FOOTNOTES:
[1] This illustration is taken from Mr. Villiers Stuart's work, "Nile Gleanings."
[2] "A History of Egypt under the Pharaohs," by Dr. Henry Brugsch Bey. Translated and edited from the German by Philip Smith, B.A.
[3] "Nile Gleanings," p. 309.
[4] The inscription is taken from the "History of Egypt under the Pharaohs," by Dr. Henry Brugsch Bey. Translated and edited by Philip Smith, B.A. Second edition, pp. 137, 138.
[5] "A History of Egypt under the Pharaohs," by Dr. Henry Brugsch Bey. Translated and edited from the German by Philip Smith, B.A. Second edition, p. 358.
[6] Egypt Exploration Fund: Archæological Report, 1895-1896. Edited by F. L. Griffith, M.A.
[7] "The History of Herodotus," translated by G. C. Macaulay, M.A. 1890. Vol. i. p. 157. (ii. 96 is the reference to the Greek text.)
[8] In Appendix, p. [157], will be found an account of an eighth-century Greek bireme, recently discovered.
[9] For latest information on Greek vessels of Archaic period, see Appendix.
[10] This figure is obtained by adding the height of the lowest oar-port above the water, viz. 3 ft., to 2 ft. 6 in., which is twice the minimum vertical interval between successive banks.
[11] This illustration is taken from Charnock's "History of Marine Architecture." It is copied by Charnock from Basius, who, in his turn, has evidently founded it on the sculptures on Trajan's Column.
[12] "Cæsar, de Bello Gallico," bk. iii. chap. 13.
[13] Vol. xxii., p. 298. Paper by Mr. Colin Archer.
[14] "Archéologie Navale."
[15] W. S. Lindsay, "History of Merchant Shipping and Ancient Commerce," vol. ii. p. 4.
[16] The details, as related by various authorities, differ slightly.
[17] According to some accounts there were 1,497 bronze and 934 iron guns of all calibres.