INDEX

Abraham (see Lives of Abraham and Joseph), [83];
model of the excellent man, [244].
Agrippa (King), Philo's life covers reign of, [45];
Philo in Jerusalem during reign of, [50];
arrives at Alexandria, [65];
advanced to Kingdom of Judea, [69];
intercedes at Rome for his people, [69];
death of, [70].
Alexander (the Great), a notable figure in Talmud, [13];
settles Jews in Greek colonies, [14];
result of his work [23].
Alexander Lysimachus, Alabarch of Delta region, [46];
guardian of Antony's daughter, [46];
restored to honor after imprisonment, [70].
Alexandria, Jewish community at (see Jewish), [13] ff., [41], [42] f.;
Jewish population of, under Ptolemy I, [15];
meeting-place of civilizations, [14], [48], [95];
centre of Jewish life, [15], [129];
two sections occupied by Jews, [16];
prosperity of Jews in, [21], [22], [32];
anti-Semitic literature and influences in, [22], [62], [67], [74];
Jewish tradition at, [27];
synagogues at, [37];
deputation to Jerusalem from, [41];
rabbis flee to, [42];
Agrippa finds a refuge at, [51], [65];
mystical and ascetic ideas of people at, , [59];
philosophical schools at, [63], [90], [92], [94], [140];
development of Judaism in, [77], [255];
Egyptian caste-system adopted at, [16];
Jews of, popularize teachings of Bible, [34];
Jews of, referred to, in Talmud, [42];
Philo forced into Sanhedrin of, [61], [202], [203] f.;
Philo member of, [61];
disintegration of community at, [71];
Zealots flee to, on fall of Jerusalem, [71];
replaced by Babylon as centre of Jewish intellect, [73];
Samaritans in, [106];
antinomian movement in, [130];
prototypes of Christian belief at, [155];
Pythagorean influence at, [188];
national life and culture undermined at (see National), [218].
Alexandrian, exegesis, characteristic of, [36];
church, departs from Jewish standpoint, [72];
Platonists, connection between Philo and later school of, [192];
schools, relation of, to Palestinian, [199] f., [213];
literature in the Dark and Middle Ages, [225] f.
Allegories of the Laws, an allegorical commentary, [74], [87] f.;
attacks Stoic doctrines, [94];
the Epistles, lineal descendants of, [247].
Angels, doctrine of, in Palestine, [140];
Philo's treatment of, [150-1].
Antiochus Epiphanes, Palestine passes to, [17].
Anti-Semitic, party, Flaccus won over by, [65];
literature and influences in Alexandria, [22], [62], [67], [74];
party, punishment of, at Rome, [70].
Apion, a Stoic leader, [63];
accuses Jews, [63], [67];
Philo's references to, [63], [101];
Josephus' reply to, [65].
Aquila, new Greek version of Old Testament made by, [224];
rabbis' views of, [224].
Aristeas, spirit of, glorified in Philo, [77].
Aristobulus, first allegorist of Alexandria, [38];
his spirit inherited by Philo, [77];
on wisdom, [143];
on the Word of God, [146];
difference between Philo and, [168].
Artapanus, Jewish apologist, [77].
Assouan, Aramaic papyri at, [15].

Babylon, replaces Alexandria as centre of Jewish intellect, [73];
Greek culture forgotten in, [224].
Bible, the, Philo's interpretation
and views on, [49], [102], [108] ff.;
Philo reveals spiritual message of, [83];
authority of, challenged at Alexandria, [92];
wisdom personified in, [141], [142].

Cabbalah, the, Essenes practitioners in, [233];
Philo as the Hellenizer of, [235].
Caligula. See Gaius.
Chaldean, thought, Philo's acquaintance with, [48].
Christian, monastic communities, [73];
heresy, a severance from main community, [72];
theologians, fail to realize spirit of Philo, [124];
reformers, and the yoke of the law, [130];
teachers preserve Philo's works, [156], ;
writers quote Philo, [223];
apologists imitate allegorical method, [245].
Christianity, the movement towards, [28];
rise of, [42];
conflict with Judaism at Alexandria, [72];
Philo's writings regarded as testimony to, [156];
Philo's influence over religious philosophy of, [195].
Conversion to Judaism, in Egypt and Rome, [32].
Courage, tractate appended to Life of Moses, [75].
Creation of the World, description of, [83].
Croiset, criticism of Philo by, [90].

Decalogue, The, contents of, [83].
Derash, Philo a master of, [103].
Dreams of the Bible, classed with Allegories of the Laws, [74].
Dubnow, on Alexandrian Judaism, [129].

Egypt, Alexander's march to, [14];
settlement of Jews in, [14];
connection between Israel and, [14];
visited by Plato, [15], [172];
Diaspora in, after Jeremiah, [15];
a favored home of the Jews, [21];
conversion widespread in (see Rome), [32];
Flaccus, governor of, [65];
Jews of, under same rule as Palestine Jews, [15].
Egyptian, populace, Philo on, [62];
thought, Philo's acquaintance with, [48].
Epistles, the Pauline, lineal descendants of Allegories of the Laws, [247];
doctrines of the Logos in, [250].
Essenes, rise of, [34], [54];
account of, in Philo's works, [78];
type of the philosophical life, [79];
practitioners in the Cabbalah, [233].

Flaccus, won over by Anti-Semites, [65];
indifference of, to attacks of Jews, [66];
recall of, [66];
Philo on the persecutions of, [78].
Frankel Z., writes on Alexandrian-Jewish culture, [241].

Gaius (Roman Emperor), comes to the imperial chair, [65];
Jews appeal directly to, [66];
receives Jewish deputation, [67];
death of, [69].
Greek philosophers, Philo's relation to, , [52];
philosophy, Philo's influence on, [49], [191] f.;
colonies, Alexander settles Jews in, [14].
Greek culture, various branches of, [47];
the chief schools of, [48], [54];
fertilizing influence of ideas of, [58];
and Jewish Scripture, [76];
neglected in Babylon, [224].

Haggadah, the, in Philo's works, [202], [207 f.];
antiquity of, [209] f.;
allegorical speculation in, [212].
Halakah, outcome of devotion to Torah, [99];
Palestinian Jews determine, [105];
observance of oral law standardized in, [126];
relation of Philo to, [202] f.;
differences between Alexandrian Sanhedrin and Palestinian, [203 f.];
codification of, [207].
Hebrew, language, evidence of Philo's knowledge of, [49];
included in barbarian languages, [97];
Philo's derivations from, [50], [101];
race, the three founders of, [110] f.;
tradition, Philo follows, [159];
mind, Professor Caird on, [167].
Hellenism, of Palestine, [24], [25];
of Alexandria (see Greek culture), [25];
influence of, in Palestine, ;
and the interpretation of the Bible, [254];
New Testament, a combination of Hebraism and, [247];
Christian theology a descent to a commoner, [254].
Hillel, Philo contemporary with, [45];
shows expansion of Hebrew mind, [45];
on chief lesson of Torah, [117], [118];
spirit of, shared by Philo, [249].
Humanity, tractate appended to a Life of Moses, [75].

Incarnation, notion of, not Jewish, [166].
Indian, thought, Philo's acquaintance with, [48].
Isaac, See Lives of Isaac and Jacob, [83].
Israel, Philo's derivation of the name, [50], [138];
God's special providence for, [77];
the mission of, [206], [242].
Italy, Philo visits, [66].

Jacob, See Lives of Isaac and Jacob, [83].
Jeremiah, prophesies in Egypt, [14];
heard by Plato, [15].
Jerusalem, Alexander's visit to, [14];
Philo, on national centre at, [20], [41], [86];
spiritual headship of, [41];
special synagogues for Alexandrians in, [41];
derivation of name of, [50];
Philo's sojourn at, [50];
downfall of, [71];
Judaism at, [129].
Jesus, spread of his teaching, [245];
his message compared with that of Philo, [245];
preaching of, effect on Jewish attitude to life, [246];
Paul sets up a new faith in, [251].
Jewish, community at Alexandria (see Alexandria), [13] ff., [72];
temple at Elephantine, [15];
kingdom reaches its height, [45];
mind, religous conception of, [49], [137], [166];
law and ceremony, elucidation of, [49];
race, symbol of the unity of, [51];
aspiration toward "freedom under the law," [124];
influences, dominant in Philo, [133], [189];
philosophy, eclectic, [168];
philosophy, new school of in Middle Ages, [225] f.
Joseph (see Lives of Abraham and Joseph), [83];
as Egyptian statesman, [23].
Josephus, on Onias and Dositheus, [18];
inconsistent accounts of Onias temple, [19];
on Egyptian Jews, [20];
account of Herod's temple by, [41];
writes a reply to Apion, [65];
description of Gaius' conduct to Jewish deputation, [68];
on the spreading of Judaism, [115];
indicates communication between schools of Alexandria and Palestine, [220];
relation to Philo and his works, [222].
Jowett, on sermons, [90].
Judaism, genius of, [46], [196];
Philo's exposition of, [52], [74], [78], [81], [84], [105];
Philo protests against desecration of, [258];
mysticism in, [58];
philosophical, [72], [230];
Alexandrian development of, [77], [92];
moral teachings of, [85];
religion of the law, [106], [116], [260];
Josephus on the spreading of, [115];
a religion of universal validity, [121], [169];
at Jerusalem and Alexandria, [129];
catholic conscience of, [130], [131];
Darmesteter on, [132];
Logos doctrine and, [165];
danger of union with Gentiles to, [206];
a national culture, [219];
influences of Jesus and Paul on, [247];
Hellenistic interpretation of the Bible and, [254].
Judas Maccabæus, struggles against Hellenizing party, [18].

Krochmal, Nachman, criticism of Philo, [240].

Life of Moses, contents of, [75], [79] f.;
an attempt to set monotheism before the world, [80];
tractates appended to, [75].
Lives of Abraham and Joseph, description of, [83].
Lives of Isaac and Jacob, contents of, [83].
Logos, [143] ff.;
its relation to God's Providence, [143];
meaning of, [164], [148];
Aristobulus on, [146];
regarded as the effluence of God, [149];
spoken of as a person, [156];
the soul, an image of, [178];
development of Philo's doctrine of, [192].

Maimonides, object of his Moreh, [91];
principles of, [99], [229];
comparison of Philo with, [229] f.
Mark Antony, Alexander Lysimachus in the confidence of, [46].
Monastic communities, supposed record of Christian, in Philo, [73].
Moses, Philo a follower of, [60], [113] f.;
Philo's ideal type, [79] f.;
Philo, as interpreter of his revelation, [104], [106] f.
See Life of Moses.

National, centre at Jerusalem, Philo on, [20], [41], [86];
life undermined at Rome and Alexandria, [218].

Old Testament, Septuagint translation of, [25-30];
Aquila's new Greek version of, [224].
Onias, leader of army of Egyptian monarch, [18];
successor to high priesthood, [18];
builds temple, [18], [19] f.;
temple of, dismantled, [71];
Jewish writers silent about work of, [19].
Oral law, observance of, standardized in the Halakah, [126].
Origen, distinguishes three methods of interpretation, [76];
teacher of Patristic school, [195]; imitates Philo, [186].

Palestine, struggle for, between Ptolemies and Seleucids, [17];
Hellenism of, compared with that of Athens, [24], [25];
rabbis of, [28];
Philo visits, [50];
effect of Hellenic influence in, [54];
New Moon a solemn day in, [121];
aims of Jewish thought in, [140];
doctrine of angels in, .
Palestinian Jews, under same rule as Egyptian Jews, [15];
rabbis, oral tradition, [34];
development of Jewish culture, [42] f., [200];
Midrash, Philo's acquaintance with, [52];
schools, relation existing between Alexandrian and, [199] f., [203] f., [213].
Paul, the most commanding of the apostles, [247];
influence of, compared with that of Jesus, [247];
rejection of the Torah by, [248];
sets up a new faith in Jesus, [251].
Pentateuch, Samaritan doctrines with reference to, [105].
Peshat, as a form of interpretation, [103].
Philo, contemporary with Herod, [45], [50];
family of, [46];
works of [74] ff.;
philosophical training of, [49];
flees from Alexandria, [60];
meeting of Peter and Mark with, [73];
forced into Sanhedrin of Alexandria, [61];
writings of, regarded as testimony to Christianity, [73], [156];
influence of, over Christian religious philosophy, [195], [242] ff.;
relation of, to Greek philosophers, [48], [52];
acquaintance of, with Chaldean and Indian thought, [48];
his interpretation and views of the Bible, [49], [102], [108] ff.;
evidence of his knowledge of Hebrew language, [49];
follows Hebrew tradition, [159], [199] ff.;
compared with Spinoza, [73], [134], [163];
on persecutions of Sejanus and Flaccus, [62], [78];
replies to attacks of stoics, [64], [95];
stoics' view of God compared with that of, [185];
goes to Italy, [66];
refers to Apion, [63], [101];
Josephus' knowledge of the works of, [222];
Christian teachers preserve works of, [156], [247];
relation of, to the Halakah, [202] f.;
comparison of Maimonides with, [229] f.;
doctrine of the Logos (see Logos), [144] ff.;
connection between Saadia and, [226] f.;
the Hellenizer of the Cabbalah, [235];
opposed to missionary attitude of Paul, [249].
Plato, hears Jeremiah, [15];
Philo's style reminiscent of, [48];
conception of the Law in, [131];
Philo's philosophy compared with that of, [170] ff.;
dominant philosophical principle of, [174];
a mystic, [230];
conception of God in, [254].
Ptolemies, the: Ptolemy I, increases number of Jewish inhabitants in Alexandria, [15];
IV, gives Heliopolis to Onias, [16];
admirers of Scriptures, [23].

Questions and Answers to Genesis and Exodus, now incomplete, [75], [81] f.;
a preliminary study to more elaborate works, [81];
Hebraic in form, [82].

Repentance, tractate appended to Life of Moses, [75].
Rome, Alexandria second to, [14];
conversion widespread in (see Egypt), [32];
Agrippa an exile from, [51];
power of Jews at, [62];
Jewish struggle with, [220];
Philo's apocryphal meeting with Peter at, [73];
national life and culture undermined at (see National), [218].

Saadia, founds new school of Jewish philosophy, [225] f.;
connection between Philo and, [226]f.
Samaritan, doctrines with reference to Pentateuch, [106];
Jew, story of, [98].
Sanhedrin, Hillel, president of, [45];
Philo forced into Alexandrian, [61];
duties of members of, [61];
of Alexandrian community, ;
of Jerusalem and capital punishment, [203];
differences between Palestinian Halakah and Alexandrian, [203] f.
Sejanus, Tiberius falls under influence of, [62];
Antonia opponent of, [62];
Philo's book on persecution of, [62], [78];
disgrace and death of, [65].
Septuagint, Hellenistic development marked by, [25];
Philo's version of origin of, [26];
celebrations in honor of, [27];
infusion of Greek philosophic ideas into, [28];
Christianizing influence of, [29];
value of, to the cultured Gentile, [33];
replaced by new Greek version of Old Testament, [224].
Solomon, Wisdom of, written at Alexandria, [31].
Specific Laws, The, description of, [83];
socialism of Bible emphasized in, [86].
Spinoza, his ideal of life, [53];
compared with Philo's, [73], [134], [163], [239];
on Jewish thought, [137];
influenced by Philo, [237] ff.;
approaches Bible from critical standpoint, [239].
Stoics, the chief Anti-Semites, [63];
Philo replies to attacks of, [64], [95];
in conflict with Jews at Alexandria, [94];
beliefs of, [64], [94], [116], [176];
view of God compared with that of Philo, [185].
Synagogues,
at Alexandria, [16], [37].

Tiberius Alexander,
nephew of Philo, [71].
Tradition, Jewish,
at Alexandria, [27];
Philo and Jewish, [199] ff.

Zealots, flight of,
to Alexandria, [71].