FOOTNOTES
[228] In proof that it need not be so, I would only refer to a paper, On Orthographical Expedients, by Edwin Guest, Esq., in the Transactions of the Philological Society, vol. iii. p. 1.
[229] [The scientific treatises on Phonetics of Mr. Alexander J. Ellis and Dr. Henry Sweet have surmounted the difficulty of registering sounds with great accuracy.]
[230] I have not observed this noticed in our dictionaries as the original form of the phrase. There is no doubt however of the fact; see Stanihurst’s Ireland, p. 33, in Holinshed’s Chronicles. [Rather from torvien, to throw,—Skeat].
[231] Notes and Queries, No. 147.
[232] See Boswell’s Life of Johnson, Croker’s edit. 1848, p. 233.
[233] [The b was purposely foisted into these words by bookmen to suggest their Latin derivation; it did not belong to them in earlier English. The same may be said of the g, intruded into ‘deign’ and ‘feign’.]
[234] A chief phonographer writes to me to deny that this is the present spelling (1856) of ‘Europe’. It was so when this paragraph was written. [Most people would now consider [Yeuroap] as American pronunciation.]
[235] Quintilian has expressed himself with the true dignity of a scholar on this matter (Inst. 1, 6, 45): Consuetudinem sermonis vocabo consensum eruditorum; sicut vivendi consensum bonorum.—How different from innovations like this the changes in the spelling of German which J. Grimm, so far as his own example may reach, has introduced; and the still bolder and more extensive ones which in the Preface to his Deutsches Wörterbuch, pp. liv.-lxii., he avows his desire to see introduced;—as the employment of f, not merely where it is at present used, but also wherever v is now employed; the substituting of the v, which would be thus disengaged, for w, and the entire dismissal of w. They may be advisable, or they may not; it is not for strangers to offer an opinion; but at any rate they are not a seizing of the fluctuating, superficial accidents of the present, and a seeking to give permanent authority to these, but they all rest on a deep historic study of the language, and of the true genius of the language.
[236] Croker’s edit. 1848, pp. 57, 61, 233.
[237] [An incorrect conclusion. Almost all ‘ea’ words were pronounced ‘ai’ down to the eighteenth century. Thus ‘great’ was a true rhyme to ‘cheat’ and ‘complete’, their ordinary pronunciation being ‘grait’, ‘chait’, ‘complait’.]
[238] [i.e. ‘Lunnun’.]
[239] A proposal for correcting, improving and ascertaining the English Tongue, 1711, Works, vol. ix, pp. 139-59.
[240] [‘Devest’ was still in use till the end of the eighteenth century, but ‘divest’ is already found in King Lear, 1605, i, 1, 50.]
[241] Pygmæi, quasi cubitales (Augustine).
[242] First so used by Theophrastus in Greek, and by Pliny in Latin.—The real identity of the two words explains Milton’s use of ‘diamond’ in Paradise Lost, b. 7; and also in that sublime passage in his Apology for Smectymnuus: “Then zeal, whose substance is ethereal, arming in complete diamond”.—Diez (Wörterbuch d. Roman. Sprachen, p. 123) supposes, not very probably, that it was under a certain influence of ‘diafano’, the translucent, that ‘adamante’ was in the Italian, whence we have derived the word, changed into ‘diamante’.
[243] [Similarly jowl for chowl or chavel.]
[244] Richard III, Act iv, Sc. 4.
[245] [For another account of this word, approved by Dr. Murray, see The Folk and their Word-Lore, p. 156.]
[246] [‘Bliss’ representing the old English bliths or blidhs, blitheness, is really a quite distinct word from ‘bless’, standing for blets, old English blétsian (=blóedsian, to consecrate with blood, blód), although the latter was by a folk-etymology very frequently spelt ‘bliss’.]
[247] [But ‘afraied’ is the earliest form of the word (1350), the verb itself being at first spelt ‘afray’ (1325). N.E.D.]
[248] How close this relationship was once, not merely in respect of etymology, but also of significance, a passage like this will prove: “Perchance, as vultures are said to smell the earthiness of a dying corpse; so this bird of prey [the evil spirit which personated Samuel, 1 Sam. xxviii. 41] resented a worse than earthly savor in the soul of Saul, as evidence of his death at hand”. (Fuller, The Profane State, b. 5, c. 4.)
[249] [There is an unfortunate confusion here between ‘heal’ to make ‘hale’ or ‘[w]hole’ (Anglo-Saxon hælan) and the old (and Provincial) English hill, to cover, hilling, covering, hellier, a slater, akin to ‘hell’, the covered place, ‘helm’; Icelandic hylja, to cover.]
[250] [By a curious slip Dr. Trench here confounds ‘recover’, to recuperate or regain health (derived through old French recovrer from Latin recuperare), with a totally distinct word re-cover, to cover or clothe over again, which comes from old French covrir, Latin co-operire. It is just the difference between ‘recovering’ a lost umbrella through the police and ‘recovering’ a torn one at a shop. I pointed this out to the author in 1869, and I think he altered the passage in his later editions.]
[251] [‘Island’, though cognate with Anglo-Saxon eá-land “water-land” (German ei-land), is really identical with Anglo-Saxon íg-land, i.e. “isle-land”, from íg, an island, the diminutive of which survives in eyot or ait.]
[252] [The editor essayed to make a complete collection of this class of words in his Folk-etymology, a Dictionary of Words corrupted by False Derivation or Mistaken Analogy, 1882, and more recently in a condensed form in The Folk and their Word-Lore, 1904.]
[253] Diez looks with much favour on this process, and calls it, ein sinnreiches mittel fremdlinge ganz heimisch zu machen.
[254] Ammianus Marcellinus, xxii, 15, 28.
[255] [The Greek pyramis probably represents the Egyptian piri-m-ûisi (Maspero, Dawn of Civilization, 358), or pir-am-us (Brugsch, Egypt under the Pharaohs, i, 73), rather than pi-ram, ‘the height’ (Birch, Bunsen’s Egypt, v, 763).]
[256] Tacitus, Hist. v. 2.
[257] Let me illustrate this by further instances in a note. Thus βούτυρον, from which, through the Latin, our ‘butter’ has descended to us, is borrowed (Pliny, H.N. xxviii. 9) from a Scythian word, now to us unknown: yet it is sufficiently plain that the Greeks so shaped and spelt it as to contain apparent allusion to cow and cheese; there is in βούτυρον an evident feeling after βοῦς and τυρόν. Bozra, meaning citadel in Hebrew and Phœnician, and the name, no doubt, which the citadel of Carthage bore, becomes Βύρσα on Greek lips; and then the well known legend of the ox-hide was invented upon the name; not having suggested it, but being itself suggested by it. Herodian (v. 6) reproduces the name of the Syrian goddess Astarte in a shape that is significant also for Greek ears—Ἀστροάρχη, The Star-ruler, or Star-queen. When the apostate and hellenizing Jews assumed Greek names, ‘Eliakim’ or “Whom God has set”, became ‘Alcimus’ (ἄλκιμος) or The Strong (1 Macc. vii. 5). Latin examples in like kind are ‘comissatio’, spelt continually ‘comessatio’, and ‘comessation’ by those who sought to naturalize it in England, as though it were connected with ‘cŏmedo’, to eat, being indeed the substantive from the verb ‘cōmissari’ (—κωμάζειν), to revel, as Plutarch, whose Latin is in general not very accurate, long ago correctly observed; and ‘orichalcum’, spelt often ‘aurichalcum’, as though it were a composite metal of mingled gold and brass; being indeed the mountain brass (ὀρείχαλκος). The miracle play, which is ‘mystère’, in French, whence our English ‘mystery’ was originally written ‘mistère’, being properly derived from ‘ministère’, and having its name because the clergy, the ministri Ecclesiæ, conducted it. This was forgotten, and it then took its present form of ‘mystery’, as though so called because the mysteries of the faith were in it set out.
[258] We have here, in this bringing of the words by their supposed etymology together, the explanation of the fact that Spenser (Fairy Queen, i, 7, 44), Middleton (Works, vol. 5, pp. 524, 528, 538), and others employ ‘Tartary’ as equivalent to ‘Tartarus’ or hell.
[259] For a full discussion of this matter and fixing of the period at which ‘sinfluot’ became ‘sündflut’, see the Theol. Stud. u. Krit. vol. ii, p. 613; and Delitzsch, Genesis, 2nd ed. vol. ii, p. 210.
[260] [The name of the small grape, originally raisins de Corauntz, was transferred to the ribes in the sixteenth century.]
[261] Ben Jonson, The New Inn, Act i, Sc. i.
[262] [On the contrary, it is the modern “Welsh rarebit” which has been mistakenly evolved out of the older “Welsh rabbit” as I have shown in Folk-Etymology, p. 431. Grose has both forms in his Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785.]
[263] ‘Leghorn’ is sometimes quoted as an example of this; but erroneously; for, as Admiral Smyth has shown (The Mediterranean, p. 409) ‘Livorno’ is itself rather the modern corruption, and ‘Ligorno’ the name found on the earlier charts.
[264] Exactly the same happens in other languages; thus ‘armbrust’, a crossbow, looks German enough, and yet has nothing to do with ‘arm’ or ‘brust’, being a contraction of ‘arcubalista’, but a contraction under these influences. As little has ‘abenteuer’ anything to do with ‘abend’ or ‘theuer’, however it may seem to be connected with them, being indeed the Provençal ‘adventura’. And ‘weissagen’ in its earlier forms had nothing in common with ‘sagen’.
[265] [So Diez. But Prof. Skeat and Scheler see no reason why it should not be direct from French refuser and Low Latin refusare, from refusus, rejected.]
[266] It is upon this word that De Quincey (Life and Manners, p. 70, American Ed.) says excellently well: “It is in fact by such corruptions, by off-sets upon an old stock, arising through ignorance or mispronunciation originally, that every language is frequently enriched; and new modifications of thought, unfolding themselves in the progress of society, generate for themselves concurrently appropriate expressions.... It must not be allowed to weigh against a word once fairly naturalized by all, that originally it crept in upon an abuse or a corruption. Prescription is as strong a ground of legitimation in a case of this nature, as it is in law. And the old axiom is applicable—Fieri non debuit, factum valet. Were it otherwise, languages would be robbed of much of their wealth”. [Works, vol. xiv., p. 201.]
[267] [The direct opposite is the fact. The French contredanse was borrowed from the English ‘country-dance’. See The Folk and their Word-Lore, p. 153.]
[268] [These words are not identical. They were in use as distinct words in the fifteenth century. See N.E.D.]
[269] [Dr. Murray has shown that ‘causeway’ is not a corruption of ‘causey’ but a compound of that word with ‘way’.]
[270] [Prof. Skeat has demonstrated that the supposed Greek ‘rachitis’, inflammation of the back, is an ætiological invention to serve as etymon of ‘rickets’, the condition of being rickety, a purely native word. See also Folk-Etymology, 312.]
[271] [See The Folk and their Word-Lore, p. 124.]
[272] Phars. vi. 720-830.
[273] Thus in a Vocabulary, 1475: Nigromansia dicitur divinatio facta per nigros.
[274] [Dyce believed that it was really thus derived and distinct from pleurisy, but it was evidently modelled upon that word (Remarks on Editions of Shakespeare, p. 218).]
[275] As ‘orthography’ itself means properly “right spelling”, it might be a curious question whether it is permissible to speak of an incorrect orthography, that is of a wrong right-spelling. The question which would be thus started is one of not unfrequent recurrence, and it is very worthy of observation how often, so soon as we take note of etymologies, this contradictio in adjecto is found to occur. I will here adduce a few examples from the Greek, the Latin, the German, and from our own tongue. Thus the Greeks having no convenient word to express a rider, apart from a rider on a horse, did not scruple to speak of the horseman (ἱππεύς) upon an elephant. They often allowed themselves in a like inaccuracy, where certainly there was no necessity; as in using ἀνδριάς of the statue of a woman; where it would have been quite as easy to have used εἱκών or ἄγαλμα. So too their ‘table’ (τράπεζα = τετράπεζα) involved probably the four feet which commonly support one; yet they did not shrink from speaking of a three-footed table (τρίπους τράπεζα), in other words, a “three-footed four-footed”; much as though we should speak of a “three-footed quadruped”. Homer writes of a ‘hecatomb’ not of a hundred, but of twelve, oxen; and elsewhere of Hebe he says, in words not reproducible in English, νέκταρ ἐωνοχόει. ‘Tetrarchs’ were often rulers of quite other than fourth parts of a land. Ἀκρατος had so come to stand for wine, without any thought more of its signifying originally the unmingled, that St. John speaks of ἄκρατος κεκερασμένος (Rev. xiv. 10), or the unmingled mingled. Boxes in which precious ointments were contained were so commonly of alabaster, that the name came to be applied to them whether they were so or not; and Theocritus celebrates “golden alabasters”. Cicero having to mention a water-clock is obliged to call it a water sundial (solarium ex aquâ). Columella speaks of a “vintage of honey” (vindemia mellis), and Horace invites his friend to impede, not his foot, but his head, with myrtle (caput impedire myrto). Thus too a German writer who desired to tell of the golden shoes with which the folly of Caligula adorned his horse could scarcely avoid speaking of golden hoof-irons. The same inner contradiction is involved in such language as our own, a “false verdict”, a “steel cuirass” (‘coriacea’ from corium, leather), “antics new” (Harrington’s Ariosto), an “erroneous etymology”, a “corn chandler”; that is, a “corn candle-maker”, “rather late”, ‘rather’ being the comparative of ‘rathe’, early, and thus “rather late” being indeed “more early late”; and in others.
[276] [‘Siren’ is now generally understood to have meant originally a songstress, from the root svar, to sing or sound, seen in syrinx, a flute, su(r)-sur-us, etc. See J. E. Harrison, Myths of the Odyssey, p. 175.]
[277] [‘Chymist’ seems to be the oldest form of the word in English; see N.E.D.]
[278] χημία, the name of Egypt; see Plutarch, De Is. et Os. c. 33.
[279] We have a notable evidence how deeply rooted this error was, how long this confusion endured, of the way in which it was shared by the learned as well as the unlearned, in Milton’s Apology for Smectymnuus, sect. 7, which everywhere presumes the identity of the ‘satyr’ and the ‘satirist’. It was Isaac Casaubon who first effectually dissipated it even for the learned world. The results of his investigations were made popular for the unlearned reader by Dryden, in the very instructive Discourse on Satirical Poetry, prefixed to his translations of Juvenal; but the confusion still survives, and ‘satyrs’ and ‘satires’, the Greek ‘satyric’ drama, the Latin ‘satirical’ poetry, are still assumed by most to have something to do with one another.
[280] [‘Dirige’ was the first word of the antiphon at matins in the Office for the Dead, taken from Psalm v, 9 (Vulg.), in which occur the words “dirige in conspectu tuo vitam meam”. See Skeat, Piers Plowman, ii, 52. Hence also Scotch dregy, a dirge.]
[281] [Incorrect: the ‘mid-wife’ is etymologically she that is with (old English mid) a woman to help her in her hour of need, like German bei-frau, Spanish co-madre, Icelandic naer-kona, “near-woman”, Latin ob-stetrix, “by-stander”, all words for the lying-in nurse. Compare German mit-bruder, a comrade.]
“I have seen him
Caper upright, like a wild Môrisco,
Shaking the bloody darts, as he his bells”.
Shakespeare, 2 Henry VI Act iii, Sc. 1.
[283] In the reprinting of old books it is often very difficult to determine how far the old shape in which words present themselves should be retained, how far they should be conformed to present usage. It is comparatively easy to lay down as a rule that in books intended for popular use, wherever the form of the word is not affected by the modernizing of the spelling, as where this modernizing consists merely in the dropping of superfluous letters, there it shall take place; as who would wish our Bibles to be now printed letter for letter after the edition of 1611, or Shakespeare with the orthography of the first folio; but wherever more than the spelling, the actual shape, outline, and character of the word has been affected by the changes which it has undergone, that in all such cases the earlier form shall be held fast. The rule is a judicious one; but when it is attempted to carry it out, it is not always easy to draw the line, and to determine what affects the form and essence of a word, and what does not. About some words there can be no doubt; and therefore when a modern editor of Fuller’s Church History complacently announces that he has allowed himself in such changes as ‘dirige’ into ‘dirge’, ‘barreter’ into ‘barrister’, ‘synonymas’ into ‘synonymous’, ‘extempory’ into ‘extemporary’, ‘scited’ into ‘situated’, ‘vancurrier’ into ‘avant-courier’; he at the same time informs us that for all purposes of the study of the English language (and few writers are for this more important than Fuller), he has made his edition utterly worthless. Or again, when modern editors of Shakespeare print, and that without giving any intimation of the fact,
“Like quills upon the fretful porcupine”,
he having written, and in his first folio and quarto the words standing,
“Like quills upon the fretful porpentine”,
this being the earlier, and in Shakespeare’s time the more common form of the word [e.g. “the purpentines nature” (Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, 1589, p. 118, ed. Arber)], they must be considered as taking a very unwarrantable liberty with his text; and no less, when they substitute ‘Kenilworth’ for ‘Killingworth’, which he wrote, and which was his, Marlowe’s, and generally the earlier form of the name.
[284] [Compare Latin amita, yielding old French ante, our ‘aunt’.]
[285] “The Carthaginians shall restore and deliver back all the renegates [perfugas] and fugitives that have fled to their side from us”.—p. 751.
[286] [See further in The Folk and their Word-Lore, p. 80.]
[287] Halbertsma quoted by Bosworth, Origin of the English and Germanic Languages, p. 39.
INDEX OF WORDS
| PAGE | |
| Abenteuer | [240] |
| Abnormal | [72] |
| Abominable | [245] |
| Academy | [70] |
| Accommodate | [107] |
| Acre | [193] |
| Adamant | [230] |
| Admiralty | [107] |
| Advocate | [82] |
| Æon | [72] |
| Æsthetic | [72] |
| Afeard | [126] |
| Affluent | [104] |
| Afraid | [127] |
| Afterthink | [120] |
| Alcimus | [237] |
| Alcove | [16] |
| Amphibious | [107] |
| Analogie | [56] |
| Ant | [253] |
| Antecedents | [210] |
| Anthem | [245] |
| Antipodes | [68] |
| Apotheosis | [67] |
| -ard | [141] |
| Armbrust | [240] |
| Arride | [58] |
| Ascertain | [186] |
| Ask | [126] |
| Astarte | [237] |
| Attercop | [123] |
| Aurantium | [241] |
| Aurichalcum | [237] |
| Avunculize | [91] |
| Axe | [126] |
| Baffle | [181] |
| Baker, bakester | [157] |
| Banter | [106] |
| Barrier | [70] |
| Battalion | [61] |
| Bawn | [123] |
| Benefice, benefit | [97] |
| Bitesheep | [144] |
| Black art | [243] |
| Blackguard | [189] |
| Blasphemous | [128] |
| Bless | [231] |
| Bombast | [199] |
| Book | [21] |
| Boor | [202] |
| Bozra | [237] |
| Brangle | [177] |
| Bran-new | [231] |
| Brat | [205] |
| Brazen | [164] |
| Breaden | [163] |
| Bruin | [89] |
| Buffalo | [16] |
| Butter | [237] |
| Buxom | [139] |
| Chagrin | [95] |
| Chance-medley | [243] |
| Chanticleer | [89] |
| Chemist, chemistry | [248] |
| Chicken | [158] |
| Chouse | [91] |
| Chymist, chymistry | [248] |
| Clawback | [144] |
| Comissatio | [237] |
| Commérage | [204] |
| Confluent | [104] |
| Congregational | [79] |
| Contrary | [128] |
| Corpse | [191] |
| Country dance | [242] |
| Court card | [239] |
| Coxcomb | [229] |
| Cozen | [231] |
| Crawfish | [252] |
| Creansur | [45] |
| Criterion | [67] |
| Crone, crony | [93] |
| Crucible | [245] |
| Crusade | [62] |
| Cuirass | [246] |
| Currant | [239] |
| Cynarctomachy | [91] |
| Dahlia | [88] |
| Dame | [192] |
| Dandylion | [243] |
| Dearworth | [120] |
| Dedal | [86] |
| Dehort | [137] |
| Demagogue | [55] |
| Denominationalism | [79] |
| Depot | [69] |
| Diamond | [230] |
| Dirge | [250] |
| Dissimilation | [103] |
| Divest | [229] |
| Donat | [86] |
| Dorter | [20] |
| Dosones | [90] |
| Doughty | [146] |
| Drachm | [193] |
| Dragoman | [12] |
| Dub | [146] |
| Duke | [191] |
| Dumps | [147] |
| Dutch | [177] |
| Eame | [118] |
| Earsport | [119] |
| Eaves | [159] |
| Educational | [79] |
| Effervescence | [55] |
| Einseitig | [75] |
| Eliakim | [237] |
| Ell | [251] |
| Emet | [253] |
| Emotional | [79] |
| Encyclopedia | [67] |
| Enfantillage | [55] |
| Equivocation | [196] |
| Erutar | [149] |
| Escobarder | [88] |
| -ess | [153] |
| Europe | [224] |
| Eyebite | [120] |
| Fairy | [191] |
| Farfalla | [15] |
| Fatherland | [75] |
| Flitter-mouse | [118] |
| Flota | [17] |
| Folklore | [75] |
| Foolhappy | [137] |
| Foolhardy | [137] |
| Foolhasty | [137] |
| Foollarge | [137] |
| Foretalk | [120] |
| Fougue | [66] |
| Fraischeur | [66] |
| Frances | [95] |
| Francis | [95] |
| Frimm | [118] |
| Frivolité | [55] |
| Frontispiece | [245] |
| Furlong | [193] |
| Gainly | [136] |
| Gallon | [193] |
| Galvanism | [88] |
| Garble | [199] |
| Geir | [118] |
| Gentian | [86] |
| Girdle | [21] |
| Girfalcon | [118] |
| Girl | [192] |
| Glassen | [163] |
| Gordian | [86] |
| Gossip | [203] |
| Great | [226] |
| Grimsire | [119] |
| Grocer | [229] |
| Grogram | [229] |
| Halfgod | [120] |
| Hallow | [82] |
| Handbook | [75] |
| Hangdog | [145] |
| Hector | [89] |
| Heft | [118] |
| Hermetic | [86] |
| Hery | [118] |
| Hierosolyma | [236] |
| Hipocras | [86] |
| Hippodame | [64] |
| His | [131] |
| Hooker | [16] |
| Hoppester | [155] |
| Hotspur | [119] |
| Hoyden | [192] |
| Huck | [157] |
| Huckster, huckstress | [157] |
| Hurricane | [14] |
| Iceberg | [73] |
| Icefield | [74] |
| Idea | [197] |
| Imp | [205] |
| Influence | [181] |
| International | [78] |
| Island | [234] |
| Isle | [234] |
| Isolated | [107] |
| Isothermal | [102] |
| Its | [130] |
| Jaw | [230] |
| Jeopardy | [82] |
| Kenilworth | [253] |
| Kindly | [184] |
| Kirtle | [21] |
| Knave | [207] |
| Knitster | [155] |
| Knot | [87] |
| Lambiner | [88] |
| Lass | [154] |
| Lazar | [86] |
| Leer | [118] |
| Leghorn | [240] |
| Libel | [191] |
| Lifeguard | [74] |
| Lissome | [140] |
| London | [227] |
| Lunch, luncheon | [129] |
| Malingerer | [119] |
| Mammet, mammetry | [87] |
| Mandragora | [243] |
| Mansarde | [89] |
| Matachin | [17] |
| Matamoros | [143] |
| Mausoleum | [86] |
| Meat | [191] |
| Meddle, meddlesome | [206] |
| Middler | [121] |
| Mid-wife | [250] |
| Milken | [163] |
| Mischievous | [128] |
| Miscreant | [179] |
| Mithridate | [86] |
| Mixen | [123] |
| Morris dance | [251] |
| Mystery, mystère | [237] |
| Myth | [72] |
| Nap | [147] |
| Necromancy | [243] |
| Negus | [87] |
| Nemorivagus | [77] |
| Neophyte | [107] |
| Nesh | [118] |
| Niggot | [85] |
| Nimm | [118] |
| Noonscape | [129] |
| Noonshun | [129] |
| Normal | [72] |
| Nostril | [251] |
| Nugget | [85] |
| Nuncheon | [128] |
| Oblige | [69] |
| Obsequies | [241] |
| Oculissimus | [90] |
| Orange | [241] |
| Orichalcum | [237] |
| Ornamentation | [72] |
| Orrery | [87] |
| Orthography | [245] |
| Pagan | [202] |
| Painful, painfulness | [186] |
| Pandar, pandarism | [89] |
| Panorama | [107] |
| Pasquinade | [87] |
| Patch | [87] |
| Pate | [146] |
| Pease | [159] |
| Peck | [193] |
| Pester | [84] |
| Philauty | [105] |
| Photography | [72] |
| Physician | [101] |
| Pigmy | [229] |
| Pinchpenny | [144] |
| Pleurisy | [244] |
| Plunder | [73], [106] |
| Poet | [101] |
| Polite | [200] |
| Polytheism | [107] |
| Porcupine | [253] |
| Porpoise | [63] |
| Postremissimus | [91] |
| Potecary | [64] |
| Prævaricator | [196] |
| Pragmatical | [206] |
| Préliber | [56] |
| Preposterous | [195] |
| Prestige | [68] |
| Prevaricate | [196] |
| Privado | [16] |
| Prose, proser | [206] |
| Punctilio | [16] |
| Punto | [16] |
| Pyramid | [235] |
| Quellio | [17] |
| Quinsey | [63] |
| Quirpo | [16] |
| Quirry | [64] |
| Rakehell | [145] |
| Rame | [241] |
| Rathe, rathest | [138] |
| Realmrape | [119] |
| Recover | [233] |
| Redingote | [63] |
| Refuse | [241] |
| Regoldar | [149] |
| Religion | [183] |
| Renegade | [254] |
| Renown | [103] |
| Resent | [233] |
| Reynard | [89] |
| Rhyme | [245] |
| Riches | [159] |
| Rickets | [243] |
| Righteousness | [137] |
| Rodomontade | [89] |
| Rome | [227] |
| Rootfast | [119] |
| Rosen | [162] |
| Ruly | [136] |
| Runagate | [254] |
| Sag | [118] |
| Sardanapalisme | [88] |
| Sash | [63] |
| Satellites | [61] |
| Satire, satirical | [250] |
| Satyr, satyric | [249], [250] |
| Scent | [232] |
| Schimmer | [118] |
| Scrip | [232] |
| Seamster, seamstress | [155], [156] |
| Selfish, selfishness | [105] |
| Sentiment | [107] |
| Sepoy | [240] |
| Serene | [135] |
| Shrewd, shrewdness | [209] |
| Silhouette | [88] |
| Silvern | [163] |
| Silvicultrix | [77] |
| Siren | [247] |
| Skinker | [117] |
| Skip | [147] |
| Slick | [132] |
| Smellfeast | [143] |
| Smug | [146] |
| Solidarity | [70] |
| Songster, songstress | [155], [156] |
| Sorcerer | [101] |
| Spencer | [88] |
| Sperr | [118] |
| Spheterize | [72] |
| Spinner, spinster | [156] |
| Starconner | [120] |
| Starvation | [80] |
| Starve | [192] |
| Stereotype | [72] |
| Stonen | [163] |
| Suckstone | [120] |
| Sudden | [220] |
| Suicide | [105] |
| Suicism, suist | [105] |
| Sündflut | [238] |
| Sunstead | [120] |
| Swindler | [74] |
| Sycophant | [208] |
| Tabinet | [88] |
| Tapster | [157] |
| Tarre | [118] |
| Tartar | [237] |
| Tartary | [238] |
| Tea | [227] |
| Theriac | [187] |
| Thou | [171] |
| Thrasonical | [89] |
| Tind | [118] |
| Tinnen | [163] |
| Tinsel | [180] |
| Tinsel-slippered | [180] |
| Tontine | [88] |
| Topsy-turvy | [215] |
| Tosspot | [144] |
| Tram | [88] |
| Treacle | [187] |
| Trigger | [73] |
| Trounce | [147] |
| Turban | [13] |
| Umstroke | [120] |
| Uncouth | [124] |
| Vancurrier | [64] |
| Vicinage | [63] |
| Villain | [201], [208] |
| Volcano | [86] |
| Voltaic | [88] |
| Voyage | [191] |
| Wanhope | [117] |
| Waterfright | [120] |
| Watershed | [103] |
| Weed | [192] |
| Welk | [118] |
| Welkin | [158] |
| Welsh rabbit | [240] |
| Whole | [234] |
| Windflower | [120] |
| Wiseacre | [240] |
| Witch | [101] |
| Witticism | [106] |
| Witwanton | [119] |
| Woburn | [220] |
| Woodbine | [229] |
| Worship | [185] |
| Wörterbuch | [111] |
| Yard | [193] |
| Youngster | [156] |
| Zoology | [107] |
| Zoophyte | [107] |