FOOTNOTES
[198] [‘Frampold’, peevish, perverse (Merry Wives of Windsor, 1598, ii, 2, 94) is supposed to be another form of ‘from-polled’, as if ‘wrong-headed’. ‘Garboil’, a tumult or hubbub, was originally garboyl, and came from old French garbouil (Italian garbuglio). ‘Brangle’, a brawl, stands for ‘brandle’ from Old Fr. brandeler, akin to ‘brandish’.]
[199] [‘Dutch’ i.e. Teutonic, Mid. High-German diutsch, old High-German diut-isk from diot, people, and so the people-ish or popular language the mother-tongue, founded on a primitive teuta, ‘people’. See Kluge s.v. Deutsch.]
[200] So in Herrick’s Electra:
“More white than are the whitest creams,
Or moonlight tinselling the streams”.
[201] [Hence also the epidemic of malefic power supposed to be air-borne, ‘influenza’.]
[202] See Holinshed’s Chronicles, vol. iii, pp. 827, 1218; Ann. 1513, 1570.
[203] Fairy Queen, vi, 7, 27; cf. v. 3, 37.
[204] [The two words are intimately related, ‘king’, contracted for kining (Anglo-Saxon cyn-ing), ‘son of the kin’ or ‘tribe’, one of the people, cognate with cynde, true-born, native, ‘kind’, and cynd, nature ‘kind’, whence ‘kindly’, natural.]
[205] See Sir W. Scott’s edition of Swift’s Works, vol. ix, p. 139.
[206] θηριακή, from θηρίον, a designation given to the viper, see Acts xxviii, 4. ‘Theriac’ is only the more rigid form of the same word, the scholarly, as distinguished from the popular, adoption of it. Augustine (Con. duas Epp. Pelag. iii, 7): Sicut fieri consuevit antidotum etiam de serpentibus contra venena serpentum.
[207] And Chaucer, more solemnly still:
“Christ, which that is to every harm triacle”.
The antidotal character of treacle comes out yet more in these lines of Lydgate:
“There is no venom so parlious in sharpnes,
As whan it hath of treacle a likenes”.
[208] “A slave that within these twenty years rode with the black guard in the Duke’s carriage, ’mongst spits and dripping pans”. (Webster’s White Devil.) [First ed. 1612. “The Black Guard of the King’s Kitchen” is mentioned in a State Paper of 1535 (N.E.D.).]
[209] Génin (Lexique de la Langue de Molière, p. 367) says well: “En augmentant le nombre des mots, il a fallu restreindre leur signification, et faire aux nouveaux un apanage aux dépens des anciens”.
[210] [Accordingly there is nothing tautological in the “dead corpses” of 2 Kings xix, 35, in the A.V.]
[211] [‘Weed’, vegetable growth, Anglo-Saxon weód, is here confounded with a perfectly distinct word ‘weed’, clothing, which is the Anglo-Saxon waéd, a garment.]
[212] And no less so in French with ‘dame’, by which form not ‘domina’ only, but ‘dominus’, was represented. Thus in early French poetry, “Dame Dieu” for “Dominus Deus” continually occurs. We have here the key to the French exclamation, or oath, as we now perceive it to be, ‘Dame’! of which the dictionaries give no account. See Génin’s Variations du Langage Français, p. 347.
[213] [‘Hoyden’ seems to be derived from the old Dutch heyden, a heathen, then a clownish, boorish fellow.]
[214] [This “ancient Saxon phrase”, as Longfellow calls it, has not been found in any old English writer, but has been adopted from the Modern German. Neither is it known in the dialects, E.D.D.]
[215] “A furlong, quasi furrowlong, being so much as a team in England plougheth going forward, before they return back again”. (Fuller, Pisgah Sight of Palestine, p. 42.) [‘Furlong’ in St. Luke xxiv, 13, already occurs in the Anglo-Saxon version of that passage as furlanga.]
[216] [Recent etymologists cannot see any connexion between ‘peck’ and ‘poke’.]
[217] [e. g. “One said thus preposterously: ‘when we had climbed the clifs and were a shore’” (Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, 1589, p. 181, ed. Arber). “It is a preposterous order to teach first and to learn after” (Preface to Bible, 1611). “Place not the coming of the wise men, preposterously, before the appearance of the star” (Abp. Secker, Sermons, iii, 85, ed. 1825).]
[218] Thus Barrow: “Which [courage and constancy] he that wanteth is no other than equivocally a gentleman, as an image or a carcass is a man”.
[219] Phillips, New World of Words, 1706. [‘Garble’ comes through old French garbeler, grabeler (Italian garbellare) from Latin cribellare, to sift, and that from cribellum, a sieve, diminutive of cribrum.]
[220] “But his [Gideon’s] army must be garbled, as too great for God to give victory thereby; all the fearful return home by proclamation” (Fuller, Pisgah Sight of Palestine, b. ii, c. 8).
[221] [Compare the transitions of meaning in French manant = (1) a dweller (where he was born—from manoir to dwell), the inhabitant of a homestead, (2) a countryman, (3) a clown or boor, a coarse fellow.]
[222] [These words lie totally apart. ‘Brat’, an infant, seems a figurative use of ‘brat’, a rag or pinafore, just as ‘bantling’ comes from ‘band’, a swathe.]
[223] “We cannot always be contemplative, or pragmatical abroad: but have need of some delightful intermissions, wherein the enlarged soul may leave off awhile her severe schooling”. (Milton, Tetrachordon.)
[224] [Anglo-Saxon cnafa, or cnapa, a boy.]
[225] [Mr. Fitzedward Hall in 1873 says ‘antecedents’ is “not yet a generation old” (Mod. English, 303). Landor in 1853 says “the French have lately taught (it to) us” (Last Fruit of an Old Tree, 176). De Quincey, in 1854 calls it “modern slang” (Works xiv, 449); and the earliest quotation, 1841, given in the N.E.D., introduces it as “what the French call their antecedents”.]
[226] See Whewell, History of Moral Philosophy in England, pp. xxvii.-xxxii.
[227] For a fuller treatment of the subject of this lecture, see my Select Glossary of English Words used formerly in senses different from their present, 2nd ed. London, 1859.