IV.—IRON AGE.

In reviewing the salient features of the Iron Age we have still more complicated problems to deal with. There are, in reality, no lake-dwellings of the early Iron Age in Central Europe, showing a Transition period, as we have seen to have been the case between the Stone and Bronze Ages; nor, indeed, any which can be said to have a continued sequence to the great system of pile-dwellings which prevailed so extensively in earlier times. No doubt iron shows itself in a few objects characteristic of the Bronze Age, such as a few swords and bracelets encrusted with ornamental bands of this material, but there are no tools or weapons made of iron at all analogous to those which characterise the Bronze Age. No Transition period such as we find in the relics from the graves at Hallstadt, where iron is seen, as it were, competing with bronze. On the contrary, in the Swiss lake-dwellings iron-working appears in a state of great perfection. The few objects found on their sites are mostly of the La Tène type, which we have seen to be entirely different in character, manufacture, and style of ornamentation, from anything known in the previous ages. In some stations we find not only La Tène types, but Roman tiles, pottery, and coins, and even objects of a still later period, such as Gallo-Roman, Allemanisch, and Merovingian remains. Thus, at Starnberg, we have of iron, two spear-heads, a horseshoe, and a remarkable kind of knife ([Fig. 37], No. 1). In the investigations conducted during the winter of 1864-5 in the Überlingersee, Dr. Lachmann records the following iron objects from the bronze station of Unter-Uhldingen:—one lance-head, five arrow-points, one axe, two chisels, 12 knife-blades, two sickle-like objects, one dagger-knife, one ring, one triangular plate with attached ring, one fibula, one pin, part of a two-edged sword, a short sword with a wooden handle, a fork, a stamp, a pair of pincers, etc.—in all 40 objects. Also at Sipplingen there were three arrow-heads, two sickles, one lance-head, a one-edged sword, and a Roman key. In the Museum at Friedrichshafen are several objects of iron taken from Uhldingen, viz. two knives like pruning-hooks (hippen), a hammer-hatchet, a fibula (La Tène) 9 inches long, two harpoons, several arrow-heads, six horseshoes, one dagger, and a girdle-hook. Still more interesting are fragments of fine glass found on both these stations, as well as at the Rauenegg in the Bay of Constance. One bit of this glass, of a grey greenish colour, had been ornamented with gold enamel. According to the opinion of Mr. Hofrath Klemm, of Dresden, this glass belongs to the sixth or seventh century. (B. 378.)

In Lake Zürich on the station of Grosser Hafner were found an iron spear-head like those from La Tène, Roman tiles, and pottery of the kind known as terra sigillata, and coins of the time of Augustus, Tiberias, and Vespasian, etc., thus bringing the station down to the end of the first century of the Christian era. From Nidau and Sutz there are some curious iron spear-heads, and from Chevroux a three-pronged harpoon identical with analogous objects from La Tène ([Fig. 13], No. 15). Moeringen has yielded an iron horse-bit, an iron sword (La Tène), a curious iron fork, etc. On the south side of St. Peter's Island, in the Lake of Bienne, Colonel Schwab found among some piles objects of the stone, bronze, and Gallo-Roman periods, together with 40 Roman coins. From the same place there is in the Berne Museum an iron hatchet with a wooden handle of the La Tène type ([Fig. 197]). On several stations in Lake Neuchâtel similar objects have occasionally turned up. In Lake Morat iron objects and Roman remains were found at Greing, Faoug, Guevaux, and Motier. Also a knife, the blade of which was partly of iron and partly of bronze ([Fig. 14], No. 1).

Fig. 197.—Iron Axe with portion of Wooden Handle (1⁄3).

Iron objects have also been occasionally found on a few stations in the Lake of Geneva, as at Plongeon and Morges; from the latter of which Dr. Forel records a number of sickles of various forms, some of which were like those of La Tène. In Lake Bourget a knife with a bronze handle and an iron blade (International Congress, Paris, p. 266), and a piece of pottery with the name Severinus stamped on it. (B. 176, p. 24.) In the Museum of Chambery there is a large spear-head of iron encrusted with broad lines of copper or bronze from this lake ([Fig. 198]) which is very similar to one found near the Pont de la Thiele.

Fig. 198.—Iron Spear ornamented with Bronze (about 1⁄3).

But in all these instances the occurrence of iron is so exceptional that only probable deductions can be founded on them. Most of the iron objects have undoubtedly the same origin as those of La Tène. The rare bronze objects with encrusted iron bands, such as a few bracelets (Moeringen, Auvernier, Cortaillod, and Corcelettes), and one or two swords (Moeringen), need not cause surprise when we remember the extent to which commercial intercourse seems to have been carried on by the lake-dwellers with eastern nations; and that both iron and bronze were in use in Greece at least 1,200 years before the Christian era, while in Egypt and Central Asia these metals were known some 1,500 years earlier. Between those objects in which iron is used as an ornament (all of which are of the same style as the bronze objects), and the La Tène weapons, there is a wide gap which is not bridged over by any relics found in the lake-dwellings. In short, the evolutionary stage between the smelting of bronze and the forging of iron is here represented by a corresponding hiatus between the styles of art of the two periods more striking than that which distinguishes the neolithic from palæolithic industrial remains.

So far as I have looked into these matters I can only conclude that, with the introduction of iron into general use in Switzerland, we have a new people who conquered and subjugated the lake-dwellers and gave the death-blow to their system of lake-villages. Henceforth these villages fell into decay, and in the general destruction which ensued these La Tène implements might have been introduced by the invaders. In Roman times there remained only the ruins of a few stations. One thing is clearly established, that the conquerors of the lake-dwellers had a full knowledge of the working of iron in all its phases. The important point here is not the date of the discovery of this metal, but that of its application to the manufacture of all weapons and cutting implements. It is not likely that an art so complicated and requiring so much metallurgical and technical skill as that of the smelting and forging of iron had a sudden origin; and consequently we must look for its birthplace and evolutionary stages elsewhere. The remarkable collection of weapons, implements, and ornaments found at La Tène, to which I specially directed attention in a previous lecture, gives us a striking picture of the metallurgical skill to which their owners had attained prior to any influences from Roman art. So important are these antiquities considered by archæologists that the name La Tène has now become a generic expression, and represents a special group which, both in form and style of ornamentation, cannot be confounded with any other, either Greek, Roman, Etruscan or Phœnician. Who were these new comers into Switzerland who so suddenly intruded themselves on the peaceful lake-dwellers? To this question there is no response from the skulls and other portions of human skeletons found at La Tène. Out of ten skulls submitted to Professor Virchow he found that five were brachycephalic and two dolichocephalic, while the other three had intermediate cranial indices. We must therefore fall back on the character of the antiquities; and for this purpose I place before you some typical examples of this remarkable group ([Fig. 199]) culled from various sources for the purpose of showing their complete identity with those from the oppidum La Tène. Having satisfied ourselves on this point I proceed to glance rapidly over the geographical area in which such objects are found, with the view of showing to what people they belonged.

In the course of making the high-road from Berne to the bridge of Tiefenau in 1849-50 the workmen came upon a large quantity of weapons and implements of iron which, though very much rusted and decayed, can be clearly identified as belonging to the La Tène group. These objects, now preserved in the Museum at Berne, consist of the débris of arms, coats of mail, chariots, bridle-bits, bones of horses, pottery fine and coarse, some thirty pieces of money (massaliotes et celtiques), glass beads, iron and bronze buttons, sickles, knives, hatchets, etc. These objects, which were all mixed together in a miscellaneous manner, some two or three feet below the surface, had no appearance of ordinary burial, and are therefore considered to be the huddled up débris of a battle-field. The objects, so far as they can be made out, are described and figured by Baron de Bonstetten in his "Supplément au Recueil d'Antiquités Suisses, 1860," and "Notice sur les Armes et Chariots de Guerre découverts à Tiefenau, 1851."

Fig. 199.—Objects of La Tène types for comparison. Nos. 1, 7, 8, 12 and 16 = 1⁄4; 2 = 1⁄6; and the rest (including the designs on No. 7) = 1⁄2 real size.

During the excavations for the "Correction des Eaux du Jura," some remarkable discoveries were made, especially while deepening and rectifying the lower Thielle between Nidau and Meyenried. Immediately below the village of Port the débris of a pile-village was encountered, to which I have already alluded. Above this village the dredgers came in contact with a row of piles which Dr. v. Fellenberg concluded to have been the supports of a bridge. These piles were from 8 to 12 inches thick, and near them were collected over 100 weapons of the La Tène types, including swords, spears, etc. Another locality was a little below Brügg, where traces of two bridges were encountered, one of the Gallo-Roman period and the other supposed to be of later date. Near the former a large collection of antiquities was made, including objects, not only of the La Tène type, but also others of Etruscan and Roman origin. Amongst the La Tène objects collected during these operations are swords and sheaths (one of the latter being of bronze), spear-heads, axes, sickles, etc., which are identical with those figured from La Tène. One of the spear-heads is ornamented with incised lines producing two designs, one on the right side of each surface, as shown in [Fig. 199], No. 7.

In France similar antiquities have been collected on the Helvetico-Romano battle-fields, such as Alise St. Renne (Alesia of Cæsar), and Mont Beuvray (Bibracte), as well as in some graves in northern France, particularly in the valleys of the Marne and the Aube. Some of these graves were evidently the final resting place of Gaulish chiefs, and contained in addition to the body a complete suite of military equipments. For comparison I have given here some illustrations of these discoveries. No. 1 represents the famous bronze helmet known as the Casque de Berru, described by Bertrand, which is particularly interesting on account of the ornamental designs which it displays.[146] No. 2 is a similar helmet ornamented with a kind of fretwork, and along with it in the same grave were a great many objects, weapons, ornaments, the bronze mountings of horses' harness, and the débris of a chariot.[147] A few of these are here illustrated, viz. an iron spear (No. 8), a sword and its sheath both of iron (No. 16), two bronze fibulæ (Nos. 10 and 11), a gold bracelet (No. 13), a bronze horse-bit (No. 12), and some specimens of mountings for a chariot (Nos. 14 and 15), and harness (No. 9).

Characteristic finds of this period have also been found in Savoy, the Alpine Passes, and North Italy. In the Museums of Bologna, Este, Milan, Turin, etc., are deposited the contents of numerous warrior-graves, which show unmistakable examples of the characteristic swords and scabbards and other objects of La Tène civilisation. Its central home, however, appears to have been the middle and upper Rhine districts, Baden, Bavaria, and eastwards to Bohemia and Laibach. Northwards sporadic examples are found as far as the Baltic.

One of the most important finds of this character in Europe was discovered, investigated, and described some ten years ago.[148] Near the village Stradonic in Bohemia there is a truncated eminence known under the name "der Berg Hradischt," which, owing to the precipitous nature of its slopes, is only accessible on one side. By nature this rocky eminence is admirably adapted for a military camping place, and that it was occupied in such a capacity in prehistoric times is evident from the mass of industrial remains of all ages found at various depths on its summit. Among these, however, by far the largest number were of the La Tène type, including a large quantity of money precisely similar to that found on La Tène. Gold pieces were particularly numerous, some 200 being found in one place. Others were of silver and potin, some imitating the coins of Philip of Macedon, and others bearing impressions of the fantastic horse with the long tail and horn ([Fig. 92], Nos. 5 to 8). Roman coins were also present, but very sparingly. Among industrial and ornamental remains were fragments of glass bracelets of a yellow, blue, or red colour (Nos. 3 and 4), pincers, torques, grotesque figures of animal heads, iron axes, bridle-bits, etc. Upwards of 100 dice pieces of bone (Nos. 17 and 18). The characteristic fibulæ were of iron and bronze, the former, however, predominating. I have here placed side by side two bronze fibulæ precisely alike except in dimensions, one (No. 5) being from La Tène and the other (No. 6) from Hradischt. The former is after Vouga (B. 428, Pl. xvi. 17), who describes it as of the Hallstadt type, and probably of an older date than the ordinary La Tène objects. The presence of two objects so similar in style and ornamentation in such distant localities not only proves that they are forms of fibulæ then prevalent, but also becomes a striking confirmation of the contemporaneity of oppidum La Tène and the occupation of the camp on Hradischt. That they were the same people who occupied both places there can be little doubt.

The repeated incursions of the Gauls into North Italy, prior to its conquest by the Romans, so often referred to in classical writers, have been strikingly confirmed by recent archæological researches. In the cemeteries of Benacci, Villanova, and Marzabotto, in the vicinity of Bologna, the Gallic element has been for some time recognised by many of the most competent archæologists. During the excavations at Benacci three series of graves were observed, at different depths, the contents of which clearly prove that they were the cemeteries of different races. The first, or uppermost, were burials of the Roman period. Underneath them was a group of twelve graves which, from the long iron swords and characteristic fibulæ found along with the bodies, are now universally accepted as Celtic or Gaulish. Below these, again, was a third group which in every respect corresponded with the Etruscan cemetery of Villanova.[149] Helbig assigns the date of the Celtic graves at Marzabotto to the end of the fifth or beginning of the fourth century B.C. (B. 335, p. 35.)

In 1878 Castelfranco investigated a cemetery at Soldo, in the Brianza district, in which, among other things, he found the following relics:—A bronze fibula and an iron knife, precisely similar to those here figured from the Starnberg lake-dwelling ([Fig. 36], No. 22, and [Fig. 37], No. 1); an iron shears like those from La Tène: a Celtic silver coin; a vase with the word VITILIOS scratched on it in rude graffiti, which Fabretti ascribes to a Celtic source ("La direi celtica per la desinenza, come pure per la forma del T"). See B. 343, pp. 6 to 28, and Pl. i.

More recently (1886) the same author described several groups of cemeteries scattered over Lombardy, particularly on the left side of the Po, in which he found characteristic examples of the La Tène civilisation—swords, spears, knives, fibulæ, saws, shears, nodulated rings, etc.[150]

During the earlier discoveries of objects of this peculiar phase of art there was considerable diversity of opinion as to the people and period to which they should be referred. The Tiefenau "find" was assigned by Mr. Albert Jahn to the old Helvetians ("Canton Bern"), while Baron de Bonstetten referred it to the German races who invaded Helvetia in the fourth century. M. Veschère de Reffye, in describing the discoveries at the ancient fortress of Alesia, assigned the weapons found in the trenches, which turned out to be of the same character as those of La Tène, to the Helvetians.[151] Acting on this suggestion, Desor expressed the opinion that the La Tène iron weapons and other implements were introduced into Switzerland by the Helvetians, who hailed from Germany, and entered the country as conquerors. Dr. Keller, apparently prejudiced by his preconceived notion that the lake-dwellings of the Stone and Bronze Ages were due to the Celts, had a difficulty in believing that the advanced civilisation of La Tène was a direct evolutionary product of the Bronze Age; but yet he would not agree with the opinion that these civilisations indicated different races.

But perhaps the most important contribution to the subject was by Mr. Franks,[152] who demonstrated by an analysis of the style of ornamentation, together with an array of historical references bearing on the customs of the ancient Celtic races, that to them alone must be assigned the remarkable remains now in question. The few additional notices of later discoveries here introduced only strengthen this opinion. In my investigations of the British lake-dwellings, almost the only instance in which analogous remains have come to light is the "find" at Lisnacroghera; but the prevalence of such antiquities in Britain from about the second century B.C. till the introduction of Christianity, when the spiral and trumpet-shaped ornamentation became modified, and to a considerable extent superseded, by the addition of interlacements, has been so fully established by Mr. Franks that on this point nothing remains to be said.

From these remarks you see that we are among the class of antiquities (described and illustrated in "Horæ Ferales") to which Mr. Franks has given the name "Late Celtic." The owners of these La Tène weapons in Switzerland were the Helvetians, of Roman celebrity, who, according to Cæsar, were a branch of the great Celtic family who so long dominated over the rest of the Aryan races, and whose civilisation is only now in its death struggle in the outlying districts of Western Europe. Who these Celts were is a question which still puzzles historians, philologists, and archæologists. The term "Late Celtic" is sufficiently clear, and, as we have seen, accurately defines a most remarkable group of antiquities; but it necessarily involves a counterpart, viz. an "Early Celtic" period, in regard to which no archæologist has offered any opinion beyond mere conjecture. Before my rambles among the ruins and relics of the lacustrine villages I had no reason to doubt the correctness of the opinion advanced and promulgated by the late Dr. Keller, viz. that the early lake-dwellers belonged to the Celtic race. I do not think that archæology supports this opinion. If the "Late Celtic" relics correctly represent the Celts of that period they must have been a large-bodied race, wielding great swords with massive grips, totally out of keeping with the small-handed weapons of the Bronze Age as found on the sites of the lake-dwellings. The few indications derived from the data supplied by lake-dwelling research suggest the idea that the evolution of the Celts in Europe coincides with the substitution of iron for bronze in the manufacture of the more important cutting implements and weapons, and that the earlier stages of this transition are to be found considerably to the east of the Rhine districts—as, for example, at Hallstadt.

In hazarding an opinion as to the original founders of the lake-dwellings in Central Europe I would say that they were part of the first neolithic immigrants who entered the country by the regions surrounding the Black Sea and the shore of the Mediterranean, and spread westwards along the Danube and its tributaries till they reached the great central lakes. Here they founded that remarkable system of lake-villages whose ruins and relics are now being disinterred as it were from another or forgotten world. Those following the Drave and the Save entered Styria, where they established their settlements on what was then a great lake at Laibach. From this they crossed the mountains to the Po valley, where they founded not only the pile-villages, but subsequently the terremare. The Danubian wanderers having reached the upper sources of the Danube, crossed the uplands by way of Schussenried, and arrived on the shores of Lake Constance, from which they quickly spread over the low-lying districts of Switzerland. From Lake Neuchâtel, still continuing a westward course, they reached the Rhone valley by way of Morges, where they erected one of their earliest and largest settlements. From the Lake of Geneva they had easy access to the lakes of Annecy and Bourget.

It is worthy of note that almost the only historical notices of the habit of constructing lake-dwellings which have come down to us refer to districts along this supposed route. The following quotation from Herodotus (v. 16) gives a vivid description of a lake-village which flourished some 500 years before Christ. The Lake Prasias here referred to is situated in the south of Roumelia, not far from the mouth of the river Strymon, and the rather remarkable fact which is here recorded shows that its lake-dwellers were so powerful as to successfully defy the resources of a Persian army.

"They, on the other hand, who dwelt about Mount Pangæum and in the country of the Doberes, the Agrianians and the Odomantians, and they likewise who inhabited Lake Prasias, were not conquered by Megabazus. He sought, indeed, to subdue the dwellers upon the lake, but could not effect his purpose. Their manner of living is the following:—Platforms supported upon tall piles stand in the middle of the lake, which are approached from the land by a single narrow bridge. At the first the piles which bear up the platforms were fixed in their places by the whole body of the citizens; but since that time the custom which prevails about fixing them is this: they are brought from a hill called Orbelus, and every man drives in three for each wife that he marries. Now the men have all many wives apiece, and this is the way in which they live. Each has his own hut, wherein he dwells, upon one of the platforms; and each has also a trap door giving access to the lake beneath; and their wont is to tie their baby children by the foot with a string, to save them from rolling into the water. They feed their horses and their other beasts on fish, which abound in the lake to such a degree that a man has only to open his trap-door and to let down a basket by a rope into the water, and then to wait a very short time, when up he draws it quite full of them."

Another reference to lake-dwellings occurs in a passage by Hippocrates ("De Æribus," etc., xxxvii.), and the locality to which the remarks were applied lies to the east of the Black Sea.

"Concerning the people of the Phasis, that region is marshy and hot, and full of water, and woody; and at every season frequent and violent rains fall there. The inhabitants live in the marshes, and have houses of timber and of reeds constructed in the midst of the waters; and they seldom go out to the city or the market, but sail up and down in boats made out of a single tree-trunk, for there are numerous canals in that region. The water they drink is hot and stagnant, putrefied by the sun, and swollen by the rainfall, and the Phasis itself is the most stagnant and quiet-flowing of all rivers."

In the works of recent travellers I find statements corroborating the opinion already published by Dr. Keller (B. 119, 2nd ed., p. 666), that the remains of lake-dwellings have been detected in Asia Minor, more especially in the Caucasus and the region between the Black Sea and the Caspian. As early as 1849 Bayern discovered palafittes in Lake Gok-chai and in Lake Paleostrum, not far from the embouchure of the Rion (Phasis). Mr. Chantre states that on the lowering of Lake Toporovan, near the village of Choucha at the embouchure of the Koura, and in some other lakes on the coast of the Black Sea, indications of their existence have been observed.[153] None of these have, however, been sufficiently explored to be of archæological value.

While the lake-dwellers of Switzerland were quietly living in the peculiar habitations which the hydrographical conditions of the country enabled them to develop so largely, great and progressive changes were going on elsewhere among the neolithic settlers in Europe. Probably other immigrants soon found their way to the far west, and brought with them a knowledge of bronze. As time rolled on, considerable divergences from the primitive civilisation took place, partly the outcome of geographical and climatal conditions, and partly the result of innovations by freer intercourse with the inhabitants of the shores of the Mediterranean. Then were laid gradually the germs of the historical nationalities of Europe. Just at the dawn of history we find the Celts, not in the sunshine of their power, but with faded strength and departed glory, confined to a limited area in Europe. After the collapse of the great lake-villages it is not singular to find that a knowledge of the system remained among the surrounding nationalities which subsequently germinated into activity in various sporadic corners, and produced not only the Scottish and Irish crannogs, but the analogous remains in Friesland, North Germany, Paladru, etc. As the great extinct mammals are known to have lingered in the recesses of mountain ranges and other secluded localities, so the artificial islands or crannogs and other lake-habitations of the Iron Age are but the deteriorated remnants of a doomed system which, like every dying art before final extinction, passed through a stage of decay and degeneration.

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41.— "Mörikofer, J. C. Die Pfahlbauten im Untersee. Thurg. Beit. für Vaterland. Geschichte, bd. i.
42.— "Rütimeyer, L. Die Fauna der Pfahlbauten in der Schweiz. With six plates. Basel.
43.— "Gastaldi, B. Cenni su alcune armi di pietra e di bronzo trovate nell' Imolese, nelle marniere del Modenese e del Parmigiano, e nelle torbiere della Lombardia e del Piemonte. Thirty pages. Atti della S. It. di Sc. Nat., vol. iii.
44.— "Strobel, P. Marniere. The author announces for the first time the existence of piles in the terramara of Castione. Gaz. di Parma, no. 164.
45.—1862Lubbock, J. On the ancient Lake-Habitations in Switzerland. Nat. Hist. Rev.; and Prehistoric Times.
46.— "Newton, A. On the Zoology of Ancient Europe. A paper read before the Cam. Phil. Soc., March 31.
47.— "Rabut, L. Rapport sur les premières recherches dans le lac du Bourget. Soc. Sav. d'Hist, et d'Arch.
48.— "Troyon, F. Fouilles de Concise. Anzeiger, p. 18.
49.— "Deick, J. C. Nachricht über neuendeckte Pfahlbauten am Bodensee. Ibid., p. 15.
50.— "Messikommer, J. Pfahlbauten im Robenhausen bei Wetzikon. Ibid., p. 17.
51.— "Cavedoni, C. Sulle terremare. Atti e Mem. delle R. R. Dep. di St. Pat. per le prov. Modenesi et Parmensi, vol. i.
52.— "Gastaldi, B. Nuovi cenni sugli oggetti di alta antichità trovati nelle torbiere e nelle marniere dell' Italia. Ninety-five pages and six plates. Torino. This work contains the "Prima relazione" of Strobel and Pigorini, and is translated into English by Chambers (No. 91).
53.— "Pigorini, L. Terramara di Casaroldo. Gaz. di Parma, no. 277.
54.— "Strobel, P. Palafitta di Castione. Gaz. di Parma, nos. 234-5.
55.— "Grigor, J. Notice of the Remains of Two Ancient Lake-Dwellings, or Crannoges, in the Loch of the Clans, Nairnshire. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. v.
56.— 1863Lovaine, Lord. On the recent Discovery of Lacustrine Human Habitations in Wigtownshire. Trans. Brit. As. for Advancement of Sc., 1863.
57.— "Harkness, R. On a Crannoge found in Drumkeery Lough, near Bailieborough, County Cavan. Archæologia, vol. xxxix.
58.— "Kinahan, G. H. On Crannoges in Lough Rea. Dublin Quart. Journ. of Sc., vol. iv.; and Proc. R. I. A., vol. viii.
59.— "Morant, G. Note on Articles found in the Crannoges of Monalty and Rahan's Lake. K. A. S., vol. iv., N. S.
60.— "Wilde, W. R. Description of a Crannoge in the county of Cavan. Proc. R. I. A., vol. viii.; also Dub. Quart. J. of Sc., vol. iii.
61.— "Keller, F. Pfahlbauten. Fünfter Bericht. Sixty pages and seventeen plates. Mitt. der Antiq. Ges. Zürich, bd. xiv.
62.— "Pupikofer, J. A. Der Pfahlbau bei Frauenfeld zwischen Niederwyl und Strass. Thur. Beit. für Vater. Geschichte.
63.—"Angelucci, A. Le stazioni lacuali del lago di Varese. Como.
64.— "Canestrini, G. Sulle terremare del Modenese. Il Panaro, no. 285.
65.— "Cornalia, E. Le palafitte e le stazioni del lago di Varese. La Perseveranza, Nov. 20th.
66.— "Pigorini, L. Breve relazione sulle terremare dell' Emilia. La Rivista Cont. It.; also Gaz. di Parma, nos. 246-7.
67.— "Stoppani, Ant. Prima ricerca di abitazioni lacustri nei laghi di Lombardia. Ten pages. Sulle ricerche fatte a spese della Società nelle palafitte del lago di Varese. Atti della S. It. di Sc. Nat., vol. v.
68.— "Strobel, P. Ricerche paleoetnologiche nelle terremare e nelle palafitte del Parmigiano. Gaz. di Parma, no. 182.
69.— " —— Avanzi preromani raccolti nelle terremare e nelle palafitte dell' Emilia illustrati popolarmente. Parma.
70.— 1864Kinahan, G. H.
(a) Notes on Crannoges in Ballinlough.
(b) Notes on a Crannoge in Lough Nahinch. Proc. R. I. A., vol. ix.
71.— "Lovaine, Lord. Lacustrine Settlements in Scotland. Arch, Æliana, vol. vi.
72.— "Desor, E. L'âge du fer dans les constructions lacustres du lac de Neuchâtel. Musée Neuchâtelois.
73.— "Rabut, L. Habitations lacustres de la Savoie. With an album of plates. Mém. de la Soc. Sav. d'Hist. et d'Arch.
74.— "Siebold, V. Pfahlbauten in Bayern. Comptes-rendus de l'Académie de Munich.
75.— "v. Sacken, Ed. Der Pfahlbau im Gardasee. K. Akad. der Wissen. Sitz. der Phil. Hist., classe xlviii.
76.— "Staub, J. Die Pfahlbauten in der Schweizerseen. Zürich.
77.— "Alberti, G. e Martinati, P.P. Di due nuove abitazioni lacustri scoperte nel Benaco. Mem. dell' Acad. d' Agri., Com., ed Arti di Verona, xliii.
78.— "Angelucci, A. Le stazioni lacuali sul lago di Varese. Rassenga men. della Cam. di Com. ed Arti di Varese, no. 10.
79.— "Canestrini, G. Sulle terremare e le palafitte del Modenese. Il Panaro, nos. 108, 121, 142, and 160.
80.— " —— Sopra due teschi umani scavati nelle terremare del Modenese. Arch, per la Zoolog., l'Anat., etc., vol. iii.
81.— "Chierici, G. La Terramara Servirola. Atti e Mem. delle R. R. Dep. di St. Pat. per le prov. Mod. e Parma, vol. ii.
82.— "Cornalia, E. Di una terramara recentemente trovata a Salso-Maggiore. Atti delli S. It. Sc. Nat., vol. vii.
83.— "Lioy, P. Di una stazione lacustre scoperta nel lago di Fimon. Six pages. Ibid.
84.—"Pigorini, L. Abitazioni lacustri di Pavullo di Modena. Gaz. di Parma, no. 135; also in Le Giornale delle Alpi degli Appennini, an. i.
85.— "Ranchet, G. Delle abitazioni lacustri nel lago di Varese. Ras. mens. della Cam. di Com. ed Arti di Varese, no. 12.
86.— "Stoppani, A. Abitazioni lacustri in Lombardia. Politecnico, vol. xxii.
87.— " —— Sulle antiche abitazioni lacustri del lago di Garda. Atti della S. It. Sc. Nat., vol. vi.
88.— "Strobel, P. Avanzi preromani raccolti nelle terremare e palafitte dell' Emilia. Fas. ii. Parma.
89.— "Strobel e Pigorini. Le terremare e le palafitte del Parmense. Seconda relazione. (With map of the terramara stations.) Atti della Soc. It. Sc. Nat., vol. vi.
90.— "Villa, G. B. Notizie sulle torbe della Brianza. Ibid.
91.— 1865Chambers, C. H. Lake-Habitations and prehistoric remains in the Turbaries and Marl-beds of Northern and Central Italy. Translation of Gastaldi's work (No. 52). Anthrop. Soc., London.
92.— "Day, R. Note on antiquities collected at Toome Bridge. Kilk. A. S., vol. v., N. S.
93.— "Fitzpatrick, B.
(a) Note on a Crannoge in Grantstown Lake, Queen's County, Ireland. Ibid.
(b) Note on the Discovery of a Crannoge on the Glebe Island, in the parish of Aghnamullen, County Monaghan. Ibid.
94.— "Stuart, J. Notices of a group of Artificial Islands in the Loch of Dowalton, Wigtownshire, and other artificial islands or "Crannogs" throughout Scotland. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. vi.
95.— "Desor, E. Les Palafittes ou constructions lacustres du lac Neuchâtel. Paris.
96.— "Von Fellenberg. Analysen einiger Nephrite aus den schweizerischen Pfahlbauten. Mitt. der Berner Naturf. Gesell.
97.— "v. Hagenow, F. Pfahlbauten in Neu-Vor-Pommern. Jahr. des v. für Meck. Gesch. und Alter., xxx.
98.— "Hochstetter, F. Bericht über Nachforschungen nach Pfahlbauten in den Seen von Kärnthen und Krain. K. Akad. der Wissen., bd. li.
99.— "Kner, R. Bericht über die Untersuchungen der Seen Oberösterreichs bezüglich etwa vorhandener Pfahlbauten. Ibid., bd. l.
100.— "Lisch, G. C. F. Pfahlbauten in Mecklenburg. Jahr. des v. für Meck. Gesch. und Alter., xxx.
101.—"Unger, F. Bericht über die auf die Möglichkeit des Vorhandenseins von Pfahlbauresten in den ungarischen Seen im Sommer 1864 unternommenen Untersuchungen. K. Akad. der Wissen., bd. li.
102.— "Alberti, G. Di altre abitazioni lacustri scoperte nel Benaco. Gaz. Ufficiale di Venezia, April 20.
103.— "Boni, C. Notizia di alcuni oggetti trovati nelle terremare Modenese. Modena.
104.— "Calegari, M. La terramara di Gorzano. Il Panaro, no. 202.
105.— "Canestrini, G. Oggetti trovati nelle terremare del Modenese illustrati. Twenty-eight pages, with five plates. Arch. per la Zoolog., etc., vol. iv.
106.— "Cavedoni, C. Cenni archeologici intorno alle terremare nostrane. Atti e Mem. delle R. R. Dep. di St. Pat. delle Prov. Mod. e Parm., vol. ii.
107.— "Chierici, G. Una capanna delle terremare nel Reggiano. L'Italia Centrale, nos. 135-6.
108.— "Cornalia, E. Le palafitte e stazioni lacustri del lago di Varese. La Perseveranza.
109.— "De Mortillet, G. Les terramares du Reggianais, passage des époques ante-historiques aux temps historiques. Rev. Arch. de Paris.
110.— "Lioy, P. Le abitazioni lacustri dell' età della pietra nel lago di Fimon. Atti dell' Inst. Veneto di Sc., Let. ed Arti, an. v.
111.— "Pigorini, L. Le terremare e le palafitte del Parmense. La Civiltà Italiana, no. 10.
112.— " ——— Le abitazioni palustri di Fontanellato dell' epoca del ferro. Parma.
113.— " ——— Palafitta sopra terra ed all'ascietto di Castellazzo di Fontanellato. Gaz. di Parma, no. 92.
114.— " ——— Terramara del Castello di Basilicanova. Ibid., no. 233.
115.— " ——— Le abitazioni lacustri di Desenzano. Gaz. di Bergamo, no. 116.
116.— 1866Cuming, H. S. Remarks on Pile Structures at Southwark. Journ. Arch. Association, vol. xxii. p. 446.
117.— "Fox, A. L. (now Pitt-Rivers). A description of certain Piles found near London Wall and Southwark, possibly the remains of Pile-Buildings. Journ. Anthrop. Soc.
118.— "Kinahan, G. H. Notes on a Crannoge in Lough Naneevin. Proc. R. I. A., vol. x. p. 31.
119.— "Lee, J. Ed. The Lake-Dwellings of Switzerland and other parts of Europe, by Dr. F. Keller; translated and arranged, with numerous illustrations. London. (Second ed. greatly enlarged, in 2 vols., 1878.)
120.—"Wilson, Daniel. Notice of a collection of primitive implements of the ancient Swiss Lake-Dwellings from Concise, in Lake Neuchâtel. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. vi.
121.— "Forel, F. Note sur deux anneaux en bronze découvertes dans la station lacustre de Morges en Avril, 1866. Anzeiger, p. 49.
122.— "Vallier, G. La légende de la ville d'Ars, sur les bords du lac de Paladru. Rev. du Lyonnais, tom. ii., 3e série.
123.— "Heer, O. Die Pflanzen der Pfahlbauten. Zürich.
124.— "Hassler, K. D. Die Pfahlbautenfunde des Ueberlingersees. Ulm.
125.— "Kasiski, D. Beschreibung der Pfahlbauten in dem ehemaligen Persanzigsee bei Neu-Stettin. Zeit. der Ges. für Erdkunde zu Berlin, bd. i.; Balt. Studien, vol. xxiii., 1869.
126.— "Keller, F. Pfahlbauten. Sechster Bericht. Eighty-two pages with seventeen plates. Mitt. der Antiq. Ges. Zürich, bd. xv.
127.— "Pallman, R. Die Pfahlbauten und ihre Bewohner. Greifswald.
128.— "Wagner, M. Das Vorkommen von Pfahlbauten im Bayern. Sitz. der K. bayer. Ak. der Wissen. im München; also Arch. für Anthrop., bd. ii.
129.— "Angelucci, A. Le palafitte dell' età della pietra nel lago di Varese. Rev. delle Alpi degli Ap. etc., anno iii.
130.— "Boni, C. Oggetti d'arte di alta antichità recentemente scoperti nelle terremare Modenese. With three plates. An. della Soc. dei Nat. Mod., an. i.
131.— "Canestrini, G. Oggetti delle terremare Modenese illustrati. With three plates. Ibid. Seconda relazione, avanzi organici. Ibid.
132.— "Lioy, P. La stazione lacustre di Fimon. Atti della Soc. It. di Sc. Nat., vol. viii.
133.— "Pigorini, L. Sopra due terremare nella provincia di Parma. Bul. dell' Inst. di Corrisp. Arch.
134.— 1867Mapleton, R. J. Notice of an Artificial Island in Loch Kielziebar. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. vii.
135.— "Morant, G. Crannoge in the Lake of Ballyhoe, about five miles distant from Carrickmacross. Journ. Kilk. Arch. Soc., vol. vi., 2nd S.
136.— "Delfortrie, E. Cité palustre au centre même de la ville de Bordeaux. Ten pages, with five plates. Soc. des Sciences Physiques et Nat. de Bordeaux.
137.— "de Mortillet, G. Les habitations lacustres du lac du Bourget à propos de la Croix. La Rev. Savoisienne.
138.—"Rabut, E. Habitations lacustres de la Savoie. With an Album of plates. Acad. Imp. des Sc., etc., de Savoie.
139.— "Balduhu. Bericht über die Pfahlbauten bei Werder im Kreise Lötzen. Altp. Monat., bd. iv. and v.
140.— "Fischer, H. Ueber die in den Pfahlbauten gefundenen Nephrite und nephritähnlichen Mineralien. Arch. für Anth., bd. i.
141.— "Lindenschmit, L. Studien über die neueste Pfahlbautenliteratur. Ibid.
142.— "Lisch, G. C. F. Pfahlbauten in Mecklenburg. Jahrbuch des v. für Meck. Gesch. und Alter., xxxii.
143.— "Messikommer, J.
(a) Die Form und Grösse der Pfahlbauten. Ausland, no. 9.
(b) Die Gewebe und Geflechte der schweizerischen Pfahlbauten. Ibid., no. 30.
144.— "Canestrini, G. Terramares du Modenais. Matériaux pour l'hist., etc., an. iii. p. 57, and p. 466.
145.— "——— La palafitta di Gorzano. L'Imperiale, no. 154.
146.— "Chierici, G. Terramares et Cabinet de Reggio. Mat. pour l'hist., etc., an. iii. Terremare. Enciclopedia Popolare, Ital. Sup., vol. ii.
147.— "Pigorini, L. Terremare. Enciclopedia Popolare Ital. Sup., vol. ii.
148.— 1868 Benn, Ed. Notices of Crannogs. Journ. R. H. A. A., vol. i., 3rd S.
149.— "Graves, Dr. Notice of a Crannog in Lough Annagh, King's County. Ibid.
150.— "Mapleton, R. J. Description of Stockaded Remains recently discovered at Arisaig, Inverness-shire. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. viii.
151.— "Scott, Lady J. Notes of Wooden Structures discovered in the moss of Whiteburn, on the estate of Spottiswoode, Berwickshire. Ibid.
152.— "Thioly, F. Les habitations lacustres du lac de Genève. Almanack de la Suisse romande.
153.— "Andreas, J. Die Pfahlbauten in Bodensee zwischen Rorschach und Stand. Mitt. Vater. Ges. der hist. Ver. St. Gallen.
154.— "Messikommer, J. Die Nachgrabungen auf der Pfahlbaute Robenhausen im Jahre 1868. Ausland, no. 48.
155.— "Meyer, H. Pfahlbaute bei Zürich. Anzeiger, pp. 103 and 121.
156.— "Przezdiecki, Graf. Pfahlbauten am Czeszewersee bei Golancz, Posen. Arch. für Anth., bd. iii.
157.— "Boni, C. Scoperta di una terramara al Montale. Il Panaro, no. 237.
158.—"Giacometti, V. Relazione intorno ad alcune scoperte ultimamente fatte adiacenze di Mantova. Atti e Mem. della R. Accad. Virgiliana di Sc., Let. ed Arti.
159.— "Marinoni, C. Le abitazioni lacustri e gli avanzi di umana industria in Lombardia. Fifty-one pages and seven plates. Mem. della S. It. di Sc. Nat., vol. iv.
160.— "Paglia, E. Terremare de Bigarello. Matér. pour l'hist., etc., an. iv.
161.— 1869Jones, H. On the Discovery of some supposed Vestiges of a Pile-Dwelling in Barton Mere near Bury St. Edmunds. Quart. Journ. Suffolk Institute of Arch. and Nat. Hist.
162.— "Morant, G. On Wooden Structures in the Bog of Cargaghoge. Journ. R. H. A. A., vol. i., 3rd S.
163.— "Keller, F. Gegenstände aus dem Pfahlbau von Estavayer. Anzeiger, p. 1. Ueber den Einbaum. Ibid., pp. 33 and 69.
164.— "Rückert, E. Die Pfahlbauten und Völkerschichten Osteuropas, besonders der Donaufürstenthümer. Würzburg. (Contains the representation of a supposed Dacian lake-village from Trajan's Column. See also Das Ausland, 1867.)
165.— "Virchow, R. Die Pfahlbauten des nördlichen Deutschlands. Zeit. für Eth., vol. i.
166.— "Chierici, G. Ragguagli di Scavi a Sampolo. L'Italia Centrale, no. 16.
167.— "de Stefani, Stefano. Del bacino torboso al Vallese presso Verona e degli avanzi preistorici che vi si rinvengono. Mem. dell' Ac. di Agr., Com. ed Arti di Verona.
168.— "Gastaldi, B. Iconografia di alcuni oggetti di remota antichità rinvenuti in Italia. Forty-eight pages and ten plates. Mem. della R. Ac. delle Sc. di Torino, 2nd S., vol. xxvi.
169.— "Marinoni, C. Nuova località preistorica dell' epoca del bronzo in Lombardia. Atti della Soc. It. di Sc. Nat., vol. xii.
170.— "Strobel, P. Die Terramare. Tagblatt der 43. Ver. deut. Nat., etc., in Innsbruck.
171.— "Tinelli, C. Palafitte de Mombello près de Laveno. Matériaux, etc., vol. v. p. 76.
171a.— 1870Account of an Expedition undertaken by Lord Deputy Sydney to attack a Crannoge in a Lough near Omagh. Copied by Dr. Caulfield at the Public Record Office, London. Journ. R. H. A. A., 4th S., vol. i.
172.— "Campbell, F. Note on an Artificial Island and Ancient Canoe found in draining a Loch near Tobermory, Mull. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. viii.
173.—"Dumbleton, E. N. On a Crannoge, or Stockaded Island, in Llangorse Lake, near Brecon, Wales. Arch. Camb., 4th S., vol. i. pp. 146 and 192.
174.— "Rosehill, Lord. Exhibition and Description of a Collection of Stone and other Remains from Swiss Lake-Dwellings, etc. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. viii.
175.— "Wakeman, W. F. Remarks on Three hitherto unnoticed Crannoges in Drumgay Lake, near Enniskillen. Two notices. Journ. R. H. A. A., 4th S., vol. i.
176.— "Costa, Le Comte de Beaurégard. Habitations lacustres du lac du Bourget. Paris.
177.— "Desor, E. Des porte-monnaies lacustres de l'âge du bronze. Anzeiger, p. 187.
178.— "Grangier, Prof. Antiquités lacustres près d'Estavayer. Ibid., p. 169.
179.— "Perrin, A. Étude préhistorique sur la Savoie. With Album of plates. Mem. de l'Acad. Imp. de Savoie, 2nd S., vol. xii.
180.— "Hartman, R. Ueber Pfahlbauten, namentlich der Schweiz, sowie über, nach einige andere, die Alterthumskunde betreffende Gegenstände. Zeit. für Eth., vols. ii. iii. and iv.
181.— "Heer, O. Getreidereste, neugefundene aus Pfahlbauten. Anzeiger, p. 161.
182.— "Keller, F. Pfahlbauansiedler an der Mündung der Donau. Ibid., p. 120.
(a) Pfahlbauansiedelung zu Heimenlachen bei Berg, Ct. Thurgau. Ibid., p. 167.
(b) Durchborung der Steinbeile, der Hirschhornwerkzeuge und anderer Geräthe aus den Pfahlbauten. Ibid., p. 139.
183.— "Niederberger, P. M. Pfahlbauten in obern Zürichsee. Ibid., p. 119.
184.— "Boni e Generali. Sulle terremare Modenese. Ninety-eight pages and seven plates. Modena.
185.— "Coppi, F. Relazione di una nuova scoperta della terramara di Gorzano. L'An. della Soc. dei Nat. in Modena, an. v.
186.— "Crespellani, A. Marne Modenesi e monumenti antichi lungo la Via Claudia. Modena.
187.— "Maggi, L. Di un' abitazione lacustre in Valcuvia. Rend. de R. I. Lomb. di Sc., Let. ed Arti, 2nd S., vol. iii.
188.— "Pigorini, L. Le terremare dell' Emilia. Le abitazioni lacustri. Nuova Antologia di Sc., Let. ed Arti.
189.— "Kinahan, G. H. Observations on the exploration of Crannogs. Journ. R. H. A. A., 4th S., vol. i.
190.—1871Smith, A. Descriptive list of Antiquities near Loch Etive, Argyleshire, etc. Proc. S. A. Scot., vols. ix and x.
191.— "Wakeman, W. F. Remarks on the Crannog at Ballydoolough, County Fermanagh. R. H. A. A., 4th S., vol. i.
(a) Observations on some Iron Tools and other Antiquities lately discovered in the Crannog of Cornagall, County Cavan. Ibid.
(b) The Crannogs in Lough Eyes, County Fermanagh. Ibid.
192.— "Wilson, G. Notes on the Crannoges and Lake-Dwellings of Wigtownshire. Proc. S. A. Scot., vols. ix. and x.
193.— "Chantre, E. Les palafittes ou constructions lacustres du lac de Paladru. Grenoble.
194.— "Grangier, Prof. Canot lacustre de Cudrefin. Anzeiger, p. 279.
195.— "Przezdziecki, Le Comte. Restes de l'habitation lacustre la plus orientale qui ait été découverte en Europe jusqu'à présent. Cong. Int. d'Arch. et d'Anth., 5th S., p. 205.
196.— "v. Fellenberg, E. Pfahlbaustationen des Bielersees. Anzeiger, p. 281.
197.— "Keller, F. Bronzenadel aus dem Pfahlbau von Möringen am Bielersee. Ibid., p. 236.
198.— "Meyn, L. Ueber wahrscheinliche Pfahlbauten am Kundensee. Zeit. für Eth. (Sitz., p. 2), bd. iii.
199.— "Raeber, B. Pfahlbau zu Heimenlachen. Anzeiger, p. 286.
200.— "Wurmbrand, Le Comte. Sur les palafittes de la Haute Autriche. Cong. Int. d'Anth. et d'Arch., session v.
201.— "Wurmbrand, Graf. Untersuchung der Pfahlbauten in Salzkannergut, etc.
(a) Ergebnisse der Pfahlbau-Untersuchungen. Erster Bericht. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. i.
202.— "Simony, F. Die Pfahlwerke bei Kammer und Litzelberg im Attersee. Ibid.
203.— "Angelucci, A. Le palafitte del lago di Varese e le armi di pietra del Museo Nazionale d'Artiglieria. Torino.
204.— "Boni, C. Le valve dell' unio nella terramara del Montale. An. della Soc. dei Nat. in Modena, vol. vi.
205.— "Chierici, G. Sur la ville de Marzabotto et la terramara de Castellarano. Cong. Intern. d'Anth. et d'Arch. Préh. Session de Bologna.
206.— "Chierici, G. Le antichità preromane della provincia di Reggio nell' Emilia. Reggio.
207.— "Coppi, F. Monografia ed iconografia della terra-cimiteriale o terramara di Gorzano, ossia monumenti di pura archeologia. With thirty-four plates. Modena.
208.—"Crespellani, A. Appendice alle Marne Modenesi. Modena.
209.— "Marinoni, C. Nuovi avanzi preistorici raccolti in Lombardia. Mem. della Soc. It. di Sc. Nat., vol. iv.
210.— "Pigorini, L. Terramara di San Prospero e Coloreto. Gaz. di Parma, nos. 41 and 290.
211.— "Ranchet, G. Oggetti di antichità del lago di Varese. La Cronaca Varesina, an. vi., no. 48; an. ix., no. 14.
212.— 1872Dalrymple, C. E. Notes of the Examination of a Crannog in the Black Loch, anciently called "Loch Inch-Cryndil," Wigtownshire. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. ix.
213.— "Darbishire, R. D. Notes on Discoveries in Ehenside Tarn, Cumberland. Archæologia, vol. xliv.
214.— "Kinahan, G. H. Lake Stone-dwellings in Connaught. Journ. R. H. A. A., 4th S., vol. ii. p. 11.
215.— "Patterson, W. H. Notice of a Silver Brooch found at the Crannoge in the Bog of Aghaloughan, near Randalstown. Ibid., p. 74.
216.— "Stuart, J. Note of recent Excavations at St. Margaret's Inch, in the Loch of Forfar. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. x.
217.— "Wakeman, W. F. Observations on the Principal Crannoges of Fermanagh, with Illustrations. Journ. R. H. A. A., 4th S., vol. ii.
218.— "Gross, V. Les habitations lacustres du lac de Bienne. Forty-six pages, with eight plates. Delemont.
(a) La station de l'âge de la pierre de Locras, lac de Bienne. Anzeiger, p. 334.
(b) Un mors de cheval en bronze, trouvé à Möringen. Ibid., p. 358.
219.— "Le Mire, J. Découverte d'une station lacustre de l'âge de la pierre polie dans le lac Clairvaux. Besançon; also in Acad, des Sci., Belles-lettres et Arts de Besançon, 1870.
220.— "Rabut, L. Histoire des habitations lacustres de la Savoie. Sabaudia, Nov. 15th and Dec. 15th.
221.— "Jeitteles, L. H. Die vorgeschichtlichen Alterthümer der Stadt Olmütz und ihrer Umgebung. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. i.
222.— "Keller, F., und Uhlman, J. Die Pfahlbauten in und um Zürich. Anzeiger, pp. 329 and 347.
223.— "Much, M. Erster Bericht über die Auffindung eines Pfahlbaues im Mondsee: (a) Erklärung einiger Gegenstände aus dem Pfahlbau im Mondsee. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. ii.
224.— "Stendel, A. Vortrag über die Pfahlbauten. With a map. Sch. des V. für Ges. des Bodensees.
225.—"Stutz, J. Der neulich entdeckte Pfahlbau am Baldeggersee. Anzeiger, p. 303.
226.— "Uhlmann, J. Eigenthümliche Verzierung eines Pfahlbautopfes. Ibid., p. 375.
227.— "Virchow, R. Ausgrabungen in dem Pfahlbau bei Bonin am Lüptowsee in Pommern. Zeit. für Eth., Verhand., p. 165, bd. iv.
228.— "Witt. Pfahlbauten von Alt-Gortzig (Prov. Posen). Ibid., Verhand., p. 175; also bd. xii., Verhand., p. 161.
229.— "Wurmbrand, Graf. Ergebnisse der Pfahlbau-Untersuchungen. Zweiter Bericht. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. ii.
230.— " ——— Schreiben am Sectionsrath Ritter von Hauer, über die in den oberösterreichischen Seen fortgesetzten Pfahlbau-Untersuchungen. Ibid., ii. and iii.
231.— "Bonizzi P. Relazione e conclusioni sugli scavi fatti nella terramara del Montale nel Settembre, 1871. An. della Soc. dei Nat. in Modena, an. vi. and vii.
232.— "Foresti, L. Terramara di Rastellino, provincia di Bologna. Rend. dell' Ac. delle Sc. dell' Inst. di Bologna.
233.— "Mantovani, P. Monte Venere. La Settimana, June 22nd.
234.— "Pigorini, L. Terramara dell'epoca del bronzo in Montepelato (Parma). Gaz. di Parma, no. 276.
235.— "Quaglia, B. Oggetti trovati nella torbiera di Bardello. La Cron. Varesina, an. vii., no. 21; an. viii., no. 40.
236.— "Strobel, P. Le valve degli unio nelle marniere dell'Emilia e nei Paraderos della Patagonia. Archiv dell'Antrop. e la Etnol., vol. ii. Firenze.
237.— "Zannetti, A. Di alcuni oggetti trovati nella torbiera di Mercurago. Ibid.
238.— 1873Gross, V. Objets nouveaux de la station de l'époque du bronze de Möringen. Anzeiger, p. 402.
(a) Objets en bronze, trouvés à l'île de St. Pierre. Ibid., p. 425.
(b) Une fonderie lacustre à Möringen. Ibid., p. 439.
239.— "Aeby, C. Ueber das relative Alter der schweizerischen Pfahlbauten. Corr.-blatt der Ges. für Anth.
240.— "Jentzsch, A. Ueber die Auffindung von Pfahlbauten in der Elster bei Leipzig. Jahrb. d. K. K. Geolog. R. Verhand.
241.— "v. Kamienski. Ueber den Pfahlbau der Möwen-Insel im Soldinersee. Zeit. für Eth., bd. v., Verhand., p. 108.
242.— "Lisch, G. C. F. Pfahlbauten von Wismar. Verein für Meck. Gesch., Jahrgang 38.
243.— "v. Schab, Sig. Die Ergebnisse der neuesten Forschungen in den Pfahlbauten des Würmsees. Corr.-blatt der d. Ges. für Anth. Geschichte und Urgeschichte der Rosen-Insel in Starnbergersee. Ibid.
244.—"Thiessing, C. B. Die Pfahlbauten der Schweiz. Aus allen Welttheilen, iv., p. 143.
245.— "Töppen, M. Ueber Pfahlbauten in Culmerlande. Alt. P. Monatschr., bd. x.
246.— "Besini, L. Sulle terremare. Il Muratori, March 30th.
247.— "Chierici, G., e Mantovani, P. Notizie archeologiche dell' anno 1872, raccolte e referite. Reggio.
248.— "Masè, F. Abitazioni palustri nel Mantovano. Atti della Soc. Veneto-Tretina di Sc. Nat., vol. ii.
249.— "Pigorini, L. Ricerche archeologiche nella sponda sinistra dell' Enza. Gaz. di Parma, no. 248.
250.— "Strobel, P. Die Terremare. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. iii.
251.— 1874Liddel, P. Note of an Underground Structure at Gress, near Stornoway, and other Ancient Remains in the island of Lewis. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. x.
252.— "Desor et Favre. Le Bel Âge du Bronze lacustre en Suisse. With seven plates. Paris and Neuchâtel.
253.— "Amrein, Prof. Pfahlbauten Ausgrabungen am Baldeggersee. Geschichtsfreund, bd. xxix.
254.— "v. Fellenberg, Ed. Der Einbaum von Vingelz. Anzeiger, p. 556; see also Prof. Bachmann. Ibid., p. 560.
255.— "Heydeck, Prof. Ueber Pfahlbauten im Geserichsee. Phys. Oekon. Ges., p. 14.
256.— "Messikommer, J. Die Nachgrabungen auf den Pfahlbauten Robenhausen und Niederweil. Anzeiger, p. 495.
257.— "Much, M. Zweiter Bericht über Pfahlbauforschungen in den Oberösterreichischen Seen. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. iv.
258.— "Uhlmann, J. Einiges über Pflanzenreste aus der Pfahlbaustation Möringen. Anzeiger, p. 532.
259.— "Wurmbrand, Graf. Pfahlbauten im Neusiedlersee. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. iv.
260.— "Chierici, G. La terramara di Gorzano. Il Panaro, March 3rd.
(a) La terramara di Roteglia. L'Italia Centrale, March 7th.
261.— "Coppi, F. Monografia ed iconografia della terramara di Gorzano, etc. With thirty-two plates, vol. ii.
262.— " ——— Le valve dell' unio nelle terremare. L'Archiv per l'Ant. e la Entol., an. iv.
263.— "Crespellani, A. Scoperta di una nuova terramara. Il Muratori, Jan. 30th.
(a) Terramara di Casinalbo. Ibid., March 27th.
264.— "Maggi, L. Cuspide di lancia in bronzo. Cron. Var.
265.—"Marinoni, C. La terramara di Regona di Seniga, e le stazioni preistoriche al confluente del Mella nell' Oglia, nella Bassa Brescinna. Atti della Soc. It. di Sc. Nat., vol. xvii.
266.— "Pigorini, L. Terremare di Casaroldo e di Castione. Gaz. di Parma, July 1.
267.— "Strobel, P. Intorno all' origine delle terremare. Archiv dell' Ant. e la Etnol., vol. iv.
268.— 1875Love, R. Notice of a Crannog in the Loch of Kilbirnie, Ayrshire. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. xi.
269.— "Chantre, E. Les palafittes ou constructions lacustres du lac de Paladru, près Voiron. 2nd ed. Lyon.
270.— "Grangier, Prof. Objet lacustre en bronze. Anzeiger, p. 571.
271.— "v. Fellenberg, Ed. Bericht an die Tit.-Direction der Entsumpfungen über die Ausbeutung der Pfahlbauten des Bielersees in den Jahren 1873 und 1874. Bern.
272.— "Fischer, H. Nephrit und Jadeit nach ihren mineralogischen und ethnographischen Bedeutung. Stuttgart. (2nd ed., 1880.)
273.— "Heydeck, Prof. Die Untersuchung eines Pfahlbaues bei Werder am Aryssee. Altp. Monat., bd. xii. p. 89.
274.— "Mestorf, J. Die Entstehung der Terramaren. Corr.-blatt, p. 6.
275.— "Naumann, E. Die Fauna der Pfahlbauten im Starnbergersee. Archiv für Anth., vol. viii.
276.— "Wurmbrand, Graf. Ergebnisse der Pfahlbau-Untersuchungen, iii. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. v.
277.— "de Vit, V. Il lago Maggiore, etc.; chap. v.: Abitazioni lacustri del lago Maggiore.
278.— "Pigorini, L. Esposizione di Antichità preistoriche tenuta in Brescia. Nuova Antologia, vol. xxx.
279.— "Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana, an. i.:—
(a) Boni, C. Doppia forma da fusione di Casinalbo.
(b) Chierici, G. Escursione archeologica del Ministro Bonghi nel Parmense. Selci ed anse lunate in una terramara di Sant' Ilario d' Enza. Nuove asserzioni dell' esistenza dell' ambra in terremare.
(c) Crespellani, A. L' ambra in terremare e selci romboidali di Bazzano.
(d) Pigorini e Martinati. Ricerche paletnologiche nel Veronese ed in Toscana.
(e)  ——— Scavi nella terramara di Castione parmense.
(f) Scarabelli, G. F. G. Scavi nella terramara del Castellaccio, presso Imola.
280.— 1876Forel, F. A. Antiquités lacustres du lac Leman. Anzeiger, p. 699.
281.— "Gross, V. Les tombes lacustres d'Auvernier. Ibid., p. 663.
282.—"Perrin, A. Palafittes ou Habitations lacustres. In "Études Pal. dans le bassin du Rhône." Paris.
283.— "Széchenyi Bela, Comte. Trouvailles de l'âge de la pierre dans le bassin du lac de Neusiedle. Cong. Inter, d'Anth. et d'Arch., session vii.
284.— "Uhlmann, J. Notice sur les palafittes du Canton de Berne. Genève.
285.— "Frank, E. Die Pfahlbaustation Schussenried. Sch. des V. für Gesch. des Bodensees.
286.— "Keller, F. Pfahlbauten. Siebenter Bericht. Sixty-nine pages, with twenty-four plates. Mitt. der Antiq. Ges. Zürich, bd. xix.
287.— "Much, M. Dritter Bericht über die Pfahlbauforschungen im Mondsee in den Jahren 1875-6. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. vi.:
(a) Ein Pfahlbau im Almsee. Ibid.
288.— "v. Raeber, B. Die neue Pfahlbauansiedelung im Krähenried bei Kaltenbrunnen. Anzeiger, p. 655.
(a) Pfahlbau Heimenlachen im Thurgau. Ibid.
289.— "v. Radies, P. Das Laibacher Moor. Ausland, no. 10.
290.— "v. Sacken, E. F. Der Pfahlbau im Laibacher Moore. Mitt. der K. K. Central-Com. zur Erfors. und Erhaltung der Kunst. und pre-Denk, N. F., bd. ii.
291.— "v. Schab, Sig. Die Pfahlbauten im Würmsee. With eighteen plates. Beit. zur Anth. und Urge. Bayerns, bd. i.
292.— "Sievers. Pfahlbau im Arraschsee in Livland. Zeit. für Eth., bd. viii., Verhand., pp. 157, 276, 279; bd. ix. p. 433.
293.— "Virchow, R. Terramare an der Theiss und über ungarische Alterthümer überhaupt. Ibid., p. 243.
293a.— "Coppi, F. Monografia ed iconografia della terremara di Gorzano. Vol. iii., with pp. 32 and 16 plates. Modena.
294.— "Gastaldi, B. Frammenti di Paleoetnologia Italiana. Atti della R. Ac. dei Lincei, Roma.
295.— "Lioy, P. Le abitazioni lacustri di Fimon. Mem. del R. Inst. Veneto di Sc. Let. ed Arti, vol. xix.
296.— "Martinati. Storia della Paletnologia Veronese. Thirty-eight pages.
297.— "Pigorini, L. Sur la Terramare de Casaroldo. Cong. Inter. d'Anth. et d'Arch., session vii.
298.— "Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana, an. ii.:—
(a) Angelucci, A. I pugnali delle Mariere.
(b) Bonizzi, P. Intorno all' ambra del Montale.
(c) Chierici, G. I pugnali-coltelli delle terremare.
(d) Mariotti, G. Di alcuni pugnali di bronzo scoperti a Castione del Marchesi nel Parmigiano.
(e) Pigorini, L. Terremare ungheresi.
299.—1877Gross, V. Un porte-aiguille lacustre de Möringen. Anzeiger, p. 719.
(a) Nouveaux moules en molasse de Möringen. Ibid., p. 763.
300.— "Rode, Prof. Tombeaux du temps des habitations lacustres. Ibid., p. 759.
301.— "Pleyte, W. Nederlandsche Oudheden van de vroegste Tijden tot op Karel den Groote. Leiden. (In progress.)
302.— "Deschmann, C. Bericht über die Pfahlbautenaufdeckungen im Laibacher Moore im Jahre 1876. Sitz. der Wiener Ak. d. Wiss., Phil., Hist., cl. lxxxiv.
303.— "Fraas. Ueber den Steinhauser Knuppelbau bei Schussenried. Corr.-blatt, p. 159.
304.— "Heydeck, Prof. Die Fortsetzung und der Abschluss der Ausgrabungen in Arys-See. Altp. Mon., bd. xiv. p. 181.
305.— "Virchow, R. Ueber Schädel und Geräthe aus den Pfahlbauten von Auvernier, Sutz und Möringen. Zeit. für Anth., ix. Verhand., p. 126.
306.— "Bericht über die acht allgemeine Versammlung der deutschen Anthropologischen Gesellschaft zu Constanz. Corr.-blatt, pp. 66 to 163.
307.— "Castelfranco, P. Stazione litica dell' Isola dei Cipressi nel lago di Pusiano. Atti della Soc. It. Sc. Nat., vol. xx.
308.— "Helbig, W. L'Orientazione delle terremare. Bul. dell' Inst. di Cor. Arch.
309.— "Levi, A. S. Alcuni cenni di studi preistorici sulla Savoja. Atti della Soc. Tosc. di Sc. Nat., vol. iii.
310.— "Pigorini, L. Le abitazioni lacustri di Peschiera nel lago di Garda. Atti della R. Ac. dei Lincei, p. 19, an. 274.
311.— "Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana, an. iii.:—
(a) Chierici, G. Considerazioni sui ragguagli degli scavi del Castellaccio Imolese. (a') La questione dell' ambra in terremare dell' età del bronzo. (a'') Stazione Demorta nel Mantovano. (a''') Stratificazioni co-ordinate delle tre età preistoriche.
(b) Pigorini, L. Piccole ruote di corno di cervo e di bronzo delle terremare dell' Emilia.
(c) Scarabelli, G. La terramara del Castellaccio presso Imola.
(d) Strobel, P. Oggetti interessanti delle terremare.
312.— 1878Jones, T. R. English Lake-Dwellings and Pile Structures. Nature, vol. xvii.
313.— "Grangier, Prof. Les stations lacustres d'Estavayer. Anzeiger, p. 803.
314.—"Gross, V. Möringen et Auvernier. Deux stations lacustres. (Twelve plates.) Neuveville.
(a) Le Station de St. Blaise. Two plates.
315.— "Revon, L. La Haute-Savoie avant les Romains. Paris et Annécy; also Rev. Savoisienne, 1875.
316.— "Romer, Florian, F. Les terramares en Hongrie. Cong. Inter. d'Anth. et d'Arch. Budapest, vol. ii. p. 18.
317.— "Deschmann, C. Ueber die vorjährigen Funde im Laibacher Pfahlbau. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. viii.
318.— "Much, M. Ueber die Funde aus dem Neusiedlersee. Ibid.
319.— "Wilkens, M. Ueber die Schädelknochen des Rindes aus dem Pfahlbau des Laibacher Moores. Ibid.
320.— "Borghi, N. Sulla scoperta di una stazione preistorica nella palude Brabbia. Atti della Soc. It. di Sc. Nat., vol. xxi.
321.— "Castelfranco, P. Le stazioni lacustri dei laghi di Monate e di Varano, e considerazioni generali intorno alle palafitte. Atti della Soc. It. Sc. Nat., vol. xxi.
322.— "Coppi, F. Nuova scoperta archeologica nella terramara di Gorzano. Atti della R. Ac. del Sc. di Torino, vol. xiv.
323.— "Crespellani, A. Le terremare del Modenese. Atti della Soc. It. Sc. Nat., vol. xxi.
324.— "Garoni, T. Scoperte paleoetnologiche nell' Isolino, sul lago di Varese. Nelle Notizie degli Scavi Com. alla R. Ac. dei Lincei.
325.— "Garovaglio, A. Torbiere di Bosisio e Pusiano. Riv. Arch. della Prov. di Como.
326.— "Ranchet e Regazzoni. Le nuove scoperte preistoriche all' Isolino, nel lago di Varese. Atti della Soc. It. di Sc. Nat., vol. xxi.
327.— "Regazzoni, I. L'uomo preistorico nella provincia di Como (4o, 136 pages with 10 plates). Milano.
328.— "Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana, an. iv.:—
(a) Castelfranco, P. Fibule a grandi coste e ad arco semplice.
(b) Cavazzocca, A. Stazione lacustre del Bor, presso Pacengo, nel lago di Garda.
(c) Chierici, G. Sepolcro del periodo di transizione dall' età della pietra alle terremare.
(d) Pigorini, L. Ricerche paletnologiche a Cavriana. (d') Nuove scoperte nella torbiera Cascina del Veronese.
(e) Strobel, P. Oggetti di legno della Mariera di Castione.
329.— 1879Ussher and Kinahan. On a Submarine Crannog discovered by R. J. Ussher at Ardmore, County Waterford. Proc. R. I. A., vol. ii., 2nd S.
330.—"Hayman and Ussher. On the Submarine Crannoge discovered on the peat under high water-mark at Ardmore Bay. Journ. R. H. A. A., vol. v., 4th S.
331.— "Munro, R. Notice of the Excavation of a Crannog at Lochlee, Ayrshire. Proc. S. A. Scot., xiii.
332.— "Forel, F. A. Les tenevières artificielles des cités lacustres. Anzeiger, also Mat. pour l'hist., etc., vol. xiv.
333.— "Gross, V. Un étrier en bronze trouvé près de l'embouchure de la Thielle dans le lac de Bienne. Anzeiger, p. 909.
334.— " ——— Une nouvelle palafitte de l'époque de la pierre à Locras, lac de Bienne. Matériaux, etc., vol. xiv.
335.— "Helbig, W. Die Italiker in der Poebene. One hundred and forty pages, with map and two plates. Leipzig.
336.— "Keller, F. Pfahlbauten. Achter Bericht. Fifty-eight pages and eight plates. Mitt, der Antiq. Ges. Zürich, bd. xx.
337.— " ——— Etruskische Streitwagen aus Bronze in den Pfahlbauten. Anzeiger, p. 887.
338.— "Kohn und Mehlis. Materialen zur Vorgeschichte des Menschen in Östlichen Europa. Jena.
339.— "Studer, T. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Hunderacen in den Pfahlbauten. Arch. für Anth., bd. xii.
340.— "Coppi, F. Lo scavo e gli oggetti della terramara di Gorzano nell' anno 1879. Twenty-three pages and one plate. Atti della R. Ac. delle Sc. di Torino, vol. xv.
341.— "Regazzoni, I. Dei nuovi scavi nell' Isola Virginia, lago di Varese. Twenty-two pages, with three plates. Riv. Arch. della prov. di Como.
(a) Di alcuni oggetti preistorici raccolti nelle stazioni del lago di Varese. Ibid.
342.— "de Stefani, S. Ricerche paletnologiche nel lago di Garda. Nelle notizie degli scavi, etc., R. Ac. dei Lincei.
343.— "Bulletino di Paletnologia Italiana, an. v.:—
(a) Chierici, G. Sunto critico della Memoria di Ranchet e Regazzoni: Le nuove scoperte all' Isolino nel lago di Varese.
(b) Pigorini, L. Stazione lacustre nel Piceno.
(c) Strobel, P. Sunto critico della Memoria di Castelfranco: Le stazioni lacustri dei laghi di Monate e Varano.
344.— 1880-4 Munro, R. Ayrshire Crannoges. Collections of Ayr and Galloway Arch. Association, vols. ii. iii. and iv.
345.— 1880Plunket, T. On an Ancient Settlement found about twenty-one feet beneath the surface of the peat, in the Coal-bog near Boho, county Fermanagh. Proc. R. I. A., vol. ii., 2nd S.
346.—"Wakeman, W. F. On certain recent Discoveries on Ancient Crannog Structures, chiefly in the County Fermanagh. Journ. R. H. A. A., vol. v., 4th S.
347.— "Gross, V. Dernières trouvailles dans les habitations lacustres du lac de Bienne. Matériaux, etc., vol. xv.
(a) Une double hache en cuivre de Locras. Ibid.
(b) Le canot lacustre de Vingreis (lac de Bienne). Anzeiger, p. 69.
348.— "Montelius, O. Deux bronzes d'origine Scandinave découverts en Suisse. Matériaux, etc., vol. xv. p. 14.
349.— "Pillot, E. Notice sur les habitations préhistoriques de l'époque lacustre de Villchetif, près de Troyes.
350.— "Böll, A. Die neuesten Pfahlbauten am Ueberlinger-See. Sch. des V. für Ges. des Bodensees.
351.— "Keller, F. Funde auf dem grossen Hafner. Anzeiger, p. 25.
352.— "Witt. Pfahlbauten in Alt-Gorzig. Zeit. für Eth. Verhand.
353.— "Brizio, Ed. I Liguri nelle terremare. Nuova Antologia.
354.— "Castelfranco e Sordelli. Notizie intorno alla stazione lacustre della Lagozza. Fifty-two pages and one plate. Atti della Soc. It. Sc. Nat., vol. xxiii.
355.— "Cavazzocca, A. Abitazioni lacustri del lago di Garda—Palafitta del Bor. Nineteen pages with five plates. Verona.
356.— "Coppi, F. Breve rapporto sugli scavi di Gorzano nel 1880. Atti della R. Ac. della Sc. di Torino, vol. xvi.
357.— "Parazzi, Ant. Stazioni preistoriche del Viadanese. Notizi degli Scavi Com. R. Ac. dei Lincei.
358.— "de Stefani, S. Degli oggetti preistorici raccolti nella stazione dell' età del bronzo scoperta nel Mincio, presso Peschiera. Atti dell' Ac. d' Agri., Arti e Com. de Verona, vol. lvii.
359.— "Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana, an. vi.:—
(a) Chierici, G. Dei nuovi scavi nell' Isola Virginia. (a') Degli oggetti preistorici raccolti nella stazione dell' età del bronzo scoperta nel Mincio.
(b) Regazzoni, I. Stazione preistorica della Lagozza.
(c) Strobel, P. Le razze del cane nelle terremare. (c') Istrumento d' osso umano d' una terramara.
360.— 1881de Mortillet, G. Importation de la nephrite et du bronze. Matériaux, etc., vol. xvi.
361.— "Ossowski, G. Carte archéologique de la Prusse occidentale. Krakow.
362.— "Kasiski, F. W. Beschreibung der vaterlandischen Alterthümer in Neustettiner und Schlochauer Kreise. Danzig.
363.— "Keller, F. Zinn in Pfahlbauten. Anzeiger, p. 133.
(a) Rammblock in den Pfahlbauten. Ibid.
364.—"v. Luschau, F. Ueber die menschlichen Schädel aus den Laibacher Pfahlbauten. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. x.
365.— " ———  Ueber einige Funde aus den Pfahlbauten des Neusiedlersees. Ibid.
366.— "Tischler, O. Gliederung der vorrömischen Metallzeit. Bericht über die xii. Allgemeine Versammlung der d. Anth. Ges. Corr.-Blatt.
367.— "Crespellani, A. Di alcuni oggetti delle terremare Modenesi. An. della Soc. dei Nat. di Modena, an. xv. p. 233. See vols. x. 44, 106; xii. 45; xiv. 39. Also the author's annual reports on the excavations at Modena. Atti e Mem. delle Dep. di Storia pat. per le Prov. Mod. e Parm.
368.— "Gozzadini, G. Di una terramara a Crespellano nel Bolognese. Notizie degli Scavi, etc.
369.— "Portioli, A. Le terremare di Villa Cappella e di Gazzoldo nel Mantovano. Seventeen pages. Mantova.
370.— "de Stefani, S. Stazioni lacustri nel Garda ai piedi del Monte Rocca e nel Golfo di Peschiera. Notizie degli Scavi d'Ant.
371.— "Zannoni, A. Scoperta di una terramara nel Bolognese. L'Opinione, 7 Ottobre.
372.— "Bullettino di Paletnologia It., an. vii.:—
(a) Chierici, G. La terramara di Bellanda nel Mantovano. (a´) La paletnologia italiana nel 3o Congresso geografico internazionale.
(b) Parazzi, A. La terramara di Cogozzo nel Viadanese.
(c) Pigorini, L. I Terpen della Frisia. (c´) Terramara e sepolcreto dell' età del bronzo nel Bolognese. (c´´) Di una scoperta paletnologica nel Modenese.
(d) Regazzoni, In. Nuove tracce di palafitta e un' ascia di rame del lago di Varese. (d´) Nuovi scavi nella stazione palustre della Lagozza.
(e) Strobel, P. Oggetti di legno della mariera di Castione.
373.— 1882Munro, R. Ancient Scottish Lake-Dwellings, or Crannogs, etc., pp. xx., 313, with numerous illustrations. Edinburgh.
374.— ——— Notes of a Crannog at Friar's Carse, Dumfriesshire. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. xvi.
375.— "Wilson, G. Notice of a Crannog at Barhapple Loch, Glenluce. Col. Ayr. and Gal. A., vol. iii.
376.—"Gross, V. Station de Corcelettes. Neuveville.
(a) La station de l'âge de la pierre à St. Blaise. Anzeiger p. 259.
(b) Un poignard en silex avec sa poignée de la station de Fenel. Ibid., p. 324.
(c) Un chariot du premier âge du fer, trouvé à la Tène. Ibid., p. 325.
377.— "Morel-Fatio, A. Sépultures des populations lacustres Chamblandes, près Pully, Suisse. Matériaux, vol. xvii.
378.— "Böll, A. Die neuesten Pfahlbaufunde am Ueberlingersee. Sch. des V. für Gesch. des Bodensees, etc., p. 93.
379.— "Haag, G. Pfahlbau und Entwässerung Julius. Baltische Studien, Jahrg. 32.
380.— "Jenny. Pfahlbauten bei Steckborn. Jahrbuch des V. von Alter. im Rheinlande, Heft 73.
381.— "Leiner, L. Die Entwickelung von Konstanz. Sch. des V. für Gesch. des Bodensees, p. 73.
382.— " ——— Zum Pfahlbau-Leben am Bodensee um Konstanz. Corr.-Blatt, p. 35.
383.— "Messikommer, J. Neue Funde auf den Pfahlbauten von Steckborn, Robenhausen, etc. Ibid., p. 36.
(a) Neue Funde in den Schweizerischen Pfahlbauten. Das Ausland, p. 377.
(b) Kupfer aus der Pfahlbaute Robenhausen. Anzeiger, p. 324.
(c) Rückblick auf die neuesten in der Nordschweizaufgeführten Pfahlbau-Untersuchungen. Ibid., p. 321.
384.— "Vater und Voss. Bronze Fund von Spandau. Zeit. für Eth., bd. xiv., Verhand., pp. 112 and 371.
385.— "Antiqua: Unterhaltungsblatt für Freunde der Alterthumskunde, Jahrg. i.:—
(a) Forrer, R. Metall auf der Pfahlbaute bei Robenhausen.
(b) Messikommer, H. Die Industrie der Pfahlbauten.
(c) Messikommer, J. Die Pfahlbauten am Untersee. Pfahlbautenbrod.
386.— "Boni, C. La terramara di Montale. Nineteen pages with one plate, part i.
387.— "Regazzoni, E. Gli scavi della Lagozza. Riv. A. del Prov. di Como.
388.— "Strobel, P. Il teschio del porco delle marière, Studio comparativo. Atti della Soc. It. Sc. Nat., vol. xxv.
389.— "Bullettino di Pal. It., an. viii.:—
(a) Parazzi, A. La terramara di Cogozzo nel Viadanese.
(b) Strobel, P. Gli avanzi dell' asino nelle terremare.
390.—1883Lockwood, W. J. Account of the examination of Crannogs in Lough Mourne, near Carrickfergus. Journ. R. H. A. A., vol. vi., 4th S.
391.— "Graves, J. Notes on Stone and Bone Antiquities, some with Oghamic Inscriptions, found at a Crannog in Ballinderry Lough, Co. Westmeath. Ibid.
392.— "Gross, V. Les Protohelvètes ou les premières colons sur les bords des lacs de Bienne et Neuchâtel. One hundred and fourteen pages and thirty-three phototype plates. Berlin.
393.— "Vouga, A. Les stations lacustres de Cortaillod. Anzeiger, p. 456.
394.— "Forrer, R. Die Pfahlbaute auf dem Grossen Hafner. Ibid., p. 463.
395.— "Frank, E. Die Pfahlbautstation Olzreuthe. Corr.-Blatt, p. 57.
396.— "Friedel. Der Bronzepfahlbau in Spandau. Arch. für Anth., bd. xiv.
397.— "Hartmann, R. Ueber die alten Dithmarscher Wurthen und ihren Packwerkbau. Thirty-eight pages. Marne.
398.— "Kamienski, V. Bericht ueber den Pfahlbau im Soldiner-See in der Neumark. Sitz., Altp.-Monat., bd. xx.
399.— "Leiner, L. Geräthe von Kupfer und kupferischer Bronze aus der Vorzeit der Geschichte unserer Gegend. Sch.des V. für Gesch. des Bodensees.
400.— "Mehlis, C. Pfahlbauten in der Südpfalz. Corr.-Blatt, p. 48.
(a) Der Stand der Pfahlbautenfrage. Deutsche Rev., vol. iii. p. 251.
401.— "Meyer, A. B. Die Nephritfrage kein ethnologisches Problem. Berlin.
402.— "Messikommer, H. Sämereien und Früchte auf der Pfahlbaute Robenhausen. Zeit. für Eth., Verh., bd. xv. p. 233.
403.— " ——— Holzgeräthe und Industrie aus der Pfahlbaute Robenhausen. Das Ausland.
404.— "Studer, Th. Die Thierwelt in den Pfahlbauten des Bielersees. Mitt. der Nat. Ges. Bern, 1883-4.
405.— "Voss, A. Pfahlbauten bei Schussenried und in Olzreuthersee. Zeit. für Eth., Verhand., bd. xv. p. 272.
406.— "Antiqua, etc. Jahrgang ii.:—
(a) Beck, F. Zur Nephritfrage.
(b) Forrer, R. Haben einzelne Pfahlbauten bis in die Römerzeit bestanden? Schmuckgegenstände aus vorgeschichtlicher Zeit.
(c) Messikommer, J. Die Grösse der Pfahlhütten zu Robenhausen und Niederweil.
(d) Messikommer, H. Die Gewinnung von Sämereien und Früchten auf den Pfahlbautöpfen. (d´) Verzierungen auf Pfahlbauten. (d´´) Neue Funde aus den Pfahlbauten der West-Schweiz.
407.—"Pigorini, L. Terramara dell' età del bronzo situata in Castione de' Marchesi. Fifty-seven pages with five plates. Atti della R. Ac. dei Lincei, an. 280.
408.— " ——— Delle stazioni barbariche esistanti nelle provincie dell' Emilia. Ibid.
409.— "Regazzoni, I. Gli scavi della Lagozza nel 1882. Eleven pages with one plate. Riv. Arch. della Prov. di Como.
410.— "Bull. di Palet. It., an. ix.:—
(a) Chierici, G. Scavo su Monte Castagneto nella provincia di Reggio dell' Emilia.
(b) Pigorini, L. Palafitta barbarica in Fontanellato nel Parmigiano. (b´) Le spade e gli scudi delle terremare dell' età del bronzo e delle necropoli laziali. (b´´) Terramara detta la Gatta nel comune di Noceto in provincia di Parma.
(c) Strobel, P. Specie di vertebrati di cui si trovarono avanzi nelle marière dell' Alta Italia.
(d) Undset, J. Se la fibula esista nelle terremare.
411.— 1884Wakeman, W. F. On the Trouvaille from the Crannog at Lisnacroghera, near Broughshane, Co. Antrim. Journ. R.H.A.A., vols. vi. and ix., 4th S.
412.— "Serand, E. Palafittes du lac d'Annécy. Rev. Sav., 31st Dec.
413.— "Ubaghs, C. L'âge et l'homme préhistoriques et ses ustensiles de la station lacustre près de Maëstricht. Liège.
414.— "Vouga, A. La station lacustre de l'âge de la pierre polie de Forel, dans le canton de Fribourg, en 1883, p. 1;
(a) Les stations lacustres de Cortaillod dans le canton de Neuchâtel, pp. 36, 57, 139;
(b) Quelques objets rares de la station lacustre de l'âge de la pierre polie de Forel, p. 199;
(c) Station lacustre du bronze de la Creuse ou Crousa près Estavayer, p. 140;
(d) Station lacustre du bronze de Concise, p. 175; (e) Station du bronze de Chevroux, p. 199. Anzeiger, vol. v.
415.— "v. Fellenberg, Ed. Zur Nephritfrage. Zeit. für Eth., Verh., p. 256.
416.— "Forrer, R. und Ed. Pfahlbau Wollishofen bei Zürich und Pfahlbaute bei der "Bauschanze." Anzeiger, vol. v. pp. 3, 33, 85, 109.
417.— "Heydeck und Virchow. Pfahlbauten in Ostpreussen. Zeit. für Eth. Verhand., p. 560; Altp. Mon. Sitz. der Gesel. Prus.
418.— "Messikommer, H. Die Niederlassung St. Blaise. Das Ausland.
(a) Die neuesten Ausgrabungen auf der Pfahlbaute Robenhausen. Ibid., p. 479.
419.— "Studer, Th. Mittheilungen über die Menschen Schädel der Pfahlbauer. Mitt. der Nat. Ges. Bern.
420.—"Antiqua, etc. Jarg. iii.:—
(a) Forrer, R. Ein Pfahlbau bei Erlenbach; (a´) Gallische Bronzefigur von la Tène; (a´´) Statistik der in der Schweiz gefundenen Kupfergeräthe.
(b) Kollmann, J. Craniologische Mittheilungen. Menschliche Schädel auf P. stationen in Zürichsee und von der Pfahlbau bei Bevaix; (b´) Calvaria von la Tène; (b´´) und von der Insel Weerd.
(c) Messikommer, H. Die gallische Niederlassung "La Tène" und die Sammlung von M. Dardel-Thorens in St. Blaise; (c´) Neue Funde aus den Pfahlbauten.
(d) Messikommer, J. Ein neuer Pfahlbau bei Niederwyl.
(e) Trachsel, C. F. Ueber die Münzen von La Tène.
421.— "Boni, C. La terramara di Montale. Parte ii. Thirty-two pages and six plates. Modena.
422.— "Crespellani, A. La carta topografica delle terremare Modensi. Twenty-nine pages with map. Modena.
423.— "Quaglia, G. Laghi e torbiere del circondario di Varese, provincia di Como. Ninety-two pages, with four plates. Varese.
424.— "De' Stefani, S. Sopra gli scavi fatti nella palafitta Centrale del golfo di Peschiera ed in quella del Mincio. Forty pages, with one plate. Atti della Ac. d'Ag., Arti e Com. di Verona.
425.— "Bull. di Palet. It., an. x.:—
(a) Pigorini, L. Comparazioni tra i fondi di capanne dell' età della pietra, le terremare dell' età del bronzo e le necropoli del periodo di Villanova. (a´) Sopra alcuni oggetti della terramara di Montale.
(b) Strobel, P. Provenienza dei manufatti preistorici di Nefrite e di Giadaite (see also an. ix., p. 177).
426.— 1885Munro, R. The Lake-Dwellings of Wigtownshire. Col. Ayr. and Galloway Arch. A., vol. v.
427.— " ——— Notice of an Artificial Mound or Cairn, situated fifty yards within the tidal area on the shore of the island of Eriska, Argyllshire. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. xix.
428.— "Vouga, E. Les Helvètes à la Tène: Notice historique avec un plan et vingt planches. Forty pages. Neuchâtel.
429.— "Forrer, R. Ueber die Totenbestattung bei den Pfahlbauern. Das Ausland, p. 151.
430.— "Köhler, Dr. Pfahlbauten von Lagiewnicki, Kr. Kosten am Posen. Zeit. für Eth., Verhand., p. 176.
431.—"Messikommer, J. Die neuentdeckte Pfahlbaute Bleiche-Arbon. Das Ausland, p. 1003.
432.— "Studer, T. Westschweizerischen Pfahlbau-Bevölkerung. Zeit. für Ethn., Verhand., p. 548.
433.— "Virchow, R. Pfahlbau-Bevölkerung. Ibid., pp. 283 and 548.
434.— "Antiqua, etc. Jahrg. iv.:—
(a) Forrer, R. Spielwürfel aus La Tène. (a´) Statistik der in der Schweiz gefundenen Kupfergeräthe. (a´´) Zur Aechtheitsfrage der punktirten Horn und Knochenobjecte.
(b) Messikommer, H. Die neuesten Ausgrabungen bei Steckborn. (b´) Die Verbreitung der P. in der Schweiz während Stein und Bronzezeit.
(c) Messikommer, J. Die jüngsten Nachgrabungen auf der P. Robenhausen. (c´) Der neuentdeckte Pfahlbau Bleiche-Arbon. (c´´) Neue Funde aus den Pfahlbauten.
435.— "Costa, T. Studio sull' origine delle terremare. Thirty-six pages with two plates. Bologna.
436.— "Parazzi, Ant. Sopra una nuova terramara scoperta ed esplorata nel territorio del Commune di Viadana. Notizie degli Scavi Com.
437.— "Regazzoni, I. Paletnologia. (Hæpli's series of manuals.) Degli scavi nell' Isola Virginia. Riv. Arch. della Prov. di Como.
438.— "Milligen, S. F. On the Crannogs in county Cavan. Journ. R.H.A.A., vol. vii., 4th S.
439.— 1886Munro, R. Notes on Lake-Dwellings in Lough Mourne, county Antrim. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. xx.
440.— "de V. Kane, W. Notes on Crannogs in Leitrim. R.H.A.A., vol. vii., 4th S.
441.— "Wakeman, W. F. The Crannogs of Drumdarragh, otherwise Trillick, and Lankill, county Fermanagh. Ibid.
442.— "Wallace, T. Notes of Ancient Remains in the Beauly Valley: Artificial Island in Loch Bruich. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. xx.
443.— "Wood-Martin, W. G. Notes on Crannogs in Longford. R.H.A.A., vol. vii., 4th S.
444.— " ——— The Lake-Dwellings of Ireland: or Ancient Lacustrine Habitations of Erin, commonly called Crannogs. Two hundred and sixty-eight pages, with numerous illustrations. Dublin.
445.— "Borel, A. et M. Notice sur les stations lacustres de Bevaix (avec carte). Musée Neuchâtelois, No. 6.
446.—"Gross, V. La Tène. Un Oppidum Helvète. Sixty-two pages with thirteen plates. Paris.
(a) Über die eigenthümlichen Knochenschnitzereien aus den Schweizer Pfahlbauten. Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, bd. xvi.
447.— "Fischer, H. Begleitworte zu der Karte ueber die geographische Verbreitung der Beile aus Nephrit, Jadeit und Chloromelanit in Europa. Mit einer Karte. Arch. für Anth., bd. xvi.
448.— "Heierli, J. Der Pfahlbau Wollishofen. Thirty-two pages with four plates. Mitt. der Antiq. Ges. Zürich, bd. xxii.
449.— "Antiqua, etc. Jahrg. v.:—
(a) Forrer, R. Der Pfahlbau Wollishofen. (a´) Die Handelsbeziehungen der Schweizerischen Pfahlbauer nach dem Ausland. (a´´) Was war la Tène, Schlussworte. (a´´´) Pfahlbaufunde aus der Westschweiz. (a´´´´) Neue Pfahlbaufunde.
(b) Messikommer, J. Kahn-Ruder aus Pfahlbauten.
450.— "Crespellani, A. Terramara delle Trinità. Atti della Soc. Nat. di Modena. Rend. delle Adunanze, 3 S., vol. iii. p. 36.
451.— "Parazzi, A. Terramara e sottostante torbiera con palafitta nel Casale Zaffanella presso Viadana. Thirty-three pages with three plates. Bul. di Palet. It., an. xii.
452.— "Regazzoni, I. Oggetti preistorici della Lagozza nel museo di Como. (a) Il museo preistorico Ponti all' Isola Virginia nel lago di Varese. Riv. Arch. della Prov. di Como.
453.— "Strobel, P. L'ambra podana. Ibid.
454.— 1887Antiqua, etc.:—
(a) Forrer, R. Die Verbreitung der Pfahlbauten in Europa.
(b) Messikommer, H. Ein Bronzebeil auf Robenhausen. (b´) Die verschiedene Resistenzfähigkeit des Pfahlbauholzes im Wasser.
(c) Messikommer, J. Nachgrabungen auf dem Packwerkbau Niederwyl im Jahre 1886.
455.— "Brizio, Ed. Di una terramara scoperta al Poggio della Gaggiola e di altra a Santa Maria Villiana nel Commune di Poretta. Notizie degli Scavi, 1887, p. 387.
456.— "Castelfranco, P. Les villages lacustres et palustres et les terramares. Rev. d'Anthrop., p. 706; and 1888, p. 568.
457.— "Scarabelli, G. Stazione preistorica sul Monte del Castellaccio presso Imola. Ninety-five pages, with twenty-three plates. Imola.
458.—"Zannoni, Ant. Terramara a Faenza. Il Lamone, 10th April.
459.— "Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana, an. xiii.:—
(a) Meyer, A. B. Dell' ambra preistorica lavorata in Sicilia.
(b) Pigorini, L. Sull' origine del tipo di varie stoviglie fabbricate dagl' Italici della prima età del ferro.
(c) Regazzoni, I. La stazione preistorica della Lagozza.
(d) Strobel, P. Mandibule di cignale traforate della mariera di Castione. (d´) Oggetti di pietra della mariera di Castione.
460.— 1888Burns-Begg, R. Notice of a Crannog discovered in Lochleven, Kinross-shire. Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. xxii.
461.— "Brière, Dr. Une nouvelle trouvaille de la station Corcelettes. Anzeiger, p. 69.
462.— "Heierli, J. Pfahlbauten. Neunter Bericht. Sixty-six pages, with twenty-one plates. Mitt. der Antiq. Ges. Zürich, bd. xxii.
463.— "Antiqua, etc.:—
(a) Brière, Dr. Nouvelles trouvailles à Corcelettes.
(b) Reber, B. Thier und Menschenreste aus Pfahlbauten des Ct. Thurgau.
(c) Vouga, E. Nouvelles fouilles de la Tène.
(d) Zakrzewski, S. V. Slavischer Pfahlbau in Breslau.
464.— "Cordenons, F. Antichità preistoriche anariane della regione Euganea, Padova. Thirty-five pages in 8o, with four plates. Atti del Soc. Veneto-Trentina di Sc. Nat., vol. xi.
465.— "Pigorini, L. Appunti per lo studio delle stazioni lacustri e delle terremare italiane, Roma. Rend. d. Acc. dei Lincei, ser. 4a, vol. iv.
466.— "Bullettino Paletnologia Italiana, an. xiv.:—
a)Canestrini, G. Cenni sugli avanzi animali della palafitta di Arquà.
(b)Pigorini, L. Abitazioni lacustri di Arquà-Petrarca in Provincia di Padova.
467.— 1889Meschinelli, L. Studio sugli avanzi preistorici della valle di Fontega. Atti della Soc. Veneto-Trent. di Sc. Nat., vol. xi.
468.— "Strobel, P. Accampamenti di terramaricoli nel Parmense. Bul. Palet. It., anno xv.
469.— 1890Meschinelli, L. Su alcuni strumenti di legno provenienti da' varie abitazioni lacustri di Europa. Rend. della R. Accad. delle Sc. Fis. e Matemat. di Napoli.