FOOTNOTES:
[243] Written from the pronunciation of a Crow Indian. They pronounce the words in the manner of the Minnitarri; ch is guttural, r is spoken with the point of the tongue unless there is an exception noted. According to Donald Mc Kenzie who lived among the Crows (Gallatin, ibid., p. 125), they number some three hundred lodges and three thousand souls. This seems to me to be a correct estimate.—Maximilian.
Comment by Ed. Gallatin doubtless intends Kenneth (not Donald) Mc Kenzie, for whom see our volume xxi, p. 45, note 25.
[244] According to Captain Bonneville, it is called popo in the Crow language; this does not agree with my experience.—Maximilian.
Comment by Ed. This refers to Washington Irving, Rocky Mountains; or Scenes, Incidents and Adventures in the Far West (Philadelphia, 1837).
DACOTA (Sioux) of the band of the Yanktonans[245]
American, Mi̍na-haska (haska nasal); i.e., Long Knife.
Arm, istó.
Arrow, uahi̍tpe (ua nasal).
Beard, putä-hin (n French; hin nasal).
Bird, sitká (s soft).
Black, sáhpa.
Blind, ischtá-chon-gä (ch guttural; on French; g in the roof of the mouth; chonga nasal and without emphasis).
Blood, uä̍h.
Blue (also green), tóh.
Bone, huh-huh.
Bow, itáh-sipa (itah with emphasis; si very short; pa without emphasis).
Brave (adj), uadi̍take (uadi with emphasis; e ½ or a little more; take lower and without emphasis).
Brook, uathpanne (e short).
Brother, tschi̍-ä (emphasis on the first syllable).
Child, okschiókapa.
Cold, sni̍h.
Dance (v), uatschi̍.
Day, hanposka (an French).
Deaf, nóchät-pá.
Die (dead), táh.
Door, thiópa (i and o somewhat separated).
Dumb (v), ihéschni (ni short).
Dream (v), uihamana (ui together; hamana short and rapid).
Drink (v), uatkan (an French).
Ear, nónchä (on French; emphasis on non; ch guttural; low and short).
Earth, manká (an French).
Enemy, tohk-ha.
Englishman, Sakedaschi (e short; i barely audible).
Evening, chta-ié-tu (chta guttural; ie together; tu short).
Eye, ischtá; one-eyed, pschtat-pä̍.
Father, atä̍; i.e., my father.
Feather, uï̍-iak-ha (ha guttural; iakha low and short).
Fight (n), ketschehsap (first e short).
Fire, pä̍hta.
Fish, rochan (very guttural; an French).
Flesh, tadó.
Fog, pó (o full).
Forest, tchán (an French).
Frenchman, Uaschi̍djo (jo French and very short).
Friend (comrade), koͣdá (great friend); or ketschi̍uah (friend).
Go (v), máhni (ni short).
God (the creator), uakán-tanka (an French nasal); i.e., great spirit.[246]
Good, uaschtä̍ (ua almost like wa; run together).
Great, hánska (an French).
Green, tóh (o rather full).
Gun, mansak-han (an French; the whole run together).
Hair, pihi̍.
Hand, napä.
Head, páh.
Healthy, uaschtä̍; or uaiá-saschni (last word short and low); i.e., not sick.
Heart, tschåtä̍.
Heat, didi̍tach (ach German guttural).
Horns (antlers; and horns of all animals in general), hä; the name of the animal is added.
House (lodge), tihpi.
Hunger, wóta-wacheda (all syllables of second word even).
Hunt (v), uïheni (e short; the whole indistinct, short, nasal, and run together).
I, miä̍.
Ice, tschága (g in the roof of the mouth).
Island, uï̍hta (u and i separated; ta short).
Jar (pot), tschä̍ga (g guttural; ga short).
Knife, mi̍hna (na short).
Laugh (v), icháh (ch guttural).
Lead (metal), mansassuh (an French).
Leg, húh.
Lightning, uakán-hädi̍(an French; hadi short).
Live (life?), uanickt.
Lodge or tent (of leather), wakä̍a.
Man, uïtscha.[247]
Meal(to eat?), wóhta (ta short).
Moccasin, hánpa (French).
Moon, hahépi-uïh (first word rather nasal).
Morning, hi̍h-hanna (emphasis on hih; hanna low and short).
Mother, inan (an French).
Mountain, chä (ch guttural).
Mouth, ih.
Much, ö̍hta (o full; ta short).
Negro, uaschi̍tschu-sáhpa (run together).
Night, hanhöp (an French).
Nose, póhchä (ch guttural; a short).
Pipe (tobacco), schandúh-hupa (hupa short and low, without emphasis).
Powder, tschachedi̍ (ch guttural).
Quick, kohán (an French).
Red, duhta.
Revenge (v), itoh-kidjuh (emphasis on first word; j French; second word lower).
River, uathpá; the Missouri, Uathpá-mnischoschá; i.e., the river with muddy water.
Sick, uaiasa (short).
Small, tihstina.
Smoke (n), schóhta (o full; ta short).
Snow, uáh.
Speak (v), jáh (i and a separated).
Spirits (distilled), meni̍h-uakán (an French); i.e. divine, or medicine water.
Star, tscháchpi (ach guttural).
Stingy, ocha̍n-schitscha (ochan with emphasis; second word without emphasis; the whole short and run together).
Stone, ihia (emphasis on i; nasal).
Strong, waschahke (e ½; ke short).
Sun, uï̍h.
Sweet, skúia (sk with the point of the tongue).
Teeth, i̍h.
Thunder, uaki̍n-a (n French, nasal; a short).
Tobacco, tschandi̍h (an French).
Tomahawk, onspä̍-tschanupa (final word without emphasis and lower).
Toothache, ih-asan (asan French).
Trader, wópäton-uïtschásta (o full; on French; last word short).
Trail, tschankuh.
Ugly, schi̍dja (ja French).
Village, otón-a (on French; a short; the whole nasal).
War, suiá (s soft).
Warmth, päti̍schka.
Wash (v), waiújaja (jaja French, without emphasis, and low; iu German).
Water, meni̍h.
Weep (v), tschä̍a (final a short).
White, skáh.
Widow, juá-sitscha (j and u separated).
Wind, tatä̍h.
Winter, uani̍ete (u and a separated; e very short in both cases).
Woman, uïïa (ui nasal).
Wood, tschan (an French).
Yellow, si̍h (softly pronounced).
Yes, ha̍n (French nasal).
Numerals
One, wántscha (an French).
Two, nómpa (om French).
Three, jámen (men German and low).
Four, tópa (o full).
Five, sáhptan (s very soft; an French).
Six, scháhkpe (pe short; e ½).
Seven, schakoï (o and i separated).
Eight, schákedoch (German).
Nine, nahptschi̍-uanká (uan nasal; n French; last word without emphasis, nasal, and low; the whole run together and short).
Ten, uïktschémna (u and i separated; na short).
Twenty, numm.
Twenty-one, uïktschemna-nom-sommuaji (the whole run together and short; ji French).
Thirty, jamen.
Forty, toop; or toom.
Fifty, sáhpta.
Sixty, scháhkpe.
Seventy, schakoï.
Eighty, schakedoch.
Ninety, nahptschiuanká.
Hundred, opánuachä (an French; u and a separated; ch guttural; the whole run together and short; uacha nasal).
Thousand, iktó-panuachä (an French; the whole run together and short).
I eat, uauáhta (u and a separated).
You eat, uayáta (German).
He eats, uóhtä (u and o like w; o full; ta short).
We eat, o̍ntape (in pronouncing tape the voice falls; pe distinctly pronounced).
They eat, uóhtapä (o full).
I shall eat, uauáhtäkta (u and a separated; takta low and without emphasis).
I have eaten, uauáhta.
I had eaten, hähan-uauáhta (an French).
I would eat, hähan-uauáhta-net-schetscha (last word short and rapid).
Eat (imperative), uóhta-io (together; o full).
Eating, uóh-tä-sa (sa short).
Names of Animals
Antelope, tatóhka; or tatókana (na rather inaudible).
Bear, (black), uachánk-sitscha (emphasis on chank; sitscha low).
Bear (grizzly), mantó (an French).
Beaver, tscháhpa (pa short).
Bighorn, kihská.
Buffalo (bull), tatánka; cow, ptäh; calf, ptäh-sidja (j French); the general word is that for cow.
Dog, schónka (on French).
Elk, upán (pan nasal; an French); this is the general word.
Elk (stag), acháhka (ch guttural).
Horse, schónka-uakán (on and an French): erratum says read i̍hia.
Otter, ptán (an French).
Skunk, mankáh (an French, very short, and barely audible; kah loud and with emphasis).
Turkey (wild), sisitscha-kanka (s soft; kan in the throat).
Wolf, schuk-tóketscha-tanka.
Wolf (prairie), mi̍htschak-si̍h.