FOOTNOTES:

[1] See G. Kurth, Notre nom national.

[2] H. Colenbrander, De Belgische Omwenteling.

[3] I am much indebted for the drawing of the maps in the book to Mr. Isidore Versluys, librarian of the Historical Seminary in the University of Louvain.

[4] A wide expanse of sandy soil extends from east to west almost uninterruptedly across Belgium; the eastern section of this, covering the northeastern portions of the provinces of Antwerp and Limburg, is called the Campine. Cf. R. C. K. Ensor, Belgium, p. 24.

[5] The term “Walloon” comes from Wala, “foreigner,” the name that was given by the Teutonic invaders to the Gallo-Romans dwelling behind the Sylva Carbonaria. The name Wala is to be connected with the terms “Welsh,” “Wales,” apparently of the same origin and given to the Britons and their country by the Anglo-Saxon invaders.

[6] R. C. K. Ensor, Belgium, pp. 37-38.

[7] By Walloon-Flanders is to be understood the southern part of the county, including the cities of Lille, Douai, and Béthune.

[8] During the reign of Count Robert (1093), William the Conqueror, then King of England, adopted a hostile attitude toward Flanders. As a result Robert gave his daughter in marriage to the King of Denmark and, in agreement with him, planned an invasion of England. The hostile attitude of the English kings of the Norman dynasty turned the counts of Flanders to seek again the protection of France.

[9] The outlet to the sea for the city of Bruges was by means of the river Zwyn.

[10] Inferno, XV, 4-6.

[11] The priests and monks, as subject to the canon or ecclesiastical law, were not citizens. They were judged by their special tribunals, not by the échevinage.

[12] E.g., Rixensart, Baesrode, Middelkerke.

[13] Count Baldwin became Emperor of Constantinople and was killed by the Bulgarians after the battle of Adrianople (1205).

[14] According to the unpublished correspondence of Alexander Farnese which I have studied in the state archives of Naples and Parma. See the Introduction to the book by A. Cauchie and L. Van der Essen, Inventaire des archives farnésiennes de Naples (published by the Royal Commission of History), Brussels, 1910. See also L. Van der Essen, Les Archives farnésiennes de Parme au point de vue de l’histoire des Pays-Bas catholiques Brussels, 1913 (Royal Commission of History).

[15] According to the same sources.

[16] Attention has been called to the fact that the present King and Queen of the Belgians bear the same names: Albert and Elisabeth (Isabella).

[17] This information is given by Ensor, Belgium, pp. 103-4. At about the same time, the Nuncio Bentivoglio, in his famous Della Guerra di Fiandra, calls Belgium the arena militare of Europe.

[18] Mentioned by G. Kurth, Manuel d’histoire de Belgique, 2d ed.

[19] See R. Dollot, Les Origines de la neutralité de la Belgique et le système de la Barrière (1609-1830), Paris, 1902.

[20] The history of the establishment of Belgian independence is well described by Ensor, Belgium, pp. 123 ff., whom we largely follow in the narration of the revolution.

[21] As is well known, the “Brabançonne” became the national anthem.

[22] See Em. Waxweiler, La Belgique neutre et loyale, pp. 45 ff., Paris, Lausanne, 1915; Ch. de Visscher, “The Neutrality of Belgium,” Political Quarterly (1915), pp. 17-40.

[23] Article 10 of the Hague Convention, October 18, 1907.

[24] Article 5 of the Hague Convention.

[25] Despagnée and De Boeck, Descamps, Hagerup, and Blüntschli.

[26] “At the expiration of this term [one year after the War of 1870] the independence and the neutrality of Belgium will continue to be based as before upon Article I of the quintuple Treaty of April 19, 1839.”