Pagan and Christian Rome

by Rodolfo Amedeo Lanciani

CELEBRATED IN THE YEAR 17, B. C.

TEXT AS EDITED BY MOMMSEN

(See Chapter II., pp. 73-82)

---

INDEX.

For the names of individual arches, basilicas, catacombs, churches, forums, palaces, piazzas, statues, streets, temples, tombs, and villas, see the headings, Arch, Basilica, Catacombs, Churches, etc.

• Academy of Pomponio, [359]
• Achilleus, martyr, bas-relief representing his execution, [339] (cut)
• Acilii Glabriones. See Glabriones
• Ærarium Saturni, [163]
• Agapæ, [42], [336]
• Ager Fonteianus, [270]
• Agrippa, M., [79], [82], [99]
  • edifices due to, [176]
• Agrippa, fate of her pedestal once in the ustrinum, [183], [184] (cut)
  • her death, [183]
• Aius Locutius, [72]
• Albanum, amphitheatre of, [6]
• Alexamenos, [12]
• Alexander VII., Pope, [36]
• Altars, ancient, [33]
  • their usual form, [67]
  • See also Aræ
• ---- of Aius Locutius, [71], [72] (cut)
  • --of Dis and Proserpina, [73]
    • its foundation, [74]
    • its discovery, [76] (cut)
    • its shape and surroundings, [77]
  • --of Hercules, [59]
  • --Incendii Neroniani, [83]
  • --Maxima Herculis, [69]
  • --of Mercurius Sobrius, [34] (cut)
  • --Pacis Augustæ, [82], [83 (cut)]
  • --Roma Quadrata, [70]
  • --of Vedjovis, at Bovillæ, [68]
  • --of Verminus, [68]
• Amasis, King, sphinx of, [94] (cut)
• Ambrose, S., [43]
• Amphitheatre at Albanum, [6]
• Ampliatus, his tomb, [342]
  • possibly the friend of S. Paul, [343]
• Anagni, basilica of, [25]
• Anastasius IV., Pope, his sarcophagus, [197]
• Ancyra, Augusteum at, [173]
• Anisson, Charles d', [36]
• Annius, a maker of lamps, in Ostia, [17]
• Annona, [27]
• Antinous, statue of, [240], 241 (cut)
• Apollo, in Christian art, [25]
• Appian Way. See Via Appia
• Aqueduct of Damasus, [121]
• Aquila and Prisca, [110]
  • their house and oratory, [111], [126]
• Aræ compitales, [33]. See Altars
• Arch of Claudius, [99]
  • of Constantine, [101]
  • testimony of its inscription to the position of Christianity, [20] (plate)
  • of Marcus Aurelius, panel, [90] (plate)
• Arco di S. Lazaro, [181]
• Argeorum sacraria, [33]
• Artemisium Nemorense, [59]
• Arx, [85]
• Athens, Acropolis, probable origin of the gold found here by Herodes Atticus, [289]
• Atrium sutorium, [275]
• Atticus, Herodes, bibliography, [288] n.
  • his father's discovery of riches, [288]
  • his liberality and public spirit, [289]
  • the buildings erected in memory of his wife, [290]
• Atticus, Pomponius, house of, [191]
• Atys, [27]
• Augustea, [173]
• Augustine, S., his pupil Licentius, [14]
  • on eating and drinking in honor of martyrs, [43]
  • on the celebration of S. Peter's day, [44]
• Augustus, Emperor, strenæ calendariæ offered to, [34]
  • offerings in the temple of Concord, [54]
  • his house, [71] n.
  • celebrates the Secular games, [79]
  • dedicates an altar to Peace on the Campus Martius, [82]
  • death and funeral, [168]
  • resolutions in the senate, [169]
  • mausoleum, [172]
  • his Res gestæ, [172]
  • his army, [174]
  • his liberalities, [175]
  • public improvements in his time, [176]
  • his mausoleum destroyed, [179]
  • other members of the imperial family buried here, [182]

• Banqueting-halls, [42]
• Basilica, origin of its plan in that of the private house, [114] (cut)
  • its form derived from the schola, [118]
• ---- of Constantine, [162]
  • Julia, [163]
  • of Junius Bassus, [28]
  • of Nereus, Achilleus and Petronilla, [338] (cut)
• Bassus, Junius, basilica of, [28]
• Bassus, Pomponius, [192]
• Baths, in connection with Christian churches, [37]
  • of Diocletian, [38], [48], [74]
• Bayazid, his gift of the holy lance, [243]
• Beatrindex, martyr, [333]
  • the name corrupted from Viatrindex, [334] (cut)
• Belloni, Paolo, [151]
• Benedict VII., Pope, tomb, [234]
• Benedict XII., Pope, [138]
• Benedict XIV., Pope, [37]
• Bernini, influence of his school, [250]
• Bidentalia, [106]
• Biga, in the Vatican, [27]
• Bologna, monumental crosses, [35]
• Boniface I., Pope, [319]
• Bonifatius, origin of the name, [344]
• Bosio, Ant., investigator of the Catacombs, [329]
• Bovillæ, altar to Vedjovis, [68]
• Bridge of Caligula, [101]
• Brattius Præsens, [10]
• Burial, rights of, accorded the Christians, [119]
  • more common than cremation in prehistoric times, [253]
  • early burial in the trunks of trees, [254]
  • clay coffins in the same form, [254]
  • difficulties encountered by the Christians, [308]
  • within the city walls, [325]
• Burial companies, [258]
• Byzantine princes, their images in Rome, [162]

• Cæcilia, S., her tomb discovered by Pope Paschal I., [326]
• Cæpio, Aulus Crispinius, his tomb, [267]
• Cæsar, Caius, beloved by Augustus, [184]
• Cæsar, Julius, his offerings in the temple of Concord, [54]
• Caffarella, Valle della, [286]
• Calda, [357]
• Caligarii, [274]
• Caligula, his bridge, so-called, [101]
  • places his mother's ashes in the mausoleum, [184]
• Callindextus, death, [220]
• ----, Catacombs of. See Catacombs
• Calpurnii, their tomb, [276]
  • their history, [277]
• Cambyses, conquest of Egypt, [94]
• Camillus, capture of Veii, [64]
• Campagna, [286] (plate)
• Campo dell' Augusta, [179]
• Campus Esquilinus, [256]
• Campus Martius, [74]
  • early excavations in, [98]
• Candelabrum, in church of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, [26] (cut)
  • in Church of S. Paolo, [239] (cut)
• Canevari, Ant., [159]
• Canova, his tomb of Clement XIII., [250]
• Capitoline games, [281]
• Capitoline Hill, [85]
  • the western summit, [86] (plate)
• Capitoline museum, [15], [42], [59], [70], [93], [106], [190], [255], [290] n.
  • See, also, dei Conservatori, under Palaces
• Capitolium. See Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
• Caracalla, [12]
• Carrhæ, [355]
• Carthage, excitement against the Christians in, [318]
• Castel S. Angelo, [234]
• Catacombs.
  • Crypt of the Acilii Glabriones, [4]
  • its devastation in the 17th cent., [8]
  • burial of Christian martyrs, [119]
  • injury occasioned by the building of churches over the tombs of martyrs, [122]
  • preferred by the early Christians to open-air cemeteries, [308]
  • their development in the 2d century, [317]
  • the names given them, [317]
  • their secret entrances, [318]
  • not habitable, [319]
  • their extent, [319]
  • compared to the tombs of the kings at Thebes, [321]
  • their use declined in the 4th century, [321]
  • pillaged by the Goths, [324]
  • restored by Pope Vigilius, [325]
  • unmentioned by later Church annals, [327]
  • discovered in 1578, [328]
  • their wholesale pillage, [329]
  • the treasures found in them, [331]
  • the number of the Catacombs, [332]
• ---- of Callindextus, [50], [117], [216], [219], [339]
  • ---- ad Catacumbas or of S. Sebastiano, [345]
  • the bodies of SS. Peter and Paul concealed here, [346]
  • ---- of Cyriaca, [350]
  • ---- of Domitilla, [335]
  • the Flavian crypt, 316 (cut), [330], [336]
  • the basilica of Nereus and Achilleus, [338]
  • the tomb of Ampliatus, [342]
  • ---- ad Duas Lauros, or of SS. Peter and Marcellinus, [354]
  • a fresco of the Saviour with SS. Paul and Peter, [356]
  • relics of Renaissance humanists, [358]
  • ---- of Generosa, [332]
  • ---- of Pontianus, [221]
  • ---- of Prætextatus, the cubiculum of S. Januarius, [322] (cut)
  • ---- of Priscilla (map), [7], [23], [42], [111], [221]
  • ---- of the Via Salaria, [285].
• Catacumba, derivation of the word, [345]
• Caves for burial on the Viminal and Esquiline, [255]
• Ceadwalla, King, baptism and death, [231]
  • tomb, [232]
• Celibacy discouraged, [80]
• Cellæ, [42]
• Cellini, Benvenuto, the cause of his imprisonment, [247]
• Cemeteries, pagan, [253]-[305]
  • prehistoric cemeteries of the Viminal and the Esquiline, [254], [255]
  • extensive cemeteries along the high roads, [260]
  • on the Via Aurelia, [262]
  • on the Via Triumphalis, [270]
  • on the Via Salaria, [275]
  • buried under twenty-five feet of earth, [284]
  • on the Via Appia, [286]
  • Christian cemeteries, [306]-[361]
  • under the authority of the pontiffs, [307]
  • underground cemeteries preferred by the early Christians, [308]
  • their use revives after Constantine, [321], [323]
  • at Concordia Sagittaria, [323], [324] (plate)
  • suburban cemeteries abandoned on account of insecurity, [325]
  • See also, Catacombs Columbaria Tombs Ustrinum
• Chartres, cathedral, labyrinth, [31]
• Christ, type of the early representations of, [347], [348] (cut and plate)
  • early traditions of his appearance, [349]
• Christian archæology, dates from the discovery of the Catacombs, [329]
• Christian art, adoption of pagan symbolism, [23]
• Christianity, early patrician converts in Rome, [2]
  • attitude of the government toward, [11]
  • evidence of the graffiti on, [12]
  • difficulties and inconstancy of Christian converts, [14]
  • mindexed marriages, [15]
  • friendly relations between pagans and Christians, [16]
  • military service under the Empire, [18]
  • the gradual change under Constantine, [20]
  • spread of Christianity under Gregory the Great, [228]
  • the persecutions under Nero and later emperors, [312]
  • See also Church Churches Martyrs
• Christians, at first identified with the Jews by the Romans, [310]
• Church, adoption of pagan rites and customs, [23]
  • love-feasts, [42]
  • public granaries, [44]
  • flower festivals, [49]
  • its simple origin, [109]
  • adopted the institution of funeral colleges from the pagans, [117]
• Churches, objects of pagan art preserved in, [23], [26]
  • pagan decorations not destroyed, [28]
  • private contributions to the decoration of churches, [30]
  • labyrinths in the pavements, [31]
  • bathing accommodations, [37]
  • sets of weights and measures in, [39], [41]
  • the great number and variety of churches, [108]
  • the names of churches, [109]
  • private oratories, [109]
  • the steps of the transition from private halls to regular churches, [114]
  • the schola as a predecessor of the Christian church, [116]
  • churches built over the tombs of martyrs and confessors, [119]
  • frequently sunk in the ground, [120]
  • those connected with the houses of confessors and martyrs, [158]
  • those formed from pagan monuments, [160]
• Churches.
  • S. Adriano, [48]
  • S. Andrea, decorations, [28] (cut)
  • S. Andrea del Noviziato, [83]
  • S. Andrea al Quirinale, [84]
  • S. Antonio, [30]
  • S. Antonio all' Esquilino, [36]
  • SS. Apostoli, [38]
  • Aracœli, [85], [360]
    • figures of Augustus and the Sibyl, [24]
    • altar previously dedicated to Isis, [27]
  • S. Biviana, [333]
  • S. Cæcilia, kantharos in its court, [38], [39] (cut)
    • bodies of martyrs transferred to it, [326]
  • S. Cesareo, [36]
  • S. Cesareus de Palatio, [162]
  • Chapel of the Crucifindexion, [127]
  • S. Clemente, fresco, [32] (plate)
  • S. Cosimato in Trastevere, [38]
  • SS. Cosma e Damiano, 28 (cut), [162]
  • S. Croce in Gerusalemme, [234]
  • S. Croce a Monte Mario, [166]
  • Demetrias, [116]
  • S. Felicitas, [221]
  • S. Francesca Romana, discovery of the body of a girl, [299]
  • S. Francesco a Ripa, [36]
  • S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini, [81]
  • S. Giovanni in Laterano, [109], [236]
    • the cloisters as now restored, [238] (plate)
  • SS. Giovanni e Paolo, [158]
    • the tomb of Card. Luke, [159]
    • the garden, [160]
  • S. Hermes, [120]
  • Lateran basilica, [109],
  • S. Lorenzo in Lucina, [164]
  • S. Lorenzo fuori le Mura, [32], [36], [121], 135 (cut), [221]
    • sarcophagus of Licentius, [14]
    • chapel of SS. Abundius and Irenæus, [41]
    • the large number of tombs, [323], [350]
  • S. Marcello, [180]
  • S. Maria Antiqua, [3]
  • S. Maria in Cosmedin, [32]
  • S. Maria de Foro, [163]
  • S. Maria Liberatrice, [92], [102]
  • S. Maria Maggiore, [32], [36], [136]
  • S. Maria Nova, [161]
    • discovery of the body of a girl, [295]
  • S. Maria della Pace, [25], [89]
  • S. Maria del Popolo, [189]
  • S. Maria de Porticù, [32]
  • S. Maria in Trastevere, [27], [31], [330]
    • ponderaria, [41]
  • S. Martina, bas-relief, [30] (plate), [48]
  • S. Martino, [38]
  • S. Menna, [156]
  • S. Michele in Borgo, [27]
  • SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, [36]
    • candelabrum, [26] (cut)
  • S. Nicola in Carcere, [5]
  • Oratorium Sanctæ Crucis, [163]
    • a new chapel built in 1470, [166]
  • S. Pancrazio, [36], [37]
  • S. Paolo fuori le Mura, [27], [38]
    • the plans of the original and later structures compared, [150] (plate)
    • its size and plan limited by its position, [151]
    • its destruction in 1823, [152] (cut)
    • its exposed situation, [153]
    • fortified by John VIII., [154]
    • the quadri-portico, [155]
    • the grave of S. Paul, [157]
    • the portraits of the Popes, [210]
    • a candelabrum, [239] (cut)
    • the large number of tombs about it, [323]
  • S. Paolo alle Tre Fontane, [156]
    • mosaics, [25] (cut)
  • S. Peter's, [25], [84], [103], [271]
    • its early system of drainage, [121]
    • the abundant literature of the subject, [122]
    • plan of the old church, [128] (plate)
    • Constantine's basilica, [132]
    • plan of the graves of Peter and others, [132] (plate)
    • the Colonna Santa, [133]
    • the nave in 1588, [134] (cut), [146] (plate)
    • the doors of the atrium, [134]
    • the fountain in the atrium, [135], [136] (cut)
    • the tomb of Otho II., [136]
    • the doors of the church, [137]
    • the interior and roof, [138]
    • the triumphal arch, [139]
    • the baptistery, [139]
    • the chair of S. Peter, [140] (cut)
    • the bronze statue of Peter, [141], [142] (cut)
    • the destruction of the old church and its rebuilding, [143]
    • Grimaldi's account of its progress, [145]
    • the building of the dome, [146] (plate)
    • statistics and measurements, [147]
    • the illumination, [148]
    • the body of S. Peter probably still here, [148]
    • Constantine's cross seen in 1594, [149]
    • the imperial mausoleum on its site, [200] (cut), [202] (plate)
    • excavations in, in 15th and 16th centuries, [202], [203]
    • atrium of the old church, [222] (cut)
    • the tomb of Ceadwalla, [231]
    • the Porticus Pontificum, [233]
    • the tomb of Innocent VIII., [242]
    • of Paul III., [245]
    • panel from the bronze door, [272] (cut)
  • S. Pietro in Montorio, [128]
  • S. Prassede, bodies of martyrs transferred to it, [326]
  • S. Prisca, [111]
  • S. Pudentiana, [109], [112]
    • restored in 1588, [113]
  • SS. Quattro Coronati, [27]
  • S. Saba, [32]
  • S. Salvatore in Ærario, [163]
  • Sancta Sanctorum chapel, portrait head of Jesus, [348] (cut)
  • S. Sebastiano, [36]
  • S. Sebastiano, in Pallara, [32]
  • Sistine Chapel, [25]
  • S. Stefano, [41], [178]
  • S. Stefano del Cacco, [97]
  • S. Stefano del Trullo, [99]
  • S. Sylvester, [38]
  • SS. Syxtus and Cæcilia, [118]
  • S. Teodoro, altar, [27]
  • S. Tommaso a' Cenci, [180]
  • S. Urbano alla Caffarella, [32], [292], [294] (cut)
  • S. Valentine, [164], [327]
    • the tombs in its cemetery, [323]
• Ciborio della santa lancia, [243]
• Cippus of Agrippina the Elder, [184] (cut)
• Circus of Nero and Caligula, [127]
• Clemens, Flavius, martyr, [3], [6], [7]
• Clement VIII., [150]
• Clement index., [37]
• Clement XI., [48]
• Clement XIII., [48]
  • his tomb by Canova, [249], [250] (plate)
  • and the suppression of the Jesuits, [252]
• Clivus Rutarius, [270]
• Cocumelle, [172]
• Coliseum, Christian churches on the site of, [161]
• Colonnas, banished from Rome, [179]
• Columbaria, [256]
  • the cost of loculi, [257]
  • the three kinds of columbaria, [257]
  • that on the Via Latina owned by shareholders, [258]
  • the loculi drawn by lot, [259]
  • interior, 260 (plate)
• Columbus, Christopher, birthplace of, [245] n.
• Column of Antoninus, bas-reliefs, [170], [171] (cuts)
• Commodus, [313]
• Concordia Sagittaria, its cemetery, [323]
• Constantia, S., her mausoleum, [199]
• Constantine, Emperor, [50]
  • date of his profession of Christianity, [21]
  • relation to his pagan subjects, [22]
  • builds a basilica over the tomb of Peter, [132]
  • his cross on S. Peter's tomb seen in 1594, [149]
  • the memorial chapel of his victory over Maxentius, [163]
  • the battle (front.)
  • statue of, [164] (cut)
  • discovery of his sarcophagus in 1458, [202]
  • the edict of Milan, [314]
• Consul suffectus, [10] n.
• Convent of the Visitation, [71] n.
• Cornelii, their family vaults, [218]
• Cornelius, Pope, his tomb, [215] (cut), [218] (plate)
  • portrait, [219] (cut)
• Cortile di S. Damaso, [121]
• Crassus Frugi, M. Licinius, [277]
• Cremation, introduced in the 5th century of Rome, [255]
  • the ustrinum on the Appian Way, [256]
• Crescentius de Theodora, [234]
• Crispina, Bruttia, Empress, [10]
• Cross of Henry IV. of France, [36]
• Crosses, monumental, [35]
• Crows, a platform dedicated to, [268]
• Cups, [43]
• Cybele, [27]
• Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, [217]
• Cyril, S., fresco showing the translation of his remains, [32] (plate)

• Damasus, Pope, [139], [217], [219]
  • his aqueduct, [121]
  • built an oratory to the memory of Simplicius and Faustinus, [333]
• Decursiones, [171]
• Demetrius, [116]
• Dentists, inscriptions from the tombs of, [353] (cuts)
• Destruction of Roman monuments in the Middle Ages, [8], [53], [66], [87], [90], [98], [103], [113], [136], [137], [143], [155], [156], [177], [182], [185], [195], [202], [233], [237], [256], [269], [286], [301], [320], [324], [329]
• Diocletian, persecution of the Christians, [314]
• Diplomata, [91]
• Discoveries. See Excavations and discoveries
• Doll, found in the sarcophagus of Crepereia Tryphæna, [305]
• Domitian, [5], [6], [281]
  • dedicates the Ara Incendii Neroniani, [84]
  • his birthplace, [193]
  • his death, [193]
• Domitilla Flavia, [10]
  • her villa, [335]
  • the catacombs on her estate, [336]
  • her family and relationship, [337]
• Domitillæ, [3]
• Donatists, [21]
• Donnus I., Pope, [271]
• Drinking cups, [43]

• Egeria, grotto of, [293]
• Egyptian art, specimens found near the Iseum, [92]
  • its influence in Rome, [239]
• Elagabalus, included Christ among the other gods, [13]
  • his extravagances, [131]
• Episcopus, a municipal officer, [12]
• Epitaphs, [261], [262]
  • on the tombs of the Popes in S. Peter's, [222]
  • on Pope Sylvester II., [237]
  • imprecations expressed in, [262], [317]
  • of Pompeius Magnus Crassi f., [279]
  • of Q. Sulpicius Maximus, [282]
  • of Julia Prisca, [300]
  • of a pilgrim from Thrace, [328]
  • of Aurelius Theophilus, [355]
• Eugenius IV., Pope, [92], [138]
• Eupor, Fabius, [310]
• Excavations and discoveries, in the Campus Martius, [98]
  • in 1374, obelisk of the Piazza della Rotonda, [92]
  • in 1435, Egyptian lions, [92]
  • in 1440, figure of a river-god, [93]
  • in 1458, sarcophagus of Constantine, [202]
  • cir. 1480, temple of Hercules, 69:
  • in 1485, the long-buried body of a woman near the Casale Rotondo, [295], [298] (cut)
  • in 1519, in S. Peter's, [202]
  • in 1527, the mausoleum of Augustus, [182]
  • in 1544, the tomb of Maria in S. Peter's, [203]
  • in 1546, the Baths of Caracalla, [249]
  • in 1549, the temple of Augustus, [103]
  • in 1554, the Ara Pacis Augustæ, [82]
  • in 1556, statue of Oceanus, [93]
  • in 1555, house of Pomponius Atticus, [191]
  • in 1578, in the Catacombs, [328]
  • in 1588, fragments of a Laocoön under S. Pudentiana, [113]
  • in 1594, the grave of S. Peter, [150]
  • in 1599, on the Via Latina, [258]
  • in 1614-16, in S. Peter's, [129]
  • in 1660, on the site of the Villa Pamfili-Doria, [269]
  • in 1695-1741, in the Naro vineyard, [276]
  • in 1713-17, in the Catacombs, [330]
  • in 1719, an Isiac altar, [93]
    • Egyptian antiquities, [96]
  • in 1776, near church of S. Prisca, [111]
  • in 1777, the ustrinum under the Corso, [182]
  • in 1780, remains of the temple of Jupiter Maximus, [89]
  • in 1793, in the Via di S. Lucia in Selci, [206]
  • in 1810, silver near Civita Castellana, [207]
  • in 1817, the temple of Concord, [53]
  • in 1817-22, remains of the villa Amaranthiana, by the Duchess of Chablais, [335]
  • in 1820, altar of Aius Locutius, [71]
  • in 1821, at Parma, [207]
  • in 1849-52, near the Appian Way, [215]
  • in 1851, the fresco of the Saviour in the Catacomb ad Duas Lauros, [356]
  • in 1858, Egyptian sculptures, [93]
  • in 1859, the Ara Pacis Augustæ, [82]
    • five capitals in the Via di S. Ignazio, [93]
  • in 1862, sarcophagus of Licentius, [14]
    • temple of Hercules, [59]
  • in 1864, a schola of the citizens of Serræ, [41]
  • in 1867, foundations of a memorial chapel to S. Paul, [156]
    • in the cemetery of Callindextus, [318]
    • in the cemetery of Generosa, [332]
  • in 1869, the altar of Roma Quadrata, [71]
  • in 1871, inventory of gifts in the temple of Diana Nemorensis, [54]
  • in 1875, temple of Jupiter Maximus, [85]
    • coins of Nero, under the abbey of the Tre Fontane, [157]
  • in 1876, favissæ of the temple of Hercules, [59]
  • in 1877, coins at Belinzago, [208]
  • in 1878, remains of the temple of Neptune, [99]
  • in 1879, fragments of a bedstead (?) on the Esquiline, [208]
  • in 1880-82, in the Catacombs ad Duas Lauros, [354]
  • in 1881, shrine of Semo Sancus, [105]
  • in the catacombs of Domitilla, [342]
  • in 1883, mensæ ponderariæ, at Tivoli, [40]
  • Egyptian remains from the temple of Isis, [92], [94]
  • in 1884, house of Vegetus, [192]
  • in the Via di Porta Salaria, [276]
  • in 1885, temple of Diana Nemorensis, by Lord Savile, [59]
  • in the Villa Bertone, [283]
  • in 1886, a stonecutter's house, under the Palazzo della Banca Naz., [240]
  • in 1886-87, altar of Dis and Proserpina, [75]
  • in 1887, on the Corso d' Italia, [276]
  • in 1888, crypt of the Acilii Glabriones, [4], [8]
  • in 1889, ex-votos at Veii, by the Empress of Brazil, [65]
  • under the new Halls of Justice, [301]
  • in 1890, inscriptions describing the Secular games, [73]
• Exedræ, [42]
• Ex-votos, found on the sites of temples, [58]
  • anatomical specimens, [62]
  • shops for the sale of, [62]
  • deposits found near the Tiber, [62]

• Faliscan Museum, [354]
• Farnesina gardens, house discovered in, [263], [264] (plate)
• Favissæ, [58]
• Flavians, the members of the family who became Christians, [337]
  • their crypt in the Catacombs of Domitilla, [316] (cut), [330], [336]
• Flowers, feasts of, in ancient times, [49]
• Fortunatus, S., [360]
• Forum Julium, [54]
  • Romanum, Caligula's bridge, 101 Olitorium, [5]
  • Trajanum, the earth taken from it placed over the cemetery of the Via Salaria, [284]
• Foundation of a city, ceremonies of, [70]
• Fountain, in the atrium of S. Peter's, [135], [136] (cut)
  • in front of S. Paolo, [155]
• Frescos. See Paintings
• Funeral ceremonies and memorial feasts, [117], [171].
  • See also Burial
• Funerary banquets, [42]
• Funeraticia collegia, [116]
• Furnilla, Marcia, wife of Titus, [207]
  • statue (plate)

• Gauls, their invasion foretold by a mysterious voice, [72]
• Genesius, S., [360]
• Germano, Padre, [158]
• Geta, remains of his mausoleum, [196] (cut)
• Giardino delle Tre Pile, [101]
• Glabrio, Manius Acilius, consul a. d 91, [5]
  • his martyrdom, [6]
• Glabriones, Acilii, discovery of their burial place, [4]
  • history of the family, [5]
• Gods, the name and sex of those little known, seldom mentioned, [72]
• Goths, their pillage of the Catacombs, [324]
• Græcina, Pomponia, a Christian convert, [9]
• Graffiti, evidence on the position of the church, [12]
  • in the catacombs, [42], [219], [327], [356]
• Granaries, [44]
  • belonging to the church, [46]
  • the grain sold by Pope Sabinianus, [47]
  • the institution long survived, [48]
  • the granary at Ostia, [47] (cut)
• Great litany, [165]
• Greek language used by the church, [216]
• Gregorian chant, [229]
• Gregorovius, Ferdinand, [213]
• Gregory I. (the Great), [47]
  • his tomb, [221], [223]
  • statue of, [225] (cut)
  • his work, [228]
  • the monastery founded by him, [229], [230]
  • in the basilica of Nereus and Achilleus, [345]
• Gregory XIII., Pope, [48]
• Grimaldi, [122]

• Hadrian, Emperor, [49], [99]
  • attitude toward Christianity, [11]
• Hadrian's Mole, and apartments built by Paul III., [247]
• Hair, restoration of, ascribed to Minerva, [63]
• Haran, or Charan, [355]
• Helena, tomb of, [197] (cut), [198] (plate)
• Henry IV. of France, column of, [36]
• Hercules, [104]
  • labors of, [25]
  • bronze statue of, [69]
• Hermes Trismegistos, [25]
• Hermione, Claudia, her tomb, [129]
• Herod, King, profaned the tomb of David, [205]
• Herodes Atticus. See Atticus
• Hierones, [67]
• Hippolytus, statue of, [141], [143] (cut)
• Hispellum, temple dedicated to Constantine, [22]
• Honorius I., Pope, [137]
• Horace, the Carmen Sæculare, [78], [81]
• Horrea publica, [44]
  • advertisement for leasing and regulations for use found, [45]
• House of a patrician, discovered in the Farnesina gardens, [263] (cut)

• Improvvisatori, [281], [283]
• Innocent VIII., Pope, his tomb, [145], [242] (plate)
• Inscription, to Acilius Glabrio (cut), [4]
  • to Pomponius, [9]
  • found near Porta del Popolo in 1877, [15] (cut)
  • to M. Anneus Paulus Petrus, [16] (cut)
  • to Publia Ælia Proba, [19]
  • to Petro Lilluti Paulo, [18] n.
  • on arch of Constantine, [20]
  • on the pyramid of Louis XIV., [36]
  • on the column of Henry IV., [37] n.
  • in baths of the churches of SS. Sylvester and Martin, [38]
  • in temple of Hercules Tivoli, [40]
  • on pagan tombs relating to libations, [42]
  • inventory of works of art in the temple of Diana Nemorensis, [55]
  • tariff for sacrifices, [57]
  • mentioning the Roma Quadrata, [71]
  • altar of Aius Locutius, [72]
  • to the Genius of Rome, [72]
  • descriptive of the Ludi Sæculares, [73], [79] (text in appendindex)
  • of the Ara Incendii Neroniani, [84]
  • on the foundation walls of the temple of Jupiter, [88]
  • pedestal of statue of Semo Sancus, [106]
  • on the label of a dog's collar, [153]
  • S. Paul's tombstone, [157] (cut)
  • spurious inscriptions, [301]
  • the immense number that have been lost, [320]
  • military inscriptions, from the Prætorian camp, [351]
  • See, also, Epitaphs Graffiti
• Iseum. See Temple of Isis
• Isis, altar to, in church of Aracœli, [27]
  • statue of, [55]
• Italians, tolerant in matters of religion, [16]

• Januarius, S., his grave in the Catacombs, [322] (cut)
• Jerome, S., on the celebration of S. Peter's day, [44]
• Jesuits, expelled from Portugal, Spain, and France, [251]
• Jews, position in the Roman Empire, [12]
  • toleration enjoyed in Rome, [16], [309]
  • responsible for the first Christian persecution, [311]
• Johannipolis, [153]
• John III., Pope, [38]
• John VIII., Pope, builds the defences of S. Paolo, [154]
  • defeats the Saracens off Cape Circeo, [154]
• John X., Pope, death and burial, [235]
• Jubilee of 1350, [166]
• Julian the Apostate, [355]
• Jupiter, statue of, in Constantine, Algeria, [56]

• Labyrinths, in church pavements, [31]
• Lamps, ornamented with figure of the Good Shepherd, [18] (cut)
  • found in the Catacombs, [218]
• Lance, Holy, story of, [243]
• Laocoön, fragments found under the church of S. Pudentiana, [113]
• Lateran museum, [141]
• Lateran palace, its early occupation by the Church, [21]
• Leo I. (the Great), 155 his tomb, [223]
• Leo IV., Pope, [137]
• Leo X., Pope, [93]
• Leto, Pomponio, his academy, [359]
• Licentius, a pupil of S. Augustine, his career, [14]
  • his tomb discovered, [14]
• Licinianus, Calpurnius, [278]
• Licinii Calpurnii, their tomb, [276]
  • their history, [277]
• Linus, the successor of Peter and Paul, [125]
  • his tomb discovered, [130]
• Lipsanotheca, [166]
• Locanda della Gaiffa, [181]
• Loretto, Santa Casa, [25]
• Louis XIV., pyramid of, in Rome, [36]
• Love-feasts, [42]
• Lucca, Cathedral, [31]
• Lucina, a Christian matron, [9]
• Ludi sæculares. See Secular games
• Ludi Tarentini, [75]
• Luke, cardinal, his tomb, [159]

• Mamertine prison, [163]
• Map of Rome, the author's, [163] n.
• Marius, pillages the ruins of the Temple of Jupiter, [87]
• Mark, Pope, [50]
• Marriages, mindexed, in pagan Rome, [15]
  • Tertullian on, [15]
• Martial, Valerius, house of, [192]
• Martyrs, early, [3]
  • their alleged stupidity, [7]
  • stones said to be tied to the necks of, [39], [41]
  • love-feasts celebrated near their tombs, [42]
  • their tombs decorated with flowers, [49]
  • their burial and tombs, [119]
  • scene of the first martyrdoms, [127]
  • churches connected with their houses, [158]
  • their tombs in the Catacombs, [322]
  • their bodies translated from suburban cemeteries to the city, [325]
  • bas-relief representing an execution, [339] (cut)
• Mausolea. See Tombs
• Mellini, Pietro and Mario, [166]
• Memoriæ, [42]
• Messalina, [277]
• Meta, its signification lost, [128]
• Meta di Borgo, [27]
• Michael, archangel, summits of hills consecrated to, [226]
  • the statue on the mausoleum of Hadrian, [227], [228] (cut)
• Michelangelo, his first design for S. Peter's, [146]
• Military inscriptions from the Prætorian camp, [351]
• Military service of Christians under the Roman Empire, [18]
• Minerva in Christian art, [25]
  • honored as a restorer of hair, [63]
• Monastery of S. Alessio, [235]
  • of S. Andrew, [229], [230] (cut)
• Monte Mario, [165]
• Monte Testaccio, [181]
• Mosaics, in church of S. Paolo alle Tre Fontane, [25]
  • in church of S. Andrea, [29] (cut)
  • in church of S. Pudentiana, [113]
  • in S. Peter's, [139]
• Mundus muliebris, [204]
• Museo delle Terme, [268]
• Museums. See Capitoline, Lateran, Vatican
  • also dei Conservatori, under Palaces
• Music, religious, school of, established by Gregory, [229]

• Naples, church of the Olivetans, [25]
• Nemi, the site of a temple of Diana, [60] (cut)
• Neptunium. See Temple of Neptune, [99]
• Nereus and Achilleus, martyrs, [337]
• Nero, [127], [287]
  • relation to Christianity, [11]
  • deserted by the legions, [185]
  • head of, [186] (cut)
  • his flight and death, [187]
  • his funeral, [189]
  • his tomb, [189]
• Nerva, [177]
• Nicomachus Flavianus, attempt to restore paganism, [97]

• Oaths, [105]
• Obelisks, discovered in Rome, [92], [97], [172]
  • of Rameses the Great, discovered in 1883, [95]
• Oils, [218]
• Oratories, private, of the early Christians, [109]
• Orientation of churches, [120], [152]
• Orpheus, in Christian art, [23] (cut)
• Ossaria, [256]
• Ostia, imperial palace at, [25]
  • granary at, [47] (cut)
• Otho II., his tomb, [136]

• Pacuvius, [69]
• Pætus, Lucilius, tomb of, [283]
• Pagan rites and customs adopted by the Church, [23]
• Paintings, fresco in S. Clemente, translation of Cyril's remains, [32] (plate)
  • in a patrician house in the Farnesina gardens, [263], [264] (plate), [265] (cut)
  • in the Catacombs, discovered in 1714, [330]
  • in the Villa Amaranthiana, [335]
  • of the Saviour with SS. Paul and Peter in the Catacomb ad Duas Lauros, [356]
  • of the story of Jonah and the Symbolic Supper, [356], [357] (cut)
  • illustrations of the Gospel in the Catacombs, [358]
  • battle between Constantine and Maxentius, frontispiece
• Palaces: Albani del Drago, [30]
  • Altieri, [101]
  • Caffarelli, [85]
  • dei Conservatori, [30], [53], [77], [100], [185] (see also Capitoline museum)
  • Farnese, [100]
  • Fiano, [82]
  • Lateran (see Lateran)
  • Maraini, [280]
  • Moroni, [88]
  • Odescalchi, [100]
• Pammachius, [158]
• Pantheon, [56]
• Parenzo, Dalmatia, basilica of, [30]
• Paschal I., Pope, [326]
• Passion-plays in Rome, [181]
• Paul, the apostle, his friendship with Seneca, [17]
  • silver-gilt statue of, [26]
  • proofs of his death in Rome, [123]
  • position of his tomb, [151]
  • place of his execution, [156]
  • his grave and tombstone, [157] (cut)
  • portrait head, [212] (cut)
  • his liberty to preach in Rome, [311]
  • his friend Ampliatus, [343]
  • his body transferred temporarily to the Catacombs, [345]
• Paul, S., basilica of. See S. Paolo fuori le Mura, under Churches
• Paul and Peter, names on a pagan tomb, [16]
• Paul III., tomb, [245]
  • character, [246]
  • his patronage of art, [247]
  • his apartments on Hadrian's Mole, [247]
  • and Cellini, [247]
  • excavates the Baths of Caracalla, [249]
• Paul V., Pope, [48], [136], [144]
• Paulinus of Nola, [43]
  • his epistles to Licentius, [14]
• Pavements, basilica of Parenzo, [30]
• Pavia, Church of S. Michele Maggiore, [31]
• Pelagius II., Pope, [121]
• Pentecost, celebration of, [50]
• Perpetua, Acts of, [49]
• Persecution under Claudius, [310]
  • under Nero, [312]
  • under later emperors, [313]
  • under Diocletian, [314]
• Peter, S., celebration of the feast of, [43]
  • his presence in Rome proved by documents, [123]
  • by monumental evidence, [125]
  • the exact place of his execution determined, [127]
  • his tomb, [129]
  • his chair, [140] (cut)
  • the bronze statue, [141], [142] (cut)
  • his body probably still under the altar in his church, [148]
  • portrait head, [212] (cut)
  • his body transferred temporarily to the Catacombs, [345]
• Peter and Paul, houses connected with their stay in Rome, [110], [112]
• Petronilla, [3], [200]
  • her burial-place, [340]
  • represented in a fresco, 341 (cut)
  • not a daughter of S. Peter, [342]
• Phaon, Nero's flight to villa of, [186]
  • remains of villa of, [188] (map)
• Philip the Arab, Emperor, a Christian, [13]
• Philip the Younger, son of Philip the Arab, bust, [13] (cut)
• Piacenza, church of S. Sevino, [31]
  • votive tablet to Minerva found at, [63]
• Piazza di S. Maria Maggiore, [172], [182]
  • di Santa Maria in Trastevere, [220]
  • della Minerva, [95], [97]
  • del Pantheon, [95]
  • di Pietra, [99]
  • del Quirinale, [172]
  • della Rotonda, [92], [97]
  • della Stazione, [97]
  • di Termini, [48]
• Pilate, house of, [180]
• Pincian Hill, palace of the Acilii Glabriones, [5]
• Piso Frugi Licinianus, L. Calpurnius, [277]
• Platorinus, C. Sulpicius, his tomb, [265], [268] (plate)
• Poetical contests on the Capitol, [282]
• Polla, Lucilia, tomb of, [283]
• Polla, Minasia, [267] (plate)
• Pompeius Magnus, son of Licinius Crassus, [277]
  • his epitaph, [279]
• Pomponius Lætus, [246]
  • his academy, [359]
• Ponderaria, in churches, [39]
• Pons Vaticanus, [126]
• Ponte Nomentano, [187] (cut)
• Pontius, Bishop, [167]
• Popes, their portraits in the basilicas of Rome, [209]
  • their tombs, [213]
• Porta Sanqualis, [104]
• Portico of the Argonauts, [99]
  • of church of S. Paolo, [156]
  • of the Danaids, [71], [80]
• Poseidonion. See Temple of Neptune
• Præsens, Bruttius, [10]
• "Preaching of Peter," [124]
• Priscilla, wife of Abascantus, tomb of, [300]
• Pudens, [110]
  • his house, [112], [114] (cut), [115] (cut)
• Pudens, L. Valerius, [282]
• Pyramids on the Via Triumphalis, [271]

• Quadragesima Sunday, [50]
• Quietus, Postumius, [9]
• Quindecemviri, call for the celebration of the Secular games, [75]

• Ravenna, church of S. Vitale, [31]
• Regilla, Annia, wife of Herodes Atticus, [290]
  • her supposed tomb, [291] (cut)
• Renaissance, the interest in archæology, [101]
• Renzo di Maitano, [32]
• Rhodismos, [49]
• Ricci, Lorenzo, [252]
• Rienzi, [155]
  • his funeral pyre, [179]
  • his birthplace, [180]
• Robigalia, [165]
• Roma Quadrata, [70]
• Rome, its transformation to a Christian city, [1]
  • early Christian buildings, [3]
  • the freedom enjoyed by the church, [11]
  • the change gradual, [19]
  • evidences of it, [20]
  • artistic feeling among the lower classes, [32]
  • substitution of chapels and shrines for the aræ compitales, [33]
  • monumental crosses, [35]
  • warehouses, [44]
  • the calamities of the year 605, [46]
  • pagan shrines and temples, [51]
  • capture by the Gauls, b. c 390, [73]
  • the conflagration under Nero, [83]
  • occupation by the Saracens in 846, [149]
  • the author's archæological map of, [163] n.
  • population under Augustus, [175]
  • public improvements in his time, [176]
  • the city in the time of Gregory the Great, [226]
  • the charming surroundings of the city, [286]
  • the invasions of the Goths in the 5th and 6th centuries, [324]
  • the itineraries of pilgrims, [327]
• Rosaria, [48]
• Rosationes, [49]
• Rose, symbolism of, [49]
  • the golden rose of Quadragesima Sunday, [50]
• Rossi, De, discovers the crypt of the Acilii Glabriones, [4]
  • discovers tomb of Cornelius, [215]
  • discovers a fresco in the Catacomb ad Duas Lauros, [356]
• Rousalia, [49]
• Rues de Jerusalem, [31]
• Rusalky, [49]
• Rusticus, Junius, [40]

• Sabinianus, Pope, sold the grain in the church's granaries, [47]
• Sabinus, Flavius, [337]
• Sacellum Sanci, [104]
• Sacrifices, right to perform, granted to civilians, [57]
  • tariff for, [57]
• Saint-Omer, church at, labyrinth, [31]
• Sallust, gardens of, [276]
• Sancus, worship of, [104]
• Sannazzaro, tomb of, [25]
• Saracens in Rome, in 846, [149]
  • defeated off Cape Circeo, by John VIII., [154]
• Sarcophagi of the Calpurnii, [279], [280] (cut)
  • from the cemetery of Cyriaca, [352]
• Sarcophagus, of the empress Helena, [198] (plate)
  • of S. Constantia, [198]
• Saturus, martyr, [49]
• Scholæ, [42], [116]
  • that of the citizens of Serræ, [41]
  • that above the Catacombs of Callindextus, [117], [118] (plan)
  • transformation of the schola to the church, [118]
• Scirtus, charioteer, [260]
• Seasons, the four, in Christian art, [25]
• Secular games, the inscription describing them found in 1890, [73] (cut)
  • origin of the games, [74]
  • their celebration under Augustus, [78]-[82]
• Semo Sancus, worship of, [104] statue, [105] (cut)
• Senate, resolutions relating to the Secular games, [80]
• Senate house, [163]
• Seneca, his friendship for Paul, [17]
• Septimius Severus, [12]
• Sergius II., Pope, [149]
• Serræ, citizens of, their banqueting-hall, [41]
• Severus Alexander, relation to Christianity 11, [13]
• Shoemakers, [274]
• Shrines, in Rome, [33]
  • of Semo Sancus, [104]
  • See also Altars
• Sibyls in Christian art, [24]
• Siena, Duomo, [25], [32]
• Silvio Antoniano, an improvvisatore, [283]
• Simon the Magician, confused with Semo Sancus, [104], [161]
• Simplicius and Faustinus, martyrs, [332]
  • their bodies translated to S. Biviana, [333]
• Siricius, Pope, [112], [152]
• Sindextus II., Pope, [117]
• Sindextus V., Pope, the dome of St. Peter's, [146]
• Skeletons found in tombs, [273], [286]
• Solomon, Judgment of, represented in a Roman tomb, [270], [271] (cut)
• Sponges, found in tombs, [303] n.
• Statues, their immense number in ancient Rome, [52]
  • those of gods commonly loaded with ornaments, [55]
  • Egyptian statues, found in Rome, [93]
• ---- to Acilius Glabrio, [5]
  • of Antinous, [240], [241] (cut)
  • of Constantine, [164] (cut)
  • of Gregory the Great, [225] (cut)
  • of Hercules, [69]
  • of Hippolytus, [141], [143] (cut)
  • of Isis, [55]
  • of Jupiter, [56]
  • of Marcia Furnilla, [267]
  • of S. Paul, [26]
  • of S. Peter, [141], [142] (cut)
  • of Semo Sancus, [105] (cut)
  • the sphinx of Amasis, [94] (cut)
  • of Tiberius, [268]
  • of Vortumnus, [104]
• Stephen III., Pope, [48]
• Street-shrines in Rome, [33]
• Streets (ancient): Alta Semita, [190], [191] (cut)
  • Clivus Suburanus, [35]
  • Vicus Apollinis, [82]
  • Vicus Sobrius, [35]
  • See also Via
• Streets (modern): Bocca della Verità, [181]
  • Borgo Nuovo, [271]
  • Coronari, [35]
  • Corso, [180], [182]
  • Corso d' Italia, [276]
  • Corso Vittorio Emanuele, [75], [78]
  • Ferratella, [293]
  • SS. Giovanni e Paolo, [229]
  • S. Ignazio, [92], [94]
  • S. Lucia in Selci, [35]
  • Marmorata, [181]
  • Minerva Medica, [62]
  • Porta S. Paolo, [181]
  • Quattro Cantoni, [35]
  • Quirinale-Venti Settembre, [190]
  • Salara, [181]
  • Strada di Monte Mario, [127]
  • Vigne Nuove, [188]
• Sublician bridge, [33]
• Sulla, reconstructed the Capitolium, [87]
  • his body burned, [253]
• Sulpicius Maximus, Q., his tomb, [280], [282] (plate)
  • his story, [281]
• Sutores, [274]
• Sylvester I., [221]
• Sylvester II., his tomb, [236]
• Symmachus, Pope, [37], [135]
• Syringes, [321]

• Tablinum, [114]
• Tabularium, [53]
• Tarpeian Rock, [89]
• Tempietto del Bramante, [128]
• Temples, standards of weights and measures kept in, [40], [51]
  • the art treasures collected in them, [52]
  • commonly ornamented with hangings, etc., [56]
  • evidence obtained from their vaults or favissæ, [58]
  • invariably turned into Christian churches, 160.
    • of Æsculapius, [62]
    • the stern of the ship, [61] (cut)
  • of Antoninus and Faustina, [163]
  • of Apollo, [56], [71]
    • its treasures of art, [52]
  • Augusteum at Aneyra, [173]
  • of Augustus, [101], [163]
    • its position determined, [102]
    • plan and sketch, [103] (cut)
  • of Bacchus (so called), [199] (cut)
  • of Ceres and Faustina, [292], [294] (cut)
  • of Claudius, [160]
  • of Concord, [53] (cut), [163]
  • of Diana, [70]
  • of Diana Nemorensis, [59]
    • an inventory of its works of art discovered, [54]
  • of the God Rediculus, [291] (cut)
  • of Health, [69]
  • of Hercules, [69]
  • of Hercules, near Porta S. Lorenzo, [59]
  • of Isis and Serapis, [92]
    • excavations in 1883, [96]
    • history and extent of the temple, [96]
    • its final destruction, [98]
  • of Janus Quadrifrons, [163]
  • of Juno, at Veii, [64]
    • enormous number of ex-votos, [64], [67]
    • excavations by Cardinal Chigi, [65]
    • by the Empress of Brazil, [66]
  • of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, [56], [80], [84]
    • literature, [84] n.
    • architecture of the old temple, [86]
    • destroyed by fire, [86]
    • its restorations, [87]
    • its platform and foundation walls, [87], [88] (cut)
    • plan, 86 (plate)
    • early notices of its remains, [89]
    • plundered by the Vandals, [90]
    • represented in pictorial reliefs, [90] (plate)
    • public acts, etc., posted here, [91]
  • of Jupiter Tonans, [80]
  • of Malakbelos, [57]
  • of Minerva Medica, [62]
  • of Neptune, [99], [161]
    • its bas-reliefs, [100] (cut)
  • of Peace, [56]
  • of Piety, [5]
  • Sacræ Urbis, [28] (cut), [162]
  • of the Sibyl at Tivoli, [161]
  • of Venus, [161]
  • of Venus and Rome, [56]
• Terebinth of Nero, [27]
• Terentum, the pool, [74]
• Thebes, the tombs of the kings, [321]
• Theresa, Empress of Brazil, excavations at Veii, [65], [66]
• Tiber, ex-votos probably to be found in, [62]
• Tiberius, Emp., [11], [96]
  • statue, [268]
• Tiles of the roof of S. Peter's, [139]
• Tivoli, mensæ ponderariæ found at, [40]
  • temple of the Sibyl, [161]
• Toilet-box, in the sarcophagus of Crepereia Tryphæna, [303]
• Tombs of Christians of high rank in Rome, [10]
  • of Christian prætorians, [18]
  • inscriptions on, [42], [261]
  • the word meta applied to, [128]
  • discovered in 1614-[16], in the vicinity of S. Peter's, [129]
  • occasion of their destruction, [131]
  • in S. Peter's, [145]
  • of Christian emperors, [196], [200] (cut)
  • of the popes, [213]
  • the pontifical crypt, [269]
  • cost, [257]
  • the immense number surrounding the city, [260]
  • on the Via Aurelia, [262]
  • near the Villa Pamfili-Doria, [269]
  • on the Via Triumphalis, [270]
  • on the Via Salaria, [275]
  • their inviolability under Roman law, [307]
  • the early Christian tombs not concealed, [315]
  • See also, Burial Catacombs Cemeteries Sarcophagi
• ---- of Ampliatus, [342]
  • of M. Anneus Paulus Petrus, [16]
  • of Annia Regilla, [291] (cut)
  • of Augustus, [172], [177], [179], [181]
  • of Benedict VII., [234]
  • of Ceadwalla, [232]
  • of Claudia Ecloge, [190]
  • of Clement XIII., [249], [250] (plate)
  • of S. Constantia, [198], [199] (cut)
  • of Pope Cornelius, [215] (cut), [218] (plate)
  • of Crepereia Tryphæna, [302] (plate)
  • of the Flavians, [190], [316] (cut), [338]
  • of Geta, [196] (cut)
  • of Gregory the Great, [221], [223]
  • of Hadrian, [227], [228] (cut)
  • of Helena, mother of Constantine, at Torre Pignattara, [197] (cut)
  • of Helius, the shoemaker, [273], [274] (cut)
  • of other shoemakers, [275]
  • of the horse of Lucius Verus, [272]
  • of Innocent VIII., [242] (plate)
  • of Leo the Great, [223]
  • of Licentius, [14]
  • of the Licinii Calpurnii, [276]
  • of Linus, [130]
  • of Lucilia Polla, [283]
    • its vicissitudes, [284]
  • of Luke, card. of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, [159]
  • of Maria, wife of Honorius, [203]
  • of Nero, [189]
  • of kings Offa of Essex and Coenred of Mercia, [233]
  • of Otho II., [136]
  • of S. Paul, [157]
  • of Paul III., [245], [246] (plate)
  • of S. Peter, [129]
  • of Sannazzaro, [25]
  • of Q. Sulpicius Maximus, [280], [282] (plate)
  • of Sulpicius Platorinus, [265], [268] (plate)
  • of Silvester II., [236]
  • of Urban VI., [146]
• Torre Marancia, [335]
• Torre Pignattara, [197] (cut)
• Totila, siege of, a. d. 546, [46]
• Trajan, instructions in regard to the persecution of Christians, [313]
• Triopium, [290]
• Tryphæna, Crepereia, her tomb discovered in 1889, [302]
  • objects found in the sarcophagus, [303]
• Tubilustrium, [275]
• Tulliola, daughter of Cicero, [300] (plate)
• Tusculum, Roman expedition against, [177]

• Urania, daughter of Herodes Atticus, [9]
• Urban VI., Pope, desecration of his tomb, [146]
• Urbino, Sphæristerion, [97]
• Urns, cinerary, [266]
• Ustrinum of the imperial family, [170]
  • unearthed in 1777, [182]
  • cippi in, [184]
  • on the Appian Way, [255]

• Val d' Inferno, [287]
• Valle della Caffarella, [286]
• Valle dei Morti, [178]
• Vases, found in the tomb of Maria, [205]
• Vassalectus, an inscription of, [238] (cut)
  • candelabrum and other works, [239] (cut)
• Vatican district, its early topography, [127]
• Vatican museum, [26], [93], [105], [106], [182], [185], [198]
• Vedjovis, shrine of, [85]
• Vegetus, Valerius, house of, [192]
• Veii, its capture by Camillus, [64]
  • site of a temple of Juno, [65] (cut)
• Verus, Lucius, tomb of his horse, [272]
• Vestal virgins, [33], [81]
• Via Appia, [172], [215]
  • its tombs, [286] (plate)
  • the body of a girl discovered in 1485, [295], [298] (cut)
  • ---- Ardeatina, [315]
  • ---- Aurelia, tombs on, [262]
  • ---- Clodia, [127]
  • ---- Cornelia, [127], [128]
  • ---- Labicana, [172], [354]
  • ---- Latina, [116], [178]
  • ---- Merulana, [62]
  • Nomentana, [188], [197]
  • ---- Ostiensis, [150], [151]
  • ---- Sacra, [82], [161]
  • ---- Salaria, [4] (map), [7], [172], [221]
  • tombs on, [275]
  • ---- Triumphalis, [127]
  • tombs on, [270]
• Via Dolorosa of Jerusalem, imitated at Rome, [181]
• Viatrindex, S., [334] (cut)
• Victor, S., Pomponio's academy placed under his patronage, [359]
• Vigilius, Pope, [46]
  • repaired the damages done by the Goths in the Catacombs, [325]
• Vigna Barberini, [162]
• Vigne Nuove, [287]
• Villa Amaranthiana, [335]
  • Aniciana, [116]
  • Fonseca, [293]
  • Madama, [165]
  • Mattei von Hoffman, [92], [97], [293]
  • Medici, [83], [89]
  • Pamfili-Doria, [269]
  • di Papa Giulio, [254]
  • of Phaon, [188] (map)
• Virgin, immagine di Ponte, [35]
• Volesus, founds the Ludi Tarentini, [74]
• Volkanalia, [84]
• Vortumnus, [104]
• Votive head, to Minerva, [63] (cut)
• Votive offerings. See Ex-votos

• Warehouses, [44]
• Wedding presents, of Maria, wife of Honorius, [204]
  • of Projecta, wife of Turcius Asterius Secundus, [206]
• Wilpert, Joseph, his skill in tracing old paintings, [358]
  • Xerxes and the battle of Salamis, [289]