INDEX.

A
Aberdeen clippers, [153]
Acasta, first English 40-gun frigate, [131]
Adventure, first genuine English frigate, [128]
Alarm, first copper-sheathed frigate, [128]
Alfred the Great founds English Navy, [56]
American clipper, the Great Republic, 1853..[150]
——, ——, the Ocean Herald, 1855..[150]
——, clippers, speeds attained by, [150]
——, cotton-ship, the Bazaar, [148], [149]
——, frigates, superiority of, in 1812..[133]
——, transatlantic sailing-packet the Sir John Franklin, 1840..[148]
Anchors, first use of capstans for weighing, [101]
Ark, Elizabethan warship, [98]
Ark, Noah's, account of, [6]
Armada, Spanish, account of, [97]
Artillery, effect of introduction on designs of ships, [77]
——, first use of, by Venetians on board ship, [77]
——, first use of, in naval warfare, [76], [77]. See also Guns
Artois and Aigle, French frigates of 1781, dimensions of, [129]
Athenian docks, dimensions of, [41]
Aurore, French frigate of 1757, dimensions of, [128]
B
Baltimore clippers, [147]
Barge, Egyptian, used for transporting obelisks down Nile, [21]
Bazaar, American cotton-ship, [148], [149]
Bireme, Greek, of about 500 b.c., [31]
——, ——, of about 800 b.c., [157].
——, Roman, [44]
See also Galleys
Boat, Egyptian, of the third dynasty, [12]
——, ——, of the fourth dynasty, [14]
Boats, Egyptian, in time of Herodotus, [24]
——, ——, of the sixth dynasty, [14]
——, ——, of the twelfth dynasty now in existence, [25]
——, of the ancient Britons, [55]
Bomb-ketches, introduction of, [118]
Brilliant, English frigate of 1757, dimensions of, [128]
Britannia, warship of Charles II., [114], [116]
Britons, boats of, [55]
Buccas, or busses, [67]
C
Cabins, first mention of, on English ships, [73]
Cables, use of, for girding ancient ships, [52]
Cabot's voyages to America, [89]
Cairngorm, clipper, [153]
Caledonia, English first-rate of 1805..[133]
Canynge of Bristol, shipowner of the fifteenth century, [84]
Capstans first used for weighing anchors, [101]
Caravels, [84], [88], [91]
Carracks in the fifteenth century, [81]
——, in the sixteenth century, [96]
——, Spanish and Portuguese, end of the sixteenth century, [101]
Carthaginian naval expedition against Greek colonies, [30]
Caulking of ancient galleys, [53]
Chain-pumps, introduction of, [101]
Challenger, first English clipper, [153]
Charles I., warships of, [108]
Charles II., warships of, [114]
Classification of ships in time of Henry V., [80]
Clipper, American, the Great Republic, 1853..[150]
——, the Ocean Herald, 1855..[150]
——, the Cairngorm, [153]
——, the Lord of the Isles, [153]
Clippers, Aberdeen, [153]
——, American, speeds attained by, [150]
——, Baltimore, [147]
——, English, [153] et seq.
Columbus' ships, [87] et seq.
Commerce de Marseille, French first-rate of 1792, particulars of, [131]
Commerce of England in reign of Henry III., [69]
——, ——, in reign of Edward IV., [85]
Commonwealth, naval expenditure under, [114]
——, naval wars of, [112]
——, warships of, [114]
Competition between Great Britain and the United States for the world's carrying trade in 1850..[2]
——, for the world's carrying trade, probable renewal of, [4]
Constant Warwick, English frigate, 1646..[117]
Construction of Greek and Roman galleys, [40]
Construction of Viking ship, [59]
——, of wooden battleships, [125], [135]
Copper-plating ships' bottoms, introduction of, [128]
Crews of English ships, end of the twelfth century, [67]
——, ——, ——, early fourteenth century, [73]
——, ——, ——, reign of Elizabeth, [98]
——, ——, ——, seventeenth century, [117]
——, of Greek triremes, [42]
——, of Roman quinqueremes, [44]
Cutters, earliest notice of, [111]
D
Danish ship, description of ancient, [63]
Decks, use of, in Egyptian ships, [14], [20]
——, ——, in Greek galleys, [33], [34], [43], [44], [157], [160]
——, ——, in Phœnician galleys, [28]
Dêr-el-Bahari, maritime records on the temple of, [18]
Dimensions of American clippers, [150]
——, of Athenian docks, [41]
——, of Columbus' ship, [89]
——, of East Indiaman of 1752..[123]
——, of English warships, [106], [110], [116], [117], [121], [126], [128], [129], [131], [142]
——, of Greek triremes, [41]
——, of Italian ships built for France in the thirteenth century, [73]
——, of sixteenth century carrack, [96]
Dover seal, ship on, [72]
Drake circumnavigates globe, [99]
Dromons, [67]
E
East India Company, early voyages of, [100], [108]
——, ——, ——, Elizabeth grants charter to, [100]
——, ——, ——, James I. grants charter to, [108]
——, ——, ——, origin of, [100]
——, ——, ——, in 1772..[145]
East Indiaman of 1752..[123], [124]
——, ——, of 1819 (the Thames), [144], [145]
Edward Bonaventure, Elizabethan merchant-ship, [99], [100]
Edward III.'s fleet in 1347..[76]
Edward III., naval wars of, [74]
——, ships of, [76]
Edward IV., English commerce in reign of, [85]
Egypt, favourable situation of, for development of shipbuilding, [7]
——, transport of granite blocks down Nile, [9], [14], [15]
Egyptian barge for transporting obelisks down Nile, [22]
——, boat of the third dynasty, [12]
——, ——, of the fourth dynasty, [14]
——, ——, of the sixth dynasty, [14]
——, boats in time of Herodotus, [24]
——, ——, of the twelfth dynasty, now in existence, [25]
——, maritime expeditions to the land of Punt, [16], [18]
——, naval expedition against the Shepherd Kings, [18]
——, religion, influence of, on the development of shipbuilding, [7]
——, ships used in Hatshepsu's expedition to Punt, [18]
——, warships of Ramses III., [23]
Elizabeth Jones, Elizabethan warship, [98]
Elizabethan fleet, [98], [102]
——, maritime expeditions, [99]
——, merchant-shipping, [98], [99]
English clippers, [153] et seq.
——, commerce in the reign of Henry III., [69]
——, ——, ——, of Edward IV., [85]
——, first-rate of 1637, Sovereign of the Seas, [110]
——, ——, of 1673, Royal Charles, [114], [116]
——, ——, of 1706, Royal Anne, [131]
——, ——, of 1746, Royal George, [125], [127]
——, ——, of 1790, Hibernia, [129]
——, ——, of 1794..[131] et seq.
——, ——, of 1805, Caledonia, [133]
——, ——, of 1815, Howe, [135]
——, ——, time of William IV., Waterloo, [141], [142]
——, ——, beginning of Queen Victoria's reign, Queen, [142], [143]
——, fourth-rate, end of the seventeenth century, [121]
——, mercantile marine in time of James I., [107]
——, ——, ——, in first half of the nineteenth century, [142]
——, second-rate, end of the seventeenth century, [121]
——, shipbuilding, excellence of, in time of Charles I., [111]
——, ships, Sir Walter Raleigh's criticisms on, [107]
——, warships in the reign of Henry VII., [92]
——, ——, ——, of Henry VIII., [93]
——, ——, ——, of Elizabeth, [98]
——, ——, ——, of James I., [104] et seq.
——, ——, ——, of Charles I., [110]
——, ——, in the Commonwealth, [114]
——, ——, in the reign of Charles II., [114], [117]
——, ——, ——, of Anne, [121]
——, ——, ——, of George II., [128]
——, ——, ——, of George III., [129] et seq.
——, ——, ——, of William IV., [142]
——, ——, ——, of Victoria, [142]
——, ——, increase of size of various rates in 1788..[129]
——, ——, of the middle of the eighteenth century, defects of, [123]
F
Falmouth, East Indiaman of 1752, [124], [125]
Fleet of Richard Cœur de Lion for invasion of Palestine, [67]
Fleet of Edward III. for invasion of France in 1347, [76]
——, of Henry V. for invasion of France, [82]
——, of Queen Elizabeth to oppose Armada, [98], [102]
Fleets of the Saxon Kings of England, [56]
Forecastles, developments of, [72], [73], [75], [80], [83], [85], [89], [95], [102]
Frigate, French, of 1780, [129], [131], [134], [135]
Frigates, Brilliant and Aurore, of 1757, dimensions of, [128]
——, introduction of, [117], [128]
——, of thirty-eight guns, introduced 1780, [129]
——, of forty guns, introduced 1792, [131]
——, superiority of American in 1812, [133]
"Free Traders," 147
French first-rate of 1792, particulars of, [131]
——, frigates of 1780, [129], [131], [134], [135]
——, naval architects, influence of, [118], [120]
——, ——, power under Louis XIV., [118]
——, Navy, foundation of, [79]
G
Galleasses, Spanish, 1588, 97
——, Venetian, end of the sixteenth century, [103]
Galleon, Venetian, of the sixteenth century, [78]
Galley, Archaic Greek, about 800 b.c., [157]
——, Greek, without deck, [33]
——, of eleven banks, alleged to have been built in Cyprus, [35]
——, of sixteen banks, brought to Rome by Æmilius Paulus, [36]
——, Phœnician, of the seventh century, [27]
——, Ptolemy Philopater's, criticism of account of, [45]
——, Venetian, of the fourteenth century, [77]
Galleys, ancient, caulking of, [53]
——, ——, structural arrangements of, [51] et seq.
——, ——, timber used in construction of, [50]
——, arrangement of rowers in, [43], [47]
——, Greek and Roman, details of construction of, [40] et seq.
——, Greek, rams of, [31], [52], [53]
——, Liburnian, [37]
——, many-banked, arrangement of oars in, [47]
——, ——, disused after Actium, [37]
——, ——, use of, by Ptolemies, [37]
——, ——, use of, in Greece, [35]
——, reasons for arrangement of oars in banks, [42]
——, Roman, use of lead sheathing in, [53]
——, ——, use of turrets in, [54]
——, ——, used against Carthaginians, [36]
——, speeds of, [48], [50]
——, use of decks in, [28], [34], [36], [43], [44], [157], [160]
——, use of sails in, [43]
——, used by Alexander the Great, [35]
——, Venetian, number of rowers to oars of, [47]
——, with four banks of oars, use of, by Athenians, [35]
——, with five banks of oars, use of, by Athenians and Syracusans, [35]
See also Uniremes, Biremes, Triremes, Quinqueremes, Penteconters
Genoese ship built for France, 1268, [73]
Great Republic, American clipper, 1853, [150]
Greece, ancient, shipbuilding in, [28]
——, favourable geographical situation of, for navigation, [28]
Greek bireme of about 800 b.c., [157]
——, bireme of about 500 b.c., [31]
——, galley without deck, [33]
——, galleys, rams of, [31], [52], [53]
Greek merchant-ship of about 500 b.c., [38]
——, penteconters, [35]
——, triremes, crews of, [42]
——, ——, details of, [41]
——, unireme of about 500 b.c., [31]
Greeks (ancient), naval expeditions of, [29]
Guns, naval, time of Henry VIII., [95]
See also Artillery, Naval Guns
H
Hatshepsu's expedition to the land of Punt, [18]
Henry Grâce à Dieu, warship of Henry VIII., [93]
Henry V., classification of ships of, [81]
——, fleet of, for invasion of France, [82]
——, naval development in reign of, [80]
Henry VI., ship of reign of, [83]
Henry VII., naval development in reign of, [92]
Henry VIII., naval guns in time of, [95]
——, warships of, [93]
Herodotus, account of Egyptian boats by, [24]
Hibernia, battleship of 1790, particulars of, [129]
Hollandia, Dutch warship of 1683..[116]
Howe, English first-rate of 1815..[135]
I
Invincible, French warship of 1747..[126]
Italian fifteenth century ship, [79]
J
James I. appoints Commission to inquire into state of Navy, [104]
——, development of merchant shipping under, [108]
——, warships of, [104] et seq.
L
La Blanche Nef, loss of, [67]
Lancaster's expedition to East Indies, [100]
La Rochelle, naval battle of, in 1372..[77]
Lead-sheathing, use of, in Roman galleys, [53]
Lepanto, naval battle of, [103]
L'Espagnols-sur-Mer, naval battle of, [77]
Liburnian galleys, [37]
Lord of the Isles, Greenock clipper, [153]
Libyan boats in ancient Egypt, [9]
M
Madre de Dios, Portuguese carrack, [101]
Marie la Cordelière, French warship, 1512..[93]
Maritime expedition round Africa sent out by Nekau, [24]
——, ——, to land of Punt, [16], [18]
——, ——, Elizabethan, [99]
See also Naval Expeditions, Naval Wars
Masting of warships in Tudor period, [95]
Masts of ancient Egyptian boats, [13]
Mediæval ships, [65] et seq.
Mercantile Marine of Great Britain in first half of the nineteenth century, [145]
Merchant shipping, development of, under James I., [108]
——, ——, foreign, end of the sixteenth century, [101]
——, ships, ancient, [38]
——, ——, Elizabethan, [99], [100]
——, ——, Greek, of about 500 b.c., [38]
——, ——, Roman, [38]
Minerva, first English 38-gun frigate, [129]
Museums, technical, value of, [3]
N
Naval battle at Lepanto, [103]
——, ——, at Sluys, [74]
Naval battle of La Rochelle in 1372..[77]
——, ——, of L'Espagnols-sur-Mer, [77]
——, ——, off South Foreland in 1217..[70]
——, expedition, Carthaginian, against Greek colonists, [30]
——, expeditions of the ancient Greeks, [29]
——, ——, Persian, against Greece, [29]
——, expenditure under the Commonwealth, [114]
——, guns in time of Henry VIII., [95]
——, power of France under Louis XIV., [118]
——, war with United States in 1812..[133]
——, wars of the Commonwealth, [112]
——, ——, of Edward III., [74]
Navigation, early notions of, [5]
Nekau's attempt to make a Red Sea and Nile canal, [23]
——, expedition round Africa, [24]
Noah's ark, account of, [6]
Norman ships, [65]
Norsemen, ships of, [58]
O
Oars, arrangement of, in galleys of many banks, [47]
——, of Greek triremes, length of, [42]
——, of Venetian galleys, number of rowers to, [47]
Obelisk, transport of, to Rome in 50 A.D., [39]
Obelisks, size and weight of, [21]
——, transport of, down Nile, [21]
Ocean Herald, American clipper, 1855..[150]
Olaf Tryggvesson, large ship built by, [67]
Overland route to India, closing of, in the fifteenth century, [92]
P
Penteconters, Greek, [35]
Persian naval expeditions against Greece, [29]
Pett, Phineas, [104], [110], [111], [114]
Phœnician galley of seventh century, [28]
Phœnicians, commerce of, [26]
——, origin of, [26]
Poole seal, ship on, [74]
Portholes of warships in Tudor period, [95], [101]
——, raising of lower deck at end of the eighteenth century, [131]
Portuguese, discoveries of, in the fifteenth century, [84]
Prince Royal, warship of James I., [104] et seq.
Ptolemies, use of many-banked galleys by, [36]
Ptolemy Philopater's galley, criticism of account of, [45]
Punt, first recorded maritime expedition to the land of, [16]
——, Queen Hatshepsu's expedition to the land of, [18]
Q
Queen, English first-rate, time of Queen Victoria, [142]
Quinqueremes, Roman, crews of, [44]
——, use of, by Alexander the Great, [35]
——, use of, by Romans, [36], [44]
R
Raleigh's criticisms on English ships, [107]
Rams of Greek galleys, [31], [52], [53]
Ramses III., warships of, [23]
Regent, warship built 1490..[92]
Renan, Bernard, [118]
Richard Cœur de Lion, fleet of, [67]
Richard II., ship of reign of, [80]
Rigging, improvements introduced in fourteenth century, [78]
——, improvements in, end of the sixteenth century, [101]
Roman galleys, use of lead sheathing in, [53]
——, ——, use of turrets in, [54]
——, ——, used against Carthaginians, [36], [44]
——, merchant ships, [38]
——, naval power, origin of, [36]
——, quinqueremes, crews of, [44]
Royal Anne, English first-rate of 1706..[131]
Royal Charles, warship of Charles II., [114]
Royal George, particulars of, [126]
Rudders, first use of, in English ships, [74]
S
Sailcloth, linen, made by ancient Egyptians, [25]
Sailing-ships, excellence of American, in the middle of the nineteenth century, [3], [147]
Sails, early use of, in Egypt, [13]
——, papyrus used for, by ancient Egyptians, [25]
——, use of, in galleys, [43]
Sandefjord ship, description of, [58]
Sandwich seal, ship on, [71]
Santa Maria, caravel of Columbus, [88] et seq.
Saracen ship of the twelfth century, [68]
Saxon kings of England, fleets of, [56] ——, ships, [56]
Seppings, Sir Robert, improvements introduced by, in naval construction, [135] et seq.
Shelf-pieces, introduction of, in shipbuilding, [139]
Ship, description of ancient Danish, [63]
——, description of Viking, [59]
——, Genoese, built for France, 1268..[73]
——, Greek merchant, [38]
——, Roman merchant, [38]
——, Italian, of fifteenth century, [79]
——, of Columbus, [87] et seq.
——, of Edward III., [76]
——, of reign of Richard II., [80]
——, ——, of Henry VI., [83]
——, on Dover seal, [72]
——, on Poole seal, [74]
——, on Sandwich seal, [71]
——, Saracen, of the twelfth century, [68]
——, Venetian, built for France, 1268..[73]
——, Venetian, of the twelfth century, of great size, [68]
Ships, classification of, early fifteenth century, [81]
——, earliest mention of, in history, [11]
——, Egyptian, used in Hatshepsu's expedition to Punt, [19]
——, English, of the end of the fifteenth century, [85]
——, mediæval, [65] et seq.
——, Norman, [65]
——, of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, improvements in, [79], [80]
——, of the fourteenth century, crews of, [74]
——, of the Norsemen, [58]
——, of the Saxons, [56]
——, of the Veneti, [55]
——, of Vasco da Gama, [91]
——, the most ancient known, [9]
——, used in Trojan expedition, [31]
See also Merchant-ships, East Indiamen, Warships, West Indiamen
Shipbuilding, cost of timber for, in the nineteenth century, [155]
——, improvements introduced by Sir Robert Seppings, [135] et seq.
——, in ancient Greece, [28] et seq.
——, introduction of shelf-pieces and waterways, [139]
Shipping statistics of the principal maritime powers, [1]
Sir John Franklin, American Transatlantic sailing-packet, 1840..[148]
Sluys, battle of, [74]
Soleil Royal, French warship, end of the seventeenth century, [116]
Sovereign, English warship, time of Henry VII., [92]
Sovereign of the Seas, warship of Charles I., [110]
Spanish Armada, account of, [97]
Speeds attained by American clippers, [150] ——, of galleys, [48], [50]
Square buttocks, abandonment of, in English warships, [106]
Steam navigation, introduction of, [155]
Stern castles, development of, [72], [73], [75], [79], [83], [89], [95], [102]
Stornoway and Chrysolite, first Aberdeen clippers, [153]
Strains, hogging and sagging, on ships, [135]
Structural arrangements of ancient galleys, [51] et seq.
Stuart kings, fondness of for Navy, [104], [108], [114]
T
Thames, East Indiaman, of 1819, [145]
Thetis, West Indiaman, [146], [147]
Timber for shipbuilding, cost of, in the nineteenth century, [155]
——, ——, superstitions of ancients regarding, [50]
——, for warships, methods of treating in the eighteenth century, [122]
——, used in construction of ancient galleys, [50]
Topmasts, introduction of striking, [101]
Trade's Increase, Jacobean merchantman, [108]
Triremes, first use of, in Greece, [29]
——, Greek, crews of, [42]
——, ——, dimensions of, [39]
——, ——, length of oars of, [42]
See also Galleys
Triumph, Elizabethan warship, [98]
Trojan expedition, ships used in, [31]
"Tumble home," why introduced, [78]
Turrets, use of, in Roman galleys, [54]
U
Unireme, Greek, of about 500 b.c., [31].
See also Galleys
V
Vasco da Gama, ships of, [91]
——, voyages of, [91]
Veneti, ships of, [55]
Venetian galleasses, end of the sixteenth century, [103]
——, galleon of the sixteenth century, [78]
——, galley of the fourteenth century, [77]
——, galleys, number of rowers to oars of, [47]
——, ship, built for France, 1268, [73]
——, twelfth century ship of great size, [68]
Venetians, first use of naval artillery by, [77]
——, skill of, in shipbuilding, [69]
Ventilation of warships, middle of the eighteenth century, [123]
Viking ship, description of, [59]
Voyages of Vasco da Gama, [91]
W
Warships of Ramses III., [23]
——, ventilation of, middle of the eighteenth century, [123]
See also English Warships, English First-rates, Frigates,
Fleets, Galleys, Ships, French First-rates
Waterloo, English first-rate, time of William IV., [141], [142]
Waterways, introduction of, in shipbuilding, [139]
West Indiaman, the Thetis, 146

INDEX.

END OF PART I.

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