Quito find, [194]-95 Uranium, in dating, [139]-40
V Vaillant, George C., [xii]; dates sites of Indian culture, [247] Varves, [132]; defined, [49] Vavilov, N. I., on temperate origins of agriculture, [266] Vespucci, Amerigo, [11] Vicuña, [8] Voltaire, on origin of man in New World, [15]
W Weapons, in food gathering, [41] Wegener, A. L., hypothesis of drift of continents by, [224] Wegner, R. N., [223] Weidenreich, Franz, [83]; on Tepexpan man, [138] Wenchung, Pei, [84] Whitney, J. D., [123] Wilford, L. A., on Sauk Valley skull, [133] Wilson, Thomas, [124]; speculates on paleolithic hand axes, [173]-74 Wissler, Clark, on cultural range and variety, [7]; on first migration of man to New World, [277]-78 Woman, as begetter of neolithic age, [38] Woodbury, George and Edna, on newer western craniums, [135] Wormington, H. M., [162] Wright, Sewall, hypothesis on extinction of mammals by, [202] Wright, W. B., on flake and core tools, [70] Writing, as determinant in time scale, [115]; in Indian culture, [246], [253], [255], [262]
Y Yukon Valley, as migration route, [21]
Z Zero, invention of, [7], [255] Zeuner, Frederick E., on advent of Aurignacians, [100]; on glaciation, [54], [55], [59]; on stay of Solutreans in Europe, [102] Zinjanthropus boisei, [85]