INDEX
This Index does not refer to Conventions, &c., printed in the Appendices.
A
Abuse of flag of truce, [281]
of neutral asylum, [419], [420]-423
Abyssinian War, referred to on:
hostile destination of goods, [505]
trial of neutral vessels after conclusion of peace, [556]
Acts of force initiative of war, [126]-128
Admiralty, origin of Board of, [239]
Aerial warfare. See [Air-vessels]
Aeroplanes, conditional contraband, [506]
Africa, case of the, [531]
invasion by, [207]
violence directed from, [150], [192], [227]
Alabama, case of the, [406]-409
Alaska Boundary dispute (1903), [18]
Alexander I. of Russia exacts oath of allegiance in Finland, [205]
Alexander II. of Russia, and laws of war, [81]
Alexis, case of the, [40]
Allegiance, oath of, [173], [205], [212]
Alverstone, Lord, [18]
Ambulances, See [Convoys of Evacuation]
American Civil War, referred to on:
blockade, [453], [454], [463], [465], [469]
ingress and egress of neutral warships during, [453]
contraband, [487], [499], [501]
neutral asylum during, [418], [443]
political agents on neutral vessel, [519], [530]
real war, [63]
sale of vessels during, [427]
stone-blockade, [450]
treatment of prizes in, [243], [557]
American-English War (1812), referred to on:
capture in neutral port, [442]
destruction of neutral prizes, [243]
reprisals, [307]
American War of Independence, referred to on:
convoy, vessels under, [536]
espionage, [198]
reprisals, [306]
treatment of prizes during, [243]
Amicable settlement of State differences. See [State differences]
Amiens, Peace of (1802), [332]
Amnesty, [334]
Analogous of contraband. See [Unneutral service]
Andersen v. Marten, case of, [555]
André, Major, case of, [198]
Angary:
derivation of right of, [449]
exercise of right of, [385], [510]
modern right of, [447]
obsolete right of, [446]
pre-emption of neutral goods under right of, [449]
Anna, case of the, [443]
Anne, Empress of Russia, [43]
Anspach, troops marched through, [392]
Arbitration:
a means of settling State differences, [5]
appointment of arbitrator, [17], [26]
appeal against, [31]
binding force of, [18], [25], [30]
competence of tribunal of, [29]
compulsory, [25]
conception of, [16]
costs of, [32]
early use of, [22]
efficacy of, [25]
Hague Convention, stipulations concerning, [24]
language to be used during, [26], [28]
minutes concerning, [28]
Permanent International Court of, [22], [23], [26], [27]-31, [561]
preliminary proceedings in, [27]
procedure of tribunal in, [27]
rules governing, [27]
summary procedure in, [32]
treaties of, [16], [18], [20], [26]
stipulations of, [18]
tribunal of Court of, [27]
Arbitration Treaties, [16], [20], [21], [26]
Area of operations during blockade, [471]
Argentina, blockades of (1838) and (1845), [49]
Armed Neutrality. See [Neutrality]
Armistices:
character of, [290]
commencement of, [296]
competence to conclude, [293]
contents of, [294]-296
end of, [299]
form of, [294]
hostilities, cessation of, during, [290], [295]
lines of demarcation during, [296]
partial, [293]
permissible acts during, [294]-296
purpose of, [291]
re-victualling during, [295]
suspension of arms during, [291]
violation of, [297]
by private individual, [298]
visitation of neutral vessels during, [290], [534]
Arnold, General, at West Point, [198]
Arrêt de prince, [45]
Aryol (or Orel), case of the, [256]
Asgill, Captain, case of, [307]
Askold, case of the, [422]
Assault, [191]-193
Asylum. See [Neutral Asylum]
Atalanta, case of the, [522]
Athens, ancient law of, concerning reprisals, [41]
Attack on enemy vessels, [225]-237. See also [Enemy vessels]
Aube, Admiral, on naval warfare, [264], [266]
Augusta Victoria, case of the, [390]
Aurora, case of the, [423]
Awni Illa, case of the, [269]
B
Bahama Islands, access refused to belligerent warships at, [418]
Baker, Sir Sherston, [281]
Baltic Sea, asserted neutralisation of, [90]
Baltica, case of the, [110], [116]
Barbarous forces, [98]
Barge, arbitration award of Mr., [19]
Basle, office for volunteers at, [399]
Bathurst, Lord, reprisal by, [307]
Beasts of burden as contraband, [486]
Belfort:
capitulation of, [286]
suspension of arms during siege of, [291]
Belgium, neutralisation of, 91, 358, 363, 368, 393, 411, [413], [428]
accessory, [93]
angary, right of, exercised by, [446]-449
appropriation of property by, [174]-187
armed forces of, [94]-106
asylum granted to, [409]-425
barbarous forces as, [98]
capture of neutral vessels by, [546]-552
complaints of illegitimate warfare by, [302]
conduct in general of, [378]
deserters, treatment of, by, [105], [335]
duties of, [378]-386
impartiality of neutrals towards, [362], [381]-383
intercourse between subjects of, [135]-138, [275], [333]
and neutrals, [117], [365], [385], [428]
irregular forces of, [96]
levies en masse of, [97], [152], [190], [313]
loans to, by neutrals, [430]
merchantmen of. See [Merchantmen]
military operations by and against, neutrals, [386]-397
military preparations by and against [397]-409
neutralised States as, [91]
neutrality to be recognised by, [367]
non-combatants with armed forces of, [95], [151], [169], [250]
non-hostile relations of, [273]-299
occupation of neutral territory by, [394]
principal, [93]
prisoners of, treatment, [167]-171
private enemy property, [139]. See also [Private enemy property]
privateers of, [99], [103], [357], [372], [534]
Prize Courts of, [395]. See also [Prize Courts]
property in enemy State of subjects of, [139], [182]
qualification to become, [62], [90]
regular armies of, [94]
representation at International Prize Court, [569]
rights of, [378]-386
services to, [153], [181], [212], [432]-437
subjects of, on enemy territory, [131]-135
supplies to, by neutrals, [375], [405]-409, [426]-430
trade between subjects of, [135]-138, [275], [333]
traitors. See [War criminals]
vassal States as, [91]
violation of neutrality by, [426], [438]-445
visitation of neutral vessels by, [428], [533]-545
volunteer fleets of, [100]-104
war rebels, treatment of, by, [98]
Bellona, case of the, [332]
Bentinck, promise of, to Genoa, [284]
Berlin:
Congo Conference of (1885), [11]
Decrees of (1806), [357], [453]
Treaty of (1878), [330]
Bermuda, case of the, [470], [500]
Bernadotte, [391]
Bismarck:
act of reprisal by, [317]
on diplomatic envoys in besieged town, [194]
on crews of captured merchantmen, prisoners of war, [250], [308], [317]
on right of angary, [448]
Black Sea, neutralisation of, [88]
area of operations in, [471]
breach of:
attempt at, [468]-472
canals, unblockaded and, [474]
capture on account of, [475]
consequences of, [475]-478
definition of, [466]
during armistice, [290]
egress and, [473]
ingress and, [472]
penalty for, [476]
practice of nations regarding, [386], [468]-475
what constitutes a, [468]-475
commercial, [452]
competence to establish, [456]
conception of, [450]-455
continuous voyage and, [469], [472]
contraband, seizure of, during, [290]
declaration of, 456, [458]
definition of, [450]
effectiveness of: [356], [461]-466
cessation of, [464]
condition of, [461]
danger necessary to create, [464]
distinguished from fictitious, [461]
end of, [460]
establishment of, [456]-461
existence of, [466]
fictitious, [461]
international rivers and, [454]
inward, [453]
justification for, [455]
knowledge of, necessary for breach, [466]
neutral vessels, time for egress of, [459]
notification of, [456], [459], [466]
former practice of nations regarding, [457]
outward, [453]
pacific. See [Pacific blockade]
places liable to, [453]
postal correspondence during, [237], [385]
strategic, [452]
universality of, [452]
Bluntschli:
on continuous voyage, [504]
on courts of justice during occupation, [215]
Bolivia-Peruvian Boundary Dispute (1910), [19]
Bombardment:
by naval forces, [266]-270
Bonfils, on carriage of contraband, [504]
Booty on battlefield, [163], [177], [181]
Bosphorus and Dardanelles, [102]
Bougainville, safe-conduct granted to, [232]
Boundary disputes:
between Bolivia and Peru, [19]
between Great Britain and U.S.A., [18], [19]
between Great Britain and Venezuela, [18]
Boundary treaty of Buenos Ayres (1881) between Argentina and Chili, [89]
Bowles, Mr. Gibson, on withdrawal from Declaration of Paris, [100]
British Foreign Enlistment Act, [358], [375], [494]
Brussels:
Conference of (1874), [208], [308]
Declaration of (1874), [81], [171]
Buenos Ayres, Boundary treaty of (1881), between Argentina and Chili, [89]
Bukarest, treaty of (1886), [92]
Bulgaria as a belligerent while under Turkish suzerainty, [62], [92]
Buller, Sir Redvers, proclamation by during the South African War, [65]
Bullets, expanding and explosive, [149], [250]
Bulmerincq, proposal regarding Prize Courts, [560]
Bundesrath, case of the, [500], [502], [552]
Bureau of Information in war, [163], [171], [181]
Bynkershoek:
on intercourse during war, [135]
on neutrality, [350], [361], [422]
C
Cabinet Ministers, capture of, [153]
Camille, case of the, [426]
Cancellation of treaties on account of:
violation by one party, [338]
war, [129]
Capitulations:
character and purpose of, [284]
competence to conclude, [287]
contents of, [285]
flag of truce and, [286]
form of, [286]
violation of, [289]
Captain W. Menzel, case of the, [376]
detention in, after peace, [170], [336]
discipline in, [169]-170
effect of treaty of peace on, [335]
law regarding, development of, [165]-167
parole, release on, [170]
relief societies assisting those in, [171]
treatment of prisoners of war in, [167], [306]
who may be taken into, [151], [152], [153], [169], [250], [308]
Capture of neutral vessels:
abandonment after, [551]
conduct to port after, [547]
destruction after, [547]-551
effect of, [546]
grounds of, [546]
mode of, [546]
ransom after, [551]
recapture after, [551]
release after, [551]
after conclusion of peace, [555]
by International Prize Court, [572]-579
claims after, [557]
municipal matter, a, [553]
protests after, [557]
result of, [555]
Carolina, case of the, [519]
Caroline, case of the, [376]
Carriage of contraband. See [Contraband of war]
Cartel ships:
rules regarding, [283]
seizure of, [236]
Cartels:
definition and purpose of, [275], [282]
ransom of soldiers arranged by, [166]
Carthage, case of the, [506]
Castro, de, [40]
Catharine, Empress of Russia, [355], [357]
Cattaro, access refused to belligerent warships at, [418]
Cesarewitch, case of the, [423]
Cessation of hostilities, simple, [323], [324]
Chablais and Faucigny, neutralisation of, [88]
Chambers of Reunion, the so-called, [61]
Charles XII. of Sweden, dictum of, [147]
Charleston, blockade of, [450], [465]
Chauvinism, [38]
Chino-Japanese War (1894), referred to on:
asylum on neutral man-of-war, [423]
Citizens. See [Private individuals]
Civil war:
commencement of, [374]
neutrality during, [365]
termination of, [323]
Clinton, Sir Henry, [198]
Coal as contraband, [487]
Columbia, case of the, [390]
Commerce during war:
between belligerents' subjects, [135], [275]
between subjects of belligerents and neutrals, [352], [365], [385], [428]
Commercen, case of the, [501]
Commercia belli, [274]
Commercial blockade, [452]
Commercial treaty. See [Treaties]
Commission: of Arbitration, [18]
of Inquiry,[ 7]
Compensation for violations of the Laws of War, [319]-321, [439]
Complaints of belligerents, [302], [303]
Compromis, [26]-31
Compulsive settlement of State differences. See [State differences]
Concentration camps, [153], [190]
Conference of Berlin (1885), [11]
Confiscantur ex navibus res, ex rebus naves, [219]
Confiscation: at outbreak of war, [139], [140], [174]-182, [204], [218]
for carrying contraband, [508]-514
Congo Conference of Berlin, [11]
Congress of Vienna (1815), [88]
Conquest, 325. See also [Subjugation]
Consolato del mare, [218], [219], [349], [352], [534]
Consular activity, rupture of, [129]
Continuous voyage, doctrine of, [469], [472], [491], [499]-506
Continuous transport: doctrine of, [499]-506
partial recognition of, by Declaration of London, [505]
absolute, [481], [483], [490], [498], [505]
analogous of. See [Unneutral Service]
articles for use of carrying vessel not considered, [493]
beasts of burden as, [486]
capture for, [506]
circuitous, [499]-506
consequences of, [506]-514
Continental opinion on, [504]
direct, [497]
indirect, [500]-506
penal by municipal law, [495]
penalty for, [508]-514
without knowledge of war, [140], [235], [512]
coal as, [487]
conception of, [480]-495
conditional, [481], [485], [491], [498], [506]
continuous transports, doctrine of, [499]-506
cotton as, [487]
definition of, [480]
foodstuffs as, [486]
horses as, [486]
hostile destination essential to, 490
money as, [487]
seizure of, during blockade, [290]
seizure of, without seizure of vessel, [513]
Contraband vessels, [390], [494]
Contracts between subjects of belligerents, [137], [138], [333]
Contributions, [183]-187, [264], [267]
Convoy: vessels under enemy, [542]
vessels under neutral, [535]-537, [543]
Convoy of evacuation, [160]
Cook, Captain, safe-conduct granted to, [232]
Copenhagen:
Battle of (1801), [356]
Treaty of (1830), [542]
Corfu, neutralisation of, [88], [369]
Cotton as contraband, [487]
Court of Arbitration at the Hague. See [Permanent Court of Arbitration]
Courts of Justice, during occupation of country, [214]
Crete:
during the Turco-Italian War, [87]
Crimean War, referred to on:
asylum to men-of-war, [418]
blockade, [453], [454], [464], [465]
contraband, [501]
enemy property at sea under neutral flag, [220]
enemy subjects on belligerent's territory, [132]
letters of marque, [220]
loans, flotation of, [431]
merchantmen at outbreak of war, [140], [235]
D
Danous, case of the, [112]
Danube, blockade of the, [453], [454]
Dardanelles, [102]
Dead, treatment of the, [162], [254]
Dearborn, General, reprisal by, [307]
Declaration concerning:
diffusion of asphyxiating gases, [82], [150], [250]
expanding (Dum-Dum) bullets, [82], [149], [250]
launching of projectiles from balloons, [82], [150], [250]
Declaration of:
London (1909), [83], [360], [554]
referred to on:
blockade, [452]-478
capture of neutral vessels, [547]-552
contraband, [480]-514
enemy character, [107], [113], [117]
free articles, [492]
transfer of enemy vessels, [118]
transfer of enemy goods, [120]
trial of neutral vessels, [555]-558
unneutral service, [435], [515]-532
visitation of vessels, [536], [537], [540]-545
Paris (1856), [52], [79], [100], [101], [103], [130], [220], [221], [226], [242], [303], [354], [358], [384], [385], [452], [461], [481], [536]
St. Petersburg (1868), [80], [149], [250]
Declarations of:
blockade, [456]-459
neutrality, [374]
war, [122]-125
Delagoa Bay, case of, [502]
Den Beer Portugael, General, and rules on bombardment, [266]
Denmark, treaty by, affecting neutrality, [372], [389]
Swedish territory sold by, [205]
Despatches:
bearers of, [197]
carriage of, for enemy, [435], [515], [516], [521]-524, [525], [526], [528], [531]
right of sending, [194]
Dessaix, case of the, [244]
Destruction of enemy property:
arms and ammunition, [189]
during bombardment, [195]
merchantmen, [242]-245
monuments, [189]
necessary, [188]
provisions, [189]
wanton, [187]
works of art, [189]
Devastation, general, [190]
De Wütz v. Hendricks, [430]
Diana, case of the, [236], [422]
Dieppe, blockade of, [454]
Diplomacy, [75]
Diplomatic envoys:
capture of, [154]
carriage of, by neutrals, [517]-521
despatches of, [435]
found on enemy territory by a belligerent, [384]
in besieged towns, [194]
letters of marque granted by, [357]
Diplomatic intercourse, rupture of, [129]
Discovery, case of the, [232]
Distress, vessels in circumstances of, [418], [472]
Distribution of Prize Money Proclamation (1866), [248]
Doelwijk, case of the, [505], [556]
Dogger Bank, case of, [7], [15]
Dolus non purgatur circuitu, [499]
Domicile of owner determines character of goods, [115]
Drago doctrine, [25]
Duclair, British coal-vessels at, [448]
Dunant, Jean Henry, on treatment of wounded, [155]
Dupleix, case of the, [89]
Dutch East India squadron, attempted seizure of, [350]
E
Edmonds, Colonel, [82]
Effects of outbreak of war on:
belligerents' property on enemy territory, [139]
belligerents' subjects in enemy State, [131]
diplomatic relations, [129]
merchantmen, [140]-143
persona standi in judicio, [133]
States in general, [128]
trade between belligerents' subjects, [135]
treaties, [129]
El Arish, capitulation of, [287]-289
Elba, case of the, [424]
Elisabeth, case of the, [236]
conception of, [44]-46
different kinds of, [45]
instance of, [40]
Emblems of:
hospital ships, [258]
medical service of armies, [161]
Emilia, case of the, [110]
Ems, exclusion of the river, from blockade, [454]
conception of, [106]
of goods, [115]-117
when transferred, [119]
of individuals:
enemy subjects domiciled in enemy country, [110]-112
enemy subjects in neutral countries, [112]
neutral subjects domiciled in enemy country, [109]-112, [385]
neutral subjects serving in armed forces of belligerents, [109]
neutral subjects serving in police and administration of belligerents, [109]
of vessels, [112]-115
when transferred, [117]
unneutral service creating, [524]-526
Enemy convoy, [542]
Enemy property. See [Public enemy property]; [Private enemy property]
Enemy territory, occupation of:
an aim of warfare, [204]
constructive, [208]
courts of justice, position of during, [214]
duties arising from, [210]
end of, [210]
envoys' position during, [384]
neutral property during, [384]
officials' position during, [213]
rights arising from, [210]-213
treatment of inhabitants during, [210]-213
treatment of subjects of neutrals during, [213], [384]
appropriation of, [238]-249
attack and seizure of, [225]-237
effect of seizure of, [231]
furnishing of, by neutrals, [358], [372], [375], [389], [405]-409
immunity from attack granted to, [232]-237
in neutral waters, [395]-397, [400]-404
legitimate attack on, [225]
medical and hospital staff of, [260]
neutral goods on, [232], [542]
postal correspondence on, [237], [385]
religious staff on, [260]
sick bays on, [257]
Escape from captivity, [170], [172]
Espionage, [196]-199, [262], [313]
Euridice, case of the, [426]
Explosive bullets, [149], [250]
F
Facultas bellandi, [90]
Fanny, case of the, [542]
Faravelli, bombardment of Turkish vessels in the harbour of Beirut by Italian naval forces under Admiral, [269]
Faucigny, neutralisation of, [88]
Fécamp, blockade of, [454]
Federal States, wars by members of, [63], [68], [92]
Fictitious blockade, [461]
Fides etiam hosti servanda, [273]
Fiore, [504]
First Armed Neutrality, [354]-356, [370], [461], [462], [481]
First Coalition, [357]
Fishing-boats, immunity from seizure, [234]
Flag: character of vessel determined by, [112]
transfer of vessels to neutral, [117]
Flags of truce:
bearers, treatment of, [279]
capitulations and, [286]
land warfare and, [278]
meaning of, [278]
naval warfare and, [278]
occasions when used, [278]-282, [287], [302]
Flight. See [Escape]
Flinders, safe-conduct granted to, [233]
Florida, case of the, [443]
Foodstuffs as contraband, [486]
Foraging, [181]
Foreign Enlistment Act. See [Enlistment Act]
Formosa, blockade of, [49], [52]
Forsigtigheten, case of the, [426]
Franciska, case of the, [465]
Franco-British wars referred to on:
(1793), property in enemy State of belligerents, [139]
(1803), subjects of belligerents on enemy territory, [131]
(1793), treaty obligations, [372]
Franco-German War, referred to on:
armistices, [291], [292], [296], [297]
asylum to belligerents, [411], [415]
belligerents' subjects on enemy territory, [132]
blockade, [454]
cable laying, [436]
capitulation, [286]
courts of justice, [215]
diplomatic envoys in besieged towns, [194]
Franctireurs, [96]
hostages, [317]
loans, flotation of, [431]
merchantmen, [222], [235], [236], [244]
neutrality, [89], [368], [369], [400], [413], [415]
passage of volunteers through neutral territory, [399]
pilotage, [433]
postliminium, [342]
prisoners of war, [250], [336]
prizes, [244]
sieges, [193]
supplies by neutrals, [427], [428]
suspension of arms, [291]
train-wrecking, [318]
unorganised hostile expedition, [400]
vessels sailing under flag of another State, [233]
Franctireurs, [96]
Frankfort, Treaty of (1871), [329], [338], [343]
Frankfort-on-the-Main, subjugation of, [327]
Freden, case of the, [441]
forcible levies by, [205]
Frederikshamm, Peace treaty of (1809), [205]
Free articles, [481], [483], [492]-494
French Prize Courts set up in America, [357], [395]
Friendship and Commerce, treaties of, [167], [221], [371], [508]
Fürst Bismarck, case of the, [390]
G
Gaëta, blockade of, [49]
Gelderland, case of the, [433]
General, case of the, [502]
General Armstrong, case of the, [442]
Genêt, letters of marque granted by, [357], [395]
Geneva: Court of Arbitration, [444]
Société d'utilité publique, [155]
Geneva Convention:
adaptation of the principles of, to naval warfare, [80], [82], [252]-262
application of the, [163]
general provisions of the, [164]
non-combatants and the, [415]
origin of the, [154]
prisoners and the, [151], [250]
wounded and dead and the, [80], [154]-165, [181]
Geneva Cross, [161], [162], [164], [203], [258]
Genoa, capitulation of, [284]
German coast, blockade of, [454]
German contract for felling trees in French forests, [342]
Gessner on carriage of contraband, [504]
Good offices:
complaints by belligerents to neutrals settled by, [303]
duty of asking for, [13]
duty of receiving offer of, [13]
Hague Convention, rules regarding, [12]-14
mediation compared with, [11]
Russo-Japanese War and, [15]
value of, [14]
Goods sold by and to enemy subjects, enemy character of, [115], [119], [135]-138, [249]
Government officials, deposition by enemy of, [214]
Greece, blockades of, [48], [49], [51]
Grossovoi, case of the, [422]
Grotius, cited on:
captivity, [166]
enemy subjects on belligerent's territory, [110]
declaration of war, [121]
destruction of enemy property, [189]
Guerilla war, [70], [190], [209]
H
Hague Conventions concerning:
bombardment by naval forces in time of war (IX.), [83], [265], [268]-270
capture in maritime war, restrictions on the exercise of the right of (XI.), [83], [105], [233], [234], [237], [250], [360], [385], [522]-524, [526]
commencement of hostilities (III.), [82], [123]-127, [363], [374]
debts, employment of force for the recovery of contract (II.), [25], [46]
disputes, pacific settlement of (I.), [6], [12]-14, [20], [23]-33, [122]
Geneva Convention, adaptation of the principles of (X.), [82], [236], [250], [251], [252]-262, [274], [413], [424], [425]
International Prize Court, establishment of an (XII.), [108], [114], [117], [240], [241], [245], [360], [552], [555], [563], [565]-579
merchant ships at the outbreak of hostilities, status of enemy (VI.), [83], [140]-143, [235]
merchant ships, conversion of, into war-ships (VII.), [83], [103], [360], [376]
mines, laying of automatic submarine contact (VIII.), [83], [227]-229, [360], [445], 463
neutral Powers and persons in war on land, rights and duties of (V.), [83], [94], [107], [108]-110, [359], [364], [371], [382], [383], [384], [387], [389], [390], [393], [398], [399], [412], [414], [427], [431], [434], [435], [448]
neutral Powers in maritime war, rights and duties of (XIII.), [83], [359], [376], [380], [382], [383], [384], [389], [394], [395], [396], [400], [401]-404, [408], [418]-423, [427], [432], [436], [441], [443], [445], [494]
war on land, laws and customs of (IV.), referred to on:
angary, exercise of right of, [448]
armistices, [290], [291], [293], [296], [297], [298]
assault, bombardment and siege, [192]-195
booty, [177]
Bureau of Information, [171]
espionage, treason, ruses, [196]-199, [201], [202], [313], [315]
flags of truce, [278]-281
Geneva Convention, [80]
irregular forces, guerilla bands and levies en masse, [70], [96], [97], [313]
killing and wounding, [147], [148]
means of land warfare, [145], [148]
means of securing legitimate warfare, 301, 304, 308, 319, [321]
non-combatants, [95]
occupation of enemy territory, [206], [207], [211], [214]
parole, [170]
persona standi in judicio, [134]
prisoners of war, [167], [169], [172], [250], [336]
private individuals, [153], [298]
property in enemy State, [140], [174]-182, [188]-190
property of the dead, [163], [274]
quarter, [147]
relief societies, [171]
requisitions and contributions, [184], [185], [186], [438], [448]
telegraph cables, [271]
Hague Court of Arbitration. See [Permanent Court of Arbitration]
Hague Declarations concerning:
asphyxiating gases, prohibition of use of, [82], [150], [250]
bullets, expanding, prohibition of use of, [82], [149], [250]
projectiles, prohibition of discharge of certain, [82], [150], [227], [250]
Hague Peace Conferences: of 1899: [17], [81], [149], [150], [156], [222], [252];
of 1907: [81], [108], [123], [140], [222], [223], [224], [233], [234], [252], [320], [383]
Haimun, case of the, [437]
Hale, case of Captain Nathan, [199]
Hall, on requisitions and contributions in naval warfare, [264]
Halleck, on:
abuse of flag of truce, [281]
ruses, [263]
stratagems and perfidy, [202]
Hanover, subjugation of, [327]
Harmony, case of the, [110]
Hautefeuille, on:
justification of blockade, [455]
right of visitation of neutral vessels, [534]
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901), [89]
Heads of States: power of making treaties when prisoner, [331]
violence against, [147], [153]
Heffter on occupation of enemy territory, [205]
Heilborn, on war material on neutral territory, [416]
Henfield, Gideon, case of, [358]
Hertha, case of the, [89]
Herzog, case of the, [502], [552]
Hesse-Cassel:
case of the Domains of, [344]
subjugation of, [327]
Hipsang, case of the, [548]
Hobbs v. Henning, [503]
Holland, blockade of, [49]
Holland on:
armistices, [290]
bombardment, [266]
contraband, [522]
doctrine of continuous voyage, [500], [503]
indemnities, [180]
pacific blockade, [48]
release of neutral prize, [552]
Hon-kohe Bay, Russian fleet in, [404]
Horses as contraband, [486]
Hospital ships, [236], [254]-257
emblem of, [258]
Hostages, [153], [213], [246], [317]-319
Hostilities:
between belligerents. See [War]
by and against neutrals, [386], [387]
effect of simple cessation of, [323], [324]
instances of simple cessation of, [323]
Hübner, proposal regarding Prize Courts, [559]
Huddy, Joshua, case of, [306]
Hussar, case of the, [263]
I
Icona, case of the, [548]
Iltis, case of the, [424]
Imina, case of the, [503]
Indemnities for:
neutral cargo on destroyed enemy vessels, [244], [245]
neutral innocent cargo on destroyed neutral vessels, [550]
private property, [142], [180], [182], [184]
Indians, as members of regular forces, [99]
Industrie, case of the, [525]
Inflexible, case of the, [282]
Information regarding military and naval operations, [211], [434]
Inquiry Commissions, [7]
Institute of International Law on:
aerial warfare, [151]
angary, [447]
bombardment, [266]-268
capture, [546]
carriage of contraband, [504], [510]
commencement of war, [123]
contributions and requisitions, [265]
effect of war on treaties, [131]
laws of war, [81]
mines, sub-marine, [229], [445]
neutrality, [408]
prizes, [244]
reprisals, [308]-309
submarine cables, [271], [272]
visitation, [534]
Insurgents as belligerents, [69], [92]
between subjects of belligerents, [135]-138, [275], [333]
between subjects of neutrals and belligerents, [117], [352], [365], [385], [428]
International Bureau of the International Court of Arbitration, [27]
acts as registry for Commissions at the Hague, [8]
acts as registry for the International Prize Court, [562], [569], [573], [579]
International Commission of Inquiry:
in the Dogger Bank case, [7], [15]
procedure at an, [7]-9
International Conference at the Hague (1904), [256], [257]
International Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables, [271]
International Court of Arbitration. See [Permanent Court of Arbitration]
International Postal Union, in time of war, [130]
International Prize Court:
action in damages in the, [577]-579
Administrative Council of the, [569]
competence of the, [529], [541], [569]-571
constitution of the, [565]-569
Convention (XII.) for the establishment of an, [563]
costs of parties before the, [576]
expenses of the, [576]
law to be applied by the, [571]
personnel of the, [565]
procedure of the, [572]-577, [578]
projects for an, [360], [559]-563
registry of the, [569], [573], [579]
seat of the, [568]
tasks for the, [542], [543], [544], [545], [554], [557]
International Rivers, blockade of, [454]
Intervention:
conception of, [54]
distinguished from participation, [54]
illegitimate warfare and, [302]
instance of, [388]
mode of, [55]
right of, [304]
time of, [55]
Invasion in contradistinction to occupation, [98], [206]
Invincible, case of the, [282]
Ionian Islands, neutrality of, [88], [369]
Irregular forces, definition of, [96]
Italian Marine Code (1865), [222]
Italian Prize Commission, [556]
J
Jakoga, Major, case of, [199], [315]
Jameson raid, [62]
Jemchug, case of the, [423]
Johanna Emilie, case of the, [110]
Joinville, Prince de, on bombardment, [266]
belli, [91]
postliminii, [339]
See also [Right]
K
Kaiserin Maria Theresia, case of the, [390]
Kamranh Bay, Russian fleet in, [404]
Keith, Lord, and capitulation of El Arish, [288]
Kléber, General, and capitulation of El Arish, [287]
Kleen, on carriage of contraband, [504]
Knight Commander, case of the, [548]
Korea, [87]
as theatre of war, [387], [395]
Korietz, case of the, [388], [424], [442]
Kow-shing, case of the, [114], [424]
Kriegs-manier, [84]
Kruger, President, conveyance to Europe, [433]
L
La Santissima Trinidad, case of the, [405]
Lambermont, Baron, cited on private individuals who commit hostile acts, [66]
aims of, [144]
assault, [191]-193
asylum during. See [Neutral asylum]
bombardment, [191]-195
captivity. See [Captivity]
contributions, [153], [186], [212]
convoys of evacuation, [160]
dead, treatment of the, [162]
distinguished from sea warfare, [145]
emblems denoting medical establishments and personnel, [161], [203]
enemy property. See [Public enemy property;] [Private enemy Property]
espionage, [196]-199
expanding bullets, [149]
explosive bullets, [149]
explosives from balloons, [150]
flags of truce, [278]
killing of combatants, [146]
lawful practices in, [144], [148]
means of, [144]
medical establishments, units, and material, [158], [195], [493]
medical personnel, [159]
objects of means of, [145]
occupation. See [Enemy territory], occupation of
prisoners, who may be made, [151], [152], [153], [169]. See also [Prisoners of War]
projectiles: from balloons, [150]
diffusing noxious gases, [150]
quarter, refusal of, [147]
requisitions, [153], [183]-186, [212]
ruses, [200]-203
sick, treatment of, [154]-165
siege, [191]-194
stratagems, [200]-203
treason, [199]
unlawful practices in, [144], [148], [192], [193]
violence against enemy persons, [146], [151], [153]
wounded, treatment of, [154]-165
wounding of combatants, [146], [148]
Lapérouse, Count, granted safe-conduct, [233]
binding force of, [83]
development of, [79]-83
treaties regarding, [79]-83
Legitimate warfare, means of securing, [300]-321
Le Hardy contre La Voltigeante, [111]
Lena, case of the, [422]
L'Espiègle, case of the, [443]
Letters of marque, [42], [46], [100], [220], [239], [351], [357], [399], [534]
Levies:
en masse, [97], [152], [190], [313]
forcible, 205, 211
on neutral territories forbidden, [398]
Licences:
special, of ingress and egress during blockade, 453
to trade, [275]
Lichtenstein, war with Prussia, [323]
Lieber, on rules of war, [80]
Lien on war material, [416]
Lion, case of the, [424]
Lippencott, Captain, case of, [307]
Loans, [430]-432
London: Declaration of. See [Declaration of London]
Naval Conference of (1908-9), [108], [360], [536], [577]
Treaty of (1863), [88]
Louis XIV.: Ordinance of 1681, concerning neutral property, [219]
practice of embargo, [446]
Louis Napoleon, award of, in the case of the General Armstrong, [442]
Ludwig, case of the, [244]
Lushington, on blockade, [462], [463], [464]
Luxemburg, neutrality of, [91], [368], [393], [413]
Luxor, case of the, [507], [558]
M
Madison, Mr., reprisal by, [307]
Magellan, Straits of, neutralisation of, [89]
Mailbags during war, [237], [385], [524]
Mailboats during war, [236], [526], [531], [535]
Malacca, case of the, [102]
Man-of-war, neutral, as an asylum, [423]
Manouba, case of the, [531]
Marauding, [316]
Maritime Convention of St. Petersburg (1801), [356], [536]
Martens, von, [18]
Mason, Mr., case of seizure of, [519], [530]
Mediation, [10]-15
difference between good offices and, [11]
duty of asking for, [13]
duty of receiving, [13]
Hague Convention, rules regarding, [12]-14
legal value of, [5]
occasions for, [10], [303], [328]
particular form of, [14]
value of, [14]
Mediatorial Conference possible, [10]
Medical establishments, &c. See [Land Warfare], also [Naval warfare]
Menam, blockade of, [49]
Menou, General, and capitulation of El Arish, [288]
appropriation of, [218]-224, [238]-249
attacking, [313]
attack on, [104], [225], [226]
conversion into men-of-war, [100]-104
conversion into men-of-war after
destruction of, [242]-245
immunity from seizure of, [234], [235]
neutral goods on, [218]-220, [244], [384]
ransom of, [245]
restoration of, [247]
sale of goods on, in transitu, [119], [249]
seizure of, [231]
status of, at outbreak of war, [140]-143
voyage of, at outbreak of war, [235]
Merchantmen, neutral:
crews of, [250]
enemy goods on, [115], [218]-224, [356], [385]
giving transport to belligerents, [433], [525]
rendering unneutral service, [386], [434], [524]
rescuing wounded, &c., [259]
under convoy, [355], [535], [543]
under enemy flag, [112]-115, [233], [248]
Messina, blockade of, [49]
Meteor, case of the, [405]
Mexico, blockade of, [49]
Military operations and neutrals, [386]-397
Military preparations and neutrals, [397]-409
Militia, [94]
Convention concerning the laying of, [228], [463]
floating mechanical, [227]-231
submarine contact, [227]-231, [445], [463]
Mitylene, seizure of the island of, [43]
Modena, subjugation of, [327]
Modeste, case of the, [441]
Money as contraband, [487]
Montara, case of the, [114]
Moynier, Gustave, [155]
Municipal neutrality laws, [364], [375], [418], [422]
Municipal officials, deposition by enemy, [214]
N
Nancy Court of Appeal, case of, [215]
Naniwa, case of the, [114], [423]
Napoleon I.:
act of reprisals by, [131]
Berlin decrees of (1806), [357], [453]
seizure of works of art by, [177]
troops ordered by, to march through neutral territory, [391]
Nassau, subjugation of, [327]
Nationality of owner determines character of goods, [116]
Naval Code: Italian, [222]
United States. See [United States]
Naval Conference of London. See [London]
Naval Prize Act (1864), [245], [247]
Naval Prize Bill (1911), [240], [245], [247]
aims of, [216]
asylum during. See [Neutral asylum]
bombardment of enemy coast, [266]-270
cables, interference with submarine, [271]
contributions, [264]
dead, treatment of, [254]
enemy merchantmen. See [Merchantmen]; [Prizes]
espionage, [262]
flags of truce, [278]
French Ordinances relating to, [219]
hospital ships, [236], [254]-257
hospital staff on ships, [260]
law of, impending codification, [224]
lawful practices, [217]
medical staff on ship, [260]
objects of, [218]
prisoners, who may be made, [250]
private property at sea during, [218]-223
prizes. See [Prizes]; [Prize Courts]
religious staff on ship, [260]
requisitions, [264]
restrictions on the right of capture, [232]-237
ruses, [262]
shipwrecked, treatment of, [253]
sick, treatment of, [253]
treason, [262]
unlawful practices, [217]
violence: against combatants, [249]
against non-combatants, [250]
against enemy civilians, [251]
wounded:
articles destined for the, [493]
treatment of, [253]
neutral ships assisting, [259], [423]-425
Navarino, battle of, [48]
Negotiation:
conception of, [6]
effect of, [9]
importance of, [9]
legal value of, [5]
peace, [328]
procedure during, [6]
Negroes, as members of regular forces, [99]
Nelson, [356]
Nereide, case of the, [542]
Netherlands, right of convoy claimed by the, [535]
Neumayr de Ramsla, [349]
abuse of, [420]-423
exterritoriality of men-of-war in, [419]
facilities rendered to vessels in, [402], [404], [420], [422], [423]
fugitive soldiers and, [413]-415
in general, [409]
land and naval forces distinguished as regards, [417]
land forces and, [409]-416
naval forces and, [417]-425
neutral men-of-war as, [423]
non-combatants of belligerent forces and, [415]
option of State to grant, [417]
prisoners of war and, [410], [419]
vessels in distress in, [418]
war material in, [415]
Neutral goods:
innocent, on destroyed neutral vessels, [550]
on enemy men-of-war, [232], [542]
on such enemy merchantmen as are being destroyed, [244]
Neutralisation, temporary, [89]
Neutralised States as belligerents, [91], [93], [386]-389
Neutrality:
angary, right of, [446]-449
armed, definition of, [369]
the First and the Second. See [First Armed Neutrality]; [Second Armed Neutrality]
asylum, to land forces, [409]-416
naval forces, [417]-425
war material, [415]
belligerents to recognise, [367]
benevolent, [370]
blockade. See [Blockade]
characteristics of, [361]-368
civil war and, [365]
commencement of, [373]-377
conception of, [361]
contraband. See [Contraband of war]
Conventions, [383]
conventional, [369]
declarations of, [374]
definition of, [361]
development and institution of, [347]-360
different kinds of, [368]-372
end of, [377]
in general, [369]
impartiality, contents of duty of, [362], [381], [383]
instances of, [350]
intercourse during, no cessation of, [365], [385]
knowledge of war necessary for, [373]
laws prescribing attitude of, [375]-377
military operations and, [386]-397
military preparations and, [397]-409
partial, [369]
perfect, [370]
perpetual, [368]
qualified, [370]-372, [389], [392]
rights and duties derived from, [363], [378]-386
rule of 1756, [114], [353], [499]
treaties affecting, [371]-372
violation of. See [Violation of neutrality]
voluntary, [369]
Neutrals:
asylum. See [Neutral asylum]
belligerents occupying territory of, 394
conduct in general of, [362], [378]
depôts and factories of belligerents on territory of, [397]
fugitive soldiers in custody of, [413]-415
hostilities by and against, [386]-389
impartiality of, [362], [381]-383, [386]
intercourse between enemy and, [365], [385]
loans by, to belligerents, [430]
on the part of subjects of, [430]-432
men-of-war, built and fitted out by, [405]-409
passage of, through waters of, [393]
rescuing wounded, &c., [259], [424]
supplied by, [389]
military operations and, [386]-397
information regarding, [434]-437
military preparations and, [397]-409
mines, laying of, by, [445]
naval operations and, [400]-409
information regarding, [434]-437
organisation of hostile expeditions by, [400]
pilotage by, [432]
Prize Courts on territory of, [395]
prizes of belligerents and, [395]
relations of, with belligerents, [378]-449
representation at International Prize Court, [569]
rights and duties of, [363], [378]-386
services by, to belligerents, [389], [432]-437
subjects of, fighting for belligerents, 390
supplies by, to belligerents, [375], [405]-409, [426]-430
on part of subjects of, [427]-430
transport by, [424], [433]-434
troops, levy of, by, [398]
vessels of, rescuing wounded, [259], [424]
Neutral territory:
as a base of naval operations forbidden, [400]-404
as an asylum, [410]-416, [425]
despatches carried over, [435]
other uses made of, by belligerents, [394]-399, [400]
passage through, [372], [382], [391]-394, [399]
shipwrecked, the, on, [424]
Newspaper correspondents in naval warfare, [437]
Niagara, case of the, [465]
Nickolsburg, Preliminaries of, [329]
Nigretia, case of the, [519]
Nimeguen, Peace of (1678), [61]
Non-combatants:
attached to armies, [95], [151], [158]-161, [169]
attached to naval forces, [250], [254]-257, [415]
Non-hostile relations, [273]-299
North-Eastern Boundary Dispute between U.S.A. and Great Britain, [19]
North-German Confederation, [100]
North Sea outrage. See [Dogger Bank]
Northern war, selling of territories during, [205]
Notification:
of blockade, [457]-459
of bombardment, [194]
of outbreak of war, [125], [374]
Novara, case of the, [233]
Novik, case of the, [423]
O
Occupation of enemy territory. See [Enemy territory]
Oki, Captain Teisuki, [199], [315]
Oldhamia, case of the, [548]
Oleg, case of the, [423]
Open Sea:
angary, right of, on, [447]
belligerents in neutral ports leaving for, [401], [402], [421]
capture on the, [526]
contraband on, [495]
despatch carriers on, [526], [528], [531]
enemy property found on, by belligerents, [547]
goods on neutral vessels on, [495]-514
jurisdiction over foreign subjects on, [364]
mechanical mines in, [227]
neutral merchantmen on, [128]
neutralisation of parts of, [88]-90
order on the, in thirteenth century, [239]
region of war, [85]
telegraph cables in, [271], [272]
visitation on, [534]
Orange Free State, annexation of, [327]
effective occupation of, [209]
Ordinances by France on neutral ships and goods, [219]
Orinoco Steamship Company, case of, [19]
Orozembo, case of the, [518]
Outbreak of war:
after declaration, [123]
after initiative hostile acts, 126
after ultimatum, [125]
effects of. See [Effects of outbreak of war]
in general, [121]
notification of, [125]
P
development of, [48]
disposal of vessels seized during, [52]
instances of, [48], [49], [51], [52]
mode of, [52]
third States and, [51]
value of, [53]
variations of practice in, [51]
war not necessarily caused by, [53]
Pacifico, Don, case of, [41], [49]
Palme, case of the, [233]
Panama Canal, neutralisation of the, [89]
Papal States, [327]
Paris:
Act of November (1815), [392]
Declaration of (1856). See [Declaration of Paris]
Peace treaty of. See [Peace treaty]
Parma, subjugation of, [327]
Parole, release on, [170], [172]
Pascal, case of the, [424]
Passage through neutral territory:
of individuals intending to enlist, [399]
of prisoners of war and wounded, [412]
of troops, [372], [382], [391]
of wounded, [392]
Passports, [276]
Paul, Emperor, armed neutrality in reign of, [355], [356]
Paxo, neutralisation of, [88], [369]
Peace:
negotiations for, [328]
preliminaries of, [329]
restoration of condition of, [332]
Peace Conferences. See [Hague Peace Conferences]
Peace Societies, so-called, [22]
Peace treaty of:
Amiens (1802), [332]
Berlin (1878), [330]
Bukarest (1886), [92]
Frankfort (1871), [329], [338], [343]
Frederikshamm (1809), [205]
London (1863), 88; (1864), [88]
Nimeguen (1678), [61]
Paris (1856), [11]
Portsmouth (1905), [15], [329], [331], [555]
Prague (1866), [329]
Pyrenees (1659), [537]
San Stefano (1878), [330], [335]
Westminster (1654), [535]
Zürich (1859), [329]
Perfidy, instances of, [202], [263], [281], [285]
Permanent Court of Arbitration, [13], [22], [23], [26], [157], [561]
Administrative Council of the, [565], [569]
International Bureau of the, [8], [27], [562], [569], [573], [579]
procedure of the, [27]-31
Persia, emblem of medical service, [161], [259]
Persona standi in judicio of alien enemies, [133]
Peterburg, case of the, [102]
Peterhoff, case of the, [454], [470], [500], [501]
Phillimore on:
blockade, [462]
continuous voyage, [500]
reprisals, [42]
violations of neutrality, [371]
Pillage, [181]
Pilotage by neutrals, [432]
Poison in warfare, [85], [148], [193], [249]
Port Arthur, battle of, [423]
surrender of, [285]
Portalis, declaration by, [64]
Portsmouth, Peace treaty of (1905), [15], [329], [331], [555]
Portugal, treaty affecting neutrality of, [372]
Postal Convention:
between Great Britain and Holland (1843), [237]
between Great Britain and France (1860), [236]
Postal correspondence during war [236], [385], [524]
Postilion, case of the, [112], [115]
conception of, [339]
effects of, [340]
illegitimate acts and, [343]
interregnum debars, [343]
legitimate acts unaffected by, [342]
revival of former state of things, [341]
Prague, Treaty of (1866), [329]
Preliminaries of peace, [329]
Prévost, General, reprisal by, [307]
Princesse Marie, case of the, [548]
Prisoners of war, [134], [151], [152], [153], [165]-173, [250], [306], [308], [316], [335], [411], [419], [420]
appropriation of, [174], [179]-182
booty on battlefield, [163], [177], [181]
conveyed into belligerents' territory, [182]
destruction of, [187]-191
during bombardment, [194], [195]
immovable, [179]
on enemy territory, [139]-143
personal, [180]
transport, means of, [180]
utilisation of, [179]
war material, [180]
works of art and science, [180], [195]
during siege and bombardment, [193], [194]
hostility in arms of, [97], [152], [312]
intercourse and trade with enemy subjects, [135], [405], [427]-432, [434]-437
of neutral States, treatment of, [363]-365
persona standi in judicio, [133]
position at outbreak of war, [131]
position in general as regards war, [63]-67
property of, on enemy territory, [139]
requisitions in kind and service from, [152], [184]-187, [211]-213
violence against, [151], [251]
Privateering, [103], [219], [353]
Privateers, [99], [357], [372], [534]
appeal against judgment of, [241], [529], [530], [555], [557]
blockade runners, adjudication of, [476]
captured neutral vessel to be tried by, [510]-514, [529], [530], [544], [547]-552
claims after judgment of, [557]
conduct of neutral vessels to, [547]
continuous voyage and, [499]
discretion of, as to confiscation, [544]
origin of, [238]
practice of, [553]
purpose of, [239]
reform projects for, [559]
territory on which instituted, [240], [395]
abandonment of, [246]
cargo of, [242]
conduct of, to Prize Court, [241], [546]
crew of, [105], [231], [242], [547]
distribution of prize money, [248]
hostage for ransom, [246]
loss of, [246]
neutral goods on, [242], [244], [530]
ransom of, [245]
safe keeping on neutral territory, [395]
sale of, [396]
effect of, [248]
Property. See [Private enemy property]; [Public enemy property]
Prussian Regulations regarding Naval Prizes, [505]
appropriation of, [174]-178, [183]
at sea, [218]
booty on battlefield, [163], [177]
destruction of. See [Destruction of enemy property]
during bombardment, [195]
immoveable, [174]-175
moveable, [176]-177
on enemy territory, [139]
Pufendorf, [295]
Pursuit, right of. See [Right of pursuit]
Pyrenees, Peace treaty of (1659), [537]
Q
Qualification of belligerents, [90]-92
Qualified neutrality, [370]-372, [389], [392]
Quarter:
duty of giving, [147], [231], [249]
refusal of, [147]
Quartering of soldiers, [181], [185]
R
Railways, use of, in war, [139], [176], [180], [447], [448]
Ramillies, case of the, [263]
Ransom of prize, [245]
Rapid, case of the, [522]
Ras-el-Tin Fort, case of, [282]
Rebellion contrasted with war, [62]
Rebels, [70]
Recapture of prizes, [246], [551]
Receptum arbitri, [17]
Recognition as a belligerent Power, [69]
Red Cross, [161], [164], [203], [258]
Red Sea, proposed neutralisation of, [90]
Region of war, [85]-90
exclusion from, through neutralisation, [88]
Relief Societies, [171]
Reparation for:
exercise of right of angary, [385]
violation of neutrality, [352], [380], [442]
Reprisals:
admissibility of, [40], [46], [281], [305]
arbitrariness in, danger of, [306]
by whom performed, [41]
cessation of, [46]
conception of, [38]
embargo, [40], [44]. See also [Embargo]
inception of, [46]
instances of, [131], [147], [306]-308
laws of war not binding in case of, [84]
objects of, [42]
peace, distinguished from war, [46], [305]
proportionate to wrong done, [44]
restriction of, proposed, [308]
Requisitions, [153], [181], [183]-186, [212], [264], [267]
Reshitelni, case of the, [389], [442]
Resistance to visitation, forcible, [540]-543
Retorsion:
conception and characteristics of, [36]
exercise of, [37]
importance of, [36]
justification for, [37]
reprisals contrasted with, [38]
value of, [38]
Reuss, M. de, [40]
Riga, blockade of, [464]
of convoy, [535]
of pursuit of a vanquished army into neutral territory, [352], [387]
of pursuit of a defeated fleet into neutral waters, 352, 387, 422
of stoppage in transitu, [120]
of visit and search, [290], [533]
See also [Jus]
Rio de Janeiro, blockade of, [49]
Rio Grande, blockade of the, [454]
Rivier, [84]
Riza Bey, Colonel, made prisoner, [531]
Roberts, Lord:
action concerning train wrecking, [318]
proclamations during South African War, [318]
reprisal by, [306]
Robe d'ennemy confisque celle d'amy, [219]
Roche, Hon. J. B., case of, [376]
Rojdestvensky, Admiral, in territorial waters, [404]
North Sea outrage and, [7]
Rouen, blockade of, [454]
Rule of 1756, [114], [353], [499]
characteristics of, [200]
distinguished from perfidy, [202]
Russo-Japanese War referred to on:
armistice, [331]
asylum to men-of-war, [422], [423]
booty on battlefield, [182]
capitulation, [285]
declaration of war, [123]
destruction of enemy merchantmen, [243]
destruction of neutral prizes, [548]
Dogger Bank case, [7]
disguised soldiery, [202], [302]
enemy subjects on belligerent's territory, [132]
hospital ships, [256]
intervention, [388]
irregular forces, [96]
loans, flotation of, [431], [432]
mechanical mines, [227]
merchantmen at outbreak of war, [235]
neutrality, [87], [359], [375], [387], [390], [422]
peace negotiations, [329], [331]
prisoners of war, [336], [424]
prizes, destruction of, [243]
region of war, [87], [387], [395]
release of neutral prizes, [555]
telegraphic facilities, [436]
unneutral service, [519], [525]
volunteer fleets, [102]
warships in neutral waters, [404]
war treason, [315]
Russo-Swedish War (1788), referred to on neutrality, [372], [389]
Russo-Turkish War (1877), referred to on:
flag, use of false, [262]
loans, [431]
merchantmen at outbreak of war, [235]
peace negotiations, [330]
S
Safe-conducts, granting of, [232], [276]
Safeguards, [277]
St. Kilda, case of the, [548]
St. Petersburg:
Declaration of. See [Declaration of St. Petersburg]
Maritime Convention of (1801), [356], [536]
Sale of vessels in time of war, [117], [248], [390], [426]
San Stefano, Peace treaty of, [330], [335]
Sardinia, subjugation of States by, [327]
neutral property on armed enemy vessels condemned by, [542]
on capture of enemy vessels in neutral waters, [443]
on contraband, [503]
on unneutral service, [519]
on vessels under neutral convoy, [543]
See also [Stowell, Lord]
Scouting, [197]
Scouts, use of armed natives as, [99]
Sea warfare. See [Naval warfare]
Search:
resistance to, [540]-545
right of, over merchantmen, [533]-540
during armistice, [290]
Second Armed Neutrality, [355]-357, [370], [461], [468], [481], [536]
Sedan, battle of, [393]
Seizure, immunity of vessels from, [232]-237
See also [Enemy vessels]
Seven Years' War, forcible levies in, [205]
Ship. See [Enemy vessels]; [Merchantmen]
Ship papers, [543]-545
Shipwrecked, treatment of the, [252]-262, [424]
Sicilian sulphur monopoly, [39], [45]
Sicilies, subjugation of the Two, [327]
Sick-bays, [257]
Silesia, passage of troops through, [391]
Silesian loan, case of the, [44], [557]
Sinnet, Mr., case of, [376]
Slidell, Mr., case of seizure of, [519], [530]
Smith, Sir Sidney, and capitulation of El Arish, [287]
Smolensk, case of the, [102]
Solferino, battle of, [155]
effective occupation of, [209]
South African War referred to on:
amnesty, [334]
concentration camps, [190]
devastation, [190]
enemy character, [109]
enemy subjects on belligerent's territory, [132]
hostages, [318]
natives as scouts, [99]
need of an International Prize Court, [561]
neutrality, [359]
neutrals' subjects fighting in the, [109]
passage of troops, [372]
prisoners, [147]
repatriation, [173]
reprisals during, [306]
subjugation, [327]
transport, [433]
vessel, release of, [552]
Spanish-American War referred to on:
cable laying, [436]
cancellation of treaties, [129]
flag, use of false, [262]
merchantmen at outbreak of war, [235]
Spanish Armada, prisoners from, on neutral territory, [411]
Spanish Colonies' War of Independence, sale of vessels in (1825), [426]
Springbok, case of the, [470], [500], [501]
Stackelburg, Baron de, case of, [43]
amicable settlement of, [3]-33
four ways, [5]
compulsive settlement of, [34]-56
conception, [34]
ultimatums and demonstrations, [35]
war distinguished from, [34]
Law of Nations and, [4]
legal, [3]-5
causes of, [3]
settlement of, [4]
political, [3]-5
causes of, [3]
settlement of, [4]
States:
duty of, in neutrality, [363]
qualification to make war, [90]-93
Stephen Hart, case of the, [470]
Stockholm, Convention of (1905), [89]
Stoessel, General accused of perfidy, [285]
Stoppage in transitu, right of, [120]
Story, Mr. Justice, [501], [542]
on immunity of fishing-boats, [234]
on Prize Courts, [554]
See also [Scott, Sir William]
Stratagems. See [Ruses]
Strategic blockade, [452]
definition of, [326]
formal end of war, [326]
instances of, [326]
Submarine cables, [271], [436]
Submarine mines. See [Mines]
Subsidies, [430]-432
Suez Canal, neutralisation of, [88], [102]
Suspension of arms, [291]
Swineherd, case of the, [332]
Swiss Bundesrath, on treatment of wounded, [155]
Swiss Federal Council and the Geneva Convention, [164]
Switzerland, neutralisation of, [91], [348], [358], [363], [368], [369], [392], [413], [415], [428]
troops marched through, [392]
Sybille, case of the, [263]
T
Tagus, blockade of the, [49]
Talbot, case of the, [424]
Telegraph cable, interference with submarine, [271]-272
use of, by belligerents, [435]-437
Telegraphy, wireless, [436], [437]
Temeraire, case of the, [282]
Tetardos, case of the, [548]
Tetens, proposal regarding Prize Courts, [560]
Thea, case of the, [548]
Theatre of war, [85]
Torpedoes, [227]
Trading between belligerent's subjects. See [Intercourse]
Train-wrecking, [318]
Traitors, [105]
Transfer: of enemy goods, [119]
of enemy vessels, [117]
Transmission of intelligence for the enemy, [521]
Transport on the part of neutrals, [424], [433], [434]
Transvaal. See [South African Republic]
Treason, [199], [262], [313]-316, [318]
cancellation of, at outbreak of war, [129]
cancellation through violation by one party, [339]
of Arbitration, [16], [20], [21]
of Commerce (1871), [221], [509]
(1894), [17]
of Friendship and Commerce (1785), [167], [221], [508]
(1778), [371]
Treaty of:
Buenos Ayres (1881), [89]
Copenhagen (1830), [542]
Washington (1871), [557]
Westminster (1654), [535]
amnesty under, [334]
breach of, [338]
competence to conclude, [330]
contracts, suspended, and, [333]
date of, [331]
effects of, [332]-337
forces in distant parts, effect on, [332]
form of, [330]
interpretation of stipulations of, [337]
negotiations for, [328]
normal end of war, [327]
parts of, [330]
performance of, [337]
preliminaries of, [329]
principle of uti possidetis, [334]
prisoners of war, release of, [335]
revival of treaties, [336]
Trent, case of the, [519], [530]
Trial of captured neutral vessels, [553]-558
Tripoli, ultimatum threatening occupation of, [126]
Tsu Shima, battle of, [423]
Turco-Italian War (1911), referred to on:
bombardment by naval forces, [269], [303]
carriage of contraband, [506]
complaints to neutral Powers during, [303]
mediation, [11]
Red Sea, proposed neutralisation of, [90]
rules of the Declaration of London, [360]
subjects of belligerent expelled from enemy territory, [132]
subjects of belligerent on enemy territory, [132]
unneutral service, [531]
Turco-Servian War (1877), violation of neutrality during, [391]
Turkey, emblem of medical service of, [161], [259]
Tuscany, subjugation of, [327]
Twee Gebroeders, case of the, [443]
U
Ukase of 1809, 357
Ultimatum, 35, 125
Umpire in arbitration, [16], [32]
United States of North America:
Foreign Enlistment Act of, [358], [375]
Instructions for the Government of Armies of the, in the Field (1863), [67], [80], [98]
International Prize Court and the, [577]
neutrality of, [371], [398], [400]
War code: land, [67], [80], [98]
naval [83], [217], [224], [233], [243], [262], [265], [272], [285], [447], [460], [486]
Unneutral service, [386], [434]
capture for, [526]
carriage of despatches, [515], [521]-524, [528], [531], [532]
consequences of, [526]-532
diplomatic personages, carriage of, for enemy, [519], [532]
enemy character created by, [524]
enemy persons, carriage of, [515], [517]-521
kinds of, [515]
mailboats carrying despatches, [526], [531]
penalty for, [527]
seizure of despatches, [530], [531]
seizure of enemy persons, [530], [531]
transmission of intelligence, [521]
Uriu, Admiral, in Korean neutral waters, [388]
Uti possidetis, principle of, [324], [334]
Usus in bello, [78]
V
Variag, case of the, [388], [424], [442]
Vassal States, wars by, [62], [68], [91], [92]
Vattel on:
armistices, [295]
loans to belligerents, [430]
neutrality, [350]
occupation of territory, [205]
perfidy, [263]
reprisals, [44]
Vega, case of the, [233]
Venezuela:
boundary dispute (1900), [18]
Venus, case of the, [112]
Versailles, Preliminaries of Peace of, [329]
Vessels. See [Enemy vessels]; [Contraband vessels]
Victor, case of the, [427]
Vienna Congress, Act of 1815, [88]
Vigilantibus jura sunt scripta, [295]
Villafranca, preliminaries of Peace Treaty of, [329]
Violation of:
armistices, [297]
capitulations, [289]
neutral territory, [384]
neutrality, [93], [438]-445, [371], [380], [507]
conception of, [438]
consequences of, [439]
distinguished from end of, [439]
mines laid to prevent, [445]
negligence by neutrals conducive to, [444]
neutrals and, [440]
reparation from belligerents for, [352], [380], [442]
what constitutes, [389]-409, [412], [422], [426], [429], [430], [433], [435]-437
peace treaties, [338]
rules of war, [310]
Violence: in land warfare, [146]-154
in naval warfare, [249]-251
Visitation of neutral vessels:
armistice and, [534]
conception of right of, [533]
convoyed vessels, [355], [535]-537, [542]
exercise of, [534]
mailboats, [535]
men-of-war, [535]
papers and, [543]-545
private vessels, [535]
procedure, [538]
resistance to, [540]-543
by neutral convoy, [543]
consequences of, [540]
rules regarding, no universal, [537]
search, [539]
stopping vessels for purpose of, [538]
what constitutes, [541]
Vladimirowka, occupation by the Japanese, [96]
Voluntary Aid Societies, [158]-160
Volunteer corps, [94]
Volunteer fleet, [100]-104
Vorwärts, case of the, [244]
Vrow Houwina, case of the, [501]
W
aerial warfare, [150], [192], [207], [227]
armed forces in, [63]
belligerents. See [Belligerents]
causes of, [72]-75
just, [74]
pretexts distinct from, [75]
cessation of hostilities, simple, [290], [323]-324
characteristics of, [59]-72
commencement of, [121]
conception of, [60]-63
declaration of, [122]-125
diminution of, [75]
effects of the outbreak of, [128]-143
enemy character. See [Enemy character]
guerilla, [70]-72
illegitimate, [300]
initiative hostile acts, [126]-128
kinds of, [76]
land. See [Land warfare]
laws of. See [Laws of war]
legality of, [59]
legitimate, [300]
means of securing, [300]-321
manifestoes of, [121]
naval. See [Naval warfare]
non-hostile relations of belligerents during, [273]-299
outbreak of, [121]-128. See also [Effects of outbreak of war]
participants in, [62]
poison and poisoned arms in, [85], [148], [193], [249]
postliminium. See [Postliminium]
pretexts for, [75]
private individuals:
status during, [63]-67
hostilities by, [97], [152], [298], [312]
purpose of, [67]
region of, [85]-90
right to make, [91]
sea. See [Naval warfare]
subjugation. See [Subjugation].
temporary condition, a, [322]
termination of, [322]-332
territory neutralised in case of, [88]-90
theatre of, [85]
treaty of peace. See [Treaty of peace]
ultimatum, [125]
violation of rules of, [310]
War crimes:
conception of, [309]
kinds of, [310]-316
punishment for committing, [316]
effect of treaty of peace on, [335]
in land warfare, [66], [96], [97], [197], [289], [303], [334]
in naval warfare, [226]
War of Secession (1861), [63]
Washburne, case of Mr., [194]
Washington:
Three Rules of, [18], [406], [444]
Treaty of, [557]
Wellington, Duke of, on bombardment, [266]
Westlake, proposition for Court of Appeal in prize cases, [560]
Westminster, Treaty of (1654), [535]
Wheaton, on resistance to visitation, [542]
William, case of the, [499]
Wireless telegraphy, use of by belligerents, [435]-437
Wounded:
articles for the use of, [493]
treatment of, [154]-165, [252]-262, [393]
Z
Zouche, on contraband, [508]
Zürich, Peace of (1859), [329]
THE END
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