DIGEST OF ANSWERS.

PLACE.Proportion of Annual
DEATHS
to the whole Population.		Proportion of Annual
BIRTHS
to the whole Population.		Proportion of Annual
MARRIAGES
to the whole Population.		Average Number of
CHILDREN
to a Marriage.		Proportion of
LEGITIMATE
to
ILLEGITIMATE
Births.		PROPORTION OF CHILDREN
That Die before they attain their
First Year.Tenth Year.Eighteenth Year.
AMERICA:
MASSACHUSETTS, p. 684About 1 in 40About ⅛ per cent. more than the deaths.. . . .5. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .
BOSTON, p. 6851 in 41⁷⁄₁₁*, ascertained by dividing the average population during 20 years, ending 1830, by the average deaths.. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Nearly 1 in 5*⁶¹¹⁄₁₄₇₆*. . . .
NEW YORK, p. 1591 in 30. . . .. . . .5. . . .27 per cent. in the city*.49 per cent. in the city*.53 per cent. in the city*.
MEXICO, p. 691Not known; but the Population increases very slowly, and the average duration of life is short.. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .
CARTHAGENA DE COLOMBIA, p. 166Probably 6 to 8 per cent.Probably 8 to 10 per cent.. . . .4 to 5As 5 to 6 probablySay one-half.. . . .. . . .
HAYTI, p. 166Not known, but supposed that births and deaths are about equal, and the Population stationary.. . . .3 to 4Probably 1 to 1000Comparatively large proportion.Comparatively large proportion.. . . .
MARANHAM, p. 6931 in 251 in 20Comparatively small5Proportion of illegitimates great.. . . .. . . .. . . .
EUROPE:
NORWAY, p. 6991 in 54*1 in 28*1 in 119*. . . .14 to 1*Under 5 years, rather more than 1 in 3*.Under 10, nearly 1 in 2⁴⁄₇*.Under 20, nearly 1 in 2⅜*.
SWEDEN:
General Return, p. 3741 in 41½*1 in 29*1 in 117½*3⁶⁄₁₀ to 4⅙In 1749, 49 to 1
From 1775 to 1795, 27 to 1
— 1795 to 1800, 20 to 1
— 1800 to 1805, 17 to 1
— 1805 to 1810, 15 to 1
— 1810 to 1820, 14 to 1
— 1820 to 1825, 13³⁄₁₀ to 1
— 1825 to 1830, 16 to 1*. 		1st year, legitimate, 1 in 6¹¹⁄₁₃; illegitimate, 1 in 3¹⁵⁄₁₇*.¹³⁄₂₉ die before their 16th year*.
Gottenburg Return, p. 387Average of 5 years ending in 1830, 1 in 40.Average of 5 years ending in 1830, 1 in 30.Average of 5 years ending in 1830, 1 in 131.Average of 5 years ending in 1830, about 4¹⁄₁₆.Average of 5 years ending in 1830, 16 to 1.Average of 5 years ending in 1830, 1 in 5.Average of 5 years ending in 1830, 1 in 2¾.. . . .
RUSSIA:
General Return, p. 334In the year 1831, 1 in 25⁹²⁄₁₀₀*.In the year 1831, 1 in 23³⁶⁄₁₀₀*.In the year 1831, 1 in 132*.. . . .. . . .. . . .One-half*.. . . .
Archangel Return, p. 339Annual average of 5 years, excluding 1831, (the cholera year), in which one-tenth of the population died, 1 in 45; average of 5 years, including the cholera year, 1 in 25*.Average of 5 years, 1 in 24*.Average of 5 years, 1 in 100*.3 or 4.Nearly 34 to 1*.1 in 16⁸⁄₁₀*.One-half*.1 in 1⁸³⁄₁₀₀*.
Courland Return, p. 342In healthy times, 1 in 28⁵⁷⁄₁₀₀.1 in 26³⁄₁₀.1 in 100.4.In town, 5 to 1; in country, above 20 to 1.1 in 8.. . . .. . . .
DENMARK, p. 297Average of 5 last years (3 unhealthy) 1 in 36*. Usual proportion, 1 in 40.1 in 34*.1 in 123*.3²⁷⁄₄₀*.9⁶⁶¹⁄₁₀₀₀ to 1*.. . . .1 in 3⁵⁸¹⁄₁₀₀₀*.. . . .
HAMBURGH, p. 394Within a small fraction, 1 in 29*.Within a small fraction, 1 in 27*.1 in 75⁵⁄₁₀*.About 2⅕*.4⅚ to 1*.1 in 6⁷²⁄₃₈₅*.Rather more than 1 in 3*.Rather less than 1 in 2½*.
BREMEN, p. 410From 1 in 43 to 1 in 40.From 1 in 37 to 1 in 33.About 1 in 124½.About 4.About 11 to 1.About 1 in 4.About 1 in 3.. . . .
LUBECK, p. 419About 1 in 56.About 1 in 53½.1 in 177.3⅓ to whole number of marriages, but of legitimates 2¹¹⁄₁₆ to each marriage.Rather less than 6 to 1.About 1 in 7.About 1 in 3¾.About 1 in 3⁵⁄₁₆.
MECKLENBURG, p. 423Nearly 1 in 46½*.Nearly 1 in 27*.1 in 124*.49 to 1.Before the 14th year, one fourth.. . . .
DANTZIG, p. 466Nearly 1 in 24½*, ascertained by dividing the population by the average deaths of 3 years, one of which was 1831, the cholera year.Nearly 1 in 29*.Nearly 1 in 134*.. . . .Nearly 6½ to 1*.Rather more than 1 in 5.About 1 in 2½.Under 20, about 1 in 2⅓.
SAXONY, p. 4791 in 34½.1 in 24⁸⁄₁₀.1 in 131⁸⁄₁₀.. . . .7 to 1.Rather more than one-half die under 14*.. . . .
WURTEMBERG, p. 5071 in 31¹¹⁄₃₇*.1 in 27⅒*.1 in 147*.
4³⁄₁₀*.7⅒ to 1*.34⅔ in 100*.From 1 year to 7, 1 in 10*.From 7 to 14, 1 in 45*.
FRANKFORT, p. 5641 in 43½.1 in 48²⁄₁₀.1 in 188⁷⁄₁₀.5 to 6.6⁷⁄₁₀ to 1.1 in 6½*.Under 6 years, 1 in 4⁶⁷⁄₂₅₄*.Under 19, 1 in 3¹²⁶⁄₃₁₉*.
NORTH HOLLAND, p. 581In 1832, 1 in 30⁶⁄₁₀*. Nearly ¹⁄₁₅ of the deaths were of cholera. In Amsterdam 1 in 28¹⁴⁄₁₀₀*.In 1832, 1 in 30⁷⁄₁₀*.1 in 122²⁄₁₀*.5⅒*15 to 1*.Nearly 1 in 7⁸⁄₁₁*.Nearly 1 in 4⁴⁄₁₀*.Nearly 1 in 2¾*.
BELGIUM:
The following are the results of the official enumeration in 18301 in 43.1 in 30.1 in 144.4⁷²⁄₁₀₀. . . .1 in 4⁵¹⁄₁₀₀.³³⁄₈₀.¹⁷⁄₃₈.
Boom, p. 6351 in 28⁵⁄₁₀*.1 in 36*1 in 95²⁄₁₀*.. . . .21 to 1*.1 in 5*.1 in 4*.1 in 2⁴⁄₂₁*.
Ostend, p. 6401 in 35⁴⁄₁₀*.1 in 31*1 in 146⁵⁄₁₀*.4⁷²⁄₁₀₀*.9 to 1*.1 in 5⁷⁄₁₀*.1 in 2⁴⁄₁₀*.45 per cent.*
FRANCE:
The following are the results of the official enumeration of 18311 in 39⁶⁄₁₀.1 in 32⁴⁄₁₀.1 in 131⁶⁄₁₀.4⁷⁄₁₀₀; legitimate 3⁷⁷⁷⁄₁₀₀₀.13¹⁶⁴⁄₁₀₀₀ to 1.. . . .. . . .. . . .
Havre, p. 1821 in 34.1 in 25.1 in 110.About 3About 9 to 1.About 1 in 6.About 1 in 3.. . . .
Brittany, Lambezellec, (adjoining Brest; population 8460), p. 7271 in 28*.1 in 22¹⁴⁄₁₀₀*. . . .In the whole province, 3*.In the whole province, 8⁵⁄₁₀ to 1*.Under 5 years, 1 in 2¹²⁄₄₄*.Under 10 years, 1 in 2*.Under 20 years, rather more than 1 in 2*.
Plousane (inland, population 2452)1 in 43*.1 in 35*.. . . .3*.. . . .Under 5 years, 1 in 2⅜*.. . . .Under 20 years, 1 in 2⅓*.
Conquet (inland, population 1294)1 in 44⁵⁄₁₀*.1 in 30*.. . . .3*.. . . .Under 5 years, 1 in 9⅔*.. . . .Under 20 years, 1 in 7¼*.
La Loire Inferieure (in 1832), p. 1771 in 39*.1 in 34*.1 in 147*.3⅔ legitimate*In Nantes, 8 to 1; in country, 12 to 1.1 in 6¹²⁄₁₉₇*.1 in 2¾*.1 in 2⁵⁄₁₄*.
Bourdeaux, p. 236. . . .. . . .. . . .3*.18 to 1.1 in 7.1 in 4.1 in 3.
Basses Pyrenees, p. 2601 in 50³⁰⁄₈₅*.1 in 38¹⁄₁₂*.1 in 165³⁵⁄₄₁*.. . . .14½ to 1*.Under 4 years, 1 in 2⁷⁄₁₂*.Under 20 years, 1 in 1¾*.
Marseilles, p. 1891 in 80*, in 18311 in 34*, in 18311 in 156*, in 1831
4½*.Department, 9 to 1; Marseilles, 5 to 1*.1 in 4⅓*.1 in 2⅙*.. . . .
THE AZORES, p. 6431 in 48.1 in 19.. . . .3 to 4.About 7 to 1.Nearly one-half.. . . .. . . .
GENOA, p. 660About 1 in 28⁴⁄₇.About 1 in 20.About 1 in 166.. . . .. . . .About 1 in 4.45 per cent.48 per cent. die before the age of 16.
SAVOY, p. 662General average 1 in 42; but in some marshy districts 1 in 28; in some mountainous districts 1 in 52.1 in 29.. . . .4½.. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .
GREECE, p. 666Nothing ascertained, but that the deaths are far fewer than the births:average number of children to a marriage 4: very few illegitimate.. . . .. . . .
EUROPEAN TURKEY, p. 672In healthy years about 1 in 50[28].About 1 in 31[28].About 1 in 66[28].4.Few illegitimate born, and few of those allowed to live.About 1 in 5⁹⁄₁₀.About 1 in 4.About 1 in 3³⁄₁₀.

[28] These numbers cannot be correct.