FOOTNOTES:

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1 ([return])
[ A retail shop and tavern combined.]

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2 ([return])
[ A verst is a measure of length, about 3500 English feet.]

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3 ([return])
[ Ermolov, i.e. General Ermolov. Russians have three names—Christian name, patronymic and surname. They are addressed by the first two only. The surname of Maksim Maksimych (colloquial for Maksimovich) is not mentioned.]

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4 ([return])
[ The bell on the duga, a wooden arch joining the shafts of a Russian conveyance over the horse’s neck.]

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5 ([return])
[ Rocky Ford.]

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6 ([return])
[ A kind of beer made from millet.]

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7 ([return])
[ i.e. acknowledging Russian supremacy.]

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8 ([return])
[ A kind of two-stringed or three-stringed guitar.]

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9 ([return])
[ “Good—very good.”]

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10 ([return])
[ Turkish for “Black-eye.”]

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11 ([return])
[ “No!”]

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12 ([return])
[ A particular kind of ancient and valued sabre.]

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13 ([return])
[ King—a title of the Sultan of Turkey.]

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14 ([return])
[ I beg my readers’ pardon for having versified Kazbich’s song, which, of course, as I heard it, was in prose; but habit is second nature. (Author’s note.)]

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151 ([return])
[ “No! Russian—bad, bad!”]

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15 ([return])
[ Krestov is an adjective meaning “of the cross” (Krest=cross); and, of course, is not the Russian for “Christophe.”]

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16 ([return])
[ A legendary Russian hero whose whistling knocked people down.]

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17 ([return])
[ Lezghian dance.]

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18 ([return])
[ In Russian—okaziya=occasion, adventure, etc.; chto za okaziya=how unfortunate!]

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19 ([return])
[ The duga.]

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20 ([return])
[ “Thou” is the form of address used in speaking to an intimate friend, etc. Pechorin had used the more formal “you.”]

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21 ([return])
[ Team of three horses abreast.]

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22 ([return])
[ Desyatnik, a superintendent of ten (men or huts), i.e. an officer like the old English tithing-man or headborough.]

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23 ([return])
[ Card-games.]

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24 ([return])
[ A Caucasian wine.]

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25 ([return])
[ Pushkin. Compare Shelley’s Adonais, xxxi. 3: “as the last cloud of an expiring storm.”]

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26 ([return])
[ The Snake, the Iron and the Bald Mountains.]

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27 ([return])
[ Nizhegorod is the “government” of which Nizhniy Novgorod is the capital.]

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271 ([return])
[ A popular phrase, equivalent to: “How should I think of doing such a thing?”]

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272 ([return])
[ Published by Senkovski, and under the censorship of the Government.]

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273 ([return])
[ Civil servants of the ninth (the lowest) class.]

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28 ([return])
[ i.e. serfs.]

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29 ([return])
[ Pushkin: Eugene Onyegin.]

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30 ([return])
[ Canto XVIII, 10: ]

“Quinci al bosco t’ invia, dove cotanti]
Son fantasmi inganne vole e bugiardi”...]

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301 ([return])
[ None of the Waverley novels, of course, bears this title. The novel referred to is doubtless “Old Mortality,” on which Bellini’s opera, “I Puritani di Scozia,” is founded.]

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31 ([return])
[ Popular phrases, equivalent to: “Men are fools, fortune is blind, and life is not worth a straw.”]