History of Education

by Levi Seeley

INDEX

• A. B. C. der Anschauung, Herbart's, [281].
• Abelard at University of Paris, [141].
  • Benedictine teacher, [118].
  • leader of scholasticism, [122].
• Académies, in French school administration, [296], [297].
• Agricola, Johannes, school course of, [176] n.
• Agricola, Rudolphus, father of German humanism, [153], [158].
  • lectures of, [158].
• Ahriman, principle of darkness in Persian religion, [39].
• Albigenses, reformers in France, [165].
• Alcohol, Arabians discover, [145].
• Alcuin of England, Benedictine teacher, [118].
  • teacher of Charlemagne, [127].
• Alexander the Great, pupil of Aristotle, [65].
• Alexandria, catechetical school at, [107], [108].
• Museum of, [50].
• Saracenic school at, [140].
• school of rabbis at, [44].
• seat of philosophy, [107].
• Alexandrian library fostered by the Ptolemies, [50].
• Alfred the Great, becomes king, [130].
  • character and history of, [130].
  • education of, [131].
  • encourages education of higher classes, [302].
  • establishes monasteries, [131].
  • founds Oxford University, [131].
  • influence on English education, [131].
  • literary work of, [131].
  • statesmanship of, [130].
• Algebra, modern form of, [145].
• Allgemeine Pädagogik, Herbart's, [281].
• Ambrose, St., bishop of Milan, [114].
• America, discovery of, [165].
• American Revolution, establishes principle of self-government, [239].
• Analects of Confucius, [28].
• Analytical method of Aristotle, [67].
• Anatomy, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
• Annual Reports, Horace Mann's, [286].
  • of Bureau of Education, [310].
• Anselm, founder of scholasticism, [122].
• Antioch, catechetical school at, [107].
• Antioch College, Horace Mann president of, [288].
• Apostles, active in education, [101].
• Apostles' Creed, taught during Charlemagne's reign, [128].
• Apostolic Constitution quoted, [113].
• Apprentice schools, in France, [299].
• Aquinas, Thomas, Benedictine teacher, [118].
  • leader of scholasticism, [122].
• Arabians, services to education, [145].
• Architecture, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
• Aristotle, analytical method of, [67].
  • Athenian philosopher, [56].
  • called the Stagirite, [65].
  • pedagogy of, outlined, [66], [67].
  • pupil of Plato, [65].
  • teacher of Alexander the Great, [65].
• Arithmetic, in Charlemagne's reign, [128].
  • in Chinese schools, [24].
  • in India, [32], [33].
  • in Jewish education, [43].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • in monastic education, [119].
  • in Roman schools, [78].
• Arrondissements, in French school system, [297].
• Art, in Athens, [56].
  • in Egypt, [47].
• Arts, seven liberal, [118], [127].
• Aryans, in Greece, [53].
  • in India, [30].
  • in Persia, [36].
• Asceticism, influence on civilization, [116].
• Ascham, Roger, English educator, [190].
  • method of, [191].
  • Scholemaster, [190].
  • tutor to Elizabeth, [190].
• Assistant teachers, [307].
• Astrology, applications of, [120].
• Astronomy, applications of, [120].
  • Arabians' services to, [145].
  • Copernican system, [148].
• Astronomy taught in Egypt, [50].
  • taught in Mohammedan schools, [145].
  • taught to Jews, [43].
• Athenian education, criticism of, [59].
• Athenian educators, [61-67].
  • Aristotle, [65-67].
  • Plato, [63-65].
  • Socrates, [61], [62].
• Athens, [56-60].
  • aesthetic education in, [58], [59].
  • Aristotle founds Lyceum at, [66].
  • art and literature in, [54].
  • center of learning, [75].
  • contrasted with Sparta, [56].
  • criticism of education in, [59].
  • democratic government in, [57].
  • history of, [56].
  • home in, [57].
  • laws of Solon, [57].
  • Pericles, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, [56].
  • philosophers from, at Museum of Alexandria, [50], [51].
  • play important factor in child life, [57].
  • Romans study at, [74].
  • study of poets, [57], [59].
  • training of children, [57].
  • woman's status in, [58], [90].
• Attendance, compulsory, in English schools, [306].
  • in French schools, [297], [298].
  • in German schools, [291], [292].
  • in United States schools, [312].
• Augustine, St., City of God, Confessions, [114].
  • conversion of, [114].
  • influence of, [18], [115].
  • life of, [114].
  • pedagogy, [115].
  • services to education, [101].
  • works of, used in monasteries, [119].
• Augustus, age of, [74], [75].
• Azarias, Brother, on La Salle, [228].
  • on the Simultaneous Method, [227].
• 
  
  • school of rabbis at, [44].
• Babylon, Saracenic school at, [140].
  • Comenius applies principles of, [214].
  • degradation of, [207].
  • Inductive Method introduced, [207], [208].
  • influence of, [18].
  • life of, [205].
  • Montaigne's influence on, [195].
  • new era in education, [209].
  • Novum Organum, [207].
  • object teaching of, [189].
  • on Jesuit schools, [186], [187].
  • pedagogy of, [208], [209].
  • political advancement of, [206].
  • reforms of, [204].
• Bacon, Francis, character of, [206].
  • Saracenic school at, [140].
• Bagdad, caliphs foster education, [145].
• Barrett, influences Horace Mann, [285].
  • failure of, [254].
  • life of, [250].
  • methods of teaching, [250].
  • pedagogy of, [253], [255], [256].
  • Philanthropin established, [251], [252].
  • professor at Soröe, [251].
  • writings of, [255].
• Basedow, Elementary Book (Elementarbuch), [251].
• Basel, center of printing industry, [162].
  • pedagogy of, [106].
  • services to education, [101].
• Basil the Great, life of, [106].
• Beautifying of schoolrooms, [197], [198].
  • Monitorial system of, [307].
• Bell, Andrew, founds National Schools, [305].
• Belles-Lettres, in Chinese education, [25].
• Benedict, St., principles of, [117].
  • principles of, [117].
  • schools founded by, [118].
  • teachers, [118].
• Benedictines, growth of, [117].
• Berlin Conference, [236] n.
• Bernsdorf, Danish minister of education, [251].
• Besant, Walter, on Rabelais, [193], [194], [195].
  • study of, [153].
  • translated by Alfred the Great, [131].
  • translated into German, [168].
• Bible, only literature of early Christians, [95].
• Biographies of educators, [18].
• Blankenburg, Froebel's school at, [276].
• Bluntschli, advice to Pestalozzi, [260].
• Board of Education in United States school system, [310], [311].
• Board schools, established in England, [305].
• Boatman, third caste in Egypt, [48].
  • influences of, [151].
• Boccaccio, humanistic leader of Italy, [155], [157].
• Body, care of, [221], [230].
• Bologna, university established at, [124].
• Boniface, of Germany, Benedictine teacher, [118].
• Book of Method, Basedow's, [255].
• Books, school, adoption of, [290].
• Bouillon, Godfrey of, leads first crusade, [137].
• Brahma, Hindu worship of, [33].
• Brahmanism, Buddha seeks to overthrow, [35].
  • marriage of, [32].
• Brahmans, highest caste in India, [29], [30], [31], [32], [34].
• Brotherhood of man, value of principle, [91].
• Brothers of the Christian Schools, La Salle organizes, [227].
• Brown University, Horace Mann at, [285].
• Browning, on Milton's scheme of education, [220].
• Buddha, religion and spirit of, [35].
  • in India, [31].
  • religion based on moral acts, [35].
• Buddhism, in China, [21], [22], [27].
• Budding Intellect, Chinese degree, [26].
• Bulfinch, on Charlemagne, [126].
• Bureau of Education, U. S., [309].
  • Pestalozzi teaches at, [266].
• Burgdorf, Froebel at, [275].
• Burgundy, Duke of, taught by Fénelon, [224], [225].
  
• Caen, university at, [141].
• Cahors, university at, [141].
• Calculating boards, in Athens, [59].
• Caliphs, foster education, [145].
• Cambray, Bishop of, aids Erasmus, [161].
• Cambridge, University of, [141].
• Campe, leader of Philanthropin, [254].
• Canterbury, cloister school at, [118].
• Cantons, in French school system, [297].
  • in India, [30], [32].
• Caste system, in Egypt, [47-49].
  • decay of, [110].
• Catechetical schools, [107], [108].
• Catechumen schools, [104].
• Cathedral schools, [139] n.
• Catholic Church. See Church.
• Cavaliers, struggle with Roundheads, [200].
• Celestial Empire, civilization of, [20].
• Ceylon, Buddhism in, [35].
• Charity schools, in China, [23].
  • encourages education, [127], [128].
  • history, character, purpose of, [125], [126].
  • influence of, [18].
  • School of Palace established, [127].
  • summary of work of, [128], [129].
• Charlemagne, education of, [133].
• Charles V., of Spain, Emperor of Germany, [165], [166].
• Chemistry, taught in Mohammedan schools, [145].
• Child study, [319].
  • home training of early Christians, [94].
  • among Jews, [41], [42].
  • in Athens, [57].
  • in Egypt, [49].
• Children, a sacred trust, [91].
  • in Persia, [37].
  • in Rome, [76], [77].
  • in Sparta, [69].
  • weak, cast out in Sparta, [69], [73].
• Children, in India, [32].
  • belief in transmigration of souls, [22].
  • civilization of [20].
  • classics of, [25].
  • Confucius, [18], [24], [27], [28].
  • conservative character of, [21].
  • criticism of education, [27].
  • degrees in, [25], [26].
  • elementary schools in, [23], [25].
  • examinations in, [26].
  • geography and history of, [20], [21].
  • government and language in, [21].
  • higher education in, [25].
  • home in, [22].
  • lack of toys, [23].
  • motive for education, [52].
  • relation of parents and children, [22], [23].
  • religion in, [21].
  • science and inventions in, [26].
  • treatment of women in, [22].
• China, [20-28].
  • influence of, [96], [97].
  • life and character of, [96], [97].
  • methods of, [97], [98].
  • nature study of, [99].
  • principles of, [90], [91].
  • teacher, [97-100].
  • truth preached by, [99].
  • type of perfect manhood, [16].
  • value of teachings of, [89], [95].
• Christ, disciples of, [92], [93].
  • aim of, [91].
  • Alfred the Great's influence, [130], [131].
  • Basil the Great, [106], [107].
  • Benedictines, [117], [118].
  • catechetical schools, [107].
  • catechumen schools, [104].
  • Charlemagne, [125-129].
  • Chrysostom, [105], [106].
  • church connection with, [101].
  • Clement of Alexandria, [109].
  • conflict with pagan education, [111-115].
  • crusades, [102], [136-138].
  • difficulties in establishment of, [95].
  • feudal education, [132-135].
  • first Christian schools, [104], [105].
  • general view of, [89], [101], [103].
  • importance of individual, [91].
  • lessons and principles of, [90], [91].
  • monastic education, [102], [116-120].
  • Origen, [110].
  • St. Augustine, [114], [115].
  • scholasticism, [121-124].
  • seven liberal arts, [119], [120].
• Christian education, [89-314].
  • See also Renaissance, Humanistic educators, Reformation, Protestant
  • educators, Jesuits, Modern educators, School systems, and sixteenth,
  • seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth century education.
  • Tertullian, [112], [113].
  • Teutonic peoples, instrument of civilization, [103].
  • universities, [139-141].
• Christian education, slow growth of, [92], [93].
• Christiania, university at, [141].
  • lessons of, [90-92].
  • See also Christian education.
• Christianity, influence of, [96], [97].
  • life of, [105].
  • services to education, [101].
• Chrysostom, educational principles of, [105], [106].
  • authority in Renaissance, [150].
  • controls education, [112], [139].
  • corruption of, [151], [152], [166], [168].
  • degradation of, [151], [152].
  • influence of St. Augustine's writings on, [115].
  • supremacy of, [116].
  • the mother of schools, [102].
• Church, animosities between Catholics and Protestants, [200].
  • opposed to pagan literature, [113], [120].
• Church Fathers, direct educational movements, [101].
  • character of, [82].
  • death of, [82].
  • education of, [81].
  • life of, [81].
  • pedagogy of, [83].
  • Philippics of, [82].
  • Roman consul, [82].
  • services to education, [83].
  • works of, studied in monastic education, [119].
• Cicero, called Father of his Country, [82].
• Citizens in Sparta, [68].
• City of God, St. Augustine's, [114].
  • in Trotzendorf's pedagogy, [178].
  • new interest in, [149], [150].
• Classic languages, Humanists revive study, [149].
  • Tertullian excludes, [113].
• Classic literature, revival of study of, [155-157].
  • pupil of Pantaenus, [109].
  • teacher, [109].
• Clement of Alexandria, pedagogy, [109].
• Clermont, Jesuit college of, [183].
• Climate a factor in education, [16].
• Cloister schools established, [118].
• Clothing of children, Locke's rules regarding, [221].
  • in German villages, [292].
  • in Sparta, [71].
• Coeducation, in France, [298].
• Colleges, in United States school system, [312], [313].
• Colloquies, Erasmus's, [162].
  • university of, [141].
• Cologne, cloister school at, [118].
  • Didactica Magna, [213].
  • education of, [211], [212].
  • educational works of, [214].
  • honors bestowed on, [213].
  • influence of, [18].
  • influence of Bacon on, [214].
  • Latin Bohemian dictionary of, [213].
  • member of Moravian Brethren, [211].
  • object teaching of, [189].
  • Pestalozzi applies principles of, [269].
  • reforms of, [204].
  • settles in Poland, [213].
  • summary of his work, [215].
  • trials of, [212].
• Comenius, Johann Amos, banished, [212].
• Commandments, Ten, oldest writing among Israelites, [44].
• Committee of Council on Education, in England, [305].
  • in Germany, [292].
  • in United States, [310].
• Common schools, importance of, [287].
• Commonwealth, established, [200].
• Communes, in French education, [300].
• Compass, invention of, [148].
  • on Jesuit schools, [185], [187].
  • on Jesuits and Jansenists, [189].
  • on La Salle, [228].
  • on Locke, [221].
  • on Montaigne's pedagogy, [198].
  • on Rabelais's Gargantua, [194], [195].
  • on Rousseau, [242], [246].
  • on the Reformation, [166], [167].
  • on the Renaissance, [121].
• Compayré, on Comenius, [214].
• Composition, in Chinese education, [25].
  • Charlemagne introduces, [128].
  • in England, [306].
  • in France, [297], [298].
  • in Germany, [170], [181], [203], [291].
  • in United States, [312].
  • Luther insists on, [174].
• Compulsory education, among Jews, [42].
• Plato's scheme of, [65].
• Conduct of Schools, La Salle's, [228].
• Confessions, Rousseau's, [242], [243].
• Confessions, St. Augustine's, [114].
• Confucius, altar to, in Chinese schoolrooms, [24].
  • influence of, [18], [27].
• Confucius, analects of, [28].
• Conrad III., of Germany, leads second crusade, [137].
• Constance, cloister school at, [118].
• Continuation schools, in Germany, [292].
• Copenhagen, university at, [141].
• Copernicus, astronomical discoveries of, [148], [202].
  • Saracenic school at, [140].
• Cordova, caliphs of, foster education, [145].
  • Basil the Great on, [106].
  • Cicero's views regarding, [83].
  • in Jesuit schools, [186].
  • Quintilian's views regarding, [87].
• Corporal punishment, among Jews, [43].
• Council, Educational, governs French départements, [297].
• Counter-Reformation, [182].
• County, school administration of, [310].
• Cramer, on the crusades, [138].
  • of Chinese education, [27].
  • of Egyptian education, [51].
  • of Feudal education, [135].
  • of Hindu education, [34], [35].
  • of Jesuit education, [188].
  • of Jewish education, [44], [186].
  • of Persian education, [38].
  • of Roman education, [80].
  • of Spartan education, [71].
• Criticism, of Athenian education, [59].
• Cromwell, Commonwealth under, [200].
  • results of, [138].
• Crusades, influence on education, [102], [103], [136-138].
• Curtius, quoted, [72].
  
• Dancing, taught among Jews, [42].
  • birth of, [155].
  • Divine Comedy, [156].
  • education of, [155], [156].
  • humanistic leader of Italy, [155].
  • influence of, [151].
• Dante, banishment of, [156].
  • end of, [148].
• Dark Ages, slow progress during, [101].
• David, founder of Hebrew literature, [44].
• Dean, M. Ida, on schools in India, [33].
• Decimal system originated by Hindus, [34].
• De Garmo, on Herbart as a teacher, [279].
  • in French Universities, [299].
• Degrees in China, [25], [26].
• Demia, Charles, [227].
• Democratic government in Athens, [57].
  • in French school system, [297].
• Départements, erect normal schools, [300].
• Dervishes, in Persia, [38].
• Descartes on Jesuit schools, [186].
• Deserving of Promotion, Chinese degree, [26].
• Dessau, institute at. See Philanthropin.
• Dialectical method, of Socrates, [62].
• Dialogues of the Dead, Fénelon's, [225].
  • See Great Didactic.
• Didactica Magna, Comenius's, [213].
  • in Indian schools, [32].
  • in Jewish schools, [43].
  • in Roman schools, severe, [78].
• Discipline, in Chinese schools, [24].
• Discoveries, during Renaissance, [148].
• District inspector, in German schools, [291].
• District school board, in Germany, [290], [291].
• District system of education, in United States, [311].
• Dittes, quoted, [42], [274].
• Draper, on St. Augustine, [115].
• Drieser, on Quintilian, [86] n.
• Dualistic philosophy, of Zoroaster, [39].
  • leader of scholasticism, [122].
• Duns Scotus, Benedictine leader, [118].
• Dyeing, in ancient Egypt, [47].
  
• Earth, size of, ascertained, [145].
• Eberhard, Count, Reuchlin's friend, [159].
• Education of Girls, Fénelon's, [224].
• Education of Man, Froebel's, [277].
  • antiquity of its history, [47].
  • caste system in, [47-49].
  • criticism of education in, [51].
  • dyeing, embalming, etc., in, [47].
  • geography and history of, [46], [47].
  • higher education in, [50].
  • home in, [49].
  • influence of priests in, [47], [48].
  • mechanic arts in, [47].
  • military class in, [48].
  • motive for education in, [52].
  • pilgrimages to, for study, [47].
  • polygamy in, [49].
  • status of woman in, [49].
• Egypt, [46-52].
• Egyptian education, criticism of, [51].
  • See also Modern educators.
• Eighteenth century education, general view of, [237-240].
• Elementary Book (Elementarbuch), Basedow's, [251], [255].
  • in Athens, [58].
  • in China, [23].
  • in England, [306].
  • in France, [298], [299].
  • in Germany, [192].
  • in India, [32-34].
• Elementary education, among Arabians, [145].
  • in United States, [312].
  • neglected by Jesuits, [184], [187].
• Elementary education in Rome, [77].
• Elizabeth, Queen, taught by Roger Ascham, [190], [192].
• Emerson, on the Middle Ages, [147].
• Émile, Rousseau's, [243-249].
• Emulation, as incentive in Jesuit schools, [186], [188].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
• Engineering, in Ancient Egypt, [47-50].
  • attendance in schools, [306].
  • educational enterprise in, [308].
  • school system of, [303-308].
  • support of schools in, [307].
  • teachers in, [307], [308].
• England, administration of schools, [305].
• English rule in India, [31].
• Environment, a factor in education, [16], [17].
  • compared with Luther, [162].
  • humanistic leader, [153].
  • life of, [161].
  • literary authority of world, [162].
  • on Agricola, [158].
  • on Melanchthon, [171].
  • pedagogy of, [162], [163].
  • Praise of Folly, [162].
  • studies of, [161].
  • translation of Greek testament, [162].
• Erasmus, Colloquies, [162].
  • university of, [141].
• Erfurt, Francke preacher at, [233].
  • principles of, [122].
• Erigena, leader of scholasticism, [122].
• Ernst of Gotha, Duke, school law of, [203].
• Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke's, [221].
• Essays, Montaigne's, [198].
• Essex, benefactor of Bacon, [206].
• Eton, college at, [174], [306].
• Euclid, used in monastic education, [119].
• Eudemon, page in Rabelais's Gargantua, [194].
• Evening Hours of a Hermit, Pestalozzi's, [263].
  • in China, [25], [26].
• Examinations in Athens, [58].
• Exercise, Locke's rules regarding, [221].
  
• Fables, Fénelon's, [225].
• Factory laws, in England, [306].
  • See Home.
• Family, the foundation of education, [17].
  • education of, [34].
  • third caste in Egypt, [48].
• Farmers, caste in India, [30].
  • literature, [113].
• Fathers of church, opposed to pagan
• Faurier, Peter, [227].
• Fear, motive for study in China, [24], [27].
  • education of, [223], [224].
  • Education of Girls, [224].
  • head of convent of new Catholics, [224].
  • pedagogy of, [226], [227].
  • preceptor of grandson of Louis XIV, [224].
  • priest, [224].
  • reforms of, [204].
  • works of, [225].
• Fénelon, compared with Seneca, [225], [226].
• Feudal barons, influence of, [133].
  • criticism of, [135].
• Feudal education, [132-135].
  • defined, [132].
• Feudalism, crusades break power of, [138].
• Fichte, Herbart student of, [279].
• Finances, school, [290].
• Fit for Office, Chinese degree, [26].
• Food of children, Locke's rules regarding, [221].
• Forest of Pencils, Chinese degree, [26].
• Formalism in instruction, [194].
• Forsyth, on Cicero, [81], [82], [83].
  • attendance in schools, [297].
  • mother schools in, [298].
  • normal schools in, [297].
  • school system, [296].
  • support of schools, [299], [300].
  • teachers, [300], [302].
• France, administration of schools, [296], [297].
• Francis I., of France, [165].
  • education of, [232].
  • founds orphan asylum at Halle, [234].
  • Institutions at Halle, [234], [235].
  • organizes teachers' class at Halle, [228].
  • Privat Docent at Leipsic, [232].
  • Real-school, [236].
  • training of teachers, [235].
  • work among poor, [233], [234].
• Francke, August Hermann, called to University of Halle, [233].
• Frankfurt-am-Main, Froebel teaches in, [273].
• Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, leads third crusade, [137].
• Frederick I., recognizes university at Bologna, [140].
  • in Germany, [293].
  • in United States, [313].
• Free schools, established in France, [298-300].
• Freiburg-im-Breisgau, university at, [141].
• French Revolution, lessons of, [239], [264].
  • at Burgdorf, [275].
• Froebel, Friedrich Wilhelm August, as teacher, [273].
  • at Yverdon, [274].
  • Education of Man, Songs for Mother and Nursery, [277],
  • Fénelon anticipates, [226].
  • first school of, [275].
  • influence of, [18].
  • kindergarten of, [276].
  • lectures of, [277].
  • life of, [272], [273].
  • object teaching of, [189].
  • on Pestalozzi, [274].
  • school at Griesheim and Keilhau, [275].
  • soldier, [275].
• Froebel, F. W. A., at Universities of Göttingen and Berlin, [274].
• Fulda, cloister school at, [118].
  
• Galileo, punishment of, [117].
• Gargantua, Rabelais's, [193].
• Gate of Tongues Unlocked, Comenius's, [214].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219]
  • in monastic education, [119].
  • Neander favors study of, [179].
• Geography, a factor in education, [16].
  • in catechetical schools, [108].
  • in Jewish schools, [43].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • in monastic education, [119].
• Geometry, discovery of Pythagorean theorem, [73].
  • attendance in schools, [291].
  • effects of [30] Years' War on, [201], [202].
  • humanism in, [157].
  • school system of, [169], [199], [289-295].
  • State assumes responsibility of education, [174].
  • support of schools, [293].
  • teachers in, [294].
• Germany, administration of schools, [289].
• Gibbon, Edward, quoted, [75], [150].
  • Fénelon advocates education of, [226].
  • in Athens, [58].
  • in China, [22].
  • in Egypt, [50].
  • in Rome, [80].
  • in Sparta, [71].
  • sale of, in India, [31].
  • schools for, in Germany, [181].
• Girls, education of, among Jews, [41].
• Glaucha, Francke pastor at, [233].
• Goethe, on the Émile, [249].
• Goldberg, Trotzendorf rector at, [178].
• Göttingen, University of, [280].
  • democratic, in Athens, [57].
  • no control of schools in China, [23].
  • of Romans, [75].
• Government, administrative school board of, in Germany, [290].
• Government, self, in schools, [178], [179].
• Graduate school in United States school system, [312].
  • in Athenian schools, [59].
  • in catechetical schools, [108].
  • in Mohammedan schools, [145].
  • in monastic schools, [119].
• Grammar, study of, begun, [59].
• Gréard on Rousseau, [246].
  • organization of school system in, [215-217].
• Great Didactic, Comenius's, [213], [214].
• Great Teacher, The. See Christ.
  • art and literature in, [54].
  • Athens and Sparta, [54].
  • geography and history in, [53], [54].
  • manners and customs in, [54].
  • Olympian games in, [54], [55].
  • political freedom in, [54].
• Greece, [53-55].
• Greek culture, influence on Rome, [74], [75], [80].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • in pedagogy of Innovators, [204].
  • introduced into Germany, [160].
  • Reuchlin introduces study of, [160].
  • revival of study of, [150], [151], [153].
  • study of, in Rome, [74].
  • taught in Sturm's school course, [176].
• Greek language, importance of, in human culture, [157].
• Greek text-books, Neander's, [180].
• Greifswald, University of, [141].
• Griesheim, Froebel's first school at, [275].
• Gruner, Dr., head master of Model School at Frankfurt-am-Main, [273].
• Guienne, Montaigne studies at, [196].
• Gunpowder, invention of, [148].
• Gutenberg, invents printing, [164].
• Gymnasia, furnished by State in Athens, [58].
  • established by Francke, [234].
  • purpose of, [236] n.
• Gymnasium, course in, [293].
  • in Sparta, [71].
• Gymnastics, taught in Athens, [58].
• 
  
• Hakem III., fosters education, [145].
  • Pietists found university at, [231], [232].
  • teacher's class at, [228].
• Hallam, on Agricola, [158].
• Halle, Institutions at, [234].
• Hamburg, cloister school at, [118].
• Hanlin, Royal Academy, in China, [26].
• Harris, Dr., on Pestalozzi, [271].
  • used in interpreting Scripture, [158], [160].
• Harrow, college at, [174], [306].
• Hebrew, revival of study, [153].
• Hebrew Grammar and Lexicon, Reuchlin's, [159].
• Hecker, founds first Prussian Normal School, [228].
• Hegel, Aristotle compared to, [67].
  • Reuchlin at, [160].
  • University of, [124], [141].
• Hegira, Mohammedanism dates from, [143].
• Heidelberg, center of humanistic movement, [153].
• Heliopolis, institution for higher learning at, [50].
• Héloïse, Rousseau's, [243].
  • in Bremen and Switzerland, [279].
  • life of, [278].
  • literary activity of, [281].
  • on importance of common schools, [287].
  • pedagogy of, [282], [283].
  • practice school at Königsberg, [280].
  • professor of philosophy at Königsberg, [280].
  • student of Fichte, [279].
  • teacher in Switzerland, [279].
• Helots, in Sparta, [68].
• Herbart, Johann Friedrich, enters Gymnasium at Oldenburg, [279].
• Herbartians, work of modern, [282], [318].
• Herford, on Froebel, [276].
• Hesse-Cassel, active in school work, [203].
• Hesse-Darmstadt, active in school work, [203].
  • in United States, [313].
• Hieroglyphics, Rosetta stone furnishes key to interpretation of, [47].
  • in China, [25], [27].
  • in Egypt, [50].
  • in India, [34].
  • in Rome, [79].
• High Schools, connected with common in France, [299].
• Higher education, among Jews, [44].
• Hindu education, criticism of, [34], [35].
  • natural, taught in Jewish schools, [43].
  • Neander favors study of, [179].
  • taught in Roman schools, [78].
  • taught in schools of prophets, [44].
• Hindus. See India.
• History, a factor in education, [16].
  • pilgrimages to, [136].
• Holstein, active in school work, [203].
  • in Athens, [57].
  • in China, [22].
  • in Egypt, [49].
  • in India, [32].
  • in Persia, [37].
  • in Rome, [76].
• Holy Land, of Greece, at Olympia, [55].
  • of Jews, [41].
• Home, foundation of education, [17].
• Home, in Sparta, [69].
• Home training, among early Christians, [94].
• Horace, Roman poet, [74].
  • decline of, [198].
  • in Germany, [157].
  • in Italy, [149-151].
  • Petrarch founder of, [156].
• How Gertrude teaches her Children, Pestalozzi's, [267].
  • Agricola, [158].
  • Boccaccio, [157].
  • Dante, [155].
  • Erasmus, [161].
  • German, [157-163].
  • Italian, [156], [157].
  • mission of, [155].
  • Petrarch, [156].
  • Reuchlin, [159].
• Humanism, art of printing aids, [150].
• Humanistic educators, [155-163].
• Humanities, studied in Jesuit schools, [185].
• Hunziker, Professor, on Pestalozzi, [267], [269].
• Hurst, Bishop, on Melanchthon, [171].
• Huss, reformer, [165].
  
• Ilfeld, Neander's school at, [179].
• Iliad and Odyssey, called Bible of Greeks, [69].
• Illustrated text-books, first, [215], [229].
  • Brahminism and Mohammedanism in, [31].
  • Buddha, [35].
  • caste system in, [30].
  • criticism of education in, [34].
  • elementary schools in, [32-34].
  • English reforms in, [31].
  • geography and history of, [29].
  • higher education in, [34].
  • home in, [32].
  • motive for education in, [52].
  • polygamy in, [31].
  • religious ceremonies in schools, [33].
  • schoolhouses described, [33].
  • skill of craftsmen in, [30], [31].
  • status of woman in, [31].
• Illustration, teaching by, [98].
• India, [29-35].
• Individual, education for, [91].
• Individuality, of children, [88].
• Inductive method, Bacon's, [207], [208], [229].
• Industrial School, Pestalozzi establishes, [262].
• Infant school (école infantine) in France, [298].
  • Pestalozzi's, [269].
• Innocent III., Pope, recognizes University of Paris, [141].
  • Royal, in English school system, [305].
• Inquiries concerning Course of Nature in Development of Mankind,
• Inspector, in German schools, [290], [291].
• Institutes of Oratory, Quintilian's, [87].
• Institutions at Halle, [234].
• Instruction, method of, in India, [33].
  • during Renaissance, [148].
• Introduction, [15-19].
• Inventions, Chinese, [26].
• Isaiah, founder of Hebrew literature, [44].
  • intellectual movement in, [152].
• Israel. See Jews.
  • purpose of, [188].
  • services to education, [189].
• Italy, humanism in, [149-151].
• 
  
• Jansenists, introduce phonic spelling, [189].
  • pilgrimages to, [136].
  • school of rabbis at, [44].
• Jena, center of Herbartian activity, [279], [282].
  • education of, [184].
  • emulation as an incentive, [186].
  • founding of order, [182], [183].
  • growth of society, [184].
  • Loyola, [183].
  • military character of order, [183].
  • opposition of Port Royalists to, [189].
  • school system of, [183-188], [199].
  • spread of power, [184].
  • summary of educational work, [188], [189].
• Jerome of Prague, reformer, [165].
  • compulsory education among, [42].
  • criticism of education, [44].
  • education in home, [17].
  • esteem of teachers, [43].
  • geography and history, [40], [41].
  • higher education among, [44].
  • home of, [41].
  • mission of, [40].
  • motive for education of, [52].
  • prophets, [44].
  • religion of, [41], [42].
  • schools of, [42].
  • schools of the prophets, [44].
  • schools of the rabbis, [44].
  • status of women, [41].
  • the Talmud, [45].
  • theocratic education of, [40].
  • training of children, [41], [42].
• Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom established at, [137].
• Jesuits, criticism of education, [186].
• Jews, [40-45].
• Johnson, Dr., on Ascham's Scholemaster, [190], [191].
• Justinian, abolishes pagan schools, [115].
  
• Kant, Emanuel, quoted, [254], [255], [281].
  • in Prussia, [275].
  • in Switzerland, [276].
  • in United States, [277], [312].
  • prohibited, [275].
  • purpose of, [277].
• Keilhau, Froebel's school at, [275].
  • education of, [133].
  • seven perfections of, [133].
• Kepler, astronomical discoveries of, [202].
• Kindergarten, Froebel founder of, [276].
  • practice school at, [281].
• Knight, chivalry of, [133].
  • used as reading book, [145].
• Knowledge, defined by Confucius, [28].
  • on the sacrifices of Bäbeli, [257].
  • Pestalozzi founds school with, [267].
• Königsberg, Herbart teaches philosophy at, [280].
  • organizes Brothers of the Christian Schools, [227].
  • services to education, [228].
  • simultaneous method introduced, [227].
• Koran, Mohammed writes, [143].
• Krüsi, Hermann, on Pestalozzi, [260], [261], [265], [266].
  • monitorial system of, [307].
• 
  
• La Salle, Conduct of Schools, [228].
• Laborers, third caste in Egypt, [49].
• Lancaster, Joseph, establishes Board Schools, [307].
  • classic, see Latin, Greek, classic languages,
  • double translation in teaching, [199].
  • in pedagogy of Innovators, [204].
  • modern conversational method, [197-199].
  • taught in Egypt, [50].
  • taught in Roman schools, [78].
• Land grants, for educational purposes, [310].
  • in Melanchthon's course, [173].
  • in Milton's pedagogy, [219].
  • in pedagogy of Innovators, [204].
  • in Sturm's school course, [176].
  • in Trotzendorf's school course, [188].
  • revival of study, [151], [153].
• Lang, on Basedow's Book of Method, [255].
• Langethal, Heinrich, joins Froebel, [275].
• Language, Ascham's method for study of, [191].
• Latin, in Locke's system of education, [222].
• Latin Kingdom, established at Jerusalem, [137].
• Latin Schools, Strasburg Gymnasium the model for, [176].
• Latin text-books, Neander's, [180].
  • studied in Egypt, [47].
  • taught in Gymnasia, [293].
  • taught in schools of prophets and rabbis, [44].
• Latini, Brunetto, teacher of Dante, [155].
• Launcelot, leader of Port Royalists, [188].
• Laurie, S. S., quoted, [107], [139], [140].
• Law, in Milton's scheme of education, [220].
• Leibnitz, on Jesuit schools, [187].
• Leipsic, University of, [141].
  • at Pekin, [25].
• Leonard and Gertrude, Pestalozzi's, [263], [264].
• Leopold of Dessau, establishes the Philanthropin, [251].
  • in Athens influences world, [56].
  • lack of Christian, [94].
  • opposition to pagan, [94], [113], [115], [126].
  • pilgrimages to Egypt to study, [47].
• Letters, forms and names to be learned simultaneously, [88].
• Library at Alexandria, [107].
• Literators, in charge of Roman schools, [78].
• Literature, Hebrew, [44].
  • educational works of, [221].
  • Essay Concerning Human Understanding, [221].
  • his influence on education, [223].
  • Montaigne's influence on, [195], [196].
  • reforms of, [204].
  • tutor at Christ Church, [221].
• Literatus, teacher of Roman school, [78].
  • taught in Sturm's school course, [176].
• Local school board in Germany, [291].
• Loci Communes, Melanchthon's, [172].
• Locke, John, education of, [220], [221].
• Logic, in monastic education, [119].
  • compared with Rabelais, [194], [195].
• Lord's Prayer, taught in Charlemagne's reign, [128].
• Louis VII. of France, leads second crusade, [137].
  • contrasted with Erasmus, [162].
  • educational reforms of, [166].
  • influence of, [18].
  • lays foundation of German school system, [169].
  • leader German Reformation, [165].
  • life and struggles of, [167].
  • pedagogy of, [169].
  • professor at Wittenberg, [168].
  • Reuchlin on, [160].
• Loyola, founds Jesuit order, [183].
  • translates Bible, [168].
  • work marked out by, [175].
• Lucretius, [74].
• Lund, university at, [141].
• Luther, Martin, Augustinian monk, [168].
  • laws of, [72].
• Luther, Martin, summoned before Diet of Worms, [168].
• Lutheran churches, schools in connection with, [181].
• Lyceum at Athens, founded by Aristotle, [66].
• Lycurgus, influence in Sparta, [73].
• Lyons, cloister school at, [118].
  
• Macaulay, Lord, on Bacon, [205], [206], [208].
  • at Brown University, [285].
  • at Litchfield, [285].
  • educational campaign of, [286].
  • life of, [284], [285].
  • on common schools, [285].
  • president of Antioch College, [288].
  • Secretary of State Board of Education, [286].
  • services to education, [288].
  • statesman, [285], [288].
• Magi, Persian priests, [37], [38].
• Mainz, university at, [141].
• Malone, John, on Chrysostom, [105].
• Mann, Horace, Annual Reports, [286].
• Manual and industrial training, [320].
• Manual training school, Locke advocates, [222].
  • controlled by State in Sparta, [73].
• Maps, early, [120].
• Marenholtz-Bülow, Bertha von, disciple of Froebel, [277].
• Mariner's compass invented, [148].
• Marriage, Christ's teaching on, [91].
  • normal schools established in, [287].
• Martel, Charles, checks Mohammedanism, [144].
  • discoveries of Hindus, [35].
  • taught in Egypt, [50].
  • taught in Mohammedan schools, [145].
• Martial training, in Sparta, [69-71].
• Martin, on work of Horace Mann, [286].
  • pilgrimages to, [145].
• Massachusetts, new epoch in educational history, [285-287].
  • third caste in India, [30].
• Mathematics, central idea of Pythagorean system, [73].
• Matthison, leader of Philanthropin, [254].
  • taught in Egypt, [50].
  • taught in Gymnasium, [293].
• Mecca, Mohammed's flight from, [143].
• Mechanics, third caste in Egypt, [47], [48].
• Mecklenburg, active in school work, [203].
  • early life and studies of, [171].
  • educational work of, [172], [173].
  • first Protestant psychologist, [173].
  • Greek professor at Wittenberg, [171].
  • lectures at Tübingen, [171].
  • Loci Communes, [172].
  • Saxony school plan, [172], [173].
  • service to schools, [172].
  • text-books, [172].
  • work marked out by, [175].
• Medicine, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • in Cicero's pedagogy, [84].
  • in Fénelon's pedagogy, [226].
  • in humanistic education, [163].
  • in India, [32-34].
• Medicine taught in schools of prophets, [44].
• Medina, Mohammed flees to, [143].
• Melanchthon, Philipp, colaborer of Luther, [170], [171].
• Memory, cultivation of, in Chinese education, [24], [25], [27].
• Memphis, institution for higher learning at, [50].
• Merchants, third caste in India, [30].
• Methodists, purpose of, [231].
• Middendorff, Wilhelm, joins Froebel, [275].
  • in Sparta, [69].
• Middle Ages, progress during, [146], [147].
  • reforms of, [204].
  • scheme of education, [219], [220].
  • teacher, [218].
  • Tractate, [218].
• Military class, in Egypt, [48].
• Military schools, in China, [27].
• Military training, in Persia, [38].
• Milton, John, defines education, [217].
• Mines, schools of, in France, [299].
• Minister of education in France, [290], [296].
  • Basedow, [250-256].
  • Froebel, [272-277].
  • Herbart, [278-283].
  • Mann, [284-288].
  • Pestalozzi, [257-271].
  • Rousseau, [241-249].
• Minnesingers, compositions of, [135].
  • precepts of, [144], [145].
  • spread of doctrines of, [144].
  • writes Koran, [143].
• Missionary enterprise in India, [32].
  • five Moslem precepts, [144].
  • history of Mohammedanism, [143-145].
  • scientific progress made, [145].
• Model school at Frankfurt-am-Main, [273].
  • in India, [31].
• Modern educators, [241-314].
  • benefits to civilization by, [120].
  • center of educational activity, [146].
  • center of religious interest, [120].
  • power of, [116].
  • services to education, [102].
  • suppress scientific discoveries, [116], [117].
• Mohammed, flight of, [143].
• Mohammedan education, [143-147].
• Mohammedanism, history of, [143-145].
  • Essays, [197].
  • influence on Locke, [223].
  • pedagogy of, [195], [197], [198].
• Monasteries, Alfred the Great establishes, [131].
• Monastic education, [116-120].
• Monitorial System, defined, [307].
• Montaigne, education of, [196].
• Montanists, teachings of, [113].
• Monte Cassino, monastery at, [117], [118].
• Moravian Brethren, Comenius member of, [211], [213].
• Moravian School, Comenius teacher of, [212].
  • in Athens, [59].
  • in China, [27], [52].
  • in Egypt, [52].
  • in India, [34], [52].
  • in Persia, [38], [52].
  • in Rome, [80].
  • in Sparta, [69], [71].
• Moses founder of Hebrew literature, [44].
  • during Charlemagne's reign, [128].
  • in Athens, [58], [59].
  • in Egypt, [50].
  • in monastic education, [119].
  • in Sparta, [71].
  • in Sturm's school course, [176].
• Moslemism. See Mohammedanism.
• Mother-school (école maternelle) in France, [298].
• Motive of education, among Jews, [52].
• Music, cultivation of, among Jews, [42].
• 
  
• Nantes, university at, [141].
  • inductive methods lead to, [208].
• Napoleon, quoted, [97].
• National Bureau of Education, in United States, [309], [310].
  • text-books of, [180].
• National Herbart Society in America, [282].
• National Schools, Andrew Bell establishes, [305].
• Nature study, Christ advocates, [99].
• Navigation, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
• Neander, Michael, teacher at Ilfeld, [179].
• Nero, pupil of Seneca, [84].
  • and School Systems.
• Neuhof, Pestalozzi's experiment at, [261], [262].
• Nicole, leader of Port Royalists, [188].
• Nile, importance to Egypt, [46].
  • in Germany, [290], [294].
  • in Massachusetts, [287].
  • in United States, [314].
  • La Salle establishes first, [228].
  • teachers appointed in, [290].
• Nile, inundations encourage mathematical study, [50].
• Nineteenth century education, general view, [237-240]. See also Modern Educators
• Nisibis, catechetical school at, [107].
  • of Jansenists, [189].
  • Pestalozzi's, [270].
• Nitric acid discovered, [145].
• Normal schools, in France, [297], [300], [301].
• Novum Organum, Bacon's, [207].
  
  • first Christian common school at, [105].
• Obedience, cardinal Chinese virtue, [23].
• Object teaching, beginning of, [266].
• Occam, leader of scholasticism, [122].
• Occupation, a factor in education, [16].
• Odessa, catechetical school at, [107].
  • Quintilian's views regarding, [87].
• Olympia, Holy Land of Greece, [55].
• Olympiad, basis for computing time, [55].
• Olympian games, influence and character of, [54], [55].
• Orations of Cicero, [82], [83].
  • summary of, [51], [52].
• Oratory, ideal of education in Rome, [77], [78], [80].
  • education of, [110].
  • pedagogy of, [110].
  • service to education, [101].
• Orbis Pictus, Comenius's first illustrated text-book, [214], [215].
• Order of Jesus. See Jesuits.
• Oriental civilization, basis of, [89].
• Oriental education, aim of, [91].
  • Locke tutor at, [221].
  • University of, [131], [141].
• Origen, character of, [110].
• Orleans, university at, [141].
• Ormuzd, principle of light in Persian religion, [39].
• Orphan asylum, at Halle, founded, [233], [234].
• Oxford, cloister school at, [118].
• 
  
• Pagan education, conflict with Christian, [111-115].
  • university at, [124], [140], [141].
• Pagan literature, opposition to, [94], [113], [115], [120].
• Pantaenus, establishes catechetical school, [107].
• Pantagruel, Rabelais's, [193].
• Paper, invented, [148].
• Paradise Lost, Milton's, [217].
• Paris, cloister school at, [118].
• Parker, Colonel, on Horace Mann, [284], [286].
• Parliamentary grants for school expenses, [306].
  • on Neander's text-books, [180].
• Parochial schools, [139] n.
• Pascal, leader of Port Royalists, [188].
  • in Rome, [77].
• Pastor, superintendent of German schools, [181].
  • elevated to dignity of a science, [282].
  • of Agricola, [158].
  • of Alfred the Great, [131].
  • of Aristotle, [66], [67].
  • of Ascham, [190-192].
  • of Bacon, [207-209].
  • of Basedow, [251-256].
  • of Basil the Great, [106].
  • of Benedictines, [118], [119].
  • of Boccaccio, [157].
  • of Charlemagne, [127-129].
  • of Christ, [91], [97-100].
  • of Chrysostom, [105].
  • of Cicero, [83].
  • of Clement of Alexandria, [109].
  • of Comenius, [214-217].
  • of Confucius, [28].
  • of Dante, [156].
  • of Erasmus, [162], [163].
  • of Fénelon, [226], [227].
  • of Feudalism, [132-135].
  • of Francke, [234-236].
  • of Froebel, [275-277].
  • of Herbart, [282], [283].
  • of Humanists, [153].
  • of Innovators, [204].
  • of Jesuits, [184-188].
  • of La Salle, [227], [228].
  • of Locke, [221-223].
  • of Loyola, [183].
  • of Luther, [169].
  • of Mann, [285-288].
  • of Melanchthon, [172].
  • of Milton, [218], [219].
  • of Mohammedans, [145].
  • of Montaigne, [195-198].
  • of Neander, [179-181].
  • of Origen, [110].
  • of Pestalozzi, [269-271].
  • of Petrarch, [151].
  • of Plato, [63-65].
  • of Port Royalists, [189].
  • of Pythagoras, [73].
  • of Quintilian, [87].
  • of Rabelais, [194], [195].
  • of Ratke, [211].
  • of Reuchlin, [160].
  • of Rousseau, [243-249].
  • of St. Augustine, [115].
  • of Scholastics, [124].
  • of Seneca, [85].
  • of Socrates, [62].
  • of Sturm, [176], [177].
  • of Tertullian, [113].
  • of Trotzendorf, [178], [179].
• Paul, services to education, [102].
• Paul III., Pope, recognizes Jesuits, [183].
• Paulsen, on John Sturm, [175], [176], [177].
  • in France, [302].
  • in Germany, [294].
• Pedagogium, established by Francke, [234], [236].
  • Athenian statesman, [56].
• Pedagogue, duty of, in Athens, [56], [58].
• Pedagogy, begins with history of education, [15].
  • criticism of education, [38].
  • geography and history, [36].
  • home, religion in, [37].
  • military education in, [16], [38].
  • motive for education in, [52].
  • state education in, [37], [38].
  • status of women in, [37].
  • training of children in, [37].
  • Zoroaster, [39].
• Pekin, royal library at, [25].
• Pendulum, applied to reckon time, [145].
  • Christian ministry, [259].
  • failures of, [259], [260], [262].
  • farming, [260].
  • influence of, [18].
  • law, [260].
  • lesson of love taught by, [271].
  • marriage, [261].
  • Neuhof, experiences at, [262].
  • object teaching of, [189].
  • pedagogy of, [269], [271].
  • purposes of, [259].
  • school at Burgdorf, [266].
  • school at Stanz, [264], [265].
  • school at Yverdon, [267], [268].
  • schooling of, [258].
  • unites with Krüsi, [267].
  • work of, [269].
  • writings of, [263], [264].
• Pensions to teachers, in England, [308].
• Pericles, Age of, [54], [57].
• Perioeci, in Sparta, [68].
  • lays foundation of modern education, [157].
• Persia, [36], [39].
• Persian education, criticism of, [38].
• Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, childhood and character, [257], [258].
  • failure of, [252-254].
  • purpose of, [252].
• Peter the Hermit, crusade of, [136].
  • leads third crusade, [137].
• Petrarch, father of humanism, [155], [156].
• Petrarch, influence of, [151-153].
• Pfefferkorn, John, antagonism to Hebrew works, [160].
  • in catechetical schools, [108].
  • in Egypt, [47].
  • in gymnasium, [293].
  • in Jesuit schools, [185].
  • in Mohammedan schools, [145].
  • in Roman schools, [78].
  • in schools of prophets, [44].
  • natural, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • of Christ, [98].
  • scholasticism, [124].
• Phaedo, Plato's, [63].
• Philanthropin, established, [251].
• Philip Augustus, of France, aids university at Paris, [141].
  • in Athens, [58].
  • in Erasmus's scheme, [163].
  • in Fénelon's scheme, [226].
  • in Feudalism, [133], [135].
  • in Innovators' scheme, [204].
  • in Locke's scheme, [221], [229].
  • in Luther's scheme, [170].
  • in Milton's scheme, [220].
  • in Persia, [38].
  • in Pestalozzi's scheme, [263].
  • in Plato's scheme, [64], [65].
  • in Rome, [77].
  • in Rousseau's scheme, [244].
  • in Sparta, [70].
• Philippics, of Cicero, [82].
  • purpose of, [231].
• Philosophical discoveries, of Hindus, [35].
  • disciple of Socrates, [63].
  • first systematic scheme of education, [65].
  • founds school at Athens, [63].
  • republic, [63].
  • State to have control of citizens, [64].
  • testimony to Socrates, [62].
• Philosophy, in Athens, [59].
  • in Fénelon's pedagogy, [226].
  • in Froebel's system, [274].
• Phoenicians, invent alphabet, glass making, and purple dyeing, [51].
  • in Roman schools, [78].
  • in schools of prophets, [44].
• Phonic method of spelling, introduced, [189].
• Physical education, in Aristotle's scheme, [66].
• Pietism, influence of, [232].
• Plato, Athenian philosopher, [56].
  • in Egypt, [49].
  • in India, [31].
• Play, educational force in Athens, [57], [60].
• Poetry, in Athens, [57], [59].
  • services to education, [199].
• Poitiers, university at, [141].
• Political freedom of Greeks, [54].
  • at Königsberg, [280].
  • Herbart's, [280].
• Political rights, extension of, [239].
  • university established at, [124], [141].
• Polygamy, in China, [22].
• Polytechnic schools, in China, [27].
• Port Royalists, purpose of, [189].
• Practical training of Roman children, [79].
• Practice school, at Jena, [281].
  • influence on universal education, [150], [164], [165].
• Prague, battle of, [212].
• Praise of Folly, Erasmus's, [162].
• Prerau, Moravian School at, [212].
• Priests, influence in Egypt, [47], [48].
• Primary education. See Elementary Education.
• Printing, invented, [26], [148].
• Printing press, invented, [148].
  • Gymnasium at Strasburg, [175].
  • Melanchthon's course of study, [174].
  • Neander, [179].
  • Sturm, [175].
  • Trotzendorf, [178]. See also Humanistic Educators and Reformation.
• Privat Docent, in German universities, [232] n. 2.
• Progymnasia, in Germany, [292] n.
  • spread of, checked, [182].
• Pronunciation, in Roman education, [76], [78].
• Prophets, schools of, [44].
• Prorealgymnasia, [292] n.
  • school system of, [128], [289-295].
• Protestant educators, [174-181].
• Protestant Reformation, [165-173].
• Protestantism, spirit of, among common people, [200].
• Protogenes, establishes school at Odessa, [105].
  • in England, [306].
  • in France, [298].
  • in Germany, [293].
  • in Massachusetts, [286].
• Provinces, thirteen royal, school administration in, [290].
  • in United States, [313].
  • Quintilian advocates, [88].
• Prussia, kindergarten in, [275], [276].
  • Cicero's views regarding, [83].
  • Fénelon's views regarding, [226].
  • in Jesuit schools, [186].
  • Montaigne's views regarding, [196], [197].
  • Quintilian's views regarding, [87].
  • Seneca's views regarding, [85].
  • See also Corporal Punishment.
• Psalms, translated into Anglo-Saxon, [131].
• Ptolemaic system of astronomy, [148].
  • number of, fixed by State in Athens, [58].
• Ptolemies, found Alexandrian library, [50].
• Public schools, first Christian, [105], [107].
  • mathematical system of, [73].
  • philosophy of, [73].
• Public schools, in Rome, [78].
• Punishment, Basil the Great's views regarding, [106].
  • on Basedow's system, [254].
  • on demands of Reformers, [204].
  • on Jesuit education, [186], [187].
  • on Milton, [218].
  • on Pestalozzi, [258], [268], [269], [270].
  • on Ratke, [209], [211].
  • on Rousseau's hatred of books, [241].
  • on the Philanthropin, [251], [252].
• Pupil teachers, [307].
  • founds school at Rome, [86].
  • Institutes of Oratory, [87].
  • pedagogy of, [87].
  • receives title of Professor of Oratory, [86].
  • works of, studied in monastic education, [119].
• Pupils, number assigned to one teacher among Jews, [43].
• Puritans, struggles with established church, [200].
• Pythagoras, life of, [73].
  • friend of Calvin, [193].
  • Gargantua and Pantagruel, [193].
  • influence of Locke on, [223].
  • introduces realism into education, [194].
  • life of, [192], [193].
  • pedagogy of, [194].
• 
  
• Quadrivium, second course in seven liberal arts, [118], [119].
• Quick, on Ascham, [192].
• Quintilian, education and life of, [86].
  • pedagogy of, [211].
  • reforms of, [204].
• Quincy Movement, the, [317].
  
• Rabbis, schools of, [44].
  • in Chinese schools, [24].
  • in Jewish schools, [43].
  • in monastic schools, [119].
  • in Persian schools, [38].
  • in Roman schools, [78].
  • in schools of India, [32].
  • not taught in Sparta, [71].
  • taught during Charlemagne's reign, [128].
  • taught by Quintilian, [88].
• Rabelais, compared with Lucretius, [194], [195].
  • founded, [236].
• Ramadan, fast of, [144].
• Ramsauer, on Pestalozzi's method of teaching, [266].
• Ratio Studiorum, of Jesuits, [186].
  • conditions at beginning of sixteenth century, [164].
  • instills love for religious liberty, [200].
  • intellectual conditions, [166].
  • invention of printing, [165].
  • Luther, [167-169].
  • Melanchthon, [170-173].
  • spread of educational ideas of, [180].
• Ratke, method of teaching language, [209], [210].
• Raumer, on Comenius, [213].
• Reading, in Athenian schools, [58].
  • on Herbart's pedagogy, [278], [282].
  • practice school under, [281].
• Real-school in Germany, course in, [293].
  • Chinese, [21], [28].
  • Christian. See Christianity.
  • in Egypt, [48], [50].
  • in India, [31], [35].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • in Persia, [37], [39].
  • of Jews, [41], [42], [45].
  • of Romans, [75].
  • taught in Sturm's school course, [177].
• Real-gymnasia, [292] n.
• Realism, in education, [194].
  • in Egypt, [50].
  • in German schools, [170].
  • Rousseau's views regarding, [247], [248].
  • See also Christian education.
• Reformation, as an educational influence, [164-174], [199].
• Registration, book of, in French schools, [299].
  • defined, [148], [173].
  • humanistic movement, [149-163].
  • influence on Teutonic race, [149].
  • inventions and discoveries during, [149], [150].
  • revival of classics, [150].
  • universal education advocated, [150], [151].
• Reichstag, school interests represented in, [290].
  • introduces Greek into Germany, [160].
  • professor at Tübingen, [159].
  • services to Hebrew learning, [159].
  • teacher of Melanchthon, [171].
• Rein, Professor Wilhelm, chief exponent of Ziller school, [281].
• Religion, center of school course, [181].
  • French, [239], [264].
  • of 1688, [200].
• Religious freedom attained, [201], [240].
• Religious instruction, Cicero advocates, [84].
  • in catechetical schools, [108].
  • in monastic education, [119].
  • in Sturm's school course, [176].
  • the climax of education, [88].
• Removal of teachers, causes for, [294], [301].
• Renaissance, [148-173].
  • Montaigne's opposition to, [196], [197].
  • used in Roman schools, [78].
• Reuchlin, humanistic leader, [153].
• Revival of learning. See Renaissance.
• Revolution, American, lessons of, [239].
  • Cicero, [81-84].
  • Quintilian, [86-88].
  • Seneca, [84-86].
• Rheims, first normal school established at, [228].
  • Age of Augustus, [74], [75].
  • birth of Christ, [74].
  • criticism of education, [80].
  • education in, [77-79].
  • educators of, [81-88].
  • government in, [75].
  • home in, [76].
  • home training of children, [76], [77].
  • influence of Greek culture on, [74].
  • oratory highest art in education, [77], [80].
  • persecution of Christians, [94].
  • philosophers from, visit Museum of Alexandria, [50], [51].
  • practical training of children, [79].
  • religion of, [75].
  • supremacy of, [74].
  • utility the aim of education, [79].
  • woman's status in, [90].
• Rhetoric, in Athenian schools, [59].
• Richard the Lion-Hearted, leads third crusade, [137].
• Rod, discipline of, in China, [24].
• Rollin, reforms of, [204].
• Roman church, duty of, to education, [182].
• Roman educators, [81-88].
  • influenced by Montaigne, [195], [196].
  • life of, [241], [242].
  • on Christ, [97].
  • on education of women, [248].
  • pedagogy of, [243].
• Rome, [74-80].
  • scheme of education, as outlined in Émile, [244-248].
  • works of, [243].
• Rosetta stone, furnishes key to interpretation of hieroglyphics, [47].
• Rostock, University of, [141].
• Rote learning, in Chinese schools, [24].
• Rouen, cloister school at, [118].
• Roundheads, struggles with cavaliers, [200].
• Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Émile, [244-248].
• Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Pestalozzi applies principles of, [269], [270].
  • in France, [300], [302].
  • in Germany, [295].
  • in United States, [314].
• Rugby, college, founded at, [174], [306].
• Russia, serfs freed in, [238].
  
• St. Augustine. See Augustine, St.
• St. Gall, cloister school at, [118], [120].
• Saint-Simon, on Fénelon, [224].
• Saladin, captures Jerusalem, [137].
  • schools of, [140].
• Salaries of teachers, in England, [308].
• Salerno, university at, [140].
  • on Aristotle, [67].
  • on corruption of the church, [151].
  • on culture, [43].
  • on emancipation of the individual, [52].
  • on history of humanity, [15], [16].
  • on Johann Sturm, [177].
  • on St. Augustine's Confessions, [114].
  • on scholasticism, [123].
  • on teachings of Jesus Christ, [97], [100].
  • on the Émile, [249].
• Sallust, Roman writer, [74].
  • defined, [121].
  • downfall of, [123].
• Salzburg, cloister school at, [118].
• Salzmann, leader of Philanthropin, [254].
  • in France, [297], [298].
  • in Germany, [291], [292].
  • in United States, [311], [312].
• Sanskrit, language of India, [30], [34].
  • in France, [296].
  • in Germany, [290], [291].
  • in United States, [310].
• Saracens, conquer Holy Land, [136].
• Saxony School Plan, principles of, [172], [173], [174], [177].
• Schmidt, Karl, on Alfred the Great, [130].
  • in Germany, [292].
• Scholasticism, benefits of, [123], [124].
  • public, none in China, [23].
• Scholemaster, Roger Ascham's, [190].
• School attendance, in England, [306].
• School board, in England, [305].
• School fund in United States, [309].
• School government, Trotzendorf's reforms in, [178], [179].
  • of England, [304-308].
  • of France, [296-303].
  • of Germany, [289-295].
  • of United States, [309-314].
• School hours, in Athens, [58], [60].
  • catechetical, [107].
  • catechumen, [104].
  • cathedral, [139] n.
  • charity, in China, [23].
  • church, [102], [181].
  • cloister, [118].
  • common, [78], [88], [105], [107], [181], [286], [287], [292], [293], [298], [313].
  • elementary. See Elementary Schools.
  • established in Germany, [180].
  • graduate, in United States, [312].
  • Gymnasium, in Germany, [293].
  • high. See High Schools.
  • in Athens, under state inspection, [58], [60].
  • industrial, for poor, [262].
  • infant, in France, [298].
  • Jesuit, [183-188].
  • Jewish, [42].
  • manual training, [222].
  • Mohammedan, [145], [146].
  • mother, in France, [298].
  • national, in England, [305].
  • normal. See Normal Schools.
  • of mines, in France, [299].
  • of the prophets, [44].
  • of the rabbis, [44].
  • pagan, abolished, [115].
  • parochial, [139] n.
  • primary, in France, [298], [299].
  • public. See Public Schools.
  • Real, in Germany, [236], [293].
  • secondary, in United States, [312].
  • summer, in United States, [313].
  • support of, in England, [306], [307].
  • support of, in France, [299], [300].
  • support of, in Germany, [293].
  • support of, in United States, [313].
  • teachers' salaries in. See Teaching.
  • technical, in France, [299].
  • undergraduate, in United States, [312].
  • voluntary, in England, [306].
• Schoolhouses in India, [33].
• School inspector, in German schools, [290].
  • on scholasticism, [122], [124].
• Schoolmaster, German, position of, [295].
  • on Luther, [183].
• "School of the Palace," established, [127].
  • instrumental in civilization, [239].
  • monastic opposition to, [116].
• School pence, expense of English schools met by, [307].
  • natural, taught in Egypt, [47], [50].
  • of Chinese, [26].
  • Rabelais gives first rank to, [195].
• School system, Comenius's organization of, [215].
• Schools, apprentice in France, [299].
• Schulthess, Anna, marries Pestalozzi, [261].
• Schwegler, on number, [73].
• Schwickerath, on the scholastics, [123].
  • the principle established, [239].
• Science, among ancient Egyptians, [47].
• Science, natural, Neander favors study of, [179].
  • education of, [84].
  • pedagogy of, [85].
  • religious sentiment of, [85].
  • suicide of, [85].
  • tutor of Nero, [84].
• Scientific discoveries, results of, [239].
• Scriptures, Holy, in schools, [217].
• Secondary schools, in United States, [312].
  • marriage of, [32].
• Secular courses of study established, [118].
  • basis of school instruction, [127].
• Self-government of students, Trotzendorf introduces, [178], [179].
• Seminar, in Germany, [281].
• Seneca, compared with Fénelon, [225], [226].
• Sense-realism, Innovators advocate, [224], [229].
• Serapis, temple of, library in, [107], [108].
• Servants, fourth caste in India, [30].
• Seven liberal arts, [118].
• Seventeenth century, education during, [200-236].
• Seventh Annual Report of Horace Mann, [287].
• Shaftesbury, Earl of, friendship with Locke, [221].
  • in Egypt, [49].
  • in Rome, [77].
  • in Sparta, [68].
• Shastas, commentary on Vedas, [31].
• Shrewsbury, school at, [306].
• Siculus Diodorus, Greek writer, [47].
• Simultaneous method, inaugurated, [227].
  • death of, [62], [63].
  • dialectical methods of, [62].
  • doctrines of, [62].
  • influence of, [18].
  • life and home of, [61].
  • methods of teaching, [62].
  • personal appearance of, [61].
  • religious belief of, [62].
• Sixteenth century, education of, [164-199].
• Slavery, abolition of, [238].
• Slaves, in Athens, [56].
• Sleep of children, Locke's rules regarding, [221].
• Sobieski, John, checks Mohammedan advance, [144].
• Social Contract, Rousseau's, [243].
• Socrates, Athenian philosopher, [56].
• Solomon, founder of Hebrew literature, [44].
  • coeducation in, [71].
  • contrasted with Athens, [56].
  • criticism of education, [71].
  • history of, [68].
  • home in, [69].
  • Lycurgus, [72], [73].
  • martial training in, [69], [70], [71].
  • physical education in, [16].
  • State control of children, [69], [70], [73].
  • status of woman in, [69-71].
  • tyranny, the spirit of, [56].
• Solon, Athenian lawgiver, [57].
• Some Thoughts Concerning Education, Locke's, [221].
• Songs, church, [107].
• Songs for Mother and Nursery, Froebel's, [277].
• Sophists, teachers of grammar, [59].
• Soröe, Basedow professor at, [251].
• Sparta, [68-73].
  • controls citizens in Plato's scheme of education, [64].
  • controls education in Persia, [37], [38].
  • controls education of Spartan children, [70].
  • controls schools in Athens, [60].
  • interest of, aim of oriental education, [91].
  • supervises English schools, [306].
  • supports schools in France, [298].
• Spartan education, criticism of, [71].
  • established, [286].
• Spelling, phonic method introduced, [189].
• Spencer, Herbert, on function of education, [217].
• Spener, Philipp Jakob, originator of Pietism, [231].
• Stagira, Aristotle founds school at, [65].
• Stanz, Pestalozzi's school at, [264].
  • Sturm, rector of, [175].
• State, assumes responsibility of education in Germany, [174].
• State Board of Education, duties of, [311].
  • influence of, [177].
  • rector at Strasburg Gymnasium, [175], [176].
  • school course of, [176], [177].
• State school system, in United States, [310].
• State support of public instruction in American schools, [310].
• Stettin, first Prussian normal school at, [228].
• Stoy, Karl Volkmar, establishes practice school at Jena, [281].
• Strasburg Gymnasium, organization of, [175], [176].
  • in France, [299].
  • in Germany, [293].
  • in United States, [313].
• Studia inferiora and superiora of Jesuit schools, [185].
  • on influence of Egyptian priests, [48].
• Sturm, Johann, education of, [175].
  • kindergarten in, [276].
• Sulphuric acid, Arabians discover, [145].
• Summer school, in United States school system, [313].
  • influence of, [45].
  • on discipline of children, [43].
  • origin of sayings in, [44].
• Superintendent of schools, duties of, [310], [311].
• Superstition of Romans, [76].
  • on Thirty Years' War, [201].
• Support of schools, in England, [306].
  • in China, [23], [24].
  • in Egypt, [49], [50].
  • in England, [235], [307].
  • in France, [300-302].
  • in Germany, [290], [291], [293], [294].
  • in India, [32], [33], [34].
  • in Jesuit schools, [185].
  • in Jewish schools, [43].
  • in Mohammedan schools, [146].
  • in Persia, [38].
  • in United States, [313].
  • professional training of, [163], [170], [188], [228], [235], [280], [294], [307], [313].
  • salaries of, [58], [59], [286], [295], [300-302], [308], [313].
  • tenure of office of, [294], [302], [307], [314].
• Swinton, on antiquity of Egyptian history, [47].
• Switzerland, Herbart in, [279].
• 
  
• Talich, Hermann, school course of, [176] n.
  • in France, [302].
  • in Germany, [294].
  • in United States, [314].
• Talmud, extracts from, [45], [46].
  • conversion of, [112].
  • founder of Christian Latin literature, [113].
  • joins Montanists, [113].
• Tax for schools, in United States, [313].
• Taylor, Bayard, on Charles V., Emperor of Germany, [166].
• Teachers, in Athens, [58], [59].
• Teacher's Institute, in United States school system, [313].
• Technical schools, in France, [299].
• Telemachus, Fénelon's, [225].
• Tenure of office of teachers, in England, [307].
• Tertullian, birth of, [112].
  • in Jesuit schools, [185].
  • in schools of rabbis, [44].
• Testament, Greek, Erasmus's translation, [162].
• Testament, Old, books of, stimulated by prophets, [44].
• Teutonic nations, leaders in civilization, [103], [149].
• Text-book, first illustrated, [215].
• Thales, father of philosophy, [73].
• Thebes, institution for higher learning at, [50].
  • of Athenian children, [57].
  • of Persians, [57].
  • of Spartans, [69].
• Theocratic education, of Jews, [40].
• Theology, in Gymnasium, [293].
• Thirty Years' War, [201], [212].
• Toga virilis, when assumed, [79].
• Toulouse, university at, [141].
• Tours, cloister school at, [118].
• Township system of education, in United States, [311].
• Toys, lack of, in China, [23].
  • taught by Mohammedans, [145].
• Tractate on Education, Milton's, [217], [218].
• Tradesmen's castes, in India, [30].
  • life of, [178].
  • pupil of Melanchthon, [178].
  • rector at Goldberg, [178].
• Tradespeople, third caste in Egypt, [48].
  • university at, [141].
• Training school, in United States, [313].
• Translation, double, for language study, [192].
• Transmigration of souls, Chinese belief in, [22].
• Trier, university at, [141].
  • attendance in schools, [311].
  • education in, [309-314].
  • land grants for education, [309], [310].
  • State system, [309], [310].
  • support of schools, [313].
  • teachers, [313], [314].
• Trigonometry, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
• Trivium, first course in seven liberal arts, [118], [119].
• Trotzendorf, Valentine, discipline and methods of, [178].
• Tübingen, center of humanistic movement, [153], [159].
  • in England, [306].
  • in United States, [312], [313].
  • preparation for, in Germany, [293].
  • privileges granted to, [142].
  • rise of, [139-142].
  • services of, [142].
  • State, in France, [299].
• Twelve Tables, of Roman Law, [76].
  
• Undergraduate school, in United States, [312].
• Understanding, development of, [189].
  • reading lessons from, [33].
• United States, administration of schools, [310].
• Universal education, advocated by Charlemagne, [128], [131].
• Universal education, in German schools, [131], [170].
• Universal German Educational Institute, at Griesheim, [275].
• Universities, established through scholastic influence, [124].
• Upsala, university at, [141].
  
  • on Fénelon, [227].
• Vasseur, Thérèse le, wife of Rousseau, [242].
• Veda, Bible of India, [30].
• Vergil, Roman poet, [74].
• Vespasian, honors Quintilian, [86].
• Vienna, university established at, [124], [141].
• Vogel, on errors of Émile, [244].
  • marriage of, [32].
  • second caste in India, [30].
• Volksschule (common school) in Germany, [292].
• Voltaire, condemns Jesuit education, [187].
• Voluntary schools, in England, [305] n., [306].
• Von Moltke, quoted, [295].
  
  • on Locke, [223].
  • on Ratke, [209].
  • on Sturm's school course, [176], [177].
• Waldenses, reformers in Italy, [165].
• War, preparation for, chief end of education in Persia, [38].
• Warens, Madame de, befriends Rousseau, [242].
  • Luther professor at, [168].
• Warriors, education of, [34].
  • education of, during Charlemagne's reign, [128].
  • education of, in Aristotle's scheme, [67].
  • education of, in Athens, [60].
  • education of, in China, [47].
  • education of, in Egypt, [50].
  • education of, in India, [35].
  • education of, in Persia, [38].
  • education of, in Rome, [80].
  • education of, in Sparta, [71].
  • education of, Rousseau's ideas of, [248].
  • improvement in culture of, [90].
  • Montaigne's contempt for, [198].
  • status of, among Jews, [41], [44].
  • status of, among oriental nations, [90].
  • status of, in Athens, [58].
  • status of, in China, [22], [27].
  • status of, in Egypt, [49], [51].
  • status of, in India, [31], [32], [35].
  • status of, in Persia, [37].
  • status of, in Rome, [76].
  • status of, in Sparta, [69], [71].
• Weigel, Erhard, founds Real-school, [236].
• Weimar, Duke of, law for compulsory education, [203].
  • in Athens, [58].
  • in Chinese schools, [24].
  • in Egypt, [50].
  • in India, [32], [33].
  • in Jewish schools, [43].
  • in monastic education, [119].
  • in Persian schools, [38].
  • in Roman schools, [78].
  • neglected in Sparta, [71].
• Westminster, school at, [306].
• Williams, Professor, on Comenius's services to pedagogy, [214].
• Winchester, school at, [306].
• Winship, Mr., on Mann's Seventh Annual Report, [287], [288].
• Wittenberg, center of humanistic studies, [172].
• Women, education of, among Jews, [41].
• Working schools, Locke urges establishment of, [222].
• Writing, during Charlemagne's reign, [128].
  • Pestalozzi's school at, [267], [268].
• Würtemberg, active in school work, [203].
• Würzburg, University of, [141].
• Wuttke, quoted, [34].
  • founder of Persian religion, [39].
  • religion of, in Persia, [37].
• Wyclif, reformer, [165].
  
• Xantippe, wife of Socrates, [61].
• Xenophon, testimony to Socrates, [62].
  
• Yellow Springs, Antioch College at, [288].
• Yverdon, Froebel at, [274].
• 
  
• Zeus, Olympian festivals in honor of, [55].
• Ziller School, [281].
• Zoroaster, dualistic philosophy of, [39].
• Zwingli, Swiss reformer, [165].

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