DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLET
OF THE
R I C H M O N D
ALL SIZES OF
Mill Stones and Complete Grinding and Bolting
Combined Husk or Portable
Portable Corn and Feed Mills; Smut and Separating
Machines; Zigzag and Oat Separators, Dustless Separators,
Warehouse Separators, Water Wheels;
Mill Shafting; Pulleys; Spur and Bevel, Iron
and Core, Gearing.
AND
Bolting Cloth: Flour, Meal, Buckwheat and Rye Bolts.
Complete in Chests; Plantation and Farm Mills;
Screen Wire; Perforated Zinc; English Steel Mill
Picks; Elevator Cups; All kinds of Belting;
Hoisting Screws; Proof Staffs, &c.
Factory and Office two Blocks South of Railroad Bridge.
RICHMOND, IND.
TELEGRAM STEAM PRINTING COMPANY.
1872.
COPYRIGHT SECURED.
Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1872, by Nordyke, Marmon &
Co., in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
CONTENTS.
| Introductory | [5] |
| Mill Stones | [8] |
| Building and Balancing Stones | [9] |
| Standing and Running Balance | [9] |
| Bolting Cloth | [13] |
| Under-Runner Mills | [14] |
| Under-Runner Geared Mills | [16] |
| Upper-Runner Mills | [17] |
| Pulley Mills | [18] |
| Attaching and Driving | [18] |
| Geared Mills | [19] |
| Single Reel Bolt, complete | [21] |
| Portable Mill and Bolt | [22] |
| Complete Portable Grinding and Belting Flour Mills | [24] |
| Combined Mill Husk | [31] |
| Double Reel Bolts | [35] |
| Grinding and Flouring, and Capacity | [35] |
| Keeping in Order | [37] |
| Directions for Ordering | [39] |
| Setting up and Starting | [40] |
| Smut and Separating Machines | [41] |
| Ordering Smut and Separating Machines | [44] |
| Dustless Oat Separator and Zigzag | [45] |
| Flour Packers | [47] |
| Bran Dusters | [49] |
| Farm and Plantation Mills | [52] |
| Corn and Cob Crusher, and Grinder | [54] |
| Corn Shellers | [55] |
| Hominy Mills | [58] |
| Scales | [60] |
| Weight of various Products | [64] |
| Contents of a Hopper, how to find | [65] |
| Contents of a Bin, how to find | [65] |
| Shafting, Hangers and Boxing | [66] |
| Rules to find Speed of Pulleys and Gearing | [70] |
| Weight of Round or Square Iron | [71] |
| Weight of Sheet Iron | [71] |
| Spring Coupling and Driver | [72] |
| Gearing | [73] |
| Spur Geared Mills | [74] |
| Cogs | [74] |
| Water Power | [75] |
| Measurement of Water in a Stream | [75] |
| Steam Engines | [77] |
| Self-Tramming Mill Irons | [78] |
| Oil Bush | [81] |
| Mill Bushes | [82] |
| Lighter Screws and Hand Wheels | [84] |
| Lighter Levers | [85] |
| Mill Steps | [85] |
| Mill Curbs or Hoops | [86] |
| Silent Feeders | [87] |
| Proof-Staffs | [88] |
| Red-Staffs | [89] |
| Mill-Picks | [89] |
| Hoisting Screws, Bales and Pins | [92] |
| Damsels | [92] |
| Elevators | [94] |
| Elevator Cups and Fastenings | [95] |
| Bag Trucks | [96] |
| Conveyor Flights | [96] |
| Belting | [97] |
| Buckwheat Bolts | [97] |
| Meal Bolts | [97] |
| Perforated Zinc and Iron Plates | [97] |
| Screen Wire | [97] |
| Duster Wire | [98] |
| Prices, Terms, and Weights | [98] |
| Testimonials | [99] |
| References | [115] |
| Table of Logs, reduced to Board Measure | [118] |
INTRODUCTORY.
We present our customers and those whose names have been given us with our descriptive pamphlet for 1872.
Having now been established over thirty-five years in the construction of machinery in this particular line, and knowing most of the old and new improvements which have been a success and those which have failed, we are offering, after almost a constant course of labor, mill machinery of undoubted superior qualities. And now we invite the attention of those interested to the articles of our designing and make, fully believing a careful investigation and comparison with the work of any manufacturer will convince them of its excellence. Our work being represented in OVER ONE THOUSAND FLOURING MILLS is some evidence of its practical merits. No experiments, but get the best. We have files of letters and statements that tell of the costly experiences of those having bought new and untried machinery.
The mill of to-day of whatever dimensions must be simple, compact, efficient, durable and cheap.
THE FOLLOWING POINTS
have claimed our special study to obtain the best results in the different locations, and purposes required.
1st. The best wheat scouring and separating machinery.
2d. The quality of burr stones required, best speed, draft and form of furrows, and best mode of driving them.
3d. Numbers of cloth, amount of bolting surface required, best arrangement of numbers, &c.
4th. Propriety of regrinding, how best to grade the offal for this purpose, as well as other requirements of flour mills.
COMBINED HUSKS
with two to four run of stones varying from two to four feet diameter, and all in one substantial frame, spindles being long and arranged for the gearing and lower part of husk to be in the basement of the mill-house on an independent foundation, are made complete in our works, carefully put up and adjusted, marked, taken apart, small pieces boxed and otherwise prepared for shipment and ease of putting up. This plan was first adopted by us in the year 1867; since that time we have put out considerably over one hundred run of stone on this plan, all receiving the highest commendations of the owners.
OUR PORTABLE MILLS
are in extensive use, but by careful observation we have found the means of improvement, and within the last few years have revised our patterns, and we say, with entire confidence, all things being considered, that we make the best heavy husk portable mill in the market, they having none of the objectionable features so common in mills of this class.
PARTICULAR ATTENTION
is directed to OUR COMPLETE GRINDING AND BOLTING FLOUR MILL adapted to the special demands of a custom mill. Those now made have all the improvements of value to the present date, and furnished at a price so reasonable that every town or neighborhood of sufficient demands can be supplied; good flour and yield guaranteed.
SELF TRAMMING, DRIVING AND BALANCE IRONS
as improved, are extensively used, and in brisk demand. These are no new and doubtful experiment. See the cuts and description, and the defects of other modes of driving irons will readily be understood. We are prepared to execute
DRAWINGS AND PLANS
with description, bills of material required in the construction of mill-house all ready to receive the machinery, showing also the location of mills and machinery in the building. This is of special advantage, as it can be turned over to the carpenter or contractor for execution, thus saving trouble in knowing the cost before you begin, as well as knowing where to strike.
OUR ADVANTAGES.
Our whole attention is devoted to this particular line of manufacturing, with special tools, machinery and permanent buildings built and adapted expressly for the purpose, at a great expense. We are thus enabled to conduct with system and accuracy the production of good work. We have advantages in location, as a glance at a map of the States will show; we are central, in ready access to lumber, coal and iron, (other makers both east and west of us are supplied in a great measure, some altogether, with hard lumber from our State.) We have good Railroad shipping facilities in all directions, and purchasers can have their work safely delivered almost at their own doors at low shipping rates.
With these advantages we are able to compete with any factory, east or west, saving time, money and risk to the purchaser.
MILL STONES.
FACE OF MILL STONE.
This is one of the specialties of our business. It has been built up from small beginnings to one of the largest west of New York. We keep a large stock of burr blocks from which to make selections. Hence if we should not have on hands, built up, the sized stone or quality that is wanted, we can give our customers just what they need on very short notice. Our facilities for turning out first-class work of this kind, are equal to any in the west. Having in our employ men experienced in the manufacture and use of burrs, we are able to furnish our customers just the quality of goods they need for their particular class of work.
BACK OF STONE.
We are well aware of the importance of a good mill stone to profitably flour wheat, and give this department the most careful attention. For a description of our method of building and backing up runner stones, we refer the reader to the article following, under the head of “Building and Balancing Runner Stones.” Where our customers prefer to do all the mill-wright work in their mill, we are prepared to make in addition to the burrs, such shafting, gearing, spindles, irons and machinery as they may need.
Building and Balancing Stones.
We put all runner stones on a point or cock-head, and keep them in balance while “backing up;” consequently they are as near in standing and running balance as they can be, by this means. We have testimony to the fact, that a number of stones we have made (all balanced upon the old plan of a cock-head at the center,) are in such perfect balance that if the wheat is exhausted in the hopper, the face of the runner will not touch the bed-stone. The importance of balancing on the true principle, is mostly overlooked. In a mill properly balanced, the stones will keep a better grinding face with one-half the time and labor required if they are not thus balanced. Particular attention must be paid to keeping the runner in balance, as after leaving our works, the cement dries out in such a manner as to sometimes throw the runner out of both standing and running balance. For a description of the means we provide to do this important work of balancing, see the cuts and description under head of “Standing and Running Balance.”
We put iron backs on our under-runners, to protect the stone from wearing out of balance.
Standing and Running Balance.
Millers as a rule know that a stone in standing balance is not always in running balance, and vice versa, yet they are well aware that a stone should be in both. The reason these two balances do not always exist at the same time, or why the light side of a stone standing should seem the heavy side on running, is not clearly understood, and hence the difficulty in obviating the trouble. The importance of a correct standing balance and at the same time a true running balance, cannot well be over-estimated. Suppose the balancing weights in a runner are so adjusted that the stone stands in balance on the cock-head when raised above the bed-stone, but on starting, instead of its face remaining true and running steady, one side droops, and it runs with an apparent vibration or oscillation of the face. It will be found, however, upon examination, that it will always run with the same side low—going to show that the difficulty is centered in one certain point.
In these cuts are shown the improved balance boxes adopted by us. The one on the right is the box complete. They are placed in the runner with the rounding part in contact with the band, with the lid of the box a little below the plaster back. The figure to the left illustrates the inner adjustable box and screw for adjusting the same when in the stone. It will be noticed it has two parts divided by a partition. The cover to this inner box shown in the middle figure is secured with a screw, and fits down upon the box and close over the division, so that either side may be used when the weight is wanted at a point between any two of the balance boxes. We put five of them in a runner stone. This number is deemed entirely sufficient. They are made of cast-iron and fit up in good style, the wrought screws being all tapped into the iron. We find this balance box gives the miller entire control of the runner, and easy to operate, simply by removing the curb and letting the stone rest in position. A wrench is all the tool needed; the weights when in position are not subject to derangement, as those ordinarily used.
Now that we have the means explained by which this important work is to be done, next comes the question, How shall I do it? First, we would say, put the runner in standing balance in the usual manner, and lowering the required weight to the bottom of the boxes. In mills with the old style of stiff driving irons the spindle and driver must be carefully trammed to the runner, as well as a proper bearing and a good fit of the cock-head into the cockeye; unless this is attended to it will be no use to proceed. Where our self-tramming driving irons are used, the process of putting in a balance will be a pleasure instead of a long disagreeable process, and it will be more perfect than is possible with any other appliance for this purpose.
The runner being in standing balance, place two boards planed evenly and ⅜ of an inch in thickness between the stones, (they may be 4 to 8 inches wide) allowing the ends to project sufficiently to fasten securely to a block or piece of timber fastened to the husk; place them about midway between the spindle and outer edge of stone, and put the stone in motion, letting it down upon the boards until its face runs steady and true; then turn off the plaster back perfectly true with the face, from a firm rest properly supported; now try the standing balance again. By turning off the back it may have been changed. Next find the light side of the stone by elevating the runner from the boards, and run it as fast as it will bear without too much vibration, as in cases where the stone is much out of balance the full speed should be approached gradually in the process. Hold a pencil against the rest plank and approach it slowly until it touches the turned back of the stone, say 4 to 6 inches in from the band or skirt. It will of course mark the side which runs high. The principle or real cause of this side of the stone running high is that the center of gravity or weight on this side is too low, (below the cock-head and point of suspension,) while the center of weight on the side that runs low is too high and above the center. To change this so as to bring the center of weight of each side respectively on the same level, is what we must accomplish.
As we know which side of the stone was high, now take, say two to six pounds, as the case may require, of iron, broken into small pieces, or shot, and take one-half of the amount and put into the inside box screwed to the top of the box on the side that runs high, and the other half in the box or boxes opposite, and lowered by the screw into the bottom of the balance box. Then test the stone and make a new mark, add weight carefully until the face runs true up to the full grinding speed. Be careful to divide the weight, as it may be added, so as not to disturb the standing balance.
Standing balance is simply an equal weight on all sides.
Running balance is having the center of gravity just as far from the face on one side as the other.
Irregular motion, and no matter how fast, will not affect the runner when balanced as we have explained.
If this important item is properly attended to, as well as keeping the stones in good flouring face, there will be less killing of the life of flour, and allowing middlings and unclean bran to escape. The value of the flour, both as regards nourishment and health, depends on the amount of nutritious, aromatic and saccharine properties retained in the flour which the wheat contains.
This result depends upon the flouring process the meal has been subjected to between the stones. On the amount of these properties in the flour also depend the weight and sweetness of the loaf when baked; likewise its light and white qualities when used for any purpose.
BOLTING CLOTHS.
There is a great deal said and published by those who furnish cloths, concerning the merits of the brand of cloth they sell, and demerits of others, so that millers are at a loss where to buy, when there is so much difference of opinion. When bolting cloth is wanted, all we can ask is to address us for samples to examine. If the cloth is ordered at once, and you want privilege of examining at express office before paying for same, please state it in the order. In the examination of Bolting Cloths parties are often led astray; some brands of the French and Swiss appear even, smooth and heavy; they are well sized with a kind of gum and sugar of lead, but when used awhile their bad qualities are betrayed by the uneven and fuzzy appearance.
The cloth kept in stock and for sale by us is the brand of “Dufour & Co.’s Old Dutch Anchor,” acknowledged by the most experienced mill-wrights and millers to be THE BEST. We have it imported direct by the only importer of this kind of cloth in the United States, and get it as low as any of our competitors. We have tested this cloth, not alone by long use, but by thoroughly washing and rubbing out all the sizing from a piece of this, as well as the other brands, and comparing carefully the weights and texture of each before and after the process. As the result we have found more silk in the Dufour Cloth than any other brand, as well as more firmly locked thread and even texture. We make cloths up in large quantities; have at times ten to fifteen on the way. We require the length of the reel, number of ribs, measurement around the reel, and distance from center to center of ribs, to enable us to make a good fit.
UNDER RUNNER PULLEY MILLS.
The above engraving shows our Portable Under Runner Mill, as improved. For grinding wheat, corn, feed, or flouring middlings, they are inferior to none. The runner is balanced upon a steel point or cock-head, projecting into a steel seat. Argument is no longer necessary to prove to intelligent millers the advantages of a cock-head mill over those having the runner stone secured rigid to the spindle. The driving irons in this mill are those shown under head of “Self-tramming Mill Irons.” No mill is perfect without them; with them they are more desirable for wheat grinding than any other under-runner mill.
The bed stone is stationary in the upper part of the husk frame, and is turned over on heavy hinges when necessary to sharpen the burrs. Four stiff rubber springs around bolts, are provided above the bed stone-frame, holding it down while grinding, for the important duty of allowing said bed-stone to yield up in case any hard substance enters between the stones. In this way we prevent the liability of breakage, and overcome the very popular objection to all other mills having the under stone to run. In addition we provide a metallic bush arranged to oil collar of spindle while mill is running. The curb is made of pine staves, and banded with neat iron bands. We furnish either damsel or silent feed as desired. The runner has a cast iron back to prevent any inclination to wear out of balance. The husk is made of hard wood and very strong. Many other points of excellence could be mentioned. The improvements are protected by Letters-Patent.
| Diameter of Stones. | Diameter of Pulley. | Width of belt to drive. | Revolutions per minute. |
| 26 inches. | 18 inch. | 7 inch. | 440 |
| 30 inches. | 20 inch. | 8 inch. | 400 |
| 36 inches. | 24 inch. | 10 inch. | 330 |
GEARED MILLS.
OUR UNDER RUNNER GEARED MILLS
Are substantially the same as set forth on page 14, excepting they are provided with heavy gearing, horizontal shaft, pulley and boxing lined with anti-friction metal. The gear is faced off in a lathe before the cogs are put in, the pulley is turned and balanced, all being fitted up in the best manner from new patterns, strong and in good proportion. We have the best and smoothest running geared mill in the market.
UPPER RUNNER PULLEY MILLS.
This cut represents our Portable Upper Runner Mill. The heavy runner in addition to being built in balance is provided with five improved standing and running balance weights, adjustable with screws. (See under head of “Standing and Running Balance.”) This mill has the self-tramming irons set forth under its proper head; improved silent feed rig; wrought iron spindle with steel ends; steel cock-eye in runner stone; a tram step to tram by means of screws; the oil fountain bush and followers; pine stave curb or hoop banded with iron under walnut finish; stones faced and furrowed, of a good selection of French burr, of sharp even quality, and other additions and advantages not necessary to mention, all made complete with pulley as shown in the cut, or gear as shown on page 16, and secured in a strong ash husk frame. The step-irons used in this mill admit of our using a much longer spindle without making top of mill higher than usual. The principal improvements on this mill have been secured to us by two distinct Letters-Patent.
| Diameter of Stones. | Diameter of Pulley. | Width of belt to drive. | Revolutions per minute. |
| 30 inch. | 20 inch. | 8 inch. | 360 |
| 36 inch. | 24 inch. | 8 inch. | 300 |
| 42 inch. | 30 inch. | 10 inch. | 240 |
ALL OUR PULLEY MILLS
Are furnished with our improved low down Set Screw Step, giving a spindle one-fifth longer than any other mill with same height of hopper, and constructed in the ordinary manner.
With this step the spindle is trammed by means of set screws, thus making it more readily and accurately adjustable, at the same time avoiding the liability of getting out of tram. This step is so constructed as to avoid changing from its true position or out of tram, when the runner stone is raised or lowered by the lighter screw. The husks of these mills are made of ash timber, strongly bolted together with wrought iron joint bolts. We furnish turned iron pulleys balanced and keyed to the spindle, so they can be raised or lowered at pleasure. The curbs around the runners are of the kind shown and described under head of “Mill Curbs or Hoops.” The feed rig, either our improved silent, or shoe and damsel, as may be wanted by the purchaser, or for the purpose required.
Attaching and Driving.
It will generally be found most desirable to drive our pulley mills from a horizontal shaft and pulleys, with reel belts and tightning pulleys in a movable frame, or quarter-twist belt.
Place the mill upon a solid floor or firm foundation with the bed-stone level; cleat around the posts, and bolt through two of the lower ties; if room is precious a platform can be placed over the belt or belts running from the line-shaft to the mill. This shaft should be from thirteen to fifteen feet from the mill spindle, to give sufficient length of belt.
The center of the mill pulley and driver must not be in line, but as follows: When the reel belt plan is adopted, place the center of the mill pulley four or five inches below the top of the driving pulley that runs from the mill, and the side of the mill pulley that runs towards the driving pulley in line with the center of the driving pulley, then place the idle or tightning pulley in a sliding frame on the under side of the slack belt near the driving pulley, and of the proper height and angle to lead the belt squarely on the mill pulley.
When locating the mill to run by “quarter twist belt,” place thus: Upper or lower side of the driving pulley, which runs towards the mill, should be five or six inches above the center of the burr pulley, and the side of the burr pulley that runs towards the driving pulley must be in a line with its center. In attaching the bolt it will be observed that its position depends somewhat upon how the elevator foot and cooling conveyor are placed. It will be found best in most situations to put the cooling conveyor and elevator foot entirely below the floor. It is a good plan to set the Portable or in fact any kind of a mill on a foundation entirely below and independent from the floor of the house. The reel belt plan of driving from a pulley on a horizontal shaft, even if a large one, will make no edge strain on the belt whatever, and in stopping and starting is of great convenience. We have it shown in a small way in the cut, Fig. 3, under head of “Complete Grinding and Bolting Mills.” Where we furnish the mills, we always, when requested to do so, send draft and plans showing how to set up and arrange all, so that it will be a success, and without additional charge.