NEW BRUNSWICK, NOVA SCOTIA, AND CAPE BRETON ISLAND.
All three of these regions were involved in the glaciation of the Wisconsin stage. According to Goldthwait (Summary Rep. for 1913, pp. 244–250), New Brunswick was the center from which the ice flowed out over the other two lands. From this center it moved southward over the western end of Nova Scotia, more and more southeastward over the rest of the peninsula, while over Cape Breton Island the direction was eastward and northeastward. Some indications were observed of an earlier glaciation. As regards post-glacial submergence, Goldthwait found that at St. John, New Brunswick, this had amounted to about 190 feet, while on Cape Breton Island no signs of any submergence were found. Robert Chalmers had arrived at similar conclusions; and these agree well with the theoretical isobases drawn by Taylor for that region (Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv. LIII, 1915, p. 503). G. F. Matthew in 1879 (Geol. Surv. Canada, Rep. for 1877–78, EE, pp. 1–36) described the geology of southern New Brunswick. Few fossil vertebrates of Pleistocene age have been discovered in these countries. On Cape Breton Island mastodon remains have been found in two places, Middle River and Baddeck (p. [46]). As long ago as 1874 remains supposed to belong to Delphinapterus were found near the mouth of the Jaquet River, in the northernmost part of New Brunswick; but Professor G. H. Perkins has shown that the animal was probably the narwhal, Monodon monoceros. The discovery is discussed here on page [19]. At the southern extremity of New Brunswick, along Mace’s Bay, Charlotte County, a jaw supposed to belong to a species of Delphinapterus was found, which had been buried in the Leda clay (p. [19]). Near Fairville, at the mouth of St. John River, there has been discovered some bones of the seal Phoca grœnlandica (p. 21). In the Academy of Sciences at Philadelphia is a skull of a walrus (p. [21]) found apparently in the water near Sable Island about 50 years ago. It is not certain that it is a Pleistocene fossil.