GEARED MILLS
Are furnished with wood and iron gearing—wooden cogs in the driving wheel. This does away with the noise and deafening clatter of the ordinary, or all iron geared mills. (See under head of “Gearing,” and “Under Runner Geared Mills.”) These cogs are of wide face, thus having a large bearing surface, and wear but slowly. Where there is one mill the shaft is long enough to receive the pulley and one journal box outside. We often put three run of burrs, two wheat and one corn, upon one continuous shaft. This makes a very compact arrangement. In this case the mills are detached by slipping the pinion or wheel out of gear, on a sleeve provided for the purpose.
SINGLE REEL BOLT.
Lower part of Elevator and Cooling Conveyor not shown.
SINGLE REEL BOLT—Complete, and Dimensions.
(See preceding page.)
Our bolts are so well known that a full description seems superfluous. Their constant use for fourteen years has suggested some marked changes, which together with a brief outline of the bolt itself, we will describe. The object gained is a more efficient bolt for custom work, either for a Portable Mill or any flouring mill however large or small, where a bolt is wanted specially adapted to the demands of custom grinding; at the same time a bolt that can be shipped to any point on a navigable river or railroad in the United States or Territories. We have already sent a number of them into Northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. Also, Texas, Kansas, Georgia, &c., &c. When so ordered they are taken apart and boxed, previously marked how each part belongs, and drafts and description of how to set it up, sent so that one at all skilled can put it up in the mill and have it ready to run in two to three days time. For those residing within a few hundred miles of our works, we mostly send on open cars or boat, well protected by paint and varnish, and out of the great number shipped within ten years past, have not had a single one at all damaged that we know of. They are made in large quantities, the parts being duplicated and cut out from patterns, and by machinery adapted to the purpose. The lumber contained in them is thoroughly seasoned, and selected of the best quality. The parts usually sent with them unless otherwise ordered are:
1st. All the gearing and shafts required, with supporting frame and bearings for the elevator head, spout, gear and shafts.
2d. Extra heavy cloth of Dufour & Co.’s Dutch Anchor brand made up to fit the reel, with strips of ticking to come in contact with the ribs of reel, and proper arrangement of numbers to make flour that will bear inspection. This is generally sent by express in a separate package.
3d. The elevator complete, as follows: forty feet of 4½-inch leather or gum belt, thirty 4-inch heavy tin, iron banded, cups, with improved copper clasp fastenings, head and foot with turned pulleys in them, including an outside pair of bevel or spur wheels or turned pulley to receive power. (See cut of elevator head and foot under head of “Elevator, Cups and Fastenings.”)
4th. A cooling conveyor geared by suitable wheels to the shaft in foot of the elevator, so that it can be located in any direction to suit the situation. To fill some special orders we have put the cooling conveyor on top of the chest; in most cases it is best to have it below. The frame work of the bolt is made of hard wood and well bolted. Conveyor for flour and one for returns full length of bolt; conveyor flights are of hard wood; cut offs are provided so that one-fourth, all or any degree of the flouring cloth may be used for fine flour, at the option of the miller.
TABLE OF DIMENSIONS.
| Length of Reel. | Extreme Length. |
| For 26 and 30 inch mill 16 feet. | 18½ feet. |
| For 30 and 36 ““ 18 “ | 20½ “ |
| For 36 and 42 ““ 20 “ | 22½ “ |
| For 42 and 48 ““ 22 “ | 24½ “ |
They are 3 feet 6 inches wide and 6 feet 2 inches high to top of elevator.
PORTABLE MILL AND BOLT.
In our portable Mill and Bolt we have condensed all the advantages required of a custom mill in making a prime article of flour and much better suited for the purpose. We have not been sparing in the material necessary to make every part strong and durable, and they will bear to be continually used with a strong power without any part yielding in the least. The bolts are arranged for making all the cut-offs for changing the grade of the flour, thus using more or less bolting surface, or making more or less returns, as may be found necessary. It makes a quick and even discharge of flour from the flour spout, there are no hoppers or anything for the clogging of flour, and every customer gets his own flour from his own wheat. This is of great advantage, and if not pretty fully accomplished creates dissatisfaction with customers. The Bolts in connection with our Mills are of ample capacity when the grain is in proper condition to make good flour. They are made much larger and in more roomy chest than ever before. They are supplied with our improved percussion apparatus. This has now been in use in its present style for over ten years, with perfect success. It is composed of three sets of hinged arms, or knockers, three in each set, secured to every alternate rib of the reel inside, gently tapping the ribs on the downward or empty side of the reel, thus not forcing the flour through the cloth, but dusting out and unclogging it. These can be stopped or started by the miller at any time while the Bolt is in operation—either one set, two, or all, as circumstances may require. These, every practical miller knows, after having used them, to be indispensable to counteract the extremes of damp and dry, or cold and exceedingly warm weather. Some millers utterly condemn the use of knockers on bolts, and, in reference to those commonly in use, we will agree with them in this. The difficulty lies in the fact that commonly they are so arranged that the miller is obliged to use them at all times. In free bolting weather, he not only wants to stop the percussion apparatus, but also to have all the safeguards against too free bolting at his command. With this apparatus and proper grinding no clogging of the Bolt will ever be noticed. By the use of this apparatus we are enabled to use finer cloth than without it, and at all times bolt even and obtain better yields. This tried and valuable improvement has been secured by Letters-Patent.
These Mills and Bolts, or either of them separately are constantly being attached to old and new mills, warehouses and places where steam and water power can be had or used. We use on these Bolts Dufour & Co.’s celebrated Dutch Anchor brand of Bolting Cloth made up in best manner with 2½ inch strips of heavy ticking to come in contact with the ribs of reel.
Some parties erroneously entertain the idea that a portable mill is a temporary affair. They obtain this idea from the word portable. This word, applied to a mill, means only that the machinery is built in such a manner at the factory as to permit of its being shipped the same as any other machinery. Our portable mill has all the qualities for doing good work, and all the durability, that any old style mill has. It further has the advantage of enabling a man to put up his mill without near so much delay and expense as is required in the old style. In every instance where a portable mill has failed to do its work properly or to be durable, it has not been because it was a portable mill, but because it was not constructed on good well-tried principles, or of good material, or the fault may have been because it was not set up as it should be, or had not been properly managed after it was set up.
Our Mills and Bolts are fitted up and put together ready to run, before shipment, then properly arranged for shipping, and delivered on board the cars at the proper depot here, and a through rate of freight contracted in the shipping receipt.
COMPLETE PORTABLE GRINDING AND BOLTING FLOURING MILLS.
The cuts, Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, are intended to show the different arrangements in buildings and are made by us of the following sizes of stones: 30, 36 and 42 inches diameter of upper-runners, and 26, 30 and 36 inch of the under-runner kind, with the bolts described fully elsewhere, of ample capacity and to meet the special demands of a custom mill, capable of making flour that will bear inspection in any market, at the same time good yields, and are as economical in the use of power as any mill in the United States. Drawings and directions to set up sent with each mill when ordered. It betters the arrangement to place the husk frame 20 inches below the floor; the discharge spout and hoppers all come at a convenient height for the miller to see into the hopper and operate the mill without stooping. In Figs. 1 and 3 they are shown thus. We advise making a platform in the rear of the mills over the belts. The stones and bolt-chest can be placed on same floor, as Fig. 1, or the bolt above as the situation requires. They will grind and bolt from six to fifteen bushels per hour according to size, and can be put in operation in a short time, and are no more liable to get out of repair than the best mill in use.
Those having their power all ready, should give us the dimensions of it and kind, to enable us to give correct information as to size of mill best adapted to it, &c., &c.
Fig. 1.
The above shows our Portable Mills, arranged in one story house and driven by Reel Belts and Tightening Rigging to Shift Belts. For Ground Plan, See Fig. 4.
Fig. 2.
Portable Mills driven by quarter twist Belts without the tightening rigging. For Ground Plan, See Fig. 4.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
This Ground Plan view applies to Figs. 1, 2 and 3. Line Shaft, S S, Bolt at B, &c., is located above. Foundation Timbers, D D and Cooling Conveyor, E, is under lower floor.
Fig. 5.
This engraving represents two geared Mills with their attendant machinery as arranged in the Mill Building, Warehouse, or any house suitable. The application of the Power to be by belt from Engine or Water Power to the Large Pulley between two Mills.
Fig. 6.
WATER MILL,
Driven by Belts under high head, with Wheel in Iron Casing.
Fig. 7.
COMBINED
MILL HUSK.
[See Page 31.]
COMBINED MILL HUSK.
In cases where there is or can be a basement under the grinding floor, we advise lengthening out the husk posts sufficiently to throw the gearing or belts entirely below the floor. When this is done the husks of the two or more run of burrs are combined into one, making it very solid. This style of mill, where there is room under the grinding floor for it, is the best arrangement possible.
A husk of this kind has all the firmness and solidity of the usual style of frame husk, and yet it is not so bulky and cumbersome. Heavy joint bolts being used entirely, instead of pins, it can readily be tightened up, should any part become slack. These joint bolts bring the timbers harder and more firmly against the shoulders than it is possible for pins or keys; hence its exceeding firmness. Mills put up by us in this style cost the purchaser less money than it is possible for him to buy the burrs, spindles, steps, lighter screws, steps, feed rigging, etc., complete, and then get his timber, hire hands, and build it himself. After he finishes his husk, he will find, in addition to its costing him more than if we should furnish it, he has not nearly as neat a husk, nor one that looks like a finished piece of machinery. The entire timbers in our Combined Husks are dressed and varnished. While it is together in our shop, before taking apart for shipment, every piece is so marked as to show plainly its place in putting up when it arrives at the mill. Customers purchasing these husks, etc., complete, avoid the delay in starting their mills that is necessarily connected with this when all is made at the mill. At the mill, everything has to be done at a decided disadvantage over doing it at a shop where there are tools and machinery especially adapted for the work, and hands that are thoroughly accustomed to doing it.
This style of Mill, with pulleys on the spindles, driven from an upright shaft by belts with tightening pulleys on the slack side, makes the most convenient, and at the same time, as durable and efficient a mill as can be built. With this arrangement, any burr or burrs can be stopped or started at pleasure, without disturbing the others. Where any changing of burrs has to be done, as is the case in custom mills, this is an important item, both for convenience and economy. It saves the time that would be lost in stopping the entire machinery of the mill, shifting the gearing, and again starting, which will always amount to several minutes, by the time the burrs are again properly grinding. And, further, belts do away with all liability to that jar and chatter that always more or less accompanies gearing not kept in proper condition in every respect, which is very seldom done. The belt gives to the burr a very even, steady motion. Our experience is that these belt mills are as easily and more accurately kept in tram than geared mills with any kind of gearing. This method of driving burrs is not only desirable for custom mills, but is also well adapted for merchant mills. We think no better or more satisfactory arrangement for driving either custom or merchant burrs than this, is in use, and we have had experience with all methods. We have over one hundred of this style of mills running, driven by belts in this manner, and they are giving the most entire satisfaction. Most of them are run by parties that have used various other methods of driving their burrs. These all give this style a most decided preference over any other method of driving. The cost is about the same as gearing. We can now give parties interested, references to mills of this same kind in most any of the middle and western States. Of course we do not advocate this plan of driving burrs, nor this style of husk for every case. There are a great many places where there is not the necessary basement room, and parties do not wish to go to any more expense than the usual short husk portable mill, and some situations would require a geared mill all rigged and fitted up in the best manner.
In the engraving, Fig. 7, is shown one of these husks with two upper and one under runner mill; the frame is not shown as heavy as we use for 42 inch and 4 feet stones; one of the lower belts is shown, the others in dotted lines. The shelving for supporting the belt when the tightening pulley is thrown back is not shown. Our adjustable tightening frame and hinge is of superior advantage in stopping and starting either one or all the burrs. They are operated by hand wheels from above in a very simple and easy manner not shown in the cut. The precise slant and position of this movable pulley is regulated by an improved hinge having but three castings, a wrought iron rod, and three screw bolts, one of them provided with two hexagon nuts to regulate the position in one direction, while the plate to which the frame is hinged allow it to be adjusted in another required direction. By keeping the pulley in the proper position the belt raises from the shelving and touches nothing but the pulleys when in motion. The excellence of this combined mill arrangement, with the new features, is considered of great advantage, and is highly commended by all of those using them.
DOUBLE REEL BOLT.
Lower part of Elevator and Cooling Conveyor not shown; doors opening to the reels on the opposite side of chest.
DOUBLE REEL BOLT.
Where more bolting surface is required than there is in a single reel bolt, we build them with two reels, in portable chests, and embodying all the advantages and improvements of our single reel portable bolts. We furnish with them the gearing, elevator, etc., complete and neatly finished. They are built in sections for convenience in shipping and handling. We build also three and four reel chests to order. We send with these bolts all that is mentioned as being furnished with the single reel bolts, except we send 48 feet of elevator belt and 36 cups. Will state that while we are willing to furnish all the irons belonging to our bolts at fair rates, with draft and specifications showing how to make them, we advise our customers to have the complete bolt made here and shipped with the other supplies of the mill. The mill and all by so doing gives better satisfaction, besides a great saving in expense. We have sent them South into Georgia; North into Northern Minnesota, and West into Western Kansas and Nebraska. For such long distances we recommend to have them taken apart and boxed as referred to under head of “Single Reel Bolt.”
We make them of the following length of reel shafts, 16, 18, 20 and 22 feet; the chest and frame supporting the gearing at head makes each bolt measure 2½ feet longer. They are all about 8 feet 7 inches high to top of elevator.
Grinding and Flouring, and Capacity.
All should know that the most important item in converting wheat into flour, is the Grinding Mill. Grain cannot be properly floured without burrs of good quality, dressed expressly for the purpose. Although a Miller of not much experience may sometimes make a pretty fair article of flour, yet those having the most experience will always find something to learn on this subject. It is best that the skill of an expert Miller be employed to prepare the face and furrows of the burrs and put them in order for grinding. Our mills, when properly dressed and in order, make a quality and yield of flour unsurpassed by any other mill, as the letters from our customers testify. Nevertheless, some of our mills, run and managed by unskillful hands, are making a tolerable article of flour, without much care to dress the burrs and keep in order, and sometimes are run a long time without any dressing. In grinding wheat, the burrs should be adjusted with precision, and should always occupy the attention of the Miller. In grinding grists, some damp and others dry, and of different qualities of wheat, the stones require close attention. The runner should be raised slightly for damp wheat; if not, the burrs are liable to heat the chop, and clog their grinding surfaces. If allowed to run too close on dry wheat, the bran will be cut and the flour made dark. These are common difficulties, but can be avoided by a careful miller who wants to make a fine article of merchantable flour, and good yield. The several qualities of wheat and its conditions, as well as the particular quality of flour required to meet the demand of any particular market, must be observed and understood in order to determine the best mode of grinding.
An Important Item.—Be sure to keep the furrows sufficiently deep, and especially so for corn, and see under heads of “Setting up and Starting” and “Keeping in Order.” Burrs are apt to throw out unground grain if run too slow, when, if the speed is increased, this difficulty is obviated.
Grinding Corn.—The dress is not that required for wheat. For corn, let every part of the surface be sharp, and the furrows cut deep; thus, with a high speed, the meal will not be heated. When the meal is ground hot, the stones are dull or the furrows not deep enough. It requires much more power to grind with dull stones or shallow furrows. Every stroke with a sharp pick makes a great number of sharp cutting edges upon French Burr, which cut easy, like a sharp tool in wood.
Be careful to keep the burrs well balanced and in tram. See observations elsewhere under this head.
In reference to the capacity of our mill we will give our opinions from the practical knowledge and experience we have had with them. Having a number of water and steam mills of our entire make and completion near our works and in our city, some having been built with special reference to having all first-class, our opportunities have been good near at hand for constant improvement. While much depends upon the power and condition of grain, our mills are made of the kind of burr stone, carefully selected, with furrows drafted and shaped in the most approved style, that the greatest attainable results may be accomplished. Under favorable circumstances our three feet mills have ground to make good flour and yields 14 bushels per hour, which, when in moderate condition as to sharpness, would do but 8 or 10 bushels. Our under-runner mills average a greater capacity than the upper-runner kind.
The amount our mills and mill stones will grind to do it well, is as great as that successfully obtained by any mill in existence, and always has been entirely satisfactory, oftentimes astonishing old and experienced millers. On one occasion two of our three feet upper-runner mills with two single reel bolts have made 100 bbls. of merchantable flour in 24 hours. With the larger sizes we could point to proportionally greater results.
Our three and three and a half feet mills are often found grinding faster than the four feet sizes of the old style of mills, at the same time doing as good and better work. These are facts, and the reasons why are simply because the stones are run at a greater speed, while the furrows are shaped to avoid heating, and properly drafted to distribute the grain evenly over the grinding surfaces. Also, much is owing to a good selection of the burr stock of which the stones are made. We conclude this subject by reference to some who have given us their views, carefully expressed in writing, and here published for the benefit of all those interested in milling.
Keeping in Order.
The face of the bed stone must be kept level and the spindle in perfect tram with it. To tram, take off the hoop and runner stone, and if a Pulley Mill, put on the belt the same as when grinding; then place on the spindle a wooden arm with a hole in one end to fit tight on the upper end of spindle, so that it will traverse the face of the bed stone, having before made a small hole through the projecting end to receive a quill or piece of whale-bone to trace the surface of the bed-stone about two inches in from its skirt. On turning the spindle, it can now be readily seen which way the step is to be moved in order to throw the spindle in tram; if it is properly in tram, the quill will traverse the bed-stone evenly around its face. To tram our geared mills, the toe of the spindle must not be moved out of line with the shaft holding the driving gear wheel; the proper way is to tram it in the bush, which is provided with suitable keys. However, when the toe of the spindle or step is required to be moved length-ways of this shaft, no bad results will follow, provided the cogs are all the time in proper depth—even on their back or large end, and not too deep in gear. The spindles of our mills are not apt to get out of tram, but in all mills they should be closely watched and frequently tried in this particular. When the spindle is in perfect tram, and the runner in balance, the burrs will not wear out of face, but the reverse, they will naturally wear in face. The followers should not be forced too hard against the spindle by the wedges in the iron bush, as it will make the spindle heat.
The space under the leather, on top of the bush, should be well supplied with tallow rolled up in a woolen cloth and laid immediately around the spindle. The oil cup in the bush should be supplied with good sperm or lard oil every time the burrs are taken up. Place some candle-wick in this cup, with one end against (not around) the spindle. This keeps the spindle supplied with a continual flow of oil in addition to the tallow. Oil the spindle step with good sperm or lard oil, clean out once a month, and keep out dirt.
In geared mills, pay particular attention to the adjustment of the gear wheels. If they are too deep or not deep enough in gear, they will not run so smoothly and will cut out. As the wooden cogs wear, in time a shoulder will be formed on them by the iron cogs in the pinion. In order to obviate the tremble or rough running that this shoulder would cause, it should be trimmed off from time to time. Grease the cogs with tallow, and see observations on keeping stones in order, under head of “Setting up and Starting.”
We request as a favor of any of those using our machinery, mills, bolts, &c., to inform us if they are not working satisfactorily; in such a case, state plainly as you can in what particular, as we will take pleasure in correcting the defect or giving advice concerning it. Some of our mills and mill stones that have been used constantly for 8 to 12 years may require some changes, such as re-setting the irons, improving the dress, &c., that would make them as good as new; when written to or interviewed on the subject, will state to the best of our ability what should be done.
In Ordering, or when a Correct estimate of Cost is Wanted,
It will be quite a help both to our customers and to ourselves to observe the points mentioned below. A plain statement of the situation and what is wanted, together with a rough sketch will often save much delay and trouble.
1st. Give location of Mill, i. e., its relation to road, railway, and power; where it is most convenient to receive grist work and where merchant grain.
2d. State size of mill house; height of stories from floor to floor; pitch of roof, and which way comb of house runs; which way the joist and timbers of the mill run, and their size.
3d. If there is a basement under the grinding floor, and how high.
4th. If water power is to be used, state size and kind of water wheel and its speed. If a turbine wheel, give height of head, which way wheel runs, and location of mill-house.
5th. If the power has not been improved, state the fall that can be obtained, and give the amount of water in depth and width running over a weir. See “Measurement of Water in a Stream.”
6th. If the power used is steam, give the diameter of cylinder and length of stroke of engine; number of revolutions per minute made by engine; diameter and width of face of band wheel on engine; which way the engine runs—whether top of band wheel runs to or from the mills.
7th. Make a sketch showing the location of engine bed plate and shaft to the mills.
8th. State whether the mills are wanted to run with or against the sun. We build them to run with the sun unless otherwise ordered.
9th. Name the place to which the machinery is to be shipped and, if thought best, by what route. It often happens that we can judge best the way to ship. Also, your name and post office plainly and in full.
We deliver our goods on board cars at the proper depot here, free of charge, and take a contracted through receipt with rate of freight stated in it, and send to the purchaser, thus guarding our customers against over-charges or high rates of freight. For 5 per cent. added to our prices, we will pre-pay freight on one half and full car load lots to Buffalo, Philadelphia, Baltimore, St. Louis, Quincy, Rock Island and Memphis. 3 per cent. will cover it to Chicago, Pittsburgh, Toledo, Louisville and Evansville. On boat or cars at any depot in Cincinnati we will pre-pay freight at 10 cents per 100 lbs., (weights are given on list.) Great care is taken to inclose such parts of our supplies and mills when necessary in strong boxes, iron bound at the corners, so that they can be conveyed safely to any part of the world.
Setting up and Starting.
We have often found it to the advantage of our customers to have one of our own men assist in setting up and starting. Their experience and familiarity with our machinery enables them to expedite the setting up. They are employed on this important part of our work constantly. Our charges for their services are reasonable. In some of the far western States we have skilled mill-wrights for this purpose, thus saving time and expense to the purchaser. From drafts and explanations we send (when requested to do so) with our mill work and mills, mill-wrights can generally succeed in giving good satisfaction.
The burrs of all our mills are faced true and furrowed, but do not have as smooth a grinding or flouring face as is necessary for flouring wheat. A few days work by the miller with pick and rub stone is of great advantage. To do this important work correctly requires one skilled in the use of the red staff, with a good true iron proof staff close at hand. We are sorry to be compelled to say that the millers are few that know how to correctly handle the red staff on the face of a mill stone. It is a difficult matter to explain the manner of doing it without a personal interview and the implements in readiness. However, we are ready to give on this point of great importance all the information we can by sketches and writing.
View of Eureka Smutter.Sectional View.
(See following page.)
This Cut Represents either size Machine driven from the Top when so required.
Some of the Reasons why the Eureka Should be used in preference to any other Smut and Separating Machine now offered for Sale:
1st. The scourer used in the Eureka is constructed of the best imported cast sheet steel, manufactured and rolled expressly for this purpose. The scouring is done on an entire smooth surface, and by direct action on the grain, thoroughly scours and polishes the berry without waste, and at the same time retains its scouring qualities until the scouring case is entirely worn out. As the beaters or fan blades of the revolving scouring cylinders are chilled cast-iron, they will last for years without perceptible wear, and when the steel case is worn out by severe friction of the grain, can be replaced at a small expense. All machines are so strongly and permanently built, and the revolving cylinder so perfectly balanced, that they will, with ordinary care, last for years, with the small additional expense of renewing the scouring case, once in from three to five or eight years, as the case may be.
2d. For its entire reliability in cleaning the worst samples of smutty wheat; the preliminary or first separator is attached to all the No. 0, 1, 2 and 3 Ordinary sizes, which removes smut balls, dust, chaff, chess or cheat, and light and worthless grains, before the wheat goes to the scourer. As the scourer is thoroughly ventilated, supplied by air at the bottom, and discharging the smut and dust loosened from the grain during the process of scouring, through the perforations of the scouring case, and the fan at the same time drawing a strong current of air through the revolving cylinder, there is no possibility of the grain coming in contact with smut and dust during the process of scouring. Most of the so-called close scouring machines that are now being urged upon millers are destitute of this important principle, and hence worthless.
3d. The Eureka, so far as we know, is the only machine that has a perfect shoe attachment, and where the machine is the best known is always invariably ordered. It requires little or no attention, being driven by a belt from main shaft of the machine and a spring pitman; it makes no noise, and with the improved double screen, takes out more headings, straw joints, rat filth, corn and oats, than can possibly be taken out with the rolling screen, while the cockle screen takes out cockle, sand, etc., and we earnestly advise all persons ordering the No. 0, 1 or 2 machines, to order the shoe in all cases. It is now very seldom that we have an order for either of the three sized machines above referred to without the shoe, and in nine cases out of ten when machines are so ordered, the shoe is afterwards ordered, thereby causing extra expense and trouble.
The last reason we shall give is that this is, in all respects, the best wheat cleaning machine in the world; this to millers is an important consideration, and cannot well be overlooked.
In Ordering Smut Machines,
First, decide the size or number of machine wanted, and in deciding this, it will be well to remember that the machines will do all claimed for them. If a machine is wanted to clean twenty-five bushels per hour, a No. 1 machine, run to the motion designed for it, will do it much better than a No. 2, and either size machine run to the motion and fed to the full capacity, will do much better work than if run at a less motion and with a less feed. Some have thought that if a No. 3 machine, for instance, will clean one hundred bushels per hour well, that it will clean sixty bushels better. This is a mistake.