Notes
Chapter One
Early Middle Ages: Latin Hymns of The Fourth Century
[1.] Jerome, Liber de viris illustribus, 100 (MPL 23, 699).
[2.] Hilarius autem, Gallus episcopus Pictaviensis, eloquentia conspicuus, hymnorum carmine floruit primus. De ecclesiasticis officiis 1, 6 (MPL 83, 743).
[3.] W. N. Myers, The Hymns of Saint Hilary of Poitiers in the Codex Aretinus (Phila., Un. of Penn., 1928) 12, 29, 53, 67. For a discussion of other hymns attributed to Hilary, see p. 14; also A. S. Walpole, Early Latin Hymns (Cambridge, 1922) 1-4. Translations by W. N. Myers.
[4.] Antiphonary of Bangor, edited by F. E. Warren, Henry Bradshaw Society Publications, vols. 4, 10 (London, 1893, 1895). For discussion of authorship see vol. 10, 36.
[5.] Or perhaps Treves.
[6.] Augustine, Confessions 9, 7 (MPL 32, 770). Translation from Confessions of S. Augustine, Ancient and Modern Library of Theol. Literature (London, 1886).
[7.] Translations of first lines: W. J. Copeland, C. Bigg, R. E. Messenger, J. M. Neale.
[8.] Translations of first lines: J. M. Neale, E. Caswall.
[9.] Translations of first lines: J. M. Neale, H. M. Jones, R. E. Messenger, S. Hurlbut.
[10.] Myers, op. cit. (see [note 3]) 18-22.
[11.] G. Reese, Music in the Middle Ages (New York, 1940) 104.
[12.] Caelius Sedulius, 5th C., an early imitator of Ambrose, wrote a well-known alphabetic hymn, A solis ortus cardine.
Chapter Two
Early Middle Ages: The Old Hymnal
[1.] Regula Sancti Benedicti, IX.
[2.] P. Batiffol, Historie du Breviare romain, translated by A. M. Y. Bayley (London, 1912), chap. I.
[3.] Dom A. Wilmart, “Le Psautier de la Reine,” (Cod. Vat. Reg. II), Revue Benedictine XXVIII (1911) 376 ff.
[4.] Walpole, Early Latin Hymns, ([ch. 1, note 3]), xi-xiv.
[5.] Laodicea, c. 364, Canon 59. See G. D. Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum—collectio (Florence, Venet. et Par., 1763) ii, 573; Braga, 563, Mansi ix, 778.
[6.] H. F. Muller, “Pre-History of the Medieval Drama,” Zeitschrift f. romanische Philologie 44 (1924) 544-575.
[7.] Tours, 567, Mansi xiv, 803.
[8.] H. Heimbucher, Die Orden und Kongregationen der katholischen Kirche, 3 vols. (Paderborn, 1907) vol. I, 224-236, Ausbreitung der Benediktinerregel.
[9.] F. H. Dudden, Gregory the Great (London, 1905), 2 vols., II, chap. 8.
[10.] See A. H. (Analecta Hymnica Medii Aevi) 51.24-41, notes. The hymns excepted are nos. 23-30; 34-40; J. Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology. Gregory I., St., Pope; C. Blume, “Gregor der Grosse als Hymnendichter,” Stimmen aus Maria-Laach, 1908, 269 ff.
[11.] H. LeClercq, L’Espagne chrétienne (Paris, 1906) 304-5.
[12.] Migne, PL 80, 642-700, Braulio’s Letters.
[13.] IV Council of Toledo, 633, Canon 2, Mansi x, 616; Canon 13, Mansi x, 622-3. Sicut igitur orationes, ita et hymnos in laudem Dei compositos, nullus vestrum ulterius improbet, sed pari modo Gallia, Hispaniaque celebret: excommunicatione plectendi, qui hymnos rejicere fuerint ausi.
[14.] See R. E. Messenger, “The Mozarabic Hymnal,” TAPhA 75 (1944) 103-126.
[15.] The Irish Liber Hymnorum, edited by J. H. Bernard and R. Atkinson, Henry Bradshaw Soc. Pub. 13, 14 (London, 1897, 1898), 14, 23-6.
[16.] Antiphonary of Bangor, chap. I, note 4; for history of the manuscript now in the Ambrosian Library at Milan, p. xii-xiii.
[17.] Translations of first lines, 1) J. M. Neale, 2), 3), 4) R. E. Messenger.
[18.] The Celtic hymns are edited in A. H. 51, Part II. See also J. F. Kenney, Sources for the Early History of Ireland, 2 vols. (New York, 1929) 252-3, 258-274, Hymns.
[19.] Translations of first lines in Summary by J. M. Neale except 2) C. Bigg, 7) G. R. Woodward.
[20.] C. W. Douglas, Church Music in History and Practice (New York, 1937) 168.
Chapter Three
The Ninth Century Revival: Hymns
[1.] J. M. Neale and G. H. Forbes, The Ancient Liturgies of the Gallican Church (Burntisland, 1855) p. v.
[2.] P. Jaffé, Regesta Pontificum Romanorum (Lipsiae, 1885-8) 2473 (1900).
[3.] Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum sectio, II, Capitularia Regum Francorum, I, Capitulare primum, 769; Capitulare Haristallense, 779; Admonitio generalis, 789; Synodus Franconofurtensis, 794; Epistola de litteris colendis, 780-800; Epistola generalis, 786-800; Capitulare missorum generale, 802; Capitularia missorum specialia, 802; Synodus et conventus aquisgrani habita, 802; Capitulare de examinandis ecclesiasticis, 802; Capitulare missorum, 803; Capitulare de causis etc., 811; Capitulare aquisgranense, 801-813; Capitulare cum episcopis etc., 780-790; Capitulare mantuanum primum, no date, p. 194; Pippini capitulare Italicum, 801-810.
[4.] MGH, Legum sectio, II, Capitularia Regum Francorum, I, Epistola generalis, no. 30, p. 80; P. Jaffé, Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum, vol. IV, Monumenta Carolina (Berlin, 1867) 139, 140.
[5.] Dom R. Van Doren, Étude sur l’influence musicale de l’abbaye de Saint-Gall (Louvain, 1925) ch. vi, Metz.
[6.] E. Mühlbacher, Deutsche Geschichte unter den Karolingern (Stuttgart, 1896) 211; Jaffé, Monumenta Carolina, 358ff.
[7.] E. Bishop, Liturgica Historica (Oxford, 1918) 49-55.
[8.] A. Fortescue, The Mass (London, 1914) 183.
[9.] In Monumenta Germaniae Historica—Poetarum latinorum medii aevi, vol. iv, edited by P. von Winterfeld (Berlin, 1923).
[10.] W. Turner, “Irish Teachers in the Carolingian Revival of Learning,” Cath. Un. Bulletin, XIII (Washington, 1907) 384-5; J. J. O’Kelly, Ireland: Elements of her Early Story (Dublin, 1921) ch. viii, Early Irish on the Continent.
[11.] Einhard, Vita Caroli, 21.
[12.] L. Gougaud, Gaelic Pioneers of Christianity, VI-XII Century (Dublin, 1923) 60-3. Translated by Victor Collins.
[13.] S. Singer, Die Dichterschule von St. Gallen (Leipzig, 1922) Introd. (by Peter Wagner) 11.
[14.] Turner, supra, 570; J. M. Clark, The Abbey of St. Gall as a Center of Literature and Art (Cambridge, 1926) 31.
[15.] Annales Laurissenses, anno 757 (MGH, SS, I, 140).
[16.] Jaffé, Regesta, 2346 (1799); Notker Balbulus, Epistolae (MPL, 131, 1172); Gesta Caroli, II, 7.
[17.] F. H. Dudden, Gregory the Great ([ch. 2, note 9]) I, ch. VI Gregory at Constantinople.
[18.] P. Wagner, “Morgen- und Abendland in der Musikgeschichte,” Stimmen der Zeit, Bd. 114 (1927) 138.
[19.] Clark, The Abbey of St. Gall etc., 112; C. Diehl, Manuel d’Art Byzantin (Paris, 1910) 359-360, 362-3; M. Hauttmann, Die Kunst des frühen Mittelalters (Berlin, 1929) 51-62; J. Strzygowski, Origin of Christian Church Art (Oxford, 1923) 84.
[20.] Anal. Hymn., 51, Introduction, xvii-xix; extended lists of the later Latin hymns appear in J. Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (London, 1925) 546, 547.
[21.] J. Mearns, Early Latin Hymnaries (Cambridge, 1913).
[22.] Walpole, Early Latin Hymns, ([ch. 1, note 3]) xi.
[23.] Walpole, ibid, xii; W. H. Frere, Introduction to Hymns Ancient and Modern Historical Edition (London, 1909); Wilmart, Le Psautier de la Reine etc., 362-3; F. J. E. Raby, Christian Latin Poetry (Oxford, 1927) 38-41. See also R. E. Messenger, “Whence the Ninth Century Hymnal?,” TAPhA 69 (1938) 446-464.
[24.] Gesta Caroli, I, 10; Einhard, Vita Caroli, edited by Garrod and Mowat (Oxford, 1915), Appendix, p. xxxvii.
[25.] Heimbucher, Die Orden und Congregationen etc., vol. I, 235, 237-9; Jahrbücher der deutschen Geschichte (Berlin & Leipzig, 1866-1902), Geschichte des Ostfrankischen Reichs, vol. II, 39, 42, 46.
[26.] Alcuin, De psalmorum usu (MPL, 101), Officia per ferias MPL, 101, Epistolae 84, 94, 164, 227 (MPL, 101): Rabanus Maurus, De clericis institutés, II, 49 (MPL, 107, 362): Amalarius of Metz, De officiis divinis (continuation) in J. Mabillon, Vetera Analecta (Paris, 1723) 99; Walafrid Strabo, De ecclesiasticarum rerum exordiis etc., ch. xxv (MPL, 114, 952ff.).
[27.] H. De Boor, Die deutsche Literatur 770-1170 (München, 1949) 21.
[28.] P. Batiffol, History of the Roman Breviary (London, 1912) 143-4.
[29.] Anal. Hymn. 51.
[30.] Translation of first line, J. M. Neale.
[31.] Dom P. B. Gams, Die Kirchengeschichte von Spanien (Regensburg, 1862-1879) II, Pt. 2, 302, 326-9; Z. García Villada, Historia eclesiástica de España (Madrid, 1929-36) V, 85.
[32.] De Urbel, “Los himnos mozárabes,” Revista ecles. Silos 58 (1927) 56-61.
[33.] E. Bishop, “Spanish Symptoms,” Liturgica Historica (Oxford, 1918) 168.
[34.] L. Wiener, Contributions toward a History of Arabico-Gothic Culture (New York, 1917-21) 101; H. G. Farmer, Historical Facts for the Arabian Musical Influence (London, 1930) 23.
[35.] Anal. Hymn. 51, Introduction.
Chapter Four
The Ninth Century Revival: Sequences
[1.] Fortescue, The Mass (See [ch. 3, note 8]) 268-9.
[2.] See Introduction to A. H. 53, by C. Blume and H. M. Bannister. This Introduction has been used as the basis for the discussion of sequence origins. Theories and opinions of others are noted from time to time.
[3.] W. H. Frere, Introduction to Hymns Ancient and Modern (See [ch. 3, note 23]) xxviii; P. Wagner, Introduction to Gregorian Melodies (London, 1907) 223, translation by Orme and Wyatt.
[4.] G. Reese, Music in the Middle Ages ([ch. 1, note 11]) passim. This book contains an excellent standard account of the musical aspect of the sequence.
[5.] G. Schnürer, Kirche und Kultur im Abendland (Paderborn, 1926) II, 88.
[6.] W. Christ, “Über die Bedeutung von Hirmos, etc.,” Sitzungberichte der kön. bay. Akad. der Wissenschaft zu München, II (1870) 89f.
[7.] A. Gastoué, “Les Types byzantins de la Sequence,” Tribune de Saint-Gervais, Dec. 1922, 1, 2.
[8.] Frere, Introduction, supra, xxiv.
[9.] L. Gautier, Histoire de la poésie liturgique au Moyen âge (Paris, 1886) 1.
[10.] A. Gastoué, “Les Origines liturgiques de la séquence,” Tribune de Saint-Gervais, June, 1922. See also Wetzer and Welte, Kirchenlexicon, Sequenzen: an important article.
[11.] Amalarius, De ecclesiasticis officiis, III, 16 (MPL, 105, 1123).
[12.] J. Ottenwälder, “Griechisch-byzantinische Einflüsse,” Theol. Quartalschr. XCVII (1915), 564-7.
[13.] Reese, Music in the Middle Ages, supra, 133.
[14.] S. Singer, Die Dichterschule von St. Gallen ([ch. 3, note 13]), Introduction, 14, 15.
[15.] The earliest manuscript is Antiphonale missarum S. Gregorii, codex 239 of Laon; see Paléographie musicale, X. A. Gastoué, Les Origines du Chant Romain (Paris, 1907) 250f.
[16.] Wetzer und Welte, supra, Sequenzen.
[17.] Frere, Introduction, supra, xxviii-xxix; Notker Balbulus, Liber sequentiarum, Praefatio (MPL, 131, 1003).
[18.] P. Wagner, “Morgen- und Abendland in der Musikgeschichte,” ([ch. 3, note 18]) 139; Schnürer, supra, II, 88.
[19.] Gastoué, “Les Types byzantins de la Séquence,” supra, 2.
[20.] W. Meyer, Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur mittellateinischen Rythmik (Berlin, 1908) 37.
[21.] P. Von Winterfeld, Stilfragen aus der lateinischen Dichtung des Mittelalters in Deutsche Dichter etc. (München, 1922) 442.
[22.] W. Meyer, supra, 41: “So ist die lyrische Dichtung des Mittelalters durchaus dem Kirchengesang neu geboren worden.”
[23.] E. Wellesz, Eastern Elements in Western Chant. Studies in the Early History of Ecclesiastical Music (Oxford, 1947) Pt. IV, ch. 1, Origin of sequences and tropes, an excellent summary of the subject as investigated to 1947.
[24.] Notker, supra, [note 17].
[25.] P. A. Schubiger, Die Sängerschule St. Gallens vom viii.-xii. Jahrhundert (Einsiedeln, 1858); W. Wilmanns, “Welche Sequenzen hat Notker verfasst?,” Zeitschrift f. deutsches Altertum, XV (1872) 267f.; J. Werner, Notkers Sequenzen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Lat. Sequenzendichtung (Aarau, 1901) III, IV; S. Singer, supra; Van Doren, ([ch. 3, note 5]) ch. 9; Clark, ([ch. 3, note 14]) 175. W. von den Steinen, Notker der Dichter und seine geistliche Welt, 2 vols. (Bern. 1948). This author reviews previous literature.
[26.] Ottenwälder, supra, 464-5.
[27.] They are Canopica, Styx, Phlegethon, sophia, herous, Myrmidonas, spermologos.
[28.] P. S. Allen, Romanesque Lyric (Un. of North Carolina Press, 1928) 66, 221, 222; Schnürer, supra, 89; Wellesz. supra, 165; W. B. Sedgwick, “Origin of Rhyme,” “Revue Bénédictine” XXXVI (1924), 341.
[29.] Several attractive illustrations of the modus may be found in Karl Breul’s edition of The Cambridge Songs (Cambridge, 1915).
[30.] Schnürer, supra, 89; R. Molitor, Die Musik in der Reichnau, reviewed in Jahrbuch f. Liturgiewissenschaft VI (1926) 331.
[31.] See [Chapter VII].
Chapter Five
Late Middle Ages: Hymns and Sequences
[1.] J. De Ghellinck, S. J., L’Essor de la Littérature Latine au XIIe Siècle, 2 vols. (Brussels, 1946) II, 285.
[2.] M. Hélin, History of Medieval Latin Literature (New York, 1949), translated by J. C. Snow from Littérature d’occident: Histoire des Lettres latines du Moyen Age, 79.
[3.] L. Gautier, Oeuvres poétiques d’Adam de Saint-Victor, 2 vols. (Paris, 1858-9); E. Misset et P. Aubry, Les Proses d’Adam de Saint-Victor (Paris, 1900).
[4.] Translations of first lines: R. Messenger, Anon, E. Caswall.
[5.] Translations of first lines: S. A. Hurlbut, R. Messenger.
[6.] A. H. 48. 141-232.
[7.] Translations of first lines: 1 and 2, H. Waddell; 3 and 5, E. Caswall; 4, R. Messenger.
[8.] Hélin, supra, 117.
[9.] P. Wagner, Introduction to the Gregorian Melodies ([ch. 4, note 3]) 241.
[10.] Translations of first lines: 1 and 4, R. A. Knox; 2, H. T. Henry; 3, W. J. Irons.
[11.] Translation of first line: R. Messenger.
[12.] R. E. Messenger, “Hymns and Sequences of the Sarum Use,” TAPhA, 59 (1928) 99-129.
[13.] E. Bishop, Liturgica Historica (Oxford, 1918) 211-37.
[14.] E. Hoskins, Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis etc. (London, 1901); H. Bohatta, Bibliographie des livres d’heures (Wien, 1924), 2nd edition.
[15.] R. E. Messenger, “Hymns in the Horae Eboracenses,” Classical Weekly, 38 (Jan., 1945) 90-5.
[16.] S. Singer, “Arabische und europäische Poesie im Mittelalter,” Zeitschrift f. deutsche Philologie, LII (April, 1927); K. Burdach, “Über den Ursprung des mittelalterichen Minnesangs, etc.” in Vorspiel I (Halle, 1925) 311; A. F. von Schack, Poesie und Kunst der Araber etc., 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1877) II, 101-5.
[17.] C. F. Brown, Religious Lyrics of the 14th Century (Oxford, 1924). Translations of William Herebert (d. 1333) xiii.
[18.] Ad honorem Regis summi, translation of first line: R. E. Messenger. See C. Daux, Les Chansons des Pèlerins de St. Jacques (Montauban, 1899).
[19.] A. S. Walpole, Early Latin Hymns, ([ch. 1, note 3]) 87-92.
[20.] E. Rodgers, Discussion of Holidays in the Later Middle Ages (New York 1940) 33. Miss Rodgers sums up the evidence here, reaching an affirmative conclusion.
[21.] L. Thorndike, “Elementary and Secondary Education in the Middle Ages,” Speculum, 15 (1940) 400-8, p. 401.
[22.] W. O. Wehrle, Macaronic Hymn Tradition etc. (Washington, 1933).
Chapter Six
Late Middle Ages: Processional Hymns
[1.] Matt. 21: 4-ll; Mark 11: 7-11; Luke 19: 35-38; John 12: 12-5.
[2.] Basil, Ep. 207, Ad Neocaes, MPG 32. 765; Ambrose, Ep. 40. 16, Ad Theodosium, MPL 16. 1107; Sozomen, Hist. Eccles. VIII, 8; see also Tertullian, Ad uxorem, II, 4, MPL 1. 1294.
[3.] S. Silviae, quae fertur, Peregrinatio ad loca sancta, in Itinera Hierosolymitana, Saeculi III-VIII, ed. P. Geyer (Vindobonae, 1898) CSEL 39. 35-101.
[4.] Ibid. XXIV, 1-7, 8-12; XXV, 7; XXVI; XXXI; XL, 1-2.
[5.] A. Bludau, Die Pilgerreise der Aetheria, Studien zur Gesch. u. Kultur d. Altertums XV, 1/2, (Paderborn, 1927) 56. Translation, Robert Bridges.
[6.] A. Baumstark, Die Idiomela der byzantinischen Karfreitagshoren etc. Reviewed in Jahrbuch f. Liturgiewissenschaft, 10 (1930) 339-40.
[7.] P. Batiffol, Études de liturgie et d’archéologie chrétienne, (Paris, 1919) ch. VI, La Chandeleur, p. 200.
[8.] Ambrose, Ep. 11(53), MPL 17. 743-4; Augustine, De Civ. Dei 22. 8; Conf. 9. 7; See also the hymn Grates tibi, Jesu, novas, attributed to Ambrose, A. H. 50. 17.
[9.] G. H. Cobb, “Early Catholic Outdoor Processions,” The Month, 148 (1926) 539-542.
[10.] For Mamertus, see Greg. Turonen., Hist. franc. 2. 34, MPL 71. 230-32. Councils. Council of Orleans, 511, canon 17, Mansi VIII, 355; Council of Girona, 517, Capit. 2 & 3, Mansi, VIII, 549; see also 17th Council of Toledo, 694, Capit. 6, Mansi XII, 99-100. Litaniae maiores, Greg. Magnus, Ep. V, 11, Litany on Feast of St. John Baptist, MPL 77, 732-3; Litania septiformis, Greg. Turonen., Hist. franc. 10, 1, MPL 71. 519-20; Joh. Diac., Vita Greg. Magn., 1. 41, 42, MPL 75. 80.
[11.] L. Duchesne, Christian Worship, (London, 1904) 240, 515.
[12.] P. Batiffol, ([note 7]) 197-201; L. Eisenhofer, Handbuch der Katholischen Liturgik, 2 vols. (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1923) I, 582-6.
[13.] At this point the definition of processio in Canon Law is of interest: Nomine sacrarum processionum significantur solemnes supplicationes quae a populi fideli, duce clero, fiunt eundo ordinatim de loco sacro ad locum sacrum, ad excitandam fidelium pietatem, ad commemoranda Dei beneficia eique gratias agendas, ad divinum auxilium implorandum. Can. 1290. ç I.
[14.] B. M. Peebles, “Fortunatus, Poet of the Holy Cross,” Amer. Church Monthly 38 (1935, July-Sept.) 152-166. His account is based upon Greg. Turonen., Hist. franc., IX, 40; Baudonovia, Vita S. Rad., II. 16.
[15.] R. E. Messenger, Salve festa dies, TAPhA, 78 (1947) 208-222. Translation, S. A. Hurlbut; for Salve festa dies, traditional.
[16.] Dom M. Férotin, Liber ordinum, in Monumenta ecclesiae liturgica, 5 (Paris, 1904) 178-87; Isidore of Seville, De ecclesiasticis officiis, 1. 38.
[17.] Férotin, supra, 179.
[18.] A. S. Walpole, Early Latin Hymns, ([ch. 1, note 3]) 337-340. Translation, 1st line, Walpole.
[19.] Duchesne, supra, 162-4.
[20.] Walpole, supra, 342-4.
[21.] Translations in this chapter, unless otherwise noted, are furnished by the author.
[22.] L. Gautier, Histoire de la Poésie liturgique etc. ([ch. 4, note 9]) ch. VI, Versus.
[23.] Von den Steinen, Notker der Dichter etc. ([ch. 4, note 25]) I, 40-42.
[24.] Eisenhofer (see [note 12]) I, 522-3.
[25.] Dom A. Wilmart, Auteurs spirituels etc. (Paris, 1932) 26-36.
[26.] R. E. Messenger, Sancta Maria quid est?, Cath. Choirmaster, June, 1950.
[27.] Eisenhofer, supra, I, 100-102.
[28.] Du Cange, see versarius.
[29.] Gulielmus Durandus, Rationale divinorum officiorum (Lugdini, 1612) Bk. IV, De accessu sacerdotis ac pontificis ad altare et de Processione.
[30.] Ibid. fol. 102.
[31.] D. Attwater, Dictionary of Saints (London, 1938) 180.
[32.] G. Reese, Music in the Middle Ages ([ch. 1, note 11]) 201.
[33.] L. Ellinwood, “The Conductus,” Musical Quarterly, 27 (1941) 2. 165-203.
Chapter Seven
Influence and Survival of Latin Hymns
[1.] W. B. Sedgwick, “The Origin of Rhyme,” ([ch. 4, note 28]) 333.
[2.] For translations see Helen J. Waddell, Medieval Latin Lyrics (London, 1929); The Wandering Scholars (New York, 1949), new edition.
[3.] P. S. Allen, Romanesque Lyric ([ch. 4, note 28]), Ch. XII, especially p. 223.
[4.] F. J. E. Raby, History of Secular Latin poetry in the Middle Ages, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1934) II, 332.
[5.] E. M. Sanford, “Were the Hymns of Prudentius actually sung?” Classical Philology 31 (1936) 71.
[6.] For the texts of liturgical plays, see K. Young, The Drama of the Medieval Church, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1933).
[7.] B. M. Peebles, “O Roma nobilis,” Amer. Benedictine Review, I (1950) no. 1.
[8.] R. Stroppel, Liturgie und geistliche Dichtung (Frankfurt am Main, 1927) 53-5: S. Singer, “Karolingische Renaissance,” Germanisch-Romanisch Monatschrift, 13 (1925) 200-1.
[9.] K. E. Wackernagel, Das deutsche Kirchenlied etc., 5 vols. (Leipzig, 1864-77) vol. I.
[10.] K. Meyer, Selections from Ancient Irish Poetry (London, 1911) Introd. 13.
[11.] J. Pokorny, Die älteste Lyrik der grünen Insel (Halle S., 1923) 13, 14.
[12.] W. Meyer, “Liturgie, Kunst und Dichtung in Mittelalter,” Gesammelte Abhandlungen (Berlin, 1905) 371.
[13.] P. von Winterfeld, “Stilfragen der lateinischen Dichtung des Mittelalters,” Deutsche Dichter des lateinischen Mittelalters (München, 1922) 440.
[14.] Washington, D. C., Catholic Un. Press, 1942, especially p. 221, 231, 248, 266.
[15.] H. Koht, “Medieval Liberty Poems,” Amer. Hist. Review, 48 (1943) no. 2, 281-290.
[16.] H. Spanke, “Über das Fortleben der Sequenzenform in den Romanischen Sprachens,” Zeitschrift f. Rom. Philol. 51 (1931) 309-334.
[17.] E. A. Peers. Ramon Lull (London, 1929) 140.
[18.] See translation by H. C. Robbins, 1939, “Most High, Omnipotent, Good Lord.”
[19.] For a brief account, see J. Pulver, “Laudi spirituali,” Musical Opinion, March, 1938, 503-4; April, 1938, 602-3; May, 1938, 691-2.
[20.] See [Bibliography] for these titles.
[21.] Dom Jean Stéphan, The Adeste fideles, “Publications,” Buckfast Abbey, South Devon, England, 1947. Translation, Frederick Oakeley.
[22.] M. Britt, Hymns of the Breviary and Missal (New York, 1922, 1948), a standard and indispensable work.