FOOTNOTES:
[25] See Preface, page [xiii].
[26] Literally “to put into” from the Latin in and struo.
[27] Literally “to lead out of” from the Latin e and duco.
CHAPTER XI
STUDYING THE INDIVIDUAL CHILD
“Would you know how to lead the child? See and observe the child; he will teach you what to do.”
—F. Froebel.
“The ideal which has animated all my own feeble educational endeavor, and without which I should be without hope in the world of pedagogy, is the reconstruction of education based not so much on existing conditions in society as on child-nature. It is one thing to fit the child for a preëxisting social condition, and a very different thing to develop all his own latent powers to their uttermost and trust to their development for all future reforms. Holding, then, as I do, that childhood has in it indefinite possibilities that are some realized, some repressed or crippled, nipped in the bud in a way for which home, school, and church must share responsibility, and that if every spring of possible knowledge and power were touched, even by the lightest suggestion at its nascent psychological hour, we should in a few generations develop a superior race of men, we have in this faith in the possibilities of childhood and youth the most central and impregnable of all the fortresses of optimism.”
—G. Stanley Hall.
How to Study a Child. A complete study of the child includes his physical and psychological characteristics, personality, gifts, deficiencies, his heredity, environment, training. In studying a child it is of first importance to avoid carefully any stirring of his self-consciousness, which might lead to either morbidness, introspection, priggishness, or vanity. The necessary physical measurements should be made as naturally and impersonally as possible, without discussion. The physical inspections should be made incidentally, during the processes of the daily life, without comment. Recording, except of measurements, should be done without attracting the attention of the child,—preferably not in his presence, and filed without his knowledge. The child’s traits or characteristics should not be discussed in his presence. Psychological characteristics can best be studied under natural, usual conditions:
(1) in the child’s play: what he plays; how he plays
(2) his stories: what he prefers or tells
(3) his handiwork, especially his drawing
(4) what he observes
(5) his questions
A Score Card for Home Use. The following score card has been especially prepared to meet the practical needs of the untrained layman and amateur in the intelligent observation and better understanding of normal young children. It does not attempt to include marked abnormalities. It is merely preliminary to a more detailed and scientific analysis by the specialist. Such a general score card is necessarily applicable only for certain ages. The following outline does not attempt to cover special development beyond ten years of age.
Physical Measurements and Inspection. During the first year the weight should be taken weekly, at the same hour, in order to bear the same relation to feeding, bath, elimination; other physical measurements and inspections should be recorded at least quarterly. In the succeeding years records should be made at least semi-annually and preferably quarterly. The person in charge of young children should observe daily the physical conditions, and be able to detect at once the special danger signals, or deviations from the normal.
Any person careful in details and accuracy can make these measurements and inspections, at least as preliminary to the specialist. Detailed directions are given in Pamphlet V, American Medical Association Press, and in “The Health Index of Children” (Hoag). For ordinary household use, the apparatus required includes a new, firm tape measure, yardstick, accurate beam scales, and cards for testing vision. For school or institutional work it is desirable to have also calipers, laboratory apparatus for taking heights, instruments for taking blood pressure, and a dynamometer for testing strength of muscles. Economic and social conditions, differences of race and heredity, will cause considerable variation among children of the same age.
Psychological Analysis. No generally accepted standards or tests have yet been devised for measuring psychological development. The standards developed by Binet and Simon for mental ability as one phase of psychological age, have been widely tested in this country but have not proven wholly satisfactory. American revisions are now being worked out. The outline here given does not provide standards for measurement, but depends entirely upon the judgment of the person making the analysis. During the first year a chronological record can profitably be kept of the psychological development, noting particularly each gain in motor control, every indication of increasing recognition of sense impressions, the development of speech.
Standards of normal and average conditions and development can be learned by:
(1) observations of numbers of children of the same age.
(2) the study of published tables of measurements.
(3) published records, studies, and stories of children.
The Tables of Indications and Summaries have been added to assist in gaining a clear picture of the child’s condition and the factors calling for special constructive measures, elimination, treatment, improvement, or development.
Physical Measurements[28]
Name_____________________ Age: Years_____ Months_____ Weeks_____
Height standing[29]_____ In._____ Under Average_____ Over
Height sitting_____ In._____ Under Average_____ Over
Weight_____ Lb._____ O—z._____ Under Average_____ Over
Circumferences: Head_____ Chest_____ Abdomen_____
Diameter of Chest: Anterior-posterior_____ Lateral_____
Chest Expansion__________ Lengths: Arm_____ Leg_____
Physical Inspections
| General Appearance: | Robust | Anemic |
| Vigorous | Languid | |
| Posture, standing: (2) | Erect | Stooping |
| Chest sunken | ||
| Head forward | ||
| Abdomen forward | ||
| Posture, sitting: (1) | Erect | Chest sunken |
| Back curved | ||
| On hips | On curve of spine | |
| Gait: (4) | Normal | Waddling |
| Elastic | Heavy | |
| Toe forward | Toe in | |
| Toe slightly outward | Toe outward | |
| Head: | Shape normal | Box shaped |
| Not symmetrical | ||
| Fontanel closed | Fontanel not closed (after 18 months) | |
| Hair: | Color | Scant |
| Abundant | Rough | |
| Even | Brittle | |
| Fine | ||
| Coarse | ||
| Scalp: | Clear | Scurf |
| Pink | Dandruff | |
| Eruptions | ||
| Vermin |
Figures at right in parentheses indicate age at which observation may normally or profitably begin, if not applicable during first year.
| Features: | Regular | Unsymmetrical |
| Eyes:[30] | Color | |
| Clear | Muddy | |
| Sparkling | Dull | |
| Intelligent | Staring | |
| Normal | Crossed | |
| Protruding | ||
| Squint | ||
| Good condition | Inflamed | |
| Watery | ||
| Discharge | ||
| Frown | ||
| Work held near | ||
| Farsighted | ||
| Nearsighted | ||
| Headaches | ||
| Eyelids: | Normal | Swollen |
| Inflamed | ||
| Sore | ||
| Discharge | ||
| Styes | ||
| Granulated | ||
| Drooping | ||
| Nose: | Large | Small |
| Pinched | ||
| Bridge normal | Bridge sunken (normal during first year) | |
| Discharge | ||
| Obstructions, e.g. adenoids | ||
| Snuffles | ||
| Mouth: | Well-shaped | Ugly shape |
| Large | Held open | |
| Small | Deformed by pacifiers or thumb sucking | |
| Breathes through mouth | ||
| Canker sores | ||
| Breath sweet | Offensive | |
| Tongue: | Clear | Coated |
| Normal | Protruding | |
| Swollen | ||
| Tied | ||
| Teeth: | Number | Delayed first teeth |
| Delayed second teeth | ||
| Prolonged retention first teeth | ||
| Extra teeth | ||
| Regular | Irregular | |
| Projecting | ||
| Good condition | Discolored | |
| Tartar deposits | ||
| Decayed | ||
| Gums: | Healthy | Pale |
| Bleeding | ||
| Spongy | ||
| Swollen | ||
| Receding | ||
| Throat: | Clear | Swollen |
| Enlarged tonsils | ||
| Strong | Subject to sore throat | |
| Coughs | ||
| Lips: | Full | Thin |
| Swollen | ||
| Ruddy | Pale | |
| Good condition | Sore | |
| Chapped | ||
| Fissured | ||
| Chin: (2) | Normal | Receding |
| Projecting | ||
| Firm | Weak | |
| Jaw: (2) | Firm | Weak |
| Strong | ||
| Ears: | Large | Small |
| Projecting | ||
| Normal | Misshaped | |
| Good condition | Sore behind ears | |
| Discharge | ||
| Earache | ||
| Hearing normal | Defective | |
| Neck: | Normal size | Small |
| Swollen glands | ||
| Scars | ||
| Skin: | Free from blemishes | Rough |
| Scaly | ||
| Pimples | ||
| Eczema (where located) | ||
| Ringworm | ||
| Clear | Muddy | |
| Ruddy | Pale | |
| Tanned | ||
| Freckled | ||
| Firm | Soft | |
| Puffiness under eyes | ||
| Muscles: | Firm (½) | Flabby |
| Well developed (1) | Weak | |
| Especially | ||
| Back | ||
| Trunk | ||
| Grip | ||
| Leg | ||
| Complementary pairs | Unequal in balance | |
| balanced (1) | ||
| Back and chest | ||
| Right and left of trunk | ||
| Right and left of neck | ||
| Right and left of back | ||
| Back: | Straight | Curvature; anterior-posterior |
| Curvature; lateral, to right | ||
| Curvature; lateral, to left | ||
| Shoulders: | Erect | Stooped |
| Square | Sloping | |
| Equal | Unequal (which lower) | |
| Blades flat | Projecting | |
| Chest: | Expanded | Sunken |
| Deep | Flat | |
| Shallow | ||
| Barrel-shaped (after 1 year) | ||
| Funnel-shape (breast bone sunken) | ||
| Pigeon-breast (breast bone prominent) | ||
| Symmetrical | Unsymmetrical | |
| Beaded ribs | ||
| Good expansion (3) | Poor expansion | |
| Abdomen: | Firm | Flabby |
| Hard | ||
| Normal | Distention | |
| Rupture at navel | ||
| Inflammation at navel | ||
| Rupture at groin | ||
| Arms and Hands: | Equal length | Unsymmetrical |
| Normal | Enlarged Joints | |
| Clubbed fingers | ||
| Ambidextrous | ||
| Right-handed (1) | Nails discolored | |
| Left-handed | Nail defects | |
| Legs: | Equal length | Unequal |
| Straight | Bowed | |
| Knock-knee | ||
| Enlarged joints | ||
| Ankles strong | Weak | |
| Feet: | Arch normal | Flat foot (1½) |
| Stands squarely (2) | Shoes run over: | |
| outer edge | ||
| inner edge | ||
| heels | ||
| Well shaped | Toes pinched | |
| Swollen | ||
| Unblemished | Callouses | |
| Corns | ||
| Bunions | ||
| Defective nails | ||
| Excessive perspiration | ||
| Chafed toes | ||
| Genitalia: | Normal | Inflamed |
| Discharge | ||
| Protruding of rectum | ||
| Itching | ||
| Buttocks chafed | ||
| Nerves: | Steady | Explosive |
| Dull | ||
| Fears: (specify objects) | ||
| Irritable | ||
| Restless | ||
| Endurance | Easily fatigued | |
| Normal | General misbehavior | |
| Tantrums, hysteria | ||
| Malicious destruction | ||
| Bed-wetting | ||
| Nail-biting | ||
| Masturbation | ||
| Headaches | ||
| Convulsions | ||
| Motor Coördinations: | Steady (for age) | Retarded |
| Sits alone (½) | Stumbling (3) | |
| Creeps (9 mo.) | Dropping things (3) | |
| Stands (1 year) | Speech defects (3) | |
| Walks alone (1½) | Spasmodic movements | |
| Controls eliminations | Twitching of eyes, face, muscles | |
| Urine (1) | Chorea (St. Vitus’ Dance) | |
| Feces (2) | Paralysis (what muscles) | |
| Holds own cup (1) | ||
| Holds own spoon (1) | ||
| Runs (2) | ||
| Marches (3) | ||
| Claps to rhythm (3) | ||
| Feeds self neatly (3) | ||
| Dresses self (3) | ||
| Skips (4) | ||
| Uses scissors (5) | ||
| Normal | Other abnormalities | |
| Nutrition: | Appetite good | Poor |
| Hungry between meals | ||
| Gluttonous | ||
| Simple food relished | Overfastidious | |
| Abnormal appetites, e.g., dirt, chalk | ||
| Good digestion | Colic | |
| Regurgitation, eructations | ||
| Gas in stomach | ||
| Intestinal gas | ||
| Nausea | ||
| Elimination: | Urine: Clear | Cloudy |
| Straw color | Dark | |
| Bloody | ||
| Odor slight | Strong | |
| Painless | Painful | |
| Irritating | ||
| Normal quantity | Scant | |
| Excessive | ||
| Retained | ||
| Stools: Smooth (infancy) | ||
| Well-formed | Watery | |
| Mustard color (infancy) | Green | |
| Black | ||
| Bloody | ||
| Undigested curds | ||
| Slight mucus | Much mucus | |
| Odor slight | Strong, offensive | |
| 1 to 3 passages daily | Constipation (less than 1) | |
| Diarrhea | ||
| Perspiration: | ||
| Slight | Excessive: head, under arms, cold sweats | |
| Odor slight | Sour | |
| Sleep: | Quiet | Restless |
| Sound | Wakes easily | |
| Dreams | ||
| No. hours | Nightmares | |
| Nap | No nap | |
| Sufficient for age | Insufficient | |
| Respiration: | Deep | Shallow |
| Diaphragmatic | Chest | |
| Mouth breather | ||
| Regular | Irregular | |
| Normal count | Rapid | |
| Slow | ||
| Pulse: | Regular | Irregular |
| Firm | Weak | |
| Normal count | Rapid | |
| Slow | ||
| Circulation: | Efficient | Sluggish |
| Cold hands | ||
| Cold feet | ||
| Temperature: | Normal | Irregular |
| High |
The following examinations can be made only by specialists. Physician or physical education director:
Heart, lungs, genitalia; liver, spleen; hernia; sinuses, ductless glands
Enlarged tonsils, adenoids; defects of palate; blood pressure; arteries
Spinal curvature or faulty posture (except marked); asymmetry of arms, legs, chest; flat foot
Osteopath, or physician or physical director with osteopathic training: displaced vertebræ; spinal irritation
Oculist (not Optician): Defects of eyes (except marked)
Specialist: Defects of ears (except marked)
Dentist: Defects of teeth and gums (except marked)
Special chemist:
Urine, for acidity, albumen, sugar, casts
Feces, for worms, putrefactive bacteria
Blood, for hæmoglobin, leucocytes, acidity, germs of venereal disease, tuberculosis.
Physical Habits
| Sleep: | Bed alone | With another |
| Outdoors | Indoors, scant ventilation | |
| Indoors, windows open | ||
| Regular bedtime hour | Irregular | |
| Quiet before bedtime | Excitement before bedtime | |
| Early | Late hour | |
| Given soothing syrups | ||
| Bathing: | Daily water baths | Less than one daily |
| Number | Too frequent | |
| Kind | Too warm | |
| Temperatures | Not followed by cool | |
| Cool sponge | ||
| Air baths | Not given | |
| Sun baths | Not given | |
| Feeding: | Regular hour | Irregular |
| Prescribed intervals | Intervals too short | |
| ” ” long | ||
| Eating between meals | ||
| Simple diet | Injurious foods | |
| Balanced, rational diet | Dietary not analyzed | |
| ” poorly balanced | ||
| Chews well (2) | ||
| Eats slowly | Rapidly | |
| Motor Activity: | Encouraged | Restricted by clothing |
| ” by carriage | ||
| Outdoors or open-air room | Indoors; poor ventilation | |
| In raised, sanitary pen | On floor | |
| Toys sanitary | Unsanitary; allowed pacifier | |
| ” harmless | Dangerous | |
| Surfeit | ||
| Kept from crowds | Taken to stores (4) | |
| ” ” theater (10) | ||
| ” ” movies (8) | ||
| Handling: | Moderate | Excessive |
| Rational | Lifted by arms | |
| Tossed | ||
| Rocked | ||
| Jolted |
History
| Feeding: | Maternal nursing 9 to 12 months | Less |
| More | ||
| Cow’s milk | Bottle: how long | |
| Patent foods (specify) | ||
| Illnesses: (state age, duration, permanent effects) | Bronchitis | Subject to colds coughs, constipation, indigestion, nervousness, other illness |
| Convulsions | ||
| Diphtheria | ||
| Earache | ||
| Eczema | ||
| Epilepsy | Operations (age) for adenoids, tonsils, vaccination, others | |
| Measles | ||
| Meningitis | ||
| Mumps | ||
| Rheumatism | ||
| Rickets | ||
| Scarlet Fever | ||
| Scurvy | ||
| Summer Complaint | ||
| Tuberculosis | ||
| Whooping cough | ||
| Others |
Heredity
| Mother | Father | |
| Nationality | ||
| Race | ||
| Height | ||
| Weight | ||
| Occupation | ||
| Education |
Predispositions
| Mother’s[31] | Father’s[31] | Brothers | |
| Mother Family | Father Family | or Sisters | |
| (how many) | (how many) | (how many) | |
| Marked mental gifts | |||
| Nervous disorders | |||
| (form) | |||
| Alcoholism | |||
| Tuberculosis | |||
| Kidney disorders | |||
| Cancer | |||
| Pulmonary weakness | |||
| Digestive disorders | |||
| Blindness (form) | |||
| Deafness (form) | |||
| Living | |||
| Dead | |||
| Ages at death | |||
| Causes of deaths |
Congenital Factors
| Rank in birth (1st, 2d, etc.) | |||
| Age of brothers and sisters | Living: | At death: | If had lived: |
| (in years and months): | |||
| Mother | Father | ||
| Age at birth | |||
| Vigorous[32] | |||
| Fair health[32] | |||
| Sickly[2] | |||
| Nervous[2] | |||
| Use alcohol[32] | |||
| Excess | |||
| Moderate | |||
| Use tobacco[32] | |||
| Excess | |||
| Moderate | |||
| Use drugs[32] | |||
| Excess | |||
| Moderate |
Indications
Vitality and Endurance
Sound digestion
Normal eliminations
Normal temperature, pulse, respiration
Normal posture
Normal increase in height and weight
Nerves steady
Sleep quiet, sound, undisturbed
Diaphragmatic breathing
Good chest expansion
Large nose, unobstructed
Large neck
Eyes clear, sparkling
Lips ruddy
Teeth sound, normal number
Muscles firm
Skin clear, ruddy, elastic
Active, vigorous play
Good-humored, optimistic
Low Vitality
Susceptibility to colds, coughs
Susceptibility to contagious diseases
Sensitiveness to cold
Poor nutrition
Peevishness, irritability
Easily fatigued
Poor chest development
Shallow breathing
Pallor
Small neck, nose
Adenoids
Poor Nutrition
Underweight
Overweight
Indigestion
No appetite
Capricious appetite
Rickets
Languor
Peevishness
Delayed dentition
Ridges and notches on teeth
Auto-intoxication
Low vitality
Constipation
Eruptions on skin
Coated tongue
Offensive breath
Rheumatism
Rickets
Pallor, anemia
Retarded growth in height and weight
Enlarged joints at wrists and ankles
Muscles flabby; sometimes fat
Enlarged abdomen
Breastbone sunken or protruding
Round shoulders, bent back
Delayed dentition and walking
Large square head
Scurvy
Loss of appetite; pallor
Loss in weight
Swelling of ankles and knees
Swollen gums
Black and blue spots on legs
Cry of pain when handled
Pain when legs are moved
Nervousness
Restlessness, fidgeting
Disturbed sleep
Irritability, peevishness
Tempers, hysteria, tantrums
Spasmodic movements
Stumbling, dropping things
Falling easily (after 2 years)
Nail-biting
Bed-wetting
Masturbation
Defective Vision
Squinting
Frowning
Book or work held near face
Headaches
Nervousness
Irritability
Indigestion
Deafness
Persistent inattention
Directions persistently slighted
Disinterest in music
Incorrect articulation (after five years)
Dull, stupid expression
Head persistently held at one side
Complains of roaring in ears
Adenoids (or other nasal obstruction)
Small nose
Sunken bridge (after 1 year)
High arched palate
Mouth breathing
Chronic cold
Nasal voice
Stupid expression
Nervousness
Irritability
Imperfect articulation
Temperament
| I. | Active: quick, vivacious |
| Phlegmatic: slow, inert | |
| Balanced | |
| II. | Positive: decisive, firm, determined, not easily influenced |
| Negative: vacillating, easily influenced, weak impression | |
| Balanced | |
| III. | Intellectual: theoretical; tendency to think about things rather than to act |
| Emotional: acts upon impulse rather than thought; expends energy in emotion rather than action or thought. | |
| Motor: eager to do, execute | |
| (Note which tendency is strongest, which weakest) | |
| IV. | Optimistic: irrepressibly good-natured, cheerful, blithe |
| Pessimistic: easily gloomy, discouraged, unhappy, fearful, morose | |
| Intermediate | |
| V. | Leader: initiative, positive, executive; inspires confidence, loyalty, and coöperation of colleagues |
| Follower: compliant, easily led, lacks initiative | |
| Intermediate | |
| VI. | Original: creative |
| Copyist: reproduces others’ ideas, principles | |
| Intermediate | |
| VII. | Democratic: cordial, warm-hearted, hospitable, friendly, responsive |
| Autocratic: snobbish, inhospitable, reserved, exclusive | |
| Intermediate | |
| VIII. | Progressive: open-minded, temperamentally a radical, reformer |
| Conservative: conventional, biased by public opinion, customs; suspicious of the new | |
| Intermediate | |
| IX. | Mystic: sees spiritual phases of a situation |
| Realist: lacks imagination; has Yankee “common sense”, practical | |
| Balanced | |
| X. | Idealist: interested primarily in spiritual aspects and values |
| Materialist: interested only in material values, advantages, or disadvantages | |
| Balanced | |
| XI. | Responsible: thoughtful, conscientious, good judgment |
| Irresponsible: absent-minded, heedless, foolish, unreliable | |
| Intermediate | |
| XII. | Sees large aspects of problem or work |
| Concerned with details | |
| Balanced | |
| XIII. | Self-reliant: ready to care for self; furnishes own initiative and encouragement |
| Dependent: relies on others for initiative, action, service, encouragement | |
| Intermediate | |
| XIV. | Reaction Time: |
| Deliberate | |
| Impulsive | |
| Rapid | |
| Slow | |
| Moderate |
Psychological and Social Analysis
| Mental Activity: | Alert | Slow |
| Responsive | Dull | |
| Curiosity | Disinterested | |
| Experimenting | Inert | |
| Exploring | Listless | |
| Persistent will | Vacillating | |
| Interest in variety | ||
| Involuntary concentration | Flitting | |
| Feeling strong | Slight | |
| Imaginative (1) | Unimaginative | |
| Self-reliant (1) | Dependent | |
| Initiative | Inactive | |
| Profits by experience | Repeats same errors | |
| Normal intelligence | Backward | |
| Precocious | ||
| Thought: | Definite (2) | Vague |
| Clear (2) | Confused | |
| Able to follow directions (1) | Unable | |
| Open-minded (4) | Self-satisfied | |
| Attention: | Well focused | Superficial |
| Flitting | ||
| Dreaming | ||
| Concentration: | Involuntary, marked | Slight |
| Voluntary, marked (4) | Slight | |
| Senses: | Keen: Discrimination of differences | Undeveloped |
| Sound | ||
| Rhythm | ||
| Musical sound | ||
| Color | ||
| Beauty (pictures, sculpture, Nature) | ||
| Rhyme | ||
| Time: Day and night | ||
| Yesterday | ||
| To-morrow | ||
| Season | ||
| Year | ||
| Historic time | ||
| Imitation: | Marked | Slight |
| Mechanical | Slavish | |
| Creative (3) | ||
| Memory: | Retentive | Poor. Due to: |
| Motor | Inattention | |
| Emotional | Lack of clearness | |
| Auditory | Lack of repetition | |
| Visual | ||
| Verbal | ||
| Logical | ||
| Association of Ideas: | Marked | Slight |
| Poetic (2) | Prosaic | |
| Logical (2) | Superficial | |
| Imagination: | Vivid (1) | Lacking |
| Overwrought | ||
| Clear | Hazy | |
| Constructive (3) | Reproductive | |
| Resourceful (3) | Unresourceful | |
| Visual | ||
| Auditory | ||
| Reasoning: | By association | Easily satisfied |
| Logical (2) | Undeveloped | |
| Sensible (5) | Foolish | |
| Judgment: | Sensible (6) | Foolish |
| Erratic | ||
| Requires Proof (4) | Credulous | |
| Tastes and Interests: (2) | What kind of Stories | |
| Songs | ||
| Games | ||
| Handwork | ||
| Humor | ||
| How spends free time | ||
| Æsthetic: Marked | Slight | |
| Rhythm | ||
| Music | ||
| Color | ||
| Pictures | ||
| Nature | ||
| Poetry | ||
| Mechanics: Marked | Slight | |
| Watching | ||
| Examining | ||
| Contriving (1) | ||
| Philosophical: (3) | ||
| Marked | Slight | |
| (Seeks reasons for life, God, death, immortality) | ||
| Questions: Numerous | Few | |
| “What?” | ||
| “Where?” | ||
| “Why?” | ||
| “How?” | ||
| Waits for answer | Disinterest in answer | |
| Asks for information | For sake of talking | |
| Seeks further information | Easily satisfied | |
| Self-expression: | Free | Reserved |
| Natural | Self-conscious | |
| Affected | ||
| Quiet | Ostentatious | |
| Artistic | Awkward | |
| Impressive | Weak, hesitating | |
| Charm | Unattractive | |
| Speech: | Articulation perfect (4) | Imperfect (Note which sounds) |
| Stammers | ||
| Stutters | ||
| Lisps | ||
| Clear (1) | Indistinct | |
| Slovenly | ||
| Forcible | Weak | |
| Fluent (4) | Reticent | |
| Halting | ||
| Sentences complete (3) | Incomplete | |
| Grammar correct (5) | Incorrect (Note errors) | |
| Good vocabulary (5) | Limited vocabulary | |
| Slang | ||
| Vulgarity | ||
| Voice: (1) | Soft | Loud |
| Musical | Harsh | |
| Nasal | ||
| Shrill | ||
| Clear | Husky | |
| Vital | Drawl | |
| Range (Test with musical instrument) | Monotone | |
| Emotions: | Strong | Dull |
| Supersensitive | ||
| Wholesome | Morbid | |
| Silly | ||
| Deep | Superficial | |
| Poised | Explosive | |
| Moody | ||
| Good control | Poor control | |
| Capricious | ||
| Hysterical | ||
| Eccentric | ||
| Self-respect | Undue humility | |
| Pride | ||
| Sense of humor | Prosaic | |
| Trustful | Suspicious | |
| Jealous | ||
| Buoyant | Easily discouraged | |
| Courageous | Fearful | |
| Daring | Timid | |
| Cheerful | Melancholy, petulant | |
| Patient | Impatient | |
| Tantrums | ||
| Easily imposed upon | ||
| Contented | Dissatisfied | |
| Sensible | Vain | |
| Conceited | ||
| Overaffectionate | ||
| Enthusiastic | Apathetic | |
| Easily guided | Contrary | |
| Obstinate | ||
| Rebellious | ||
| Overdocile | ||
| Deliberative | Impulsive | |
| Social: | Loyal | Changeable |
| Jealous | ||
| Tattling | ||
| Treacherous | ||
| Generous | Selfish | |
| Sympathetic | Hard-hearted | |
| Silly | ||
| Considerate of others | Thoughtless | |
| Criticizing | ||
| Courteous | Rude | |
| Bullying | ||
| Winsome, manly | Indifferent | |
| Gracious | Priggish | |
| Conciliatory | Ill-mannered | |
| Peacemaking | Quarrelsome | |
| Manners: (2-3) | Charm | Indifference |
| Repulsion | ||
| Self-possessed | Self-conscious | |
| Bashful | ||
| Taciturn | ||
| Seeking attention | ||
| Simpering | ||
| Gentle | Aggressive | |
| Boisterous | ||
| Respectful | Impudent | |
| Interrupting | ||
| Contradicting | ||
| Trained in conventions | Untrained, awkward | |
| Industry: (4) | Industrious | Lazy, shirking |
| Prompt | Dilatory | |
| Dawdling | ||
| Procrastinating | ||
| Thorough | Careless | |
| Painstaking | Indifferent | |
| Orderly | Disorderly | |
| Systematic | Erratic | |
| Thrifty | Spendthrift | |
| Economical | Extravagant | |
| Miserly | ||
| Foresighted | Short-sighted | |
| Shrewd | ||
| Easily imposed upon | ||
| Moral: (3) | Conscientious | Supersensitive |
| Indifferent | ||
| Callous | ||
| Generous | Selfish | |
| Self-seeking | ||
| Honest | Prevaricating | |
| Thieving | ||
| Frank | Hypocritical | |
| Affected | ||
| Sly | ||
| Underhanded | ||
| Tricky | ||
| Brusque | ||
| Mischievous | Destructive | |
| Teasing | Malicious | |
| Modest | Immodest | |
| Pure-minded | Uncouth | |
| Bold | ||
| Brazen | ||
| Unchaste | ||
| Desires and appetites controlled | Uncontrolled desires and appetites | |
| Will: | Firm | Weak |
| Persistent | Vacillating | |
| Subject to reason | Stubborn | |
| Motives that influence: (1) | Ambition | Fear of punishment |
| Pain to others | Vanity | |
| Pleasure to others | Rivalry | |
| Ideal good (the right) | Selfishness | |
| Joy in right doing | Mercenariness | |
| Love (of others, cause, God) | Material reward | |
| Response to reproof: (1) | Friendly | Sullen |
| Rebounds | Sulks | |
| Acknowledges justice | Resentful | |
| Revengeful | ||
| Religion: (2) | Wonder | Apathy |
| Awe | ||
| Reverence | Irreverence | |
| Sense of gratitude | Thoughtless | |
| Interest in theological questions | Disinterest | |
| Interest in religious ceremonies | Disinterest |
Natural Gifts and Talents (5). Expressiveness in any of following:
Music: vocal, instrumental; rhythm, dancing, dramatics; drawing, painting, modeling, sculpture; literature, handcrafts, mechanics; nurturing, organizing, leadership
Ideals, Ambition, Expectations (8). Extent and nature of following:
Vocational: (Will change with periods of development, environment) Professional: technical, artistic, industrial, manual Educational: economic, social, family
| Training: | Sturdy | Coddling |
| Simple | Pampered | |
| Consistent | Inconsistent | |
| Sympathetic | Unsympathetic | |
| Just | Unjust | |
| Persistent | Intermittent | |
| Scope for self-activity | Repressed | |
| Intelligent | Irrational | |
| Emotional | ||
| Sincere | Superficial |
Summary
Marked Traits, Physical and Psychological
Making for Efficiency: Inefficiency:
Need uprooting: Correction: Developing:
Making for social attractiveness: Unattractiveness:
Fundamental traits to be especially cultivated:
Energy
Expressiveness
Self-reliance
Persistence
Concentration
Imagination
Curiosity
Initiative
Orderliness
Responsibility
Self-control
Will
Altruism
Courtesy
Cheerfulness
Honesty