Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius

by Samuel Dill

INDEX

	Abascantus, secretary ab epistulis, career of, described in the Silvae, [110]
	Acta diurna, regular arrival of, in the provinces, [205];reader of, [95]
	regular arrival of, in the provinces, [205];
	reader of, [95]
	Acte, mistress of Nero, cares for his burial, [115]
	Aelian of Praeneste, account of his work on Providence, [456];immense credulity, and hatred of rationalism, [ib.];the pious cock of Tanagra, [457];last dream of Philemon, [ib.]
	account of his work on Providence, [456];
	immense credulity, and hatred of rationalism, [ib.];
	the pious cock of Tanagra, [457];
	last dream of Philemon, [ib.]
	Africa, the development of its city life, organisation of Thamugadi, [202];of Lambesi, [208];amphitheatres in, [201];and bishoprics, [ib.];little touched by Mithraism, [597]
	the development of its city life, organisation of Thamugadi, [202];
	of Lambesi, [208];
	amphitheatres in, [201];
	and bishoprics, [ib.];
	little touched by Mithraism, [597]
	Agrippina, mother of Nero, memoirs by, used by Tacitus, [80];sits on the tribunal with Claudius, [81];shade propitiated by Nero, [491]
	memoirs by, used by Tacitus, [80];
	sits on the tribunal with Claudius, [81];
	shade propitiated by Nero, [491]
	Albinus, P. Caeionius, restores a temple at Thamugadi, [202]
	Alcantara, the bridge of, [220]
	Alexander of Abonoteichos, oracle on the Marcomannic war, [451], [476];physical and mental gifts of, [473] sq.;skilful charlatanry, [474] sq.;war with the Epicureans, [476];Lucian’s treatment of, [477];establishes new Mysteries, [476] sq.
	oracle on the Marcomannic war, [451], [476];
	physical and mental gifts of, [473] sq.;
	skilful charlatanry, [474] sq.;
	war with the Epicureans, [476];
	Lucian’s treatment of, [477];
	establishes new Mysteries, [476] sq.
	Alexandria, roses from, for Nero’s dinners, [32];singing boys from, at Trimalchio’s dinner, [130] sq.;character of its populace, [374];Dion Chrysostom rebukes their passion for games, [ib.];a great focus of religious feeling, [397];and eclecticism, [561]
	roses from, for Nero’s dinners, [32];
	singing boys from, at Trimalchio’s dinner, [130] sq.;
	character of its populace, [374];
	Dion Chrysostom rebukes their passion for games, [ib.];
	a great focus of religious feeling, [397];
	and eclecticism, [561]
	Animal-worship, excites ridicule, [571];philosophy justified it, [ib.], [395];little noticed in Apuleius, [572]
	excites ridicule, [571];
	philosophy justified it, [ib.], [395];
	little noticed in Apuleius, [572]
	Annaeus Serenus, Seneca’s De Tranquillitate addressed to, character of, [319]
	Antinous, death and apotheosis of, [450], [477], [478]
	Antium, temple of Fortuna Primigenia at, [456]
	Antoninus Pius, builds a temple to Juno Sospita of Lanuvium, [538];to Mithra at Ostia, [591];his country pleasures at Lorium, [537];flattered by the Arval Brothers, [542];Magna Mater on his coins, [549];taurobolium for, in 160, [ib.], [557]
	builds a temple to Juno Sospita of Lanuvium, [538];
	to Mithra at Ostia, [591];
	his country pleasures at Lorium, [537];
	flattered by the Arval Brothers, [542];
	Magna Mater on his coins, [549];
	taurobolium for, in 160, [ib.], [557]
	Apollonius of Tyana, involved in political conspiracy, [40];a great preacher, effect of his sermons, [347];early life, Pythagorean asceticism, Sun worship, and catholic ritualism, [399];reconciled myth with a purer faith, [400];visits all the oracles, [472];his ideas of a future state, [518] sqq.
	involved in political conspiracy, [40];
	a great preacher, effect of his sermons, [347];
	early life, Pythagorean asceticism, Sun worship, and catholic ritualism, [399];
	reconciled myth with a purer faith, [400];
	visits all the oracles, [472];
	his ideas of a future state, [518] sqq.
	Apotheosis, in the Antonine age, [386], [537];of Antinous, [477];of Peregrinus, [478];of M. Aurelius, [ib.];of the Emperors, its history, [615] sqq.
	in the Antonine age, [386], [537];
	of Antinous, [477];
	of Peregrinus, [478];
	of M. Aurelius, [ib.];
	of the Emperors, its history, [615] sqq.
	Apuleius, sensual imagination and mysticism of, [389];weird scenes of miracle in Thessaly, [483];lofty conception of God, [389];description of the revels of the wandering priests of the Syrian goddess, [551] sqq.;of other scenes in Thessaly, [552];conception of Isis in the Metamorphoses, [563];mystic raptures, [570], [574], [576]
	sensual imagination and mysticism of, [389];
	weird scenes of miracle in Thessaly, [483];
	lofty conception of God, [389];
	description of the revels of the wandering priests of the Syrian goddess, [551] sqq.;
	of other scenes in Thessaly, [552];
	conception of Isis in the Metamorphoses, [563];
	mystic raptures, [570], [574], [576]
	Aquileia, a great seat of Mithraism, [593]
	Ardeliones, the, life of, described, [12], [174]
	Aristides, P. Aelius, picture of the Roman Empire in, [199];general security, [205];journey from Mysia to Rome, [206], [464];early history and travels, [457];long ill health and resort to temples of healing, [458] sqq.;his rhetorical training affected his religious attitude, [458] sq.;diseases of, lasting for thirteen years, [463];his ordeals and vitality, [465];visited by the gods, [466];recovers his rhetorical power, [ib.];mingled vanity and piety of, [467]
	picture of the Roman Empire in, [199];
	general security, [205];
	journey from Mysia to Rome, [206], [464];
	early history and travels, [457];
	long ill health and resort to temples of healing, [458] sqq.;
	his rhetorical training affected his religious attitude, [458] sq.;
	diseases of, lasting for thirteen years, [463];
	his ordeals and vitality, [465];
	visited by the gods, [466];
	recovers his rhetorical power, [ib.];
	mingled vanity and piety of, [467]
	Aristotle, influence of, on Plutarch, [412];on Seneca, [314];on Maximus of Tyre, [421]
	on Plutarch, [412];
	on Seneca, [314];
	on Maximus of Tyre, [421]
	Army, the, honesty and courage in, [49];castra stativa grow into towns, [207];Septimius Severus allows the soldier [pg 628]to live with his family, [208];how pensions provided for, [283];military colleges, their objects, [283];the worship of Mithra propagated by, [591];the legions which were most active, [595], [596]
	honesty and courage in, [49];
	castra stativa grow into towns, [207];
	Septimius Severus allows the soldier [pg 628]to live with his family, [208];
	how pensions provided for, [283];
	military colleges, their objects, [283];
	the worship of Mithra propagated by, [591];
	the legions which were most active, [595], [596]
	Arrius Antoninus, grandfather of Ant. Pius, Greek verses of, [166]
	Art, pretence of taste for, [131], [178];influence of, in religion discussed by Dion Chrysostom, [382];decay of, lamented by Petronius, [125]
	pretence of taste for, [131], [178];
	influence of, in religion discussed by Dion Chrysostom, [382];
	decay of, lamented by Petronius, [125]
	Artemidorus, work on Dreams by, [468];immense industry, collections, and faith in the science, [ib.];contempt for impostors, [469];quasi scientific method, [ib.];its absurdities, [470]
	work on Dreams by, [468];
	immense industry, collections, and faith in the science, [ib.];
	contempt for impostors, [469];
	quasi scientific method, [ib.];
	its absurdities, [470]
	Arvales Fratres, the College of, revived by Augustus, [534];early history, meetings and ritual of, [540] sq.;servility to the Emperors, [541]
	revived by Augustus, [534];
	early history, meetings and ritual of, [540] sq.;
	servility to the Emperors, [541]
	Asclepius, immense popularity of his worship, [459], [539];temples of, and their routine and organisation, [460];new oracle of, at Abonoteichos, [474]
	immense popularity of his worship, [459], [539];
	temples of, and their routine and organisation, [460];
	new oracle of, at Abonoteichos, [474]
	Asiaticus, freedman of Vitellius, history of, [206]
	Astrology, influence of, in the early empire, a political danger, [45], [447];astrologers banished by Claudius, Vitellius and Vespasian, [45], [448];a Greek trade, [93];Augustus burns books of, [446];Tiberius believes in, [448];Otho, [45], [448];Titus, [449];and M. Aurelius, [450];Domitian, [ib.];Hadrian, [ib.];in Mithraism, [598], [602]
	influence of, in the early empire, a political danger, [45], [447];
	astrologers banished by Claudius, Vitellius and Vespasian, [45], [448];
	a Greek trade, [93];
	Augustus burns books of, [446];
	Tiberius believes in, [448];
	Otho, [45], [448];
	Titus, [449];
	and M. Aurelius, [450];
	Domitian, [ib.];
	Hadrian, [ib.];
	in Mithraism, [598], [602]
	Attis, legend of, [549];becomes a solar deity, [556]
	legend of, [549];
	becomes a solar deity, [556]
	Augury, decay of, [445];abuse of, [532]
	decay of, [445];
	abuse of, [532]
	Augustales, the, Trimalchio one of, [136];importance, organisation, social rank, and insignia in municipal towns, [216], [217];generosity of, as patrons of colleges, [275]
	Trimalchio one of, [136];
	importance, organisation, social rank, and insignia in municipal towns, [216], [217];
	generosity of, as patrons of colleges, [275]
	Augustine, S., defends the Cynics of his time, [352];contempt for rites of Magna Mater, [547];on Varro’s theology, [417], [531 n.];on the cult of martyrs, [488];on Plato, [523]
	defends the Cynics of his time, [352];
	contempt for rites of Magna Mater, [547];
	on Varro’s theology, [417], [531 n.];
	on the cult of martyrs, [488];
	on Plato, [523]
	Augustus, his disguised power, [41];destroys 2000 books of divination, [446];his horoscope cast, [447];his religious restoration, and its motive, [533];attitude to foreign religions, [533];restores a temple of Magna Mater, [548];cautious acceptance of divine honours, [615]
	his disguised power, [41];
	destroys 2000 books of divination, [446];
	his horoscope cast, [447];
	his religious restoration, and its motive, [533];
	attitude to foreign religions, [533];
	restores a temple of Magna Mater, [548];
	cautious acceptance of divine honours, [615]
	Aurelian, his temple of the Sun, [586];outbreak of the workmen of the Mint in his reign, [255];legend deo et domino nato on his coins, [618];effect of his Sun-worship on the development of imperial power, [619]
	his temple of the Sun, [586];
	outbreak of the workmen of the Mint in his reign, [255];
	legend deo et domino nato on his coins, [618];
	effect of his Sun-worship on the development of imperial power, [619]
	Aurelius, M., slight interest of, in speculation, [339];his tutors of various schools, [343];as a boy recites the Salian litany, [385];his gospel of renunciation, [393] sq.;his conformity, [394];employs diviners, [450];relations of, with Galen, [506];views of, about immortality, [507];his Stoic ideal of life, [509];his sadness and its causes, [510];one of the Salii in his 8th year, [535];his religious conservatism, [537];images of, in every family in the West, [616]
	slight interest of, in speculation, [339];
	his tutors of various schools, [343];
	as a boy recites the Salian litany, [385];
	his gospel of renunciation, [393] sq.;
	his conformity, [394];
	employs diviners, [450];
	relations of, with Galen, [506];
	views of, about immortality, [507];
	his Stoic ideal of life, [509];
	his sadness and its causes, [510];
	one of the Salii in his 8th year, [535];
	his religious conservatism, [537];
	images of, in every family in the West, [616]

	Balbilla, Greek verses by, [80]
	Birth, respect for, in Juvenal, [69];in D. Cassius, Suetonius, and Pliny, [70];manufacture of genealogies, in Vit. Apollonius of Tyana, and S. Jerome, [ib.];Herodes Atticus traced his descent from the Aeacidae, [225];Tiberius on, [70]
	respect for, in Juvenal, [69];
	in D. Cassius, Suetonius, and Pliny, [70];
	manufacture of genealogies, in Vit. Apollonius of Tyana, and S. Jerome, [ib.];
	Herodes Atticus traced his descent from the Aeacidae, [225];
	Tiberius on, [70]
	Bithynia, civic mismanagement in, [220];literary distinction of, [372]
	civic mismanagement in, [220];
	literary distinction of, [372]
	Boeotia, the oracles of, [471]
	Brescia, high moral tone of, [147]

	Caenis, concubine of Vespasian, influence and intrigues of, [52], [115]
	Caligula, wild schemes and profusion of, [32];his cruelty and insolence to Senators, [51];depraving example, [73];consults the oracle of Fortune at Antium, [472];apparitions at his burial, [490];claims of divinity, [615]
	wild schemes and profusion of, [32];
	his cruelty and insolence to Senators, [51];
	depraving example, [73];
	consults the oracle of Fortune at Antium, [472];
	apparitions at his burial, [490];
	claims of divinity, [615]
	Calpurnia, Pliny’s wife, character of, and his love for her, [188], [189];literary taste of, [80]
	character of, and his love for her, [188], [189];
	literary taste of, [80]
	Canabae legionis, at Lambesi, [208]
	Canusium, Album of, [210];Herodes Atticus gave an aqueduct to, [225]
	Album of, [210];
	Herodes Atticus gave an aqueduct to, [225]
	Captation, a regular profession, [72];result of plebeian poverty and aristocratic vice, [96];at Croton, in Petronius, [127];Regulus a captator, [156]
	a regular profession, [72];
	result of plebeian poverty and aristocratic vice, [96];
	at Croton, in Petronius, [127];
	Regulus a captator, [156]
	Carnuntum, in Pannonia, a seat of Mithraism from 70 A.D., [591];its temples, [595];temple restored at, by the imperial house, in the fourth century, [619]
	a seat of Mithraism from 70 A.D., [591];
	its temples, [595];
	temple restored at, by the imperial house, in the fourth century, [619]
	Centumviral court, the, picture of, in Pliny’s Letters, [154] sqq.;he welcomes young aristocrats to, [187]
	picture of, in Pliny’s Letters, [154] sqq.;
	he welcomes young aristocrats to, [187]
	Chaeremon, Alexandrian librarian, wrote a treatise on Isis, [568]
	Charity, and munificence, provision for poor children by Trajan and later Emperors, [192], [193];private benevolence exemplified by Pliny, [193];his benefactions, [193] sqq.;other examples in the inscriptions, [193], [224];the Stertinii, [224];Dion Chrysostom and [pg 629]his father, [225];Herodes Atticus, enormous benefactions of, [ib.];munificence of the Emperors, Vespasian, Titus, Hadrian, [227], [228];private examples from inscriptions, [223], [229];ideals of the uses of wealth, [232];men ruin themselves by generosity, [245]
	provision for poor children by Trajan and later Emperors, [192], [193];
	private benevolence exemplified by Pliny, [193];
	his benefactions, [193] sqq.;
	other examples in the inscriptions, [193], [224];
	the Stertinii, [224];
	Dion Chrysostom and [pg 629]his father, [225];
	Herodes Atticus, enormous benefactions of, [ib.];
	munificence of the Emperors, Vespasian, Titus, Hadrian, [227], [228];
	private examples from inscriptions, [223], [229];
	ideals of the uses of wealth, [232];
	men ruin themselves by generosity, [245]
	Cicero, adorned by Pliny, [158];on augury, [445];on beneficence, [190];on superstition, [443];on legend, [495];on Delphi, [471];on immortality, [488]
	adorned by Pliny, [158];
	on augury, [445];
	on beneficence, [190];
	on superstition, [443];
	on legend, [495];
	on Delphi, [471];
	on immortality, [488]
	City life, splendour of, in the Antonine age, [4];weariness of life in the capital, [174];growth of, in Gaul, Spain, Dacia, and Asia, [200] sqq.
	splendour of, in the Antonine age, [4];
	weariness of life in the capital, [174];
	growth of, in Gaul, Spain, Dacia, and Asia, [200] sqq.
	Claudian, connects Mithra with Bel, [588];contempt for Greeks, [90]
	connects Mithra with Bel, [588];
	contempt for Greeks, [90]
	Claudius, recruits the Senate from the provinces, [71], [72];Hellenism of, [89];his encouragement of trade, [264];his effort to revive the art of augury, [445];banishes the astrologers, [418];conservative in religion, [536];persecutes the Jewish and Druidic religions, [566]
	recruits the Senate from the provinces, [71], [72];
	Hellenism of, [89];
	his encouragement of trade, [264];
	his effort to revive the art of augury, [445];
	banishes the astrologers, [418];
	conservative in religion, [536];
	persecutes the Jewish and Druidic religions, [566]
	Claudius Etruscus, career of, and duties as minister, [109]
	Clea, a priestess of Osiris at Delphi, [424]
	Client, the, in Juvenal, [93], [94];change of the relation under the Empire, [ib.];the relation in the colleges, [273]
	in Juvenal, [93], [94];
	change of the relation under the Empire, [ib.];
	the relation in the colleges, [273]
	Clients, position in the time of Juvenal, [93] sq.;and Martial, [61]
	position in the time of Juvenal, [93] sq.;
	and Martial, [61]
	Clodius, P., uses the colleges, [254]
	Colleges, the, plebeian class in towns, [251];pride of free artisan class, [253];early history of Collegia, [254];danger from, [255];restrained by law, [ib.];an irresistible movement, [256];wish for pious burial, [257];evidence on, from inscriptions, [258];funerary colleges authorised, [259];consequences of the concession, [260];College of Diana and Antinous, its organisation, fees, etc. [260] sqq.;College of Aesculapius and Hygia, its regulations, [262];colleges founded on religion, [263];industrial colleges, great fair at Cremona, [264];wandering traders, collegia peregrinorum, [265];colleges at Lyons, Ostia, Arles, etc. [265] sq.;objects of association, [266] sqq.;favoured by masters, [267];colleges moulded on the model of the city, names of offices, etc. [269];gradation of rank in, its object, [270];how the schola was provided, [271];associations gather round it, gifts made to it, [272];College of Silvanus at Philippi, [ib.];patrons of, and their raison d’être, [273];colleges and their patrons of very different rank, [274];election of a patron, [ib.];colleges founded to guard a tomb, [276];provisions for permanent observances, [277];college feasts and sportulae, [277] sq.;regulations for decorum in, fines, [279];the college a family, in which the slave is an equal, [281];were colleges eleemosynary institutions? [282];military colleges of Lambesi, their organisation and objects, [283] sqq.;extinction of a college, [285]
	plebeian class in towns, [251];
	pride of free artisan class, [253];
	early history of Collegia, [254];
	danger from, [255];
	restrained by law, [ib.];
	an irresistible movement, [256];
	wish for pious burial, [257];
	evidence on, from inscriptions, [258];
	funerary colleges authorised, [259];
	consequences of the concession, [260];
	College of Diana and Antinous, its organisation, fees, etc. [260] sqq.;
	College of Aesculapius and Hygia, its regulations, [262];
	colleges founded on religion, [263];
	industrial colleges, great fair at Cremona, [264];
	wandering traders, collegia peregrinorum, [265];
	colleges at Lyons, Ostia, Arles, etc. [265] sq.;
	objects of association, [266] sqq.;
	favoured by masters, [267];
	colleges moulded on the model of the city, names of offices, etc. [269];
	gradation of rank in, its object, [270];
	how the schola was provided, [271];
	associations gather round it, gifts made to it, [272];
	College of Silvanus at Philippi, [ib.];
	patrons of, and their raison d’être, [273];
	colleges and their patrons of very different rank, [274];
	election of a patron, [ib.];
	colleges founded to guard a tomb, [276];
	provisions for permanent observances, [277];
	college feasts and sportulae, [277] sq.;
	regulations for decorum in, fines, [279];
	the college a family, in which the slave is an equal, [281];
	were colleges eleemosynary institutions? [282];
	military colleges of Lambesi, their organisation and objects, [283] sqq.;
	extinction of a college, [285]
	Commodus, takes the tonsure of Isis and walks in an Isiac procession, [553];assumes the Mithraic title of Invictus, [618]
	takes the tonsure of Isis and walks in an Isiac procession, [553];
	assumes the Mithraic title of Invictus, [618]
	Como, Pliny’s estates at, [145];his gifts to, [194];a suicide at, [184];honorarium of its curia, [209]
	Pliny’s estates at, [145];
	his gifts to, [194];
	a suicide at, [184];
	honorarium of its curia, [209]
	Conversion, Seneca on, [34];result of the preaching of Apollonius, [347];conversion of Polemon, [ib.];of D. Chrysostom, [368];in Plutarch, [413]
	Seneca on, [34];
	result of the preaching of Apollonius, [347];
	conversion of Polemon, [ib.];
	of D. Chrysostom, [368];
	in Plutarch, [413]
	Corellius Rufus, suicide of, [184]
	Cornelia, wife of Pompey, culture of, [80]
	Cotta, M. Aurelius, liberality of, to a freedman, [119]
	Country life, growing love of, [174];Roman country seats, their sites and architecture, [176];extent and grounds, [178];routine of life, [179];purchase and management of estates, [180];charm of the country in Roman literature, [197];yet contempt for it, [199];moral tone of, [2], [144], [147]
	growing love of, [174];
	Roman country seats, their sites and architecture, [176];
	extent and grounds, [178];
	routine of life, [179];
	purchase and management of estates, [180];
	charm of the country in Roman literature, [197];
	yet contempt for it, [199];
	moral tone of, [2], [144], [147]
	Cremona, great fair at, [263];sack of, [264];colleges of youth at, [265];munificence of its citizens, [225]
	great fair at, [263];
	sack of, [264];
	colleges of youth at, [265];
	munificence of its citizens, [225]
	Curatores, heard of first in the reign of Trajan, [222];control of municipal finance by, [248]
	heard of first in the reign of Trajan, [222];
	control of municipal finance by, [248]
	Curia, the, composition of, illustrated by the roll of Canusium, [210];numbers, and qualification of, [214];its fate, [248]
	composition of, illustrated by the roll of Canusium, [210];
	numbers, and qualification of, [214];
	its fate, [248]
	Cynics, the, met a general demand for moral guidance, [340];description of, in Dion Chrysostom, [349];and in the literature of the age, [350] n.;the Cynic in Lucian’s Banquet, [ib.];attractions of the life of, [351];gross charges against; S. Augustine’s testimony, [352];causes of prejudice against, [ib.];death of Peregrinus as treated by Lucian, [355];affinity of, with Christian asceticism, [355], [361];evidently a great popular force, [358];a one-sided Stoicism, [359];Cynic ideal, [359] sq.;attitude to the Empire, [362] sq.;and to popular religion, [363];cultivated Cynics, [364] sqq.
	met a general demand for moral guidance, [340];
	description of, in Dion Chrysostom, [349];
	and in the literature of the age, [350] n.;
	the Cynic in Lucian’s Banquet, [ib.];
	attractions of the life of, [351];
	gross charges against; S. Augustine’s testimony, [352];
	causes of prejudice against, [ib.];
	death of Peregrinus as treated by Lucian, [355];
	affinity of, with Christian asceticism, [355], [361];
	evidently a great popular force, [358];
	a one-sided Stoicism, [359];
	Cynic ideal, [359] sq.;
	attitude to the Empire, [362] sq.;
	and to popular religion, [363];
	cultivated Cynics, [364] sqq.

	Dacia, organisation and town life of, [201];worship of Magna Mater in, [549];of Isis, [568];settlement of, by Trajan, a [pg 630]seat of Mithraism, [594];of the worship of Isis and Magna Mater, [549], [568]
	organisation and town life of, [201];
	worship of Magna Mater in, [549];
	of Isis, [568];
	settlement of, by Trajan, a [pg 630]seat of Mithraism, [594];
	of the worship of Isis and Magna Mater, [549], [568]
	Daemons, conception of, in Plutarch and Maximus of Tyre, [426];history of, in Greek literature from Hesiod, [427];use of the idea by Platonists, [425];Xenocrates first taught the existence of evil daemons, [431] sq.;employed by Plutarch to rehabilitate myth, [432];believed in by the Fathers, [433];a cause of oracular inspiration, [437];mortality of, [426];daemon of Socrates, [438];daemon a higher self, [439];daemonology an attempt to bridge the gulf between man and the Infinite Spirit, [603]
	conception of, in Plutarch and Maximus of Tyre, [426];
	history of, in Greek literature from Hesiod, [427];
	use of the idea by Platonists, [425];
	Xenocrates first taught the existence of evil daemons, [431] sq.;
	employed by Plutarch to rehabilitate myth, [432];
	believed in by the Fathers, [433];
	a cause of oracular inspiration, [437];
	mortality of, [426];
	daemon of Socrates, [438];
	daemon a higher self, [439];
	daemonology an attempt to bridge the gulf between man and the Infinite Spirit, [603]
	Dea Dia, worship of, [540]
	Delation, history and causes of, [35];delators of every rank, [ib.];attractions of, wealth gained by, [36];Regulus a delator, [37], [155];Silius Italicus, [164];under Domitian, [35]
	history and causes of, [35];
	delators of every rank, [ib.];
	attractions of, wealth gained by, [36];
	Regulus a delator, [37], [155];
	Silius Italicus, [164];
	under Domitian, [35]
	Delphi, temple of Osiris at, [424];Plutarch’s love of, [403], [435];decay of, in first century, [434];revival of, [435];why oracles were given in prose, [436];sources of its inspiration, [437];Nero’s violence to, [472];Hadrian tested, [ib.]
	temple of Osiris at, [424];
	Plutarch’s love of, [403], [435];
	decay of, in first century, [434];
	revival of, [435];
	why oracles were given in prose, [436];
	sources of its inspiration, [437];
	Nero’s violence to, [472];
	Hadrian tested, [ib.]
	Demetrius, the Cynic, life of, [361];a cultivated ascetic, [362];knew Apollonius of Tyana, [ib.];attitude to the Empire, beards Nero and Vespasian, [ib.]
	life of, [361];
	a cultivated ascetic, [362];
	knew Apollonius of Tyana, [ib.];
	attitude to the Empire, beards Nero and Vespasian, [ib.]
	Demonax, attitude to popular religion, [363];origin, education, and philosophic tone of, [364];fashion of his life and teaching, [365];epigrams and sarcasms, [365] sq.;his personal magnetism, and reverence for him after his death, [366]
	attitude to popular religion, [363];
	origin, education, and philosophic tone of, [364];
	fashion of his life and teaching, [365];
	epigrams and sarcasms, [365] sq.;
	his personal magnetism, and reverence for him after his death, [366]
	Dendrophori, dedications by, to Magna Mater, [549];in the inscriptions, [551];at Lyons, [557]
	dedications by, to Magna Mater, [549];
	in the inscriptions, [551];
	at Lyons, [557]
	Dion Chrysostom, view of the Cynics, [349];early history, exile, conversion, and preaching of, [367] sq.;orations of, [368];simple philosophy, and view of the time, [369], [370];warning to Tarsus, [370];sermon at Olbia, [371] sq.;picture of city life in Asia Minor, its vices and jealousies, [372] sqq.;gospel of social charity, [373];scorn for the Alexandrian character, [374];his prose idyll on virtuous rural life in Euboea, [375] sq.;view of prostitution and slavery, [376];ideal of monarchy, parable of the Two Peaks, [377] sqq.;oration at Olympia, [379] sq.;suggested by Olympian Zeus of Pheidias, [380];Dion’s discussion on natural theology and anthropomorphism, [381];makes Pheidias defend representation of the Infinite in human form, [382];his Zeus a moral ideal and spiritual power, [383]
	view of the Cynics, [349];
	early history, exile, conversion, and preaching of, [367] sq.;
	orations of, [368];
	simple philosophy, and view of the time, [369], [370];
	warning to Tarsus, [370];
	sermon at Olbia, [371] sq.;
	picture of city life in Asia Minor, its vices and jealousies, [372] sqq.;
	gospel of social charity, [373];
	scorn for the Alexandrian character, [374];
	his prose idyll on virtuous rural life in Euboea, [375] sq.;
	view of prostitution and slavery, [376];
	ideal of monarchy, parable of the Two Peaks, [377] sqq.;
	oration at Olympia, [379] sq.;
	suggested by Olympian Zeus of Pheidias, [380];
	Dion’s discussion on natural theology and anthropomorphism, [381];
	makes Pheidias defend representation of the Infinite in human form, [382];
	his Zeus a moral ideal and spiritual power, [383]
	Domitian, delators under, [35];his belief in astrology, [45];secret of his reign, [52];value of the authorities on, [52 n.];good traits in his character, [53];his encouragement of literature and political merit, [ib.];his Hellenism, [89];a moral reformer, [54], [74];causes of his unpopularity, [54];contradictions in his character, [55];replenishes the treasury by confiscation, [56];his terror at the end, [56], [57], [450];his funereal banquet, [57];founds a quinquennial competition in literature, [171];his superstition, [450];a conservative in religion, [536];celebrated the Quinquatria of Minerva, [538];his victories, [542];escaped from the capital in the vestments of Isis in 69 A.D., [567];built a temple to Isis, [ib.];first called Dominus et Deus, [615]
	delators under, [35];
	his belief in astrology, [45];
	secret of his reign, [52];
	value of the authorities on, [52 n.];
	good traits in his character, [53];
	his encouragement of literature and political merit, [ib.];
	his Hellenism, [89];
	a moral reformer, [54], [74];
	causes of his unpopularity, [54];
	contradictions in his character, [55];
	replenishes the treasury by confiscation, [56];
	his terror at the end, [56], [57], [450];
	his funereal banquet, [57];
	founds a quinquennial competition in literature, [171];
	his superstition, [450];
	a conservative in religion, [536];
	celebrated the Quinquatria of Minerva, [538];
	his victories, [542];
	escaped from the capital in the vestments of Isis in 69 A.D., [567];
	built a temple to Isis, [ib.];
	first called Dominus et Deus, [615]
	Dreams, in temples of healing, [460];dream-oracles, [461];prescriptions in, [463], [464];treatise of Artemidorus on, [467] sqq.;his faith in, [468];his absurdities, [470];Pliny on, [452], [490]
	in temples of healing, [460];
	dream-oracles, [461];
	prescriptions in, [463], [464];
	treatise of Artemidorus on, [467] sqq.;
	his faith in, [468];
	his absurdities, [470];
	Pliny on, [452], [490]

	Education, Vespasian endows, [148];influence of Quintilian on, [149];Pliny helps to endow a school at Como, [193];culture in Asia Minor, [372];among freedmen, [131], [134]
	Vespasian endows, [148];
	influence of Quintilian on, [149];
	Pliny helps to endow a school at Como, [193];
	culture in Asia Minor, [372];
	among freedmen, [131], [134]
	Empire, the, its temptations, [31];the influence of the Emperor’s example illustrated, [31];how waste led to cruelty and confiscation, [33];the secret of the imperial terror, various theories, [37];the ideal of the Empire, [39], [43];constant danger from pretenders, [40], [41], [44];the fiction of Augustus, the Emperor’s real power, [41];checks upon it, [42];its tolerance of municipal liberty, [203]
	its temptations, [31];
	the influence of the Emperor’s example illustrated, [31];
	how waste led to cruelty and confiscation, [33];
	the secret of the imperial terror, various theories, [37];
	the ideal of the Empire, [39], [43];
	constant danger from pretenders, [40], [41], [44];
	the fiction of Augustus, the Emperor’s real power, [41];
	checks upon it, [42];
	its tolerance of municipal liberty, [203]
	Entellus, gardens of, [112]
	Epicharis, freedwoman, refuses to betray the Pisonian conspirators, [47]
	Epictetus, his ideal of the Cynic philosopher, [359];men the soldiers of God, [393];gospel of renunciation in, [ib. n. 5];on augury and divination, [455];early history of, [503];attitude to belief in immortality, [504];reference to female Platonists, [80];preaching of gratitude and resignation, [393]
	his ideal of the Cynic philosopher, [359];
	men the soldiers of God, [393];
	gospel of renunciation in, [ib. n. 5];
	on augury and divination, [455];
	early history of, [503];
	attitude to belief in immortality, [504];
	reference to female Platonists, [80];
	preaching of gratitude and resignation, [393]
	Epicurus, Seneca quotes, and defends to Lucilius, [306];Aelian anathematises, [456];Epicureans at Abonoteichos oppose Alexander, [476];orders banquets to his shade, [456];influence of, in last age of Republic, [530]
	Seneca quotes, and defends to Lucilius, [306];
	Aelian anathematises, [456];
	Epicureans at Abonoteichos oppose Alexander, [476];
	orders banquets to his shade, [456];
	influence of, in last age of Republic, [530]
	Epidaurus, temple of Asclepius at, [462], [539];social life of the patients, [463]
	temple of Asclepius at, [462], [539];
	social life of the patients, [463]
	Equites, in provincial towns, [215];freedmen raised to the rank of, [113];Juvenal’s [pg 631]contempt for, [70];general low estimate of, [113];displace freedmen as imperial secretaries, [107];employment by Vitellius, Domitian, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius, [ib.]
	in provincial towns, [215];
	freedmen raised to the rank of, [113];
	Juvenal’s [pg 631]contempt for, [70];
	general low estimate of, [113];
	displace freedmen as imperial secretaries, [107];
	employment by Vitellius, Domitian, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius, [ib.]
	Espionage, under the Empire, [34];under Domitian, [56]
	under the Empire, [34];
	under Domitian, [56]
	Euboea, D. Chrysostom’s description of rural life in, [375]
	Euhemerus, translated by Ennius, [530];Plutarch on, [425]
	translated by Ennius, [530];
	Plutarch on, [425]
	Euphrates, Pliny’s sketch of, [151];suicide of, [356]
	Pliny’s sketch of, [151];
	suicide of, [356]
	Evil, Plutarch’s theory of, [430]
	Extravagance, of Nero, [20], [32];of Domitian, [55], [56];of Vitellius, [32];of Caligula, [32];under the Republic, [67]
	of Nero, [20], [32];
	of Domitian, [55], [56];
	of Vitellius, [32];
	of Caligula, [32];
	under the Republic, [67]

	Fannia, widow of Helvidius Priscus, Pliny’s admiration for, [152]
	Finance, profusion of Caligula, [32];straits of Domitian, [56];economy of Vespasian, [32], [148];Nero’s waste and plunder, [20] sq.;Nerva’s retrenchment, [32];waste of Vitellius, [32];finance of provincial towns, [220], [248]
	profusion of Caligula, [32];
	straits of Domitian, [56];
	economy of Vespasian, [32], [148];
	Nero’s waste and plunder, [20] sq.;
	Nerva’s retrenchment, [32];
	waste of Vitellius, [32];
	finance of provincial towns, [220], [248]
	Fortuna Augusti, [618]
	Freedmen, the, their rise a great movement, [100];prejudice against, [101] sqq.;why it was natural, [103];contempt of literary men for vulgar wealth, [104];yet the rise of the freedmen a promising movement, [105];rise of, in the imperial household, [106];become great ministers, [107];replaced gradually by Equites, [107];early freedmen ministers worthy of their place, [108];career of Claudius Etruscus and Abascantus, [109] sqq.;of Narcissus and Pallas, [110], [111];how their wealth was gained, [112], [129];their politic splendour, [112];romantic career of a freedman, [113];yet freedmen despised and ostracised, [ib.];sometimes made great marriages, [114];doubtful position of women of this class, [114];yet some had great influence, [115];Panthea, mistress of L. Verus, picture of, by Lucian, [ib.];lower freedmen in the imperial service, [116];transition from slavery to freedom, how freedmen rose, [118]-[120];grossness and ostentation of their wealthy class, [129] sqq.
	their rise a great movement, [100];
	prejudice against, [101] sqq.;
	why it was natural, [103];
	contempt of literary men for vulgar wealth, [104];
	yet the rise of the freedmen a promising movement, [105];
	rise of, in the imperial household, [106];
	become great ministers, [107];
	replaced gradually by Equites, [107];
	early freedmen ministers worthy of their place, [108];
	career of Claudius Etruscus and Abascantus, [109] sqq.;
	of Narcissus and Pallas, [110], [111];
	how their wealth was gained, [112], [129];
	their politic splendour, [112];
	romantic career of a freedman, [113];
	yet freedmen despised and ostracised, [ib.];
	sometimes made great marriages, [114];
	doubtful position of women of this class, [114];
	yet some had great influence, [115];
	Panthea, mistress of L. Verus, picture of, by Lucian, [ib.];
	lower freedmen in the imperial service, [116];
	transition from slavery to freedom, how freedmen rose, [118]-[120];
	grossness and ostentation of their wealthy class, [129] sqq.
	Freedom and Necessity, Plutarch’s views of, [412];Seneca’s, [311]
	Plutarch’s views of, [412];
	Seneca’s, [311]

	Gaius, on the law of Colleges, [254]
	Galen, early history and training of, [505];eclecticism of, [ib.];views of immortality, [ib.];relations with M. Aurelius, [506]
	early history and training of, [505];
	eclecticism of, [ib.];
	views of immortality, [ib.];
	relations with M. Aurelius, [506]
	Genii, invented for every corporation and scene in Roman life, [386];tales of, in Britain and on the Indian Ocean, [420], [426];wide-spread cult of, [479] sq.
	invented for every corporation and scene in Roman life, [386];
	tales of, in Britain and on the Indian Ocean, [420], [426];
	wide-spread cult of, [479] sq.
	Gladiators, municipal shows of, in Petronius, [134];Trajan provides 10,000 on his Dacian triumph, [234];protests against, by Seneca and Demonax, [235];schools of, [236], [241];shows began in Campania, [ib.];school of, at Pompeii, [237];notices in the inscriptions, [238];enthusiasm for, [ib.];shows in remote places, [239];after battle of Bedriacum, [240];less popular in Greece, except at Corinth, [241];various cost of, [241];classes who furnished gladiators, attractions of the profession, [242] sq.;organisation of a school; a college of gladiators, [243]
	municipal shows of, in Petronius, [134];
	Trajan provides 10,000 on his Dacian triumph, [234];
	protests against, by Seneca and Demonax, [235];
	schools of, [236], [241];
	shows began in Campania, [ib.];
	school of, at Pompeii, [237];
	notices in the inscriptions, [238];
	enthusiasm for, [ib.];
	shows in remote places, [239];
	after battle of Bedriacum, [240];
	less popular in Greece, except at Corinth, [241];
	various cost of, [241];
	classes who furnished gladiators, attractions of the profession, [242] sq.;
	organisation of a school; a college of gladiators, [243]
	God, new conceptions of, [5];in Seneca, [305];God of the Stoics, varying conceptions of, [307];demand for a moral God, [389];Stoicism fades into Platonism, [391];the Stoic god has no claim to worship, [ib.];vague higher conceptions of, [396], [603];a transcendent Deity, [397];Plutarch’s highest idea of, [418];man’s relation to, according to Maximus of Tyre, [421];relation of, to daemons, [425] sqq.
	new conceptions of, [5];
	in Seneca, [305];
	God of the Stoics, varying conceptions of, [307];
	demand for a moral God, [389];
	Stoicism fades into Platonism, [391];
	the Stoic god has no claim to worship, [ib.];
	vague higher conceptions of, [396], [603];
	a transcendent Deity, [397];
	Plutarch’s highest idea of, [418];
	man’s relation to, according to Maximus of Tyre, [421];
	relation of, to daemons, [425] sqq.

	Hadrian, letter of, to Servianus, [397];tests the omniscience of Delphi, [435];dabbled in astrology, and other dark arts, [450], [503];his love of travel, [503];his faint belief in immortality, [503];a sceptic, [536];the Canopus of, at his villa at Tibur, [567];conspiracy against, [41];character of, [503]
	letter of, to Servianus, [397];
	tests the omniscience of Delphi, [435];
	dabbled in astrology, and other dark arts, [450], [503];
	his love of travel, [503];
	his faint belief in immortality, [503];
	a sceptic, [536];
	the Canopus of, at his villa at Tibur, [567];
	conspiracy against, [41];
	character of, [503]
	Hellenism, various aspects of, reaction against, from the times of the elder Cato, [88];Hellenism of early Emperors, [88], [89];Roman prejudice against Greeks, [90];why Greeks succeeded under the Empire, [91];Greek grammatici, [91];Greeks as doctors, [92];Greek parasites, [93];love of Greek in Pliny’s days, [166] sq.
	various aspects of, reaction against, from the times of the elder Cato, [88];
	Hellenism of early Emperors, [88], [89];
	Roman prejudice against Greeks, [90];
	why Greeks succeeded under the Empire, [91];
	Greek grammatici, [91];
	Greeks as doctors, [92];
	Greek parasites, [93];
	love of Greek in Pliny’s days, [166] sq.
	Helvidius Priscus, violence of, [40];flouts Vespasian, [ib.]
	violence of, [40];
	flouts Vespasian, [ib.]
	Herculaneum, temple of Magna Mater at, [548];frescoes of, illustrating the worship of Isis, [578]
	temple of Magna Mater at, [548];
	frescoes of, illustrating the worship of Isis, [578]
	Herodes Atticus, gifts of, to many communities, [225] sqq.;friend of Demonax and Plutarch, [364], [403];on the uses of wealth, [232];claimed descent from the Aeacidae, [225]
	gifts of, to many communities, [225] sqq.;
	friend of Demonax and Plutarch, [364], [403];
	on the uses of wealth, [232];
	claimed descent from the Aeacidae, [225]
	Herodotus, identifies Greek and Egyptian deities, [561];on Mithra, [589]
	identifies Greek and Egyptian deities, [561];
	on Mithra, [589]
	Hesiod, on daemons, [427]
	Holconii, the, of Pompeii, public honours and benefactions of, [223]
	Horace, love of the country, and memories of Mount Vultur in, [196], [198];journey to Brundisium, [206];on beneficence, [190]
	love of the country, and memories of Mount Vultur in, [196], [198];
	journey to Brundisium, [206];
	on beneficence, [190]
	Hortensius, Q., luxury of, [71];poverty of his descendants, [ib.]
	luxury of, [71];
	poverty of his descendants, [ib.]

	Icelus, raised to rank by Galba, [107];journey of, to Spain, [206]
	raised to rank by Galba, [107];
	journey of, to Spain, [206]
	Immortality, ideas of, depend on ideas of God, [484];“We know not what we shall be,” [485];faith in the Manes, [486];evidence of epitaphs on, [487] sqq.;Lemures, [488] sq.;the Mundus, [489];mingled elements in Virgil’s Inferno, [491] sqq.;Roman longing for posthumous sympathy, [488];Orphic and Pythagorean influences on Virgil, [494];evidence of inscriptions on belief in, [496] sqq.;Epicurean negation of, [498] sq.;philosophic opinion on, [449] sqq.;Lucretius and Julius Caesar on, [500], [501];attitude of Epictetus, [504];Galen’s ideas of, [505] sq.;M. Aurelius on, [507] sqq.;Seneca on, [514] sq.;Apollonius of Tyana on, [518] sq.;Plutarch on, [521] sqq.;Platonic imagery of the future world, and its influence on Plutarch, [523] sq.;belief in, fostered by Isiac worship, [575], [583];and by Mithraism, [609]
	ideas of, depend on ideas of God, [484];
	“We know not what we shall be,” [485];
	faith in the Manes, [486];
	evidence of epitaphs on, [487] sqq.;
	Lemures, [488] sq.;
	the Mundus, [489];
	mingled elements in Virgil’s Inferno, [491] sqq.;
	Roman longing for posthumous sympathy, [488];
	Orphic and Pythagorean influences on Virgil, [494];
	evidence of inscriptions on belief in, [496] sqq.;
	Epicurean negation of, [498] sq.;
	philosophic opinion on, [449] sqq.;
	Lucretius and Julius Caesar on, [500], [501];
	attitude of Epictetus, [504];
	Galen’s ideas of, [505] sq.;
	M. Aurelius on, [507] sqq.;
	Seneca on, [514] sq.;
	Apollonius of Tyana on, [518] sq.;
	Plutarch on, [521] sqq.;
	Platonic imagery of the future world, and its influence on Plutarch, [523] sq.;
	belief in, fostered by Isiac worship, [575], [583];
	and by Mithraism, [609]
	Inns, poor and disreputable, [207]
	Isis, prescriptions of, in dreams, [461];transformation of her worship by the Ptolemies, [560];at the Peiraeus, [ib.];influence of Greek settlers in Egypt, and of Greek mysticism, [561], [563] sq.;lofty conception of, in Apuleius, [563];date of her introduction in Italy, [ib.];power over women, [565];repeated persecution of her worshippers, first century, B.C., [565];in the reign of Tiberius, [566];favoured by Otho and the Flavians, [567];Domitian builds a temple to, in 92 A.D., classes who propagated the worship of, [567] sq.;spread through all Western Europe, [568] sq.;secret of her fascination, [569];highest conception of, [572];a real spiritual power, [574];gives the hope of immortality, [575];impressive ritual of, [576];daily offices, [577] sq.;her rites in frescoes of Herculaneum, [578];great festivals of, the procession to the shore described, [578] sq.;her priesthood, including women, [580], [582];sacred guilds, Isiaci, Pastophori, etc., [581];syncretism of her worship, [ib.];her priesthood a separate caste, their presbyteries, and ascetic life, [582]
	prescriptions of, in dreams, [461];
	transformation of her worship by the Ptolemies, [560];
	at the Peiraeus, [ib.];
	influence of Greek settlers in Egypt, and of Greek mysticism, [561], [563] sq.;
	lofty conception of, in Apuleius, [563];
	date of her introduction in Italy, [ib.];
	power over women, [565];
	repeated persecution of her worshippers, first century, B.C., [565];
	in the reign of Tiberius, [566];
	favoured by Otho and the Flavians, [567];
	Domitian builds a temple to, in 92 A.D., classes who propagated the worship of, [567] sq.;
	spread through all Western Europe, [568] sq.;
	secret of her fascination, [569];
	highest conception of, [572];
	a real spiritual power, [574];
	gives the hope of immortality, [575];
	impressive ritual of, [576];
	daily offices, [577] sq.;
	her rites in frescoes of Herculaneum, [578];
	great festivals of, the procession to the shore described, [578] sq.;
	her priesthood, including women, [580], [582];
	sacred guilds, Isiaci, Pastophori, etc., [581];
	syncretism of her worship, [ib.];
	her priesthood a separate caste, their presbyteries, and ascetic life, [582]

	Jerome, S., account of the grades of initiation in Mithraism by, [611];genealogies in, [70]
	account of the grades of initiation in Mithraism by, [611];
	genealogies in, [70]
	Jews, growing influence of, in the first century A.D.;especially under the Flavian dynasty, [83];spread of Jewish observances, [84];foster superstition, [84]
	growing influence of, in the first century A.D.;
	especially under the Flavian dynasty, [83];
	spread of Jewish observances, [84];
	foster superstition, [84]
	Julian, his hatred of Oenomaus of Gadara, [364]
	Jumentarii, at the gates of towns, [206]
	Juvenal, his views of society compared with Tacitus, [58];social rank and early training of, [59];experience as a client, [ib.];bitterness of, [60];dates of his Satires, [60];he and Martial have a common stock of subjects, [60], [61];plebeian pride, and old Roman prejudice, combined with the moral feeling of a later age, [63];attitude to religion, [64];extravagant pessimism, his ideal in the past, [65];great movements of society described by, and sometimes misunderstood, [69];decay of the noble class described by, [69];contempt for new men, [70];signs of aristocratic poverty, [72];his ideal of senatorial dignity, [74];treatment of women in the Sixth Satire, its faults, [76];condemns mere eccentricities and even laudable tastes, [77];distrusts growing culture of women, [79], [80];fighting a lost battle, [81];scorn for women’s devotion to eastern cults, [82];pessimism about women had some justification, [84] sqq.;his judgments must be taken with some reserve, [87];indignation at the invasion of the Greeks, [88];humiliation of the client, [93];general poverty, [95];the cry of the poor, and Roman contempt for industry and trade, [98];Juvenal compared with Pliny, as a painter of society, [141]
	his views of society compared with Tacitus, [58];
	social rank and early training of, [59];
	experience as a client, [ib.];
	bitterness of, [60];
	dates of his Satires, [60];
	he and Martial have a common stock of subjects, [60], [61];
	plebeian pride, and old Roman prejudice, combined with the moral feeling of a later age, [63];
	attitude to religion, [64];
	extravagant pessimism, his ideal in the past, [65];
	great movements of society described by, and sometimes misunderstood, [69];
	decay of the noble class described by, [69];
	contempt for new men, [70];
	signs of aristocratic poverty, [72];
	his ideal of senatorial dignity, [74];
	treatment of women in the Sixth Satire, its faults, [76];
	condemns mere eccentricities and even laudable tastes, [77];
	distrusts growing culture of women, [79], [80];
	fighting a lost battle, [81];
	scorn for women’s devotion to eastern cults, [82];
	pessimism about women had some justification, [84] sqq.;
	his judgments must be taken with some reserve, [87];
	indignation at the invasion of the Greeks, [88];
	humiliation of the client, [93];
	general poverty, [95];
	the cry of the poor, and Roman contempt for industry and trade, [98];
	Juvenal compared with Pliny, as a painter of society, [141]

	Lambaesis, the camp at, how it grew into a municipium, [208];military colleges at, [283];temple of Isis at, [568];worship of Mithra at, [595]
	the camp at, how it grew into a municipium, [208];
	military colleges at, [283];
	temple of Isis at, [568];
	worship of Mithra at, [595]
	Lanuvium, college at, [260]
	Lemuria, the, described, [489]
	Libraries, restocked with MSS. by Domitian, [53];Trimalchio’s Greek and Latin libraries, [131];rapid production of books, [156]
	restocked with MSS. by Domitian, [53];
	Trimalchio’s Greek and Latin libraries, [131];
	rapid production of books, [156]
	Literature, in the Antonine age, [3];in Pliny’s days, [157];literary amateurs abound, [ib.];Pliny’s poetry, [159];love of Cicero, [158];the plague of readings, [160], [172];decadence of, [163], [173];Silius Italicus, [164] sq.;composition in Greek, [166];Titinius Capito, a historian, [167];devotion to poetry, and its causes, influence of the Augustan tradition, [pg 633][169];fashion of the archaic style, [170];Domitian founds a literary competition, its influence, [171];literary men generally born in provincial places, [196];Demonax rebukes literary archaism, [367]
	in the Antonine age, [3];
	in Pliny’s days, [157];
	literary amateurs abound, [ib.];
	Pliny’s poetry, [159];
	love of Cicero, [158];
	the plague of readings, [160], [172];
	decadence of, [163], [173];
	Silius Italicus, [164] sq.;
	composition in Greek, [166];
	Titinius Capito, a historian, [167];
	devotion to poetry, and its causes, influence of the Augustan tradition, [pg 633][169];
	fashion of the archaic style, [170];
	Domitian founds a literary competition, its influence, [171];
	literary men generally born in provincial places, [196];
	Demonax rebukes literary archaism, [367]
	Livy, on decay of augury, [445];on the Bacchanalian scandal, [563];on the apocryphal books of Numa, [564]
	on decay of augury, [445];
	on the Bacchanalian scandal, [563];
	on the apocryphal books of Numa, [564]
	Lucan, on the worship of Isis, [568];betrays his mother, his death, [471];style of, referred to in the Satiricon of Petronius, [123]
	on the worship of Isis, [568];
	betrays his mother, his death, [471];
	style of, referred to in the Satiricon of Petronius, [123]
	Lucian, his war against the Cynics, [337];yet sometimes approaches their view of life, [337] sq.;the Charon of, [338];the Hermotimus of, witnesses to a moral movement, [341] sqq.;the Cynic in his Banquet, and Fugitives, [350];his treatment of the character of Peregrinus, [354] sqq.;visit to Olympia at the time of the Cynic’s suicide, [355];how he regarded it, and watched the growth of a myth, [357] sq.;description of the new oracle of Abonoteichos, [474] sqq.;ridicule of superstition in the Philopseudes, [490];reference to Mithra, [590]
	his war against the Cynics, [337];
	yet sometimes approaches their view of life, [337] sq.;
	the Charon of, [338];
	the Hermotimus of, witnesses to a moral movement, [341] sqq.;
	the Cynic in his Banquet, and Fugitives, [350];
	his treatment of the character of Peregrinus, [354] sqq.;
	visit to Olympia at the time of the Cynic’s suicide, [355];
	how he regarded it, and watched the growth of a myth, [357] sq.;
	description of the new oracle of Abonoteichos, [474] sqq.;
	ridicule of superstition in the Philopseudes, [490];
	reference to Mithra, [590]
	Lucretius, on immortality, [500], [501];on Magna Mater, [547]
	on immortality, [500], [501];
	on Magna Mater, [547]
	Luxury, Juvenal’s view of, [65];Roman luxury in Republican times, [67];luxury a relative term, [68];luxury of the Roman villa, chiefly in marbles, [177];the luxury of travelling, progresses of Nero, [206]
	Juvenal’s view of, [65];
	Roman luxury in Republican times, [67];
	luxury a relative term, [68];
	luxury of the Roman villa, chiefly in marbles, [177];
	the luxury of travelling, progresses of Nero, [206]

	Maecenas, counsels of, to Augustus in Dion Cassius, [446], [533];Trimalchio, a freedman of, [128] n.
	counsels of, to Augustus in Dion Cassius, [446], [533];
	Trimalchio, a freedman of, [128] n.
	Magna Mater, brought from Pessinus, 204 B.C., [548];no Roman priest of, for 100 years, [ib.];growing popularity of, at Rome, in Spain and Dacia, [549];legend of, [ib.];her festival in spring, [550];her priests in the inscriptions, [550] sq.;her sacred colleges, [551];her disreputable followers in Apuleius, [ib.] sqq.;her worship transmuted, [554];the taurobolium and its history, [556];alliance of, with Mithra, and Attis, [556] sq.;women admitted to sacred rank, [557];identified with Maia, Demeter, Bona Dea, etc., [559]
	brought from Pessinus, 204 B.C., [548];
	no Roman priest of, for 100 years, [ib.];
	growing popularity of, at Rome, in Spain and Dacia, [549];
	legend of, [ib.];
	her festival in spring, [550];
	her priests in the inscriptions, [550] sq.;
	her sacred colleges, [551];
	her disreputable followers in Apuleius, [ib.] sqq.;
	her worship transmuted, [554];
	the taurobolium and its history, [556];
	alliance of, with Mithra, and Attis, [556] sq.;
	women admitted to sacred rank, [557];
	identified with Maia, Demeter, Bona Dea, etc., [559]
	Majesty, the law of, under the Empire, [33]
	Malaga, inscriptions of, [209]
	Manetho, treatise of, on myths, [561];assists the first Ptolemy in recasting Isiac worship, [ib.]
	treatise of, on myths, [561];
	assists the first Ptolemy in recasting Isiac worship, [ib.]
	Marcian, on Colleges, [255]
	Martial, deals with the same social subjects as Juvenal, [61];his graphic picture of the age, [61], [62];better side of, love of country life, picture of the farm of Faustinus, love of Bilbilis, [62];on Regulus, [156];on literary amateurs, [157];on Silius Italicus, [158];relations of, with Pliny, [158];regret for the capital, [198]
	deals with the same social subjects as Juvenal, [61];
	his graphic picture of the age, [61], [62];
	better side of, love of country life, picture of the farm of Faustinus, love of Bilbilis, [62];
	on Regulus, [156];
	on literary amateurs, [157];
	on Silius Italicus, [158];
	relations of, with Pliny, [158];
	regret for the capital, [198]
	Maximus of Tyre, character of his Discourses, [349];conciliation of anthropomorphism with a higher vision of God by, [395];ethical theory of, [421];daemonology of, [429];fortified by tales of apparitions, [491];influenced by Aristotle, [421]
	character of his Discourses, [349];
	conciliation of anthropomorphism with a higher vision of God by, [395];
	ethical theory of, [421];
	daemonology of, [429];
	fortified by tales of apparitions, [491];
	influenced by Aristotle, [421]
	Medicine, profession of, filled by Greeks, [92];great physicians, Antonius Musa, the Stertinii, etc., [ib.];sneers against, [ib.];public physicians in municipal towns, [219];income and munificence of the Stertinii, [224];science of, in the second century, superstitious elements, [459];how blended with real skill, [462];skilled physicians in temples of Asclepius, [465]
	profession of, filled by Greeks, [92];
	great physicians, Antonius Musa, the Stertinii, etc., [ib.];
	sneers against, [ib.];
	public physicians in municipal towns, [219];
	income and munificence of the Stertinii, [224];
	science of, in the second century, superstitious elements, [459];
	how blended with real skill, [462];
	skilled physicians in temples of Asclepius, [465]
	Medixtuticus, title of, still preserved in Oscan towns, [203]
	Minucius Felix, quoted, [545];on the festivals of Isis, [578] n.;on daemons, [433]
	quoted, [545];
	on the festivals of Isis, [578] n.;
	on daemons, [433]
	Miracles, Origen and Celsus on, [481];universal belief in, [482];miracles in temples of Serapis, [573];Vespasian consents to work, [ib.]
	Origen and Celsus on, [481];
	universal belief in, [482];
	miracles in temples of Serapis, [573];
	Vespasian consents to work, [ib.]
	Mithra, growing power of, [386];the taurobolium a part of his worship, [556];alliance of, with Magna Mater and Attis, [ib.], [589] sq.;in the Vedas and Avestas, [586];in the Zoroastrian system, [587];the God of kings, [ib.];influence of Babylon on the worship of, [587];influence of syncretism in Asia Minor on, [588];the taurobolium probably borrowed, [ib.];origin of the Tauroctonus group, date of the introduction of thecult into Europe, [590];Plutarch’s statement in the Life of Pompey, [ib.];worship of, in the Flavian age, [ib.];syncretism of, [592];worship of, propagated by soldiers, civil servants, etc., [ib.];stages of its diffusion through Italy, [593];and north of the Alps, [594];progress of the worship along the Danube, [594] sqq.;legions which propagated it in Pannonia, [595];remains of, in Upper Germany, [596];in England, [597];in Gaul, [ib.];its many attractions, [ib.];Persian symbolism, [598];Babylonian elements in, astrology, [598], [602], sq.;relative influence of Iran and Babylon, different views of, [599];influence of Platonism and Pythagoreanism on, [600];doctrine of the soul’s descent, [ib.];cosmic theory, doctrine of emanation, and deification of elemental powers, [601] sqq.;Mithra as mediator in two senses, [604] sq.;the Dadophori, [ib.], [606];the legend recovered from monuments, [605];the petra genetrix, [ib.];symbolism of the slaughtered bull, [606];agape of Mithra and Sun, [607];various interpretations of the legend, [607];Mithraism a religion of combat, [608];its consolations, [ib.];its eschatology, [609];effect of the taurobolium, [ib.];ritual and sacraments of, [610];daily offices, and festivals of, [611];seven grades of the initiated, [611];ordeals of, [612];guilds of, [612];rites regarded as a diabolic parody of the Church, [613];description of the chapels of, [ib.] sq.;how Mithraism escaped persecution, [614];how it fostered theocratic ideas at Rome, [617] sqq.;a great imperial cult, [619];last days of, [ib.];worship of, a great effort of syncretism, [620];moral and mystic strength of, [621];relations to Christianity, [622];similarities between them, [623];weaknesses of Mithraism, [624];inseparably involved with Nature-worship, [626]
	growing power of, [386];
	the taurobolium a part of his worship, [556];
	alliance of, with Magna Mater and Attis, [ib.], [589] sq.;
	in the Vedas and Avestas, [586];
	in the Zoroastrian system, [587];
	the God of kings, [ib.];
	influence of Babylon on the worship of, [587];
	influence of syncretism in Asia Minor on, [588];
	the taurobolium probably borrowed, [ib.];
	origin of the Tauroctonus group, date of the introduction of the
	cult into Europe, [590];
	Plutarch’s statement in the Life of Pompey, [ib.];
	worship of, in the Flavian age, [ib.];
	syncretism of, [592];
	worship of, propagated by soldiers, civil servants, etc., [ib.];
	stages of its diffusion through Italy, [593];
	and north of the Alps, [594];
	progress of the worship along the Danube, [594] sqq.;
	legions which propagated it in Pannonia, [595];
	remains of, in Upper Germany, [596];
	in England, [597];
	in Gaul, [ib.];
	its many attractions, [ib.];
	Persian symbolism, [598];
	Babylonian elements in, astrology, [598], [602], sq.;
	relative influence of Iran and Babylon, different views of, [599];
	influence of Platonism and Pythagoreanism on, [600];
	doctrine of the soul’s descent, [ib.];
	cosmic theory, doctrine of emanation, and deification of elemental powers, [601] sqq.;
	Mithra as mediator in two senses, [604] sq.;
	the Dadophori, [ib.], [606];
	the legend recovered from monuments, [605];
	the petra genetrix, [ib.];
	symbolism of the slaughtered bull, [606];
	agape of Mithra and Sun, [607];
	various interpretations of the legend, [607];
	Mithraism a religion of combat, [608];
	its consolations, [ib.];
	its eschatology, [609];
	effect of the taurobolium, [ib.];
	ritual and sacraments of, [610];
	daily offices, and festivals of, [611];
	seven grades of the initiated, [611];
	ordeals of, [612];
	guilds of, [612];
	rites regarded as a diabolic parody of the Church, [613];
	description of the chapels of, [ib.] sq.;
	how Mithraism escaped persecution, [614];
	how it fostered theocratic ideas at Rome, [617] sqq.;
	a great imperial cult, [619];
	last days of, [ib.];
	worship of, a great effort of syncretism, [620];
	moral and mystic strength of, [621];
	relations to Christianity, [622];
	similarities between them, [623];
	weaknesses of Mithraism, [624];
	inseparably involved with Nature-worship, [626]
	Monarchy, Seneca’s conception of, [16];hereditary succession and adoption, [27];ideal of, in Dion Chrysostom, [377], sqq.;apotheosis of, in third century, [615] sqq.;attitude of Tacitus to, [21]
	Seneca’s conception of, [16];
	hereditary succession and adoption, [27];
	ideal of, in Dion Chrysostom, [377], sqq.;
	apotheosis of, in third century, [615] sqq.;
	attitude of Tacitus to, [21]
	Morals, divorced from politics and speculation, [290] sq.;became a religion in Seneca, [305];relation of precept and dogma, [ib.];freedom and necessity, [311];the fall of man, [312];Plutarch’s theory of, [410] sqq.
	divorced from politics and speculation, [290] sq.;
	became a religion in Seneca, [305];
	relation of precept and dogma, [ib.];
	freedom and necessity, [311];
	the fall of man, [312];
	Plutarch’s theory of, [410] sqq.
	Municipal life, picture of, in Petronius, [133] sqq.;rapid organisation of, in Spain, Gaul, Dacia, etc., immense growth of towns, [200];Baden in 69 A.D., [201];Thamugadi in Numidia, [202];policy of government towards provincial towns, [203];drift towards uniformity of civic organisation, influence of the capital, [204];how towns were formed, [207];development from castra stativa, [207], sq.;soldiers allowed to live with their families in the third century, [208];municipal town aristocratic in constitution, [209], [231];Album Canusii, [210];the honestiores, [ib.];popular election the rule in the first century, [211];magistracies, [212];their burdens, signs of decay, [212];powers of the duumvirs, [213];the Curia, its numbers, qualification, and privileges, [214], [215];local Equites, [215];Augustales, their importance, organisation, insignia, etc., [216], [217];municipal finance, [218];public charges, food, education, medical attendance, [219];public works, [220];finances, and maladministration of Bithynian towns in Trajan’s reign, [220], [221];municipal life of Pompeii, [222], sqq.;generous gifts to towns, [223], [225];examples from the inscriptions, [226] sqq.;public feasts on a great scale, [229];gifts of money according to social rank, [230];tone of town life, [231];pleasures of, [233];gladiatorial shows, [236] sqq.;how the community rewarded benefactors, [244] sq.;municipal meanness, [245];decaying local patriotism, [246];Plutarch on, [247];growing centralisation and interference, [248];shadows of the end, [249]
	picture of, in Petronius, [133] sqq.;
	rapid organisation of, in Spain, Gaul, Dacia, etc., immense growth of towns, [200];
	Baden in 69 A.D., [201];
	Thamugadi in Numidia, [202];
	policy of government towards provincial towns, [203];
	drift towards uniformity of civic organisation, influence of the capital, [204];
	how towns were formed, [207];
	development from castra stativa, [207], sq.;
	soldiers allowed to live with their families in the third century, [208];
	municipal town aristocratic in constitution, [209], [231];
	Album Canusii, [210];
	the honestiores, [ib.];
	popular election the rule in the first century, [211];
	magistracies, [212];
	their burdens, signs of decay, [212];
	powers of the duumvirs, [213];
	the Curia, its numbers, qualification, and privileges, [214], [215];
	local Equites, [215];
	Augustales, their importance, organisation, insignia, etc., [216], [217];
	municipal finance, [218];
	public charges, food, education, medical attendance, [219];
	public works, [220];
	finances, and maladministration of Bithynian towns in Trajan’s reign, [220], [221];
	municipal life of Pompeii, [222], sqq.;
	generous gifts to towns, [223], [225];
	examples from the inscriptions, [226] sqq.;
	public feasts on a great scale, [229];
	gifts of money according to social rank, [230];
	tone of town life, [231];
	pleasures of, [233];
	gladiatorial shows, [236] sqq.;
	how the community rewarded benefactors, [244] sq.;
	municipal meanness, [245];
	decaying local patriotism, [246];
	Plutarch on, [247];
	growing centralisation and interference, [248];
	shadows of the end, [249]
	Musonius, his ideal of chastity, [77];condemns the Sophists, [344];exile of, under Nero; character of his teaching; preaches to the soldiery in 69 A.D., [348]
	his ideal of chastity, [77];
	condemns the Sophists, [344];
	exile of, under Nero; character of his teaching; preaches to the soldiery in 69 A.D., [348]

	Nature, love of, in Virgil, [197];in Pliny, [174];in Martial, [ib.], [62], [198]
	love of, in Virgil, [197];
	in Pliny, [174];
	in Martial, [ib.], [62], [198]
	Nero, hereditary taint of, [17];not without some good qualities, [17];could inspire affection, [18];his devotion to art, and its evil results, [19];a cupitor incredibilium, [20];his waste leads to cruel oppression, [20], [21];examples of wild profusion, [32];his superstition, [45], [536];compelled by the mob to recall Octavia, [49];popular indignation at his appearance on the stage, [74];the “Noctes Neronis,” [75];his phil-Hellenism, [89];silences Delphi, [434];belief in astrology, [448];propitiates his mother’s shade, [491];flattery of, by the Arval Brothers, [542];worshipped by Tiridates, [617];violence to Delphi, [472]
	hereditary taint of, [17];
	not without some good qualities, [17];
	could inspire affection, [18];
	his devotion to art, and its evil results, [19];
	a cupitor incredibilium, [20];
	his waste leads to cruel oppression, [20], [21];
	examples of wild profusion, [32];
	his superstition, [45], [536];
	compelled by the mob to recall Octavia, [49];
	popular indignation at his appearance on the stage, [74];
	the “Noctes Neronis,” [75];
	his phil-Hellenism, [89];
	silences Delphi, [434];
	belief in astrology, [448];
	propitiates his mother’s shade, [491];
	flattery of, by the Arval Brothers, [542];
	worshipped by Tiridates, [617];
	violence to Delphi, [472]
	Nerva, retrenchments of, [32];first provided for poor children, [192]
	retrenchments of, [32];
	first provided for poor children, [192]
	Nicomedia, D. Chrysostom on its public vices, [373]
	Numa, apocryphal books of, [564]

	Octavia, divorced on false charge, and recalled by Nero at the bidding of the mob, [49]
	Oenomaus of Gadara, rejection of myth and oracles by, [363];theory of oracles, [364];Julian’s denunciation of, [ib.]
	rejection of myth and oracles by, [363];
	theory of oracles, [364];
	Julian’s denunciation of, [ib.]
	Olbia, D. Chrysostom’s visit to, [371] sq.
	Oracles, decay of, [434];revival of, [386];theory of their inspiration, [437] sqq.;and of their cessation, [437], [471];that of Abonoteichos defers to the older, [472];many oracles not silenced till the reign of Constantine, [473];how an oracle was worked, [474];oracles in Boeotia, [471]
	decay of, [434];
	revival of, [386];
	theory of their inspiration, [437] sqq.;
	and of their cessation, [437], [471];
	that of Abonoteichos defers to the older, [472];
	many oracles not silenced till the reign of Constantine, [473];
	how an oracle was worked, [474];
	oracles in Boeotia, [471]
	Orphic mysticism, the, [427]; influence of, on Virgil, [494];on Mithraism, [600];on belief in immortality, [516]
	influence of, on Virgil, [494];
	on Mithraism, [600];
	on belief in immortality, [516]
	Osterburken, remains of Mithra worship at, [596]
	Ostia, colleges at, [215];cult of Mithra at, [591];temple of Magna Mater at, [ib.]
	colleges at, [215];
	cult of Mithra at, [591];
	temple of Magna Mater at, [ib.]
	Otho, extravagance of, [32];his belief in astrology, [45], [448];devotion of soldiers to, [50];his end, [449];flattered by the Arval Brotherhood, [541];the first Emperor who took part in Isiac worship, [566]
	extravagance of, [32];
	his belief in astrology, [45], [448];
	devotion of soldiers to, [50];
	his end, [449];
	flattered by the Arval Brotherhood, [541];
	the first Emperor who took part in Isiac worship, [566]
	Ovid, his ideal of womanhood, [77], [142];shocked by the influence of the theatre on women, [86];attitude to religion, [532]
	his ideal of womanhood, [77], [142];
	shocked by the influence of the theatre on women, [86];
	attitude to religion, [532]

	Pallas, power and insolence of, receives the adulation of the Senate, his wealth, and his end, [111]
	Panaetius and the Scipionic circle, [293]; modification of Stoicism by, [408];abandons belief in immortality, [500];rejects divination, [530];little sympathy with popular religion, [531]
	modification of Stoicism by, [408];
	abandons belief in immortality, [500];
	rejects divination, [530];
	little sympathy with popular religion, [531]
	Panthea, mistress of L. Verus, charms of, described by Lucian, [115]
	Paphlagonia, superstition of, [474]
	Pastophori of Isis, the, recognised by Sulla, [565];scribe of, [570]
	recognised by Sulla, [565];
	scribe of, [570]
	Peregrinus, early history of, connection with the Christians, and self-immolation, [354];Lucian’s attacks on his character, [354];assumes that the motive of Peregrinus was notoriety, [356];Peregrinus influenced by eastern mysticism, [355];character of, in Aulus Gellius, [358]
	early history of, connection with the Christians, and self-immolation, [354];
	Lucian’s attacks on his character, [354];
	assumes that the motive of Peregrinus was notoriety, [356];
	Peregrinus influenced by eastern mysticism, [355];
	character of, in Aulus Gellius, [358]
	Pessimism, of Seneca, [10], [11], [14], [303], [313];of Tacitus, [30], [46];Juvenal, [65];M. Aurelius, [304], [335];of the Greek poets, [416]
	of Seneca, [10], [11], [14], [303], [313];
	of Tacitus, [30], [46];
	Juvenal, [65];
	M. Aurelius, [304], [335];
	of the Greek poets, [416]
	Petronius, shared in the “Noctes Neronis,” [75];various opinions as to the date and object of his Satiricon, [120];motive of the work, [122];the Petronius of Tacitus, his character and his end; the Satiricon only a fragment, [124];not without a higher moral tone, [125];originality of Petronius, [126];the scene and the characters, [127]
	shared in the “Noctes Neronis,” [75];
	various opinions as to the date and object of his Satiricon, [120];
	motive of the work, [122];
	the Petronius of Tacitus, his character and his end; the Satiricon only a fragment, [124];
	not without a higher moral tone, [125];
	originality of Petronius, [126];
	the scene and the characters, [127]
	Philosophy, power of, in government, [6];Stoic opposition in the first century, [39], [151] sqq.;was it ever a dangerous force? [40];new ideals of humanity, [63];elevating influence of, [190];change in the conception of, in the first century, [289];practical interest in predominant, causes of the change, [339], [290] sq.;eclecticism and scepticism in, [ib.], [408], [412];necessity for moral reform, [292];private direction of souls, [293];directors in great houses, [294];the philosopher a generis humani paedagogus, [299];modifications of Stoicism in Seneca, [314] sqq., [306];“nulla virtus sine philosophia,” [341];eclecticism, [343];the Cynic opposition, [362] sq.;eclecticism of Dion Chrysostom, [368] sq.;need of a philosophic théodicée, [384];effort of, to rehabilitate myth, [432]
	power of, in government, [6];
	Stoic opposition in the first century, [39], [151] sqq.;
	was it ever a dangerous force? [40];
	new ideals of humanity, [63];
	elevating influence of, [190];
	change in the conception of, in the first century, [289];
	practical interest in predominant, causes of the change, [339], [290] sq.;
	eclecticism and scepticism in, [ib.], [408], [412];
	necessity for moral reform, [292];
	private direction of souls, [293];
	directors in great houses, [294];
	the philosopher a generis humani paedagogus, [299];
	modifications of Stoicism in Seneca, [314] sqq., [306];
	“nulla virtus sine philosophia,” [341];
	eclecticism, [343];
	the Cynic opposition, [362] sq.;
	eclecticism of Dion Chrysostom, [368] sq.;
	need of a philosophic théodicée, [384];
	effort of, to rehabilitate myth, [432]
	Pheidias, the Olympian Zeus of, [380];his defence of anthropomorphism in D. Chrysostom, [382]
	the Olympian Zeus of, [380];
	his defence of anthropomorphism in D. Chrysostom, [382]
	Pisa, disturbance at elections in, [212]
	Piso, the conspiracy of, [47] sq.
	Platonism, few adherents of, in the first century, [408];affected Panaetius, [ib.];and Seneca, [308];and Plutarch, [409];its daemonology, [430];encouraged belief in immortality, [501];visionary power of the great Master, [523];influence on Mithraism, [600]
	few adherents of, in the first century, [408];
	affected Panaetius, [ib.];
	and Seneca, [308];
	and Plutarch, [409];
	its daemonology, [430];
	encouraged belief in immortality, [501];
	visionary power of the great Master, [523];
	influence on Mithraism, [600]
	Plebeian life, picture of, in Petronius, [132] sqq.;in the inscriptions, [252] sq., [271]
	picture of, in Petronius, [132] sqq.;
	in the inscriptions, [252] sq., [271]
	Pliny, the elder, on Roman luxury, [67], [68];care of his nephew, [145];life, character, and prodigious industry of, [146];scorn for popular religion, [535];superstition of, [451];rejection of immortality, [502];on town life in Spain and Gaul, [201] sq.;description of baths of Posides, [112];on the Stertinii, [224]
	on Roman luxury, [67], [68];
	care of his nephew, [145];
	life, character, and prodigious industry of, [146];
	scorn for popular religion, [535];
	superstition of, [451];
	rejection of immortality, [502];
	on town life in Spain and Gaul, [201] sq.;
	description of baths of Posides, [112];
	on the Stertinii, [224]
	Pliny, the younger, ideal of the principate in the Panegyric, [43];compared with Juvenal as a painter of society, [141];idealised his circle, [142], [185];his blameless aristocrats, [144];early life of, influence of Quintilian on, [149];student friends, [150];admiration of the Stoic circle, [151];military service, and entrance on forensic work, [153] sq.;the Centumviral court, [154] sq.;sketch of Regulus, [155] sqq.;passion for fame, [157];literary amateurs, [157];befriends Martial, [158];admiration for Cicero, and for Greece, [158];his loose verses, [159];ideas of oratory, [160];value of his Letters, [161], [163];imitated in fourth century, [ib.];their principle of arrangement, and date, [162];his devotion to literature, [164];admiration for Tacitus, [ib.];his judgment of Silius Italicus, [ib.];theory of life, [165];literary coteries, Greek verse writing, [166];writers of history, [167];literary competitions, [171];the plague of recitations; Pliny gives readings himself, and punctually attends them: his estimate of their value, [173];weariness of the capital and love of the country, [174];not a sportsman, [175];pictures of Roman country seats, [175];routine of country life, [179];management of [pg 636]rural estates, [180];Pliny’s kindness to slaves and dependents, [181];view of suicide, [183];Corellius Rufus, [184];Pliny’s belief in the solidarity of rank, and the duty of mutual support, [186];his superstition, [452], [490];delight in helping young men of the upper class, [187];love for Calpurnia, and ideal of girlhood, [188], [189];last glimpse of Pliny and Calpurnia, [189];he represents the finest moral tone of the age, [190];his many benefactions and their amount, [193], [224]
	ideal of the principate in the Panegyric, [43];
	compared with Juvenal as a painter of society, [141];
	idealised his circle, [142], [185];
	his blameless aristocrats, [144];
	early life of, influence of Quintilian on, [149];
	student friends, [150];
	admiration of the Stoic circle, [151];
	military service, and entrance on forensic work, [153] sq.;
	the Centumviral court, [154] sq.;
	sketch of Regulus, [155] sqq.;
	passion for fame, [157];
	literary amateurs, [157];
	befriends Martial, [158];
	admiration for Cicero, and for Greece, [158];
	his loose verses, [159];
	ideas of oratory, [160];
	value of his Letters, [161], [163];
	imitated in fourth century, [ib.];
	their principle of arrangement, and date, [162];
	his devotion to literature, [164];
	admiration for Tacitus, [ib.];
	his judgment of Silius Italicus, [ib.];
	theory of life, [165];
	literary coteries, Greek verse writing, [166];
	writers of history, [167];
	literary competitions, [171];
	the plague of recitations; Pliny gives readings himself, and punctually attends them: his estimate of their value, [173];
	weariness of the capital and love of the country, [174];
	not a sportsman, [175];
	pictures of Roman country seats, [175];
	routine of country life, [179];
	management of [pg 636]rural estates, [180];
	Pliny’s kindness to slaves and dependents, [181];
	view of suicide, [183];
	Corellius Rufus, [184];
	Pliny’s belief in the solidarity of rank, and the duty of mutual support, [186];
	his superstition, [452], [490];
	delight in helping young men of the upper class, [187];
	love for Calpurnia, and ideal of girlhood, [188], [189];
	last glimpse of Pliny and Calpurnia, [189];
	he represents the finest moral tone of the age, [190];
	his many benefactions and their amount, [193], [224]
	Plutarch, on the duties of municipal life, [247];early history of, [401];friends of, at Rome, [402];love of Chaeronea, and Delphi, [403];visits to other parts of Greece, [403];table talk of, [404];his historic power, [406];ethical motive in, predominant, [405];admiration for Plato, [409];eclecticism, [ib.];attacks Stoic psychology, [410];adopts some Aristotelian principles, [412];yet has many Stoic elements, [414];his treatment of Fate and free-will, [412];ideal of moral teaching, [413];conception of theology, [417];idea of God, [418];of matter and evil, [419];treatment of myth and religious symbol, [423];daemonology, [430] sqq.;used to rehabilitate myth, [432];interest in Delphi, [435] sqq.;theory of inspiration, [439];on the future state, [496] sq.;on comfort in the Mysteries, [516];Consolation to his wife on the death of their daughter, [520] sq.;arguments for immortality, [521] sqq.;visions of the future world, [523] sqq.;reference to Mithra as a mediator, [590];on the first appearance of Mithraism in Europe, [590];tales of ghosts at Chaeronea, [490]
	on the duties of municipal life, [247];
	early history of, [401];
	friends of, at Rome, [402];
	love of Chaeronea, and Delphi, [403];
	visits to other parts of Greece, [403];
	table talk of, [404];
	his historic power, [406];
	ethical motive in, predominant, [405];
	admiration for Plato, [409];
	eclecticism, [ib.];
	attacks Stoic psychology, [410];
	adopts some Aristotelian principles, [412];
	yet has many Stoic elements, [414];
	his treatment of Fate and free-will, [412];
	ideal of moral teaching, [413];
	conception of theology, [417];
	idea of God, [418];
	of matter and evil, [419];
	treatment of myth and religious symbol, [423];
	daemonology, [430] sqq.;
	used to rehabilitate myth, [432];
	interest in Delphi, [435] sqq.;
	theory of inspiration, [439];
	on the future state, [496] sq.;
	on comfort in the Mysteries, [516];
	Consolation to his wife on the death of their daughter, [520] sq.;
	arguments for immortality, [521] sqq.;
	visions of the future world, [523] sqq.;
	reference to Mithra as a mediator, [590];
	on the first appearance of Mithraism in Europe, [590];
	tales of ghosts at Chaeronea, [490]
	Politta, wife of Rubellius Plautus, courage and devotion of, [49]
	Polybius, freedman minister of Claudius, life of, described by Seneca, [108]
	Polybius, the historian, his attitude to Roman religion, [531]
	Pompeii, situation and various industries of, [223];family of the Holconii, Eumachia, their gifts to the town, [223];amphitheatre and temple of Isis at, [224], [563];election placards at, [211];tombs of Alexandrian traders at, [567];colleges of “late sleepers” and “late drinkers” at, [265]
	situation and various industries of, [223];
	family of the Holconii, Eumachia, their gifts to the town, [223];
	amphitheatre and temple of Isis at, [224], [563];
	election placards at, [211];
	tombs of Alexandrian traders at, [567];
	colleges of “late sleepers” and “late drinkers” at, [265]
	Pontifex Maximus, the, [534]; office held by the Emperors, its power, [535]
	office held by the Emperors, its power, [535]
	Poppaea, her sympathy with Judaism, [83]
	Post, the public, organisation of, [206];Pliny’s use of, for Calpurnia, [189]
	organisation of, [206];
	Pliny’s use of, for Calpurnia, [189]
	Poverty, contempt for, [104];common in Juvenal’s time, [94];D. Chrysostom on, [375]
	contempt for, [104];
	common in Juvenal’s time, [94];
	D. Chrysostom on, [375]
	Prayer, an effort of adoration, [394];a colloquy with God, [420]
	an effort of adoration, [394];
	a colloquy with God, [420]
	Preachers, the philosophic, Apollonius, [347];Musonius, [348];Maximus of Tyre, [349];Dion Chrysostom, [370] sqq.
	Apollonius, [347];
	Musonius, [348];
	Maximus of Tyre, [349];
	Dion Chrysostom, [370] sqq.
	Prudentius, description of the taurobolium by, [558]
	Public works, mismanagement of, in Bithynia, [220] sq.;curator of, [ib.];undertaken by private persons, evidence of inscriptions on, [225] sq.
	mismanagement of, in Bithynia, [220] sq.;
	curator of, [ib.];
	undertaken by private persons, evidence of inscriptions on, [225] sq.
	Pythagoreanism, not extinct in the first century B.C., [398];daemonology of, [428];influence of, on Virgil, [493] sq.;on Seneca, [515];connection with the Mysteries, [516];spiritual influence of, [517];influence on the mythology of Egypt, [562];and on Mithraism, [600]
	not extinct in the first century B.C., [398];
	daemonology of, [428];
	influence of, on Virgil, [493] sq.;
	on Seneca, [515];
	connection with the Mysteries, [516];
	spiritual influence of, [517];
	influence on the mythology of Egypt, [562];
	and on Mithraism, [600]

	Quintilian, career of, as a teacher, and high moral influence, [149];treats immortality as an open question, [502]
	career of, as a teacher, and high moral influence, [149];
	treats immortality as an open question, [502]

	Readings, the plague of, in Juvenal, [59], [95];in Pliny, [160], [173];in Martial, [61]
	the plague of, in Juvenal, [59], [95];
	in Pliny, [160], [173];
	in Martial, [61]
	Regulus, M. Aquilius, career of, as delator, [37];as pleader, his wealth, and eccentricities, [155], [156]
	career of, as delator, [37];
	as pleader, his wealth, and eccentricities, [155], [156]
	Religion, old Roman, decay of, from the second Punic War, [529];its causes, [530];attitude to, of Varro, Panaetius, Polybius, [531];Augustan restoration of, [533];conservative influence of the chief pontificate, [535];early emperors continue the Augustan policy, [536];reverence for the oldest Latin deities in the inscriptions, [538];Jupiter, [543];Hercules, Silvanus, and the Nymphs, [539];revival of the Arval Brotherhood, [540] sqq.;feeling of the educated to, [544];real strength of, [545];last champions of, in the fourth century, [546];its formalism compared with the eastern worships, [554]
	decay of, from the second Punic War, [529];
	its causes, [530];
	attitude to, of Varro, Panaetius, Polybius, [531];
	Augustan restoration of, [533];
	conservative influence of the chief pontificate, [535];
	early emperors continue the Augustan policy, [536];
	reverence for the oldest Latin deities in the inscriptions, [538];
	Jupiter, [543];
	Hercules, Silvanus, and the Nymphs, [539];
	revival of the Arval Brotherhood, [540] sqq.;
	feeling of the educated to, [544];
	real strength of, [545];
	last champions of, in the fourth century, [546];
	its formalism compared with the eastern worships, [554]

	Scepticism, from the second Punic War, [530];the scepticism of the elder Pliny, Seneca, Juvenal, etc., [535]
	from the second Punic War, [530];
	the scepticism of the elder Pliny, Seneca, Juvenal, etc., [535]
	Seleucus, an astrologer of Otho, [448]
	Senate, the, prestige and ancient claims of, [38];hated and feared by bad princes, [38], [39];respect for, under good Emperors, [39];theoretical position of, under the Empire, [41], [42];Pliny’s Panegyric throws light on, [44];moral degradation of, shown in 69 A.D., [50];poverty of many great houses, [51], [71];insults heaped on, by Emperors, [51];reduction of its numbers by massacre [pg 637]etc., [71];great families pensioned by Emperors, [71];Senators compelled to act and fight as gladiators, [73], [74];scorn of, for freedmen, [113];frivolity of, in Pliny’s time, [185];senatorial life in the country, [174] sqq.
	prestige and ancient claims of, [38];
	hated and feared by bad princes, [38], [39];
	respect for, under good Emperors, [39];
	theoretical position of, under the Empire, [41], [42];
	Pliny’s Panegyric throws light on, [44];
	moral degradation of, shown in 69 A.D., [50];
	poverty of many great houses, [51], [71];
	insults heaped on, by Emperors, [51];
	reduction of its numbers by massacre [pg 637]etc., [71];
	great families pensioned by Emperors, [71];
	Senators compelled to act and fight as gladiators, [73], [74];
	scorn of, for freedmen, [113];
	frivolity of, in Pliny’s time, [185];
	senatorial life in the country, [174] sqq.
	Seneca, his experience of the tyranny, [7], [8];sad close of his life, [9];knowledge of character, how acquired, [9];conception of the state of nature, and pessimism of, [10], [11], [14], [304], [313];ghastly picture of high society, [11];of slavery, [12], [329];his terrors, [13];attitude to philosophic revolutionaries, [15];conception of imperial power, [16];ideal of female character and capacity, [188];anticipates the movement of the Antonine age, [190];as a spiritual director, [294];his undoubted power, [295];his experience prepared him for the work, [296] sqq.;his court-life and wealth, [ib.];contrasts in, [297];calumnies against, [298];conception of the great office of philosophy, [299];attitude to liberal studies, [300];treatment of Physics, the moral effects and lessons of the study, [301] sqq.;intense earnestness of, [304];defends and quotes Epicurus, [306];yet often a Stoic dogmatist, [ib.];conception of God, [307], [390];influenced by Platonism, [308];his psychology, [308] sq.;necessity and conversion, [311];the fall of man, [312];Aristotelian elements in, [314] sq.;humility of, [316];his disciples of the upper class, [317];on philosophic retreat, [318];his precepts for moral growth, [320] sqq.;death a mere bugbear, [322];attitude to myth, [ib.];on public duty, [325];on the social instinct, kindness, forgiveness, etc., [327];his ideal of womanhood, [329];Seneca and Thomas à Kempis, [331];his view of immortality approaches the Christian, [5], [13] sqq.;Pythagorean influences on, [515]
	his experience of the tyranny, [7], [8];
	sad close of his life, [9];
	knowledge of character, how acquired, [9];
	conception of the state of nature, and pessimism of, [10], [11], [14], [304], [313];
	ghastly picture of high society, [11];
	of slavery, [12], [329];
	his terrors, [13];
	attitude to philosophic revolutionaries, [15];
	conception of imperial power, [16];
	ideal of female character and capacity, [188];
	anticipates the movement of the Antonine age, [190];
	as a spiritual director, [294];
	his undoubted power, [295];
	his experience prepared him for the work, [296] sqq.;
	his court-life and wealth, [ib.];
	contrasts in, [297];
	calumnies against, [298];
	conception of the great office of philosophy, [299];
	attitude to liberal studies, [300];
	treatment of Physics, the moral effects and lessons of the study, [301] sqq.;
	intense earnestness of, [304];
	defends and quotes Epicurus, [306];
	yet often a Stoic dogmatist, [ib.];
	conception of God, [307], [390];
	influenced by Platonism, [308];
	his psychology, [308] sq.;
	necessity and conversion, [311];
	the fall of man, [312];
	Aristotelian elements in, [314] sq.;
	humility of, [316];
	his disciples of the upper class, [317];
	on philosophic retreat, [318];
	his precepts for moral growth, [320] sqq.;
	death a mere bugbear, [322];
	attitude to myth, [ib.];
	on public duty, [325];
	on the social instinct, kindness, forgiveness, etc., [327];
	his ideal of womanhood, [329];
	Seneca and Thomas à Kempis, [331];
	his view of immortality approaches the Christian, [5], [13] sqq.;
	Pythagorean influences on, [515]
	Sentinum, college of Mithra at, [593]
	Serapis, his temple of healing at Canopus, [461];his origin, various theories of, [561] sq.;linked with Jupiter in the inscriptions, [562];lofty conception of, in Aristides, [572], [574];miracles in his temples, [573];a guide and judge of souls, [575];his boundless sway, [583]
	his temple of healing at Canopus, [461];
	his origin, various theories of, [561] sq.;
	linked with Jupiter in the inscriptions, [562];
	lofty conception of, in Aristides, [572], [574];
	miracles in his temples, [573];
	a guide and judge of souls, [575];
	his boundless sway, [583]
	Sidonius Apollinaris, imitation of Pliny’s Letters in, [162] sq.;refers to Sulpicia, [80];to Petronius, [121]
	imitation of Pliny’s Letters in, [162] sq.;
	refers to Sulpicia, [80];
	to Petronius, [121]
	Silius Italicus, Pliny’s estimate of, [164];career and tastes of, [165];a connoisseur, [177];suicide of, [184]
	Pliny’s estimate of, [164];
	career and tastes of, [165];
	a connoisseur, [177];
	suicide of, [184]
	Slavery, moral and political effects of, according to Seneca, [12];courage of Octavia’s slave girls, [48];transition from slavery to freedom, [116] sq.;kindly feeling, [117], [257];manumission, how obtained, [118];growing peculium of trusted slaves, [118];tie between patron and freedman, [119];duties and generosity of patrons, [ib.];rise of the freedmen, [ib.];Pliny’s kindness to slaves, [181];harsh masters and their perils, [182];slave class dwindling, [252];slaves in the colleges, [281]
	moral and political effects of, according to Seneca, [12];
	courage of Octavia’s slave girls, [48];
	transition from slavery to freedom, [116] sq.;
	kindly feeling, [117], [257];
	manumission, how obtained, [118];
	growing peculium of trusted slaves, [118];
	tie between patron and freedman, [119];
	duties and generosity of patrons, [ib.];
	rise of the freedmen, [ib.];
	Pliny’s kindness to slaves, [181];
	harsh masters and their perils, [182];
	slave class dwindling, [252];
	slaves in the colleges, [281]
	Society, circuli, [13];gossip, [33];extravagant luxury, [66];respect for birth and manufacture of genealogies, [69], [70];poverty and mendicancy of great houses, [71], [72];wider interests among women [78];culture of Roman women from Cornelia to Serena, wife of Stilicho, [80];dangerous temptations of women’s life, [85] sq.;general poverty under the Empire, [94] sq.;mean trades more lucrative than cultivated professions, [95];society materialised, [ib.];contempt for poverty, [97];grossness of freedmen, [132] sqq.;a sounder class in the worst days, [143];wholesome force of Roman tradition, and country life, [144];old-fashioned retreats of virtue, [147];love of country life, [174];suicide, [183];wedded life of Calpurnia and Pliny, [188] sq.;new moral ideals in Seneca, Juvenal, and Pliny, [190];duties of wealth, [191];public spirit of the age, [193];rage for amusement, [234] sqq.;municipal gratitude and meanness, [245];need of association in clubs, etc., [256] sqq.;immense force of the movement, [266] sqq.;ennui and self-abandonment of upper class, [304], [319] sq.;need for popular evangelism, how the Cynics supplied it, [335], [360]
	circuli, [13];
	gossip, [33];
	extravagant luxury, [66];
	respect for birth and manufacture of genealogies, [69], [70];
	poverty and mendicancy of great houses, [71], [72];
	wider interests among women [78];
	culture of Roman women from Cornelia to Serena, wife of Stilicho, [80];
	dangerous temptations of women’s life, [85] sq.;
	general poverty under the Empire, [94] sq.;
	mean trades more lucrative than cultivated professions, [95];
	society materialised, [ib.];
	contempt for poverty, [97];
	grossness of freedmen, [132] sqq.;
	a sounder class in the worst days, [143];
	wholesome force of Roman tradition, and country life, [144];
	old-fashioned retreats of virtue, [147];
	love of country life, [174];
	suicide, [183];
	wedded life of Calpurnia and Pliny, [188] sq.;
	new moral ideals in Seneca, Juvenal, and Pliny, [190];
	duties of wealth, [191];
	public spirit of the age, [193];
	rage for amusement, [234] sqq.;
	municipal gratitude and meanness, [245];
	need of association in clubs, etc., [256] sqq.;
	immense force of the movement, [266] sqq.;
	ennui and self-abandonment of upper class, [304], [319] sq.;
	need for popular evangelism, how the Cynics supplied it, [335], [360]
	Socrates, theories of his daemon, [438]
	Sophists, the, influence of, [4];frivolous subjects and showy style of, condemned by philosophers, [344];Plutarch’s opinion of, [413]
	influence of, [4];
	frivolous subjects and showy style of, condemned by philosophers, [344];
	Plutarch’s opinion of, [413]
	Sotion, trains Seneca in Pythagorean asceticism, [296]
	Spain, growth of towns in, [200];journey of Icelus in, to reach Galba, [206];little affected by Mithraism, [597];worship of Isis in, [567]
	growth of towns in, [200];
	journey of Icelus in, to reach Galba, [206];
	little affected by Mithraism, [597];
	worship of Isis in, [567]
	Spectacles, the, Senators descend into the arena, [73];women present at, mingling with men at the Circus, [86];obscenities of the theatre, [ib.];number of days in the year given to, [234];scene in Flavian Amphitheatre, [235]
	Senators descend into the arena, [73];
	women present at, mingling with men at the Circus, [86];
	obscenities of the theatre, [ib.];
	number of days in the year given to, [234];
	scene in Flavian Amphitheatre, [235]
	Spurinna, Vestricius, a verse writer, [166];his orderly life a type, [175]
	a verse writer, [166];
	his orderly life a type, [175]
	Statius, his sketches of the great imperial freedmen, [109] sqq.;of the villas of [pg 638]Manlius Vopiscus, and Pollius Felix, [176];reference to Mithra in the Thebaid, [589] sq.
	his sketches of the great imperial freedmen, [109] sqq.;
	of the villas of [pg 638]Manlius Vopiscus, and Pollius Felix, [176];
	reference to Mithra in the Thebaid, [589] sq.
	Stoicism, the God of, [307];gospel of, in Seneca, [309] sq.;freedom and necessity, [311];weakness of its moral theory, [313];instantaneous conversion, [ib.];no intermediate states of character, [ib.];modifications of, [314];relation to Cynicism, [323], [359];competing tendencies in, [324];the two cities, Zeno on civic duty, [325];the brotherhood of man, [328];the religion of Stoicism breaks down, [391], [512];later Stoic mysticism, [392];influence of Panaetius, [408], [530];its theory of human nature assailed by Plutarch, [410] sq.;older Stoic belief in a limited immortality, [500];ideal of life in M. Aurelius, [509];Stoic attitude to augury, etc., [530]
	the God of, [307];
	gospel of, in Seneca, [309] sq.;
	freedom and necessity, [311];
	weakness of its moral theory, [313];
	instantaneous conversion, [ib.];
	no intermediate states of character, [ib.];
	modifications of, [314];
	relation to Cynicism, [323], [359];
	competing tendencies in, [324];
	the two cities, Zeno on civic duty, [325];
	the brotherhood of man, [328];
	the religion of Stoicism breaks down, [391], [512];
	later Stoic mysticism, [392];
	influence of Panaetius, [408], [530];
	its theory of human nature assailed by Plutarch, [410] sq.;
	older Stoic belief in a limited immortality, [500];
	ideal of life in M. Aurelius, [509];
	Stoic attitude to augury, etc., [530]
	Strabo, on oracles and augury, [471];on the temple of Serapis at Canopus, [461]
	on oracles and augury, [471];
	on the temple of Serapis at Canopus, [461]
	Suetonius, career of, [168];Pliny’s friendship for, [ib.];a dilatory author, [168];superstition of, [452], [535];secretary of Hadrian, [169]
	career of, [168];
	Pliny’s friendship for, [ib.];
	a dilatory author, [168];
	superstition of, [452], [535];
	secretary of Hadrian, [169]
	Suffetes, title of, preserved in Africa under the Empire, [203]
	Suicide, Pliny’s view of, [183];suicide of Euphrates, [356];Stoic view of, [356];suicide of Peregrinus, [357];of Silius Italicus, [184];of Corellius Rufus, [184];Hadrian’s wish for, [356];a suicide on Lake Como, [184]
	Pliny’s view of, [183];
	suicide of Euphrates, [356];
	Stoic view of, [356];
	suicide of Peregrinus, [357];
	of Silius Italicus, [184];
	of Corellius Rufus, [184];
	Hadrian’s wish for, [356];
	a suicide on Lake Como, [184]
	Sulla, recognises the Isiac cult in 80 B.C., [565]
	Sulpicia, verses of, mentioned by Martial and Sidonius, [80]
	Sun worship, the highest form of nature-worship, [585] sq.;Aurelian’s temple, [586];Mithra identified with the Sun at Babylon, [587];influence of, in fostering theocratic ideas in the Empire, [617] sq.
	the highest form of nature-worship, [585] sq.;
	Aurelian’s temple, [586];
	Mithra identified with the Sun at Babylon, [587];
	influence of, in fostering theocratic ideas in the Empire, [617] sq.
	Superstition, tales of, at Trimalchio’s table, [131], [136];of Regulus, [156];of Suetonius and Pliny, [168];various conceptions of, [443];Plutarch on, [443] sq.;astrology, [446] sqq.;superstition of the Emperors, [447] sqq.;of the great writers of the age, [451] sqq.;its connection with medicine in the temples, [459];dream oracles, [461];Aristides has visits from the gods, [466];superstition of Rutilianus and the Roman nobles in the reign of M. Aurelius, [475];rampant in Paphlagonia, [476] sq.;cult of Genii, [479];universal belief in miracles, [482];apparitions in the Philopseudes of Lucian, [490];encouraged by Mithraism, [602]
	tales of, at Trimalchio’s table, [131], [136];
	of Regulus, [156];
	of Suetonius and Pliny, [168];
	various conceptions of, [443];
	Plutarch on, [443] sq.;
	astrology, [446] sqq.;
	superstition of the Emperors, [447] sqq.;
	of the great writers of the age, [451] sqq.;
	its connection with medicine in the temples, [459];
	dream oracles, [461];
	Aristides has visits from the gods, [466];
	superstition of Rutilianus and the Roman nobles in the reign of M. Aurelius, [475];
	rampant in Paphlagonia, [476] sq.;
	cult of Genii, [479];
	universal belief in miracles, [482];
	apparitions in the Philopseudes of Lucian, [490];
	encouraged by Mithraism, [602]
	Symmachus, religious conservatism of, [546];Letters of, [161]
	religious conservatism of, [546];
	Letters of, [161]
	Syncretism, in Aristides, [388];in Apuleius, [ib.];in Plutarch, [424];of the oriental worships, [558];in the worship of Isis, [581];and of Serapis, [583];Mithraism the greatest effort of, [585], [592];at Babylon, [587];in Asia Minor, [588]
	in Aristides, [388];
	in Apuleius, [ib.];
	in Plutarch, [424];
	of the oriental worships, [558];
	in the worship of Isis, [581];
	and of Serapis, [583];
	Mithraism the greatest effort of, [585], [592];
	at Babylon, [587];
	in Asia Minor, [588]

	Tacitus, his attitude to the tyranny of the early Caesars, [21];early history and experience of, [22];various views of, [23];the key to his tone as a historian, [24];a moralist, rather than a politician, [25], [26];views of the future, [26], [27];belief in birth and traditions, [28];early training, and ideal of family life, [28], [29];admiration for Agricola, [29];his experience had affected his ideas of human nature and of the Divine government, [30];gloomy view of the time, [46];wavering attitude to superstition, [453], [535];faint hope of immortality, [502];account of Serapis, [562]
	his attitude to the tyranny of the early Caesars, [21];
	early history and experience of, [22];
	various views of, [23];
	the key to his tone as a historian, [24];
	a moralist, rather than a politician, [25], [26];
	views of the future, [26], [27];
	belief in birth and traditions, [28];
	early training, and ideal of family life, [28], [29];
	admiration for Agricola, [29];
	his experience had affected his ideas of human nature and of the Divine government, [30];
	gloomy view of the time, [46];
	wavering attitude to superstition, [453], [535];
	faint hope of immortality, [502];
	account of Serapis, [562]
	Tarsus, D. Chrysostom on its vices, [370]
	Taurobolium, the, enthralling power of, [547];first glimpse of, [549];offered for Ant. Pius in 160, [ib.];suspected by the Fathers, [555];history of, [556];Anaitis and Artemis Tauropolus, [ib.];question whether it became part of the worship of Mithra, [ib.], [609];its ceremonial and cost, [557] sq.;its meaning and effects, [609]
	enthralling power of, [547];
	first glimpse of, [549];
	offered for Ant. Pius in 160, [ib.];
	suspected by the Fathers, [555];
	history of, [556];
	Anaitis and Artemis Tauropolus, [ib.];
	question whether it became part of the worship of Mithra, [ib.], [609];
	its ceremonial and cost, [557] sq.;
	its meaning and effects, [609]
	Tertullian, his tale of a priest of Cybele, [549];on the taurobolium, [555];holds up priests of Isis as an example, [582];his view of the sacraments of Mithra, [613]
	his tale of a priest of Cybele, [549];
	on the taurobolium, [555];
	holds up priests of Isis as an example, [582];
	his view of the sacraments of Mithra, [613]
	Theagenes, pupil of Peregrinus, [354];lectures in Rome, [ib.]
	pupil of Peregrinus, [354];
	lectures in Rome, [ib.]
	Theatre, the, a great corruptor, [86]
	Thespesius of Soli, his vision of the unseen world, [524]
	Thrasea, his character, compared with Paetus and Helvidius Priscus, [152]
	Thrasyllus, an astrologer of Tiberius, [448]
	Tiberius, conservatism of, in religion, [536];little sympathy with Hellenism, [88];cost of his gladiators, [241];belief in astrology, [448];tried the lottery at Padua, [472];persecutes the eastern cults, [566];treatment of descendants of Hortensius, [71];his mot on birth, [70]
	conservatism of, in religion, [536];
	little sympathy with Hellenism, [88];
	cost of his gladiators, [241];
	belief in astrology, [448];
	tried the lottery at Padua, [472];
	persecutes the eastern cults, [566];
	treatment of descendants of Hortensius, [71];
	his mot on birth, [70]
	Timarchus, his visit to the other world, [526] sq.
	Titinius Capito, writes a history of the victims of the Terror, [167]
	Titus, his love of the East and superstition, [449];visit to shrine of the Paphian Venus, [472]
	his love of the East and superstition, [449];
	visit to shrine of the Paphian Venus, [472]
	Trade, great fair at Cremona, [264];[pg 639]wandering traders, their colleges, [ib.];immense development of, [253], [265];Juvenal’s contempt for, [98];encouragement of, by Claudius, [264]
	great fair at Cremona, [264];
	[pg 639]wandering traders, their colleges, [ib.];
	immense development of, [253], [265];
	Juvenal’s contempt for, [98];
	encouragement of, by Claudius, [264]
	Trajan, provision of, for poor children, [192];his friendship with Dion Chrysostom, [369] sq.;vows of the Arval Brotherhood for, [542];Pliny’s Panegyric on, [43]
	provision of, for poor children, [192];
	his friendship with Dion Chrysostom, [369] sq.;
	vows of the Arval Brotherhood for, [542];
	Pliny’s Panegyric on, [43]
	Travel, became general, [205];example of Hadrian, [ib.];easy and luxurious, [ib.];facilities of posting, [206];speed of, by land and sea, [206];passion for change of scene, [330] sqq.;travels of Aristides, [464];of Dion Chrysostom, [368]
	became general, [205];
	example of Hadrian, [ib.];
	easy and luxurious, [ib.];
	facilities of posting, [206];
	speed of, by land and sea, [206];
	passion for change of scene, [330] sqq.;
	travels of Aristides, [464];
	of Dion Chrysostom, [368]
	Trimalchio, the, of Petronius, sketches his own career, [129];his estates, [ib.];description of, [ib.];surprises of his dinner, [130];his libraries and his ignorance, [131];treatment of his wife, [137];gives an order for his monument, [136]
	sketches his own career, [129];
	his estates, [ib.];
	description of, [ib.];
	surprises of his dinner, [130];
	his libraries and his ignorance, [131];
	treatment of his wife, [137];
	gives an order for his monument, [136]
	Trophonius, the oracle of, [461]

	Ummidia Quadratilla, character in Pliny’s Letters, [185];builds a temple and amphitheatre for Casinum, [224]
	character in Pliny’s Letters, [185];
	builds a temple and amphitheatre for Casinum, [224]

	Varro, theology of, [417], [531] sq.;on Magna Mater, [547];Saturae Menippeae of, [126]
	theology of, [417], [531] sq.;
	on Magna Mater, [547];
	Saturae Menippeae of, [126]
	Veleia, tablet of, [192]
	Verginius, Rufus, guardian of Pliny, [145]
	Vespasian, accession of, a moral revolution, [1];his economies, [32], [227];tolerance of the Stoic opposition by, [40];treatment of astrologers, [45];defamed by men of the Neronian circle, [52];Hellenism of, [89];love of old associations, [148];his immense task; combined economy and liberality, [148];banishes the astrologers, yet believes in them, [449];consults the oracle on Mount Carmel, [472];conservative in religion, [536];restores the shrine of Magna Mater at Herculaneum, [548];consents to work miracles at Alexandria, [573]
	accession of, a moral revolution, [1];
	his economies, [32], [227];
	tolerance of the Stoic opposition by, [40];
	treatment of astrologers, [45];
	defamed by men of the Neronian circle, [52];
	Hellenism of, [89];
	love of old associations, [148];
	his immense task; combined economy and liberality, [148];
	banishes the astrologers, yet believes in them, [449];
	consults the oracle on Mount Carmel, [472];
	conservative in religion, [536];
	restores the shrine of Magna Mater at Herculaneum, [548];
	consents to work miracles at Alexandria, [573]
	Vestinus, Atticus, suicide of, under Nero, [48]
	Vestinus, Julius, chief pontiff of Egypt, a secretary of Hadrian, [568]
	Virgil, immense popularity of, his verses in the Graffiti of Pompeii, [170];pictures of rural scenery by, [197];Sortes Virgilianae consulted by Hadrian, [450];Inferno of, its discordant conceptions, [491] sqq.;recitation of the Aeneid at Trimalchio’s table, [131]
	immense popularity of, his verses in the Graffiti of Pompeii, [170];
	pictures of rural scenery by, [197];
	Sortes Virgilianae consulted by Hadrian, [450];
	Inferno of, its discordant conceptions, [491] sqq.;
	recitation of the Aeneid at Trimalchio’s table, [131]
	Vitellius, cruelty and ghastly end of, [240];superstition of, [449];profusion of, [32];treatment of his freedman, Asiaticus, [206];employs Equites as imperial secretaries, [107];his horoscope, [449]
	cruelty and ghastly end of, [240];
	superstition of, [449];
	profusion of, [32];
	treatment of his freedman, Asiaticus, [206];
	employs Equites as imperial secretaries, [107];
	his horoscope, [449]

	Women, high ideal of, in the first century, [77];growth of wider interests in, [78];superstition among, [ib.];emancipation of, began long before the Empire, [79];vices of, in the time of the elder Cato, [ib.];Roman ideal of, lasted to the end, [ib.];cultivated women from Cornelia to Serena, [80];growing influence of, in public life, [81];“Mothers of the camp, patronae,” Curia mulierum at Lanuvium, [81];attractions of eastern cults for, [82];Roman girls carefully guarded till marriage, when their perils began, [84];temptations of Roman matrons, [ib.];dangers of the Circus, theatre, and gladiatorial shows, [86];manners in the freedwomen class, [135];good women of Pliny’s circle, [145];others of doubtful character, [185];Calpurnia, wife of Pliny; their ideal married life, [188] sq.;beautiful character of a girl, [189];ideal of, in Seneca, [329];light women keep fasts of Isis, [553], [565], [570];female worshippers of Magna Mater, [557]
	high ideal of, in the first century, [77];
	growth of wider interests in, [78];
	superstition among, [ib.];
	emancipation of, began long before the Empire, [79];
	vices of, in the time of the elder Cato, [ib.];
	Roman ideal of, lasted to the end, [ib.];
	cultivated women from Cornelia to Serena, [80];
	growing influence of, in public life, [81];
	“Mothers of the camp, patronae,” Curia mulierum at Lanuvium, [81];
	attractions of eastern cults for, [82];
	Roman girls carefully guarded till marriage, when their perils began, [84];
	temptations of Roman matrons, [ib.];
	dangers of the Circus, theatre, and gladiatorial shows, [86];
	manners in the freedwomen class, [135];
	good women of Pliny’s circle, [145];
	others of doubtful character, [185];
	Calpurnia, wife of Pliny; their ideal married life, [188] sq.;
	beautiful character of a girl, [189];
	ideal of, in Seneca, [329];
	light women keep fasts of Isis, [553], [565], [570];
	female worshippers of Magna Mater, [557]

	Xenocrates, on bad daemons, [431], [433]
	Xenophanes, on legend, [544]

	Zoticus, freedman of Elagabalus, sources of his wealth, [112]

THE END

Printed in Great Britain by R. & R. Clark, Limited, Edinburgh.

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