FOOTNOTES:
[1] Sun Yat-sen is the Cantonese pronunciation of Sun I-hsien, just as Chiang K'ai-shek is that of Chiang Chieh-shih. Both men first acquired their world reputations under this pronunciation, which has become standard in English. According to Chinese custom, one's given name is used only by one's elders; consequently Sun Yat-sen has been referred to, by his grateful followers, by his "courtesy name" Wên, which is the name by which one refers to one's elder. In addition, he is referred to by another special name which he took for conspiratorial work, Chung-shan (allusive to an ancient hero), or by his title—as Tsung-li or Sun Tsung-li, much as we refer to President Wilson rather than to Woodrow Wilson. Sun was known most widely in life as Sun Wên; Chiang is most commonly mentioned as Chiang Chung-chêng. The question of names is extensively discussed in the biographies of the two leaders, cited below.
[2] Linebarger, Paul [M. W.], Sun Yat-sen and the Chinese Republic, New York and London, 1925, p. 176; this is the authorized life of Sun Yat-sen, written much as he wished it. The standard critical biography is Sharman, Lyon, Sun Yat-sen: His Life and Its Meaning, New York, 1934. Sun Yat-sen also wrote a number of short autobiographies, some of which are deliberately inexact. Western language material on Sun is surveyed in an annotated bibliography appended to the present author's The Political Doctrines of Sun Yat-sen, Baltimore, 1937, p. 265 ff. A work which has since appeared is "Sagittarius," The Strange Apotheosis of Sun Yat-sen, London, 1939.
[3] Statement to the author by Wên Chung-yao, President of the Legislative Yüan of the Reorganized National Government of Wang Ch'ing-wei, at Nanking, September 5, 1940. Dr. Wên was a classmate of Dr. Sun at Queen's College.
[4] New York, 1922; reissue, 1929.
[5] Linebarger, Paul Myron, Mes Mémoires Abrégés sur les Révolutions de Sun Yat-sen, Paris, 1938, p. 194. Paragraphing deleted in translation from the French.
[6] In the case of Chinese names which are commonly transliterated in an Americanized form, the Western name-order is preserved. According to standard Sinological practice, the three sisters are Sung Ai-ling, Sung Ch'ing-ling, and Sung Mei-ling; their famous brother (T. V. Soong) is Sung Tzŭ-wên.
[7] d'Elia, Paschal M., S. J., The Triple Demism of Sun Yat-sen, Wuch'ang, 1931, p. 36-49, gives an exhaustive analysis of possible translations. Stylistically, the term should be given San Min Chu I as a classical title; san-min chu-i as a noun; and san-min-chu-i when used as an adjective. The first form alone is followed because of its wide currency.
[8] The Analects, Book XIII, Ch. v; Legge, James, The Chinese Classics, Oxford, 1893 [Peiping, 1939], I, p. 93; the word terms has been substituted for names in rendering ming.
[9] d'Elia translation, cited, p. 130-1.
[11] See William, Maurice, Sun Yat-sen vs. Communism, Baltimore, 1932, for an appraisal which stresses the importance and degree of this influence; on the opposite side, see "The Alleged Influence of Maurice William on Sun Yat-sen" by P. C. Huang and W. P. Yuen in T'ien Hsia Monthly, V, 4 (November 1937), p. 349-76.
[12] Biographies of Chiang are: Chen Tsung-hsi et al., General Chiang Kai-shek, the Builder of New China, Shanghai, 1929; Tong, Hollington K. (Tung Hsien-kuang), Chiang Kai-shek, Soldier and Statesman, 2 vols., Shanghai, 1937, the authorized biography and a model of its kind; Berkov, Robert, Strong Man of China, Boston. 1938; and Hedin, Sven, Chiang Kai-shek, Marshal of China, New York, 1940. Who's Who in China is, as usual, useful for Chiang and for the members of his family. Almost every book on modern China, or magazine dealing with Asiatic materials, has discussions of Chiang. Among the most noteworthy writers on his career and personality are Gustav Amann, whose account remains the most carefully detailed; Edgar Snow and John Gunther, the reporters mentioned above; and Harold Isaacs. The Generalissimo's own diary and speeches, together with Mme. Chiang's writings, are unconsciously rather than deliberately revelatory.
[13] John Donne, in a sermon of commemoration of the Lady Danvers, late wife of Sir John Danvers; 1627.
[14] One of the Seven Gentlemen (Ch'i Chüntzŭ), whose name is withheld by request, interviewed August 2, 1940, in Chungking.
[15] Communist leader, interviewed in Chungking, whose name is also withheld by request.
[16] Some of the recent volumes are: Lu-shan Hsün-lien Chi Hsüan-chi (Collected Papers of the Lu Shan Training Conference), Chungking, 1939; O-mei Hsün-lien Chi Hsüan-chi (Collected Papers of the Omei Training Conference), Chungking, 1939; Li-hsing Chê-hsiao (The Philosophy of Being Practical), Chungking, 1940; Tsung-ts'ai Chien-kuo Yen-lun Hsüan-chi (The Tsung-ts'ai's Utterances on Reconstruction), Chungking, 1940; Tsung-ts'ai Wai-chiao Yen-lun Hsüan-chi (The Tsung-ts'ai's Utterances on Diplomacy), Chungking, 1940; and Tsung-ts'ai K'ang-chan Yen-lun Hsüan-chi (The Tsung-ts'ai's Utterances on Resistance), Chungking, 1940. A collection of the Generalissimo's leading speeches, in English, is in press and is to be issued soon by the China Information Publishing Company, Hong Kong.
[17] [Chiang K'ai-shek], San-min-chu-i chih T'i-hsi nai ch'i-shih Hsing-ch'êng-hsü (The San Min Chu I System and its Method of Application), Chungking, 1939. This booklet is part of a series called Conclusions of the Party Chief, published by the Central Headquarters of the Kuomintang Training Corps, Chungking, 1939.