The Battle for Khe Sanh

by Moyers S. Shore

FOOTNOTES:

[(1)] Major John J. Cahill, USMC and Jack Shulimson, "History of U. S. Marine Corps Operations in Vietnam, Jan-Jun65," pp. 67, 68, 126 (S).

[(2)]FMFPac, Marine Opns in Vietnam, Jun67, pp. 5-12 (S).

[(3)]Ibid.

[(4)]3d MarDiv CmdChron, Oct68, p. 11 (S).

[(5)]FMFPac, Marine Opns in Vietnam, Mar67, p. 15 (S).

[(6)]3d Marines Khe Sanh AAR, p. 7 (S); Bernard B. Fall, The Two Viet-Nams (New York: Frederick A. Praeger 1965 ed.), p. 3.

[(7)]Westmoreland Comments.

[(8)]3d Marines, Khe Sanh AAR, p. 12 (S).

[(9)]Lieutenant General Lewis W. Walt Interview with Historical Branch dtd 17Dec68 and 14Jan69 (S).

[(10)]3d Marines, Khe Sanh AAR, pp, 7-30 (S).

[(11)]Ibid.

[(12)]Ibid., pp. [32]-[33] (S).

[(13)]FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, May67, p. 11 (S).

[(14)]Ibid., pp. [7]-[10], [19] (S).

[(15)]FMFPac HistSum, pp. 7-17 (S).

[(16)]FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, Jul67, pp. 9-13 (S).

[(17)]Ibid.

[(18)]FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, Sep67, pp. 52-73 (S); 3d MarDiv ComdChron, Sep67, p. 25 (S); Chaisson Comments; Personal observations of the author.

[(19)]Westmoreland Comments; Metzger Comments.

[(20)]FMFPac, Marine Opns in Vietnam, Oct67, pp. 24-36 (S).

[(21)]Metzger Comments.

[(22)]26th Marines CmdChron, May67, p. 4 (S).

[(23)]Ibid.

[(24)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jun67, p. 4 (S).

[(25)]Ibid., Jul67, p. [4] (S).

[(26)]Col Lownds tape No. 801 674/4 (S); 26th Marines CmdChron, Aug67, p. 4 (S); Metzger Comments.

[(27)]Wilkinson Comments.

[(28)]Col Lownds Tape No. 801 674/4 (S); 26th Marines CmdChron, Aug67, p. 4 (S), Brown Comments.

[(29)]26th Marines CmdChron, Nov67, p. 4 (S).

[(30)]Cushman Comments; Hoffman Comments.

[(31)]26th Marines CmdChron, Dec67, p. 4 (S).

[(32)]Alderman Comments.

[(33)]Bohr Comments.

[(34)]Hudson Comments.

[(35)]FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, Jan 68, pp. 8, 9; III MAF CmdChron, Jan and Feb68 (S); 26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, p. 60 (S); Lownds Sep Interview (S).

[(36)]Lownds Sep Interview (S); 3/26 CmdChron, Jan68, p. 10 (S); Caulfield Comments.

[(37)]Lownds Sep Interview (S); 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 4 (S).

[(38)]3/26 CmdChron, Jan68, p. 3 (S).

[(39)]2/26 CmdChron, Jan68, p. 2 (S).

[(40)]Ibid.; Breeding Comments; Caulfield Comments.

[(41)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 3, 4 (S); Lownds Sep Interview (S).

[(42)]FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, Jan68, p. 10 (S).

[(43)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 3, 4 (S); 3/26 CmdChron, Jan68, p. 3 (S); Alderman Comments; Dabney Comments; Caulfield Comments.

[(44)]Ibid.]

[(45)]Dabney Comments.

[(46)]Ibid.; 26th CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 3, 4 (S); 3/26 CmdChron, Jan68, p. 3 (S); Alderman Comments; Dabney Comments.

[(47)]Ibid.

[(48)]Cushman Comments; Tompkins Interview (S); Lownds Sep Interview (S); Wilkinson Comments; Pipes Comments; 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 5 (S).

[(49)]Caulfield Comments.]

[(50)]Alderman Comments.

[(51)]Caulfield Comments.

[(52)] Ibid.

[(53)]3/26 CmdChron, Jan 68, p. 3 (S); Caulfield Comments.

[(54)]Lownds Sep Interview (S); Interview with Major Matthew P. Caulfield, USMC dtd 10Feb68, No. 2535 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Caulfield Comments.

[(55)]Dabney Comments; Caulfield Comments.

[(56)]Ibid.; 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 4 (S); Lownds Sep Interview; White Comments.

[(57)]Pipes Comments.

[(58)]Wilkinson Comments.

[(59)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 4 (S); Hudson Comments.

[(60)]Interview with First Lieutenant William L. Everhart, dtd 10Feb68 No. 2535 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Hennelly Comments.

[(61)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 9 (S); FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, Jan68, p. 11 (S); Tompkins Interview (S); Hudson Comments.

[(62)]Lownds Sep Interview (S).

[(63)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 9 (S).

[(64)]Cushman Comments.

[(65)]Ibid.; Westmoreland Comments.

[(66)]Westmoreland Comments.

[(67)]Ibid.; Sharp and Westmoreland, Report on The War, p. 163.

[(68)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 4, 11 (S); Lownds Sep Interview (S).

[(69)]Lownds Sep Interview (S); Baig Comments.

[(70)]Wilkinson Comments.

[(71)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 4 (S); Lownds Sep Interview; Wilkinson Comments.

[(72)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 3, 4 (S); III MAF CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 3-10 (S).

[(73)]Sharp and Westmoreland, Report on The War, p. 158.

[(74)]Presentation of Lieutenant General Robert E. Cushman, Jr., USMC, in 1968 General Officers Symposium Book, dtd 15Jul68 (S).

[(75)]Sullivan, et al., The Vietnam War, pp. 101-104.

[(76)]Ibid., Sharp and Westmoreland, Report on The War, p. 235.

[(77)]Ibid.

[(78)]Sullivan, et al., The Vietnam War, p. 99.

[(79)]Ibid.

[(80)]Lownds Jul Interview (S).

[(81)]Ibid.

[(82)]Ibid.; CG FMFPac msg to CMC, dtd 200327Z Mar68 (S).

[(83)]Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S).

[(84)]Dabney Comments.

[(85)]Ibid.

[(86)]Ibid.

[(87)]Ibid.; Caulfield Comments.

[(88)]Dabney Comments.

[(89)]Lownds Jul Interview (S).

[(90)]Mitchell Comments.

[(91)]Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S); Tompkins Interview (S).

[(92)]Ibid.; Mitchell Comments.

[(93)]26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, p. 8 (S); Interview with Captain Earl G. Breeding, USMC, dtd Jul68, No. 2121 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S): Breeding Comments.

[(94)]Ibid.

[(95)]Ibid.

[(96)]Ibid.; Dabney Comments.

[(97)]Ibid.

[(98)]White Comments.

[(99)]26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, pp. 8-10 (S); Tompkins Interview (S).

[(100)]Ibid.; Lownds Jul Interview (S); Hennelly Comments.

[(101)]Hennelly Comments.

[(102)]Hudson Comments.

[(103)]Wilkinson Comments.

[(104)]Lownds Sep Interview; Caulfield Comments.

[(105)]Anderson Comments.

[(106)]Westmoreland Comments; White Comments; 26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, pp. 4-8 (S).

[(107)]DIA IntBul.

[(108)]26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, pp. 8, 48 (S); Mitchell Comments.

[(109)]Ibid.

[(110)]Lance Corporal Michael A. Barry Interview with HistBr, dtd 17Feb69.

[(111)]Ibid.

[(112)]26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, pp. 8, 48, 49 (S); Mitchell Comments.

[(113)]26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, p. 49 (S).

[(114)]Ibid., p. [51] (S).

[(115)]Air Force Historical Comments; 1st MAW CmdChron, Feb68, p. 8 (S).

[(116)]Wilkinson Comments; White Comments.

[(117)]26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, p. 51 (S); Kashiwahara, "Lifeline to Khe Sanh".

[(118)]Ibid.; Lownds Sep Interview (S).

[(119)]VMGR-152 CmdChron, Feb68, p. 4 (S); Gregerson Comments.

[(120)]Kashiwahara, "Lifeline to Khe Sanh"; Meyers Comments; Brown Comments; Air Force Historical Comments.

[(121)]Ibid.; Lownds Jul Interview (S).

[(122)]Ibid.

[(123)]Information provided by the Marine Corps Command Center on 19Feb68.

[(124)]Ibid.

[(125)]1st MAW CmdChron, Jan, Feb, Mar68 (S); Wilson Comments.

[(126)]Ibid.

[(127)]Dabney Comments.

[(128)]Ibid.

[(129)]Wilson Comments.

[(130)]DCS/Air Comments.

[(131)]Breeding Comments.

[(132)]See 1st MAW CmdChron, Jan, Feb, Mar68 (S); CG FMFPac msg to CMC dtd 200327Z Mar68 (S).

[(133)] Wilkinson Comments.

[(134)]CG FMFPac Msg to CMC dtd 200327Z Mar68 (S); Lownds Jul Interview (S).

[(135)]See 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb, and Mar68 (S).

[(136)]Lownds Sep Interview (S).

[(137)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb, and Mar68 (S); Lownds Sep Interview; Interview with Major William J. Sullivan, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Hennelly Comments; Gregerson Comments; Air Force Historical Comments.

[(138)]1st MAW CmdChron, Jan and Feb68 (S).

[(139)]Ibid., Debrief Sheets (S).

[(140)]Dabney Comments.

[(141)]1st MAW CmdChron, Feb 68, p. 2-2 (S); Pipes Comments.

[(142)]Interview with Lieutenant Colonel Harry T. Hagaman, USMC, dtd 2Mar68, No. 2548 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (C).

[(143)]Information supplied by U. S. Air Force Public Information Office, 16Oct68 (U); Chaisson Comments; Air Force Historical Comments; Brofft Comments.

[(144)]Tompkins Interview (S).

[(145)]Ibid.; Lownds Sep Interview (S); Kashiwahara, "Lifeline to Khe Sanh."

[(146)]Air Force Historical Comments; 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb and Mar68 (S); Tompkins Interview; Baig Comments.

[(147)]Gregerson Comments.

[(148)]Lownds Jul Interview (S); Interview with Major William J. Sullivan, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Gregerson Comments.

[(149)]Lownds Sep Interview (S); Interview with First Lieutenant James M. Alexander, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Hennelly Comments.

[(150)]Interview with Major William J. Sullivan, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Interview with First Lieutenant James M. Alexander, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb and Mar 68 (S); Gregerson Comments.

[(151)]Ibid.

[(152)]Ibid.

[(153)]Lownds Interview; Hennelly Comments.

[(154)]Hennelly Comments.

[(155)]Baig Comments.

[(156)]Hennelly Comments.

[(157)]Ibid.; 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb and Mar68 (S); Baig Comments.

[(158)]Ibid.

[(159)]Baig Comments.

[(160)]Ibid.

[(161)]Ibid.

[(162)]Ibid.; Interview with Lieutenant Colonel Edward J. A. Castagna, USMC, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Colonel Robert D. Heinl, Jr., USMC, Soldiers of the Sea (Annapolis: United States Naval Institute 1962 ed.) p. 563.

[(163)]Baig Comments.

[(164)]Six Month Evaluation Report, HQ USMACV, 31May68 (S); Interview with Colonel Franklin N. Pippin, USMC, dtd 24Jun68, No. 2907 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S).

[(165)]1/26 CmdChron, Jan and Feb68 (S); CG FMFPac msg to CMC dtd 200327Z Mar68 (S); Information provided by Research, Development, and Study Division, HQMC, 8Nov68 (U); Lownds Jul Interview (S).

[(166)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jan and Feb68 (S); Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S).

[(167)]26th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb and Mar68 (S).

[(168)]Dabney Comments.

[(169)]Ibid.

[(170)]Lownds Sep Interview (S); Interview with Sergeant Timothy B. Keady, USMC, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S).

[(171)]Baltimore Sun, 25 May, p. 2 (Early Bird) (U).

[(172)]Interview with First Lieutenant James M. Alexander, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Interview with Major William J. Sullivan, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Interview with Colonel Johnnie C. Vance, Jr., USMC, dtd 20Jun68, No. 2909 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Interview with Major John A. Shepherd, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S).

[(173)]Shepherd Comments.

[(174)]Lownds Sep Interview (S).

[(175)]Lownds Jul Interview (S).

[(176)]Ibid.; Tompkins Interview (S).

[(177)]Keller Comments.

[(178)]Wilkinson Comments.

[(179)]26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, Encl 1 (S).

[(180)]Ibid.

[(181)]Lownds Sep Interview (S); Interview with HM3 Class Frank V. Calzia, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S).

[(182)]Ibid.; Interview with Captain Kenneth W. Pipes, USMC, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S).

[(183)]Ibid.

[(184)]Ibid.; 26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, Encl 1 (S).

[(185)]Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S).

[(186)]Ibid.; 26th Marines CmdChron, Mar68, p. 4 (S); Baig Comments.

[(187)]26th Marines CmdChron, Mar68, pp. 3, 4 (S); Wilkinson Comments.

[(188)]Ibid.; Lownds Sep Interview.

[(189)]26th Marines CmdChron, Mar68, p. 8 (S).

[(190)]Ibid., pp. [11], [12].

[(191)]Ibid., p. [7].

[(192)]Ibid., pp. [7], [8].

[(193)]Ibid., p. [6].

[(194)]Ibid., p. [10] (S).

[(195)]Ibid.; White Comments.

[(196)]Ibid.; McEwan Comments; Pipes Comments.

[(197)]26th Marines CmdChron, Mar68, pp. 9, 10, and Encl 1.

[(198)]Ibid.; Baig Comments.

[(199)]MCCC, Status of Forces, Apr 68 (S); Lownds Sep Interview (S); PEGASUS AAR, pp. 1-4.

[(200)]PEGASUS AAR, Encl 1 (C); Westmoreland Comments; Cushman Comments.

[(201)]Ibid.

[(202)]Tolson Comments.

[(203)]Ibid.

[(204)]PEGASUS AAR, Encl 1 (C); Rosson Comments.

[(205)]Ibid.

[(206)]Ibid.

[(207)]Ibid.; Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S).

[(208)]PEGASUS AAR, Encl 1 (C).

[(209)]Ibid.

[(210)]Ibid.; Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S); Tolson Comments.

[(211)]PEGASUS AAR, pp. 13, 14 (C).

[(212)]Ibid., Encl 1.

[(213)]Ibid.

[(214)]3/26 CmdChron, Apr68, p. 4 (S); Studt Comments; Meyers Comments.

[(215)]Ibid.; Caulfield Comments.

[(216)]Ibid.; Dabney Comments.

[(217)]Caulfield Comments.

[(218)]Meyers Comments.

[(219)]3/26 CmdChron, Apr68, p. 4 (S); Meyers Comments; Studt Comments.

[(220)]Caulfield Comments.

[(221)]PEGASUS AAR.

[(222)]Ibid.; 26th Marines CmdChron, Apr68, p. 4 (S); Caulfield Comments.

[(223)]Baltimore Sun, 25May68, p. 2 (Early Bird) (U); Washington Star, 25May68, p. 13 (Early Bird) (U).

[(224)]Ibid.

[(225)]Olson Comments.

[(226)]Cushman Comments.

[(227)]Alderman Comments; Caulfield Comments.

[(228)]Baig Comments.

[(229)]Tompkins Interview; Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S).

[(230)]Westmoreland Comments; Cushman Comments; Rosson Comments.

[(231)]Ibid.

[(232)]Ibid.

[(233)]Washington Star, 9Jun68, p. 1-E (Early Bird) (U).

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