Through Russian Central Asia

by Stephen Graham

Index

A
Abakum, Pass and Gorge of, [185], [186]-[7];
advertisements in, [187]
Africa taken by Attila, [48]
Agriculturists, emigration of, [138]
Alabaster Mosque, Cairo, [40]
Alai Tau Mountains, [90]
Alakul, Lake, [149]
Alani, the, [47]
Alexander of Macedon, [56]
Alexander the Great, [44]
Alexandrovsky Mountains, [90]
Altai, Central, [218] et seq.
Altai, flora of, [229]
Altai Mountains, the, [8]
Altaiskaya, [220], [228], [229]
Altin-Emel, Government aid to emigrants, [150];
the cross-roads for China, [173], [174]
America—after the war, [265]
Amu-Darya, [24]
Anderson, Wm. C., an open letter to Lord Milner, [253]-[7]
Anglo-Russian friendship, prospects of, [237] et seq.
Antonovka, [94]
Ants, ravages of, [129]-[130]
Apples, the City of. (See Verney)
Arabs and Semitic tribes, conquests of, [49]
Arazan, dinner at, [184]
Arbitration courts, [261]
Arizona, [255]
Artisans, emigration of, [140]
Asbestos, the question of supply of, [246]
Ascension Day, the Russian, [99]
Asia, a former frontier of, [6];
the deserts of, [17], [18]
Askhabad, the railway station, [22];
fall of, [65];
extension of Central Asian Railway to, [68]
Astrakhan, fall of, [64]
Attila, Huns of, [48];
conquests of, [48]
Aulie Ata, captured by Russians, [64];
a mysterious city, [101];
a former Moslem shrine, [104];
the native orchestra, [106];
its cathedral, [113];
sheep as payment, [114];
frequency of earthquakes in, [114];
population of, [123]
Australia, irrigation possibilities in, [255];
railway system of, [259];
military service compulsory in, [259], [261];
federation of, [261];
the Press of, [261]
B
Bactrain labourers, [19]
Baku, [10];
the bazaar, [11];
the harbour, [12]
Balkan war: the St. James’s Conference, [213]
Balkans, the, [18]
Balkhash, Lake, [149], [203]
Balta, [3]
Baltic, islands of, conquered by Attila, [48]
Barber, a Sart, [181]
Barber-photographer, a, [97]
Baskau, River, [189]
Beaconsfield, Lord, and the “keys of India,” [237]
Belukha, Mount, [228]
Bibi Khanum, wife of Tamerlane the Great, [51]
Bielovodsk, [122]
Blagoveshtchensk, Siberians versus Chinese, [171]
Bobrovo, [229]
Bokhara, Ancient and New, [27]
Bokhara, Russian Protectorate of, [25], [66];
absence of hotels in, [27];
scenes in, [27];
a Mohammedan settlement in, [27];
houses, shops, and bazaars of, [28];
its silver coinage, [29];
the sacred stork of, [31];
Russia’s hold on, [32];
power of Mohammedanism in, [35] et seq.;
Uzbeks in, [63];
the Central Asian Railway and, [69]
Bokharese, the, [31]-[2];
and the battle of Irdzhar, [65]
Bokharese delight, [29]
Boxer insurrection, the, [171]
Bozhe-Narimsky, [218], [220]
Brisbane, the, a poem on launch of, [262]-[3]
British Empire, the, necessity for consolidation of, [245]-[6];
white population in, [249], [269];
after-the-war problems, [249] et seq.;
and the Russian Empire, [249]-[270];
expert development of resources necessary, [256];
a Tasmanian view of future problems of, [258]-[262]
British Isles, the, after the war, [265]
Buddhism, attempted introduction of, into Central Asia, [49]
Bulgaria, alienation of, by Britain, [213]
Burnaby’s “Ride to Khiva,” [239]
C
Cabbage pies, [8]
Cairo, [40]
California, [255]
Camel-breeding, Kirghiz women and, [219]
Canada, comparison with Siberia, [208]-[9];
suggested after-the-war measures for, [254];
aliens in, [264]
Carlyle, Thomas: “Heroes and Hero-Worship,” [37]-[9];
his pro-Russian proclivities, [239]
Carpet-making in Transcaspia, [33]
Caspian Sea, the, [10]
Caucasians, author’s impression of, [5]
Caucasus, the, future development of, [5]
Central Asia, ethnology and, [44];
races of, [44] et seq.;
Chinese attempt the introduction of Buddhism, [49]
Central Asian Railway, building of, [66], [68], [69];
consecration of, [69]
Cervus canadensis asiaticus. (See Maral)
Chamberlain, Rt. Hon. Joseph, [251]
Charchafs, [26], [28]
Chardzhui, [25];
extension of Central Asian Railway to, [69]
Cheesecakes, sweet, [8]
Cherkask, [197]
Chimkent, Russian capture of, [64];
the cinema at, [86];
the bazaar, [87];
population of, [123]
China attacked by the Huns, [45]-[6];
the Great Wall of, [46];
Russians in, [70];
the Boxer insurrection, [171];
land proportional to population in, [268]
Chinatown, New York, [26]
Chinawomen and maral horn, [220]
Chinese, altruistic, [176], [182];
a native circus, [176] et seq.
Chinese Tartary, [8];
Mohammedans, [36], [164]
Chingildinsky, [165]
Chingiz Khan, [49]-[50]
Christianity versus Mohammedanism, [37] et seq.
Chugachak, [182]
Churek-cakes, [29]
Cinema theatres, popularity of, [61], [86], [104], [159], [211]
Colonial preference, question of, [245]
Colonials, British admiration for, [267]
“Commonwealth, Prospect of a,” [249] (note)
Confederation of the Round Table, the, [249]
Constantinople, Germany and, [242];
Dostoieffsky on, [242];
and the Great War, [243]
Constantinovka, [132]
Cornucula, [95]
Cotton goods, [206]-[7]
Crooke, William, letter to author, [258]-[262]
Curzon, Earl, [237]
D
Danchenko, Namirovitch, on Russian conquest of India, [238]
Dariel, Gorge of, [5];
the “Kremlin” of, [7]
De Vesselitsky, M., [208]
Deer-farming, [219] et seq.
Dengil-Tepe taken by Kuropatkin, [65]
Denmark, conquest of, by Attila, [48]
Derevnyi, [122]
Desert, the, railways in, [17];
wheatfields in, [19], [20];
antiquity of, [20];
its flora, [20]
Dockers, Persian, [12]
Dolinadalin, [3]
Dostoieffsky, Fedor, [210];
on Russia’s demand for Constantinople, [242]
Dukhobors in Canada, [264]
Duncani, the, [36]
Dunkan, a, [120]
E
Earthquakes, frequency of, [57], [114], [156]
Egypt, the shepherd dynasty of, [44]
Electricity, a Caucasian contract for, [4]
Emigrants, house-building by, [153]-[4];
a suggested export tax on, [259]
Emigration, compulsory, [260]
Emigration, Russian, [138] et seq.;
inducements for, [141];
restrictions concerning, [142];
concessions on rail and steamer, [144] et seq.
England and India, [241]
England and Russia: the question of India, [241]-[4];
rivalry of empire, [244]-[6];
the trade treaty, [246]-[7];
the basis of friendship, [247]-[8]
English, uneasiness of, at Russian progress, [66], [245]
Ethnology and Central Asia, [44]
Europe, after-the-war prospects of, [249] et seq.
F
Factory hands, emigration of, [140]
Falanga, hairy-legged, [116]
Falconry, the Kirghiz knowledge of, [200]
Falcons in Bokhara, [29]
Fatalism, Mohammedanism and, [42]
Ferghan, grants in aid of emigration to, [152]
Flint-hunting in the Caucasus, [5], [6]
Fortoug, [3]
Froude as pro-Russian, [239]
G
Gavrilovka, [175]
Geok-Tepe, [21];
the railway station of, [21];
storming of, [68]
Georgians, [4], [16]
Germany, conquered by Attila, [48];
preparations for Great War in, [214];
an enemy of Anglo-Russian friendship, [239];
and Constantinople, [242];
white population in, [249]
Gimnasistki, [214]
Gladstone, Right Hon, W. E., a pro-Russian, [239]
Goths, the, [47], [48]
Great War, the, Germany’s ambitions, [67];
reception of news of declaration of war at Semipalatinsk, [213];
Germany’s preparations for, [214];
England’s unpreparedness for, [231]
Gregoriefsky, [197]
Grosnoe, [99]
Grozdny, [10]
Gusinaya Pristan, [216]
H
Hassan, Sultan, Mosque of, [40]
Havana cigars in Kopal, [182]
Huns, the, [45], [46] et seq.;
of Attila, [48];
Mongolian, [49]
Hydrotechnics, Russian, [190], [193] et seq.
I
Ikons, Russian, [10]
Ili, River, [149], [164]
Ili, valley of the, [162]
Iliisk, [163]
Imperial commission for after-the-war problems, an, [266]
Ince-Agatch, [204]
India and Russia, [237] et seq.;
Namirovitch Danchenko on Russian conquest of, [238];
fear of Russian designs on, by British politicians, [241]-[2];
the overland route to, [243];
overcrowding in, [268]
Indian frontier, the, [8]
Indians, the, [44]
Irdzhar, battle of, [65]
Irrigation, artificial, in the desert, [20];
engineering students, [190], [193] et seq.
Irtish River, [211] et seq.
Issik-Kul, Lake, [149]
J
Jaiman Terekti, [189]
Jangiz-Agatch, [175]
Jarasai, [160]
Jarkent, a jurisdiction of Seven Rivers Province, [148];
rice-growing in, [149];
Government aid to emigrants to, [150]
Jerakhof, Gorge of, [3]
“Jericho, trumpets of,” [106]
K
Kabul Sai, [74]
Kalmeeks, the, [46], [221]
Karabulak, [175]
Karachok, [168]
Karakirghiz, the, [63]
Kara-Kum, desert of, [24]
Karakurt, the, [116], [162]
Karasbi, [160]
Katun-Karagai, [220]
Kaufmann, General von, [62]
Kazan, fall of, [64]
Kazanskaya Bogoroditsa, [132]
Kazbek mountain and Prometheus, [7]
Khalati, [19]
Khodoki, [124], [136], [137], [142], [143], [144], [152]
Khodzkent captured by Russians, [65]
Khosaïn Tereka, [4]
Khiva, [44];
Uzbeks in, [63];
under Russian protection, [66]
Kief, University of, student life at, [125]
Kinglake: his pro-Russian sympathies, [239]
Kirghiz, the, [19], [45], [46], [74] et seq., [116], [221];
become Russian subjects, [65];
their system of pecunia, [114];
skill at falconry, [200];
relieved of military service, [208]
Kirghiz Cossacks, the, [63]-[4];
women, description of, [83]-[4];
wedding, [168];
banquet, [191], [192];
women and camel-breeding, [219]
Kizil Arvat, [68]
Kok-sa River, [175]
Kokand, [63];
Uzbeks of, defeated by Russians, [64]
Kopal, population of, [123];
a jurisdiction of Seven Rivers Province, [148];
a walk to, [173];
author’s arrival at, [175];
a quaint clock at, [176];
visit to a Chinese circus, [176]-[181];
altruistic Chinamen, [182];
boundary of, [182];
facilities to sportsmen, [182]
Koran, the, Carlyle and, [41]
Kosh Agatch, [218]
Kosuli, [116]
Koumis, [80], [81], [86], [199]
Krasnovodsk, [10], [15] et seq.;
a Georgian host in, [16];
siege of, [65]
Kruglenkoe, [174]
Kuan-Kuza, [172], [173]
Kugalinskaya, [174]
Kugalinskaya Stanitsa, [174]
Kurdai, [132]
Kuropatkin, Colonel, [65]
Kursistki, [214]
L
Labour question in England, the, [268]
Larse, a night at an inn, [4]-[5]
Lava-Khedei, mosque of, [34]
Law, Mr. Bonar, [251]-[3], [266], [267], [268]
Lepers, [129]
Lepeshki, [19], [29], [130]
Lepsa, the, [203]
Lepsinsk, [148], [186], [188], [192];
“removal” of, [193];
the information bureau, [194];
a Cossack settlement, [196]
Lermontof’s “Demon”: scene of story of, [6]
Lessovaya zemlya, the, [20]
Liamin, M., [165]-[172]
Lignitz, battle of, [50]
Linbovinskaya, [132], [133]
Lodz: its production of shoddy cotton, [206]
“Lodzinsky,” definition of, [206]
Ludzon, [225]
M
Mahomet, birth of, [49]
Malo-Krasnoyarsk, [218]
Maly Narimsky, [220]
Mankent, [92]
Maral, the country of the,

[218] et seq.
Maral deer horns, [219] et seq.
Maralnik, cost of construction of a, [223]
Mare’s milk. (See Koumis)
Marlowe on Tamerlane the Great, [52]
Mecca, Mohammedan pilgrimages to, [36]
Medvedka, [220];
a maral farm at, [222]
Melba, Madame, [261]
Merke, [117]
Merv, fall of, [66];
Central Asian Railway extended to, [69];
annexation of, England’s attitude on, [237]
Mesopotamia, a holy war in, [67]
“Midsummer Night among the tent-dwellers,” [184] et seq.
Milner, Lord, [253];
an open letter to, [253]-[7]
Mogul. (See Mongol)
Mohammedanism and Mohammedan cities, [35] et seq.;
Mecca pilgrimages, [36];
Cairo, [40];
the Koran, [41];
fatalism and, [42];
characteristics of, [42]-[3];
birth of Mahomet, [49].
(See also Bokhara)
Mongolia, Russians in, [70]
Mongolian brick tea, [198];
Huns, [49]
Mongols, the, [47]
Moslem pilgrimages to Mecca, [36]
N
Narimsky Mountains, [218]
Naturalisation, the question of, [260]
Navy, the, necessity for increasing, [268]
Nazimof, M., [126] et seq.
Nevsky, Alexander, [63]
Nikanorovitch, Mikhail, [223] et seq.
Nikolaevski, [160]
Nomadic tribes, [44] et seq.
North Caucasian oilfields, [10]
Northern Persia, Russians in, [70]
Novy Troitsky, [122]
O
Oil region of the Caucasus, [10]
Orenburg falls into Russian hands, [65]
Osmanli, the, [46]
Ossetines, [4], [5], [6], [47]
Oxus, the, [24];
a State service of steamers on, [69]
P
Pamir, [8], [63];
grants to emigrants, [152]
Passports, [15], [32]
Pavlovska, Zoe, a pilgrimage to tomb of Bibi Khanum, [53]-[4]
Paynim, the, [37]
Pecunia, [114]
Pekin, siege of, [50]
Persia, roses in, [20] et seq.;
its future, [243]
Persian dockers, [12]
Persians, the, [44], [45]
Petrovsk, [10]
Photographs and free shaves, [97]
Pigs’ liver, black, [4]
Pishpek, fall of, [64];
population of, [123];
a meeting with a Government topographer, [126];
climate of, [128];
skin disease in, [129];
a jurisdiction of the Seven Rivers Province, [148];
Government grants for emigrants, [150]
Police, Russian, [177]
Polovinka, [174]
Porters, Russian, [11], [12]
Proletkas, [27]
Prometheus, legend of, [7]
Przhevalsk, [148]
R
Railway concessions and fares for emigrants, [144] et seq.
Railways, Russian, [17], [18], [56], [68] et seq., [244], [250], [268];
scenes at stations, [19], [20];
British distrust of Trans-Persian Railway, [243]
Rice-growing, [149]
“Ride to Khiva,” Burnaby’s, [239]
River charges for emigrants, [147]
Romanovskaya, [203]
Rome burned by the Goths, [48];
sacked by the Vandals, [48]
Roses, Persian, [20] et seq.
“Round Table,” the, [249] (note)
Russia, English entente with, [8];
railway systems of, [17], [18], [56], [68] et seq., [244], [250], [268];
conquered by Attila, [48];
rise of, [64] et seq.;
colonisation of, [66] et seq., [70] et seq.;
powers of chief of police in, [177];
mobilisation of, [234];
her possible designs on India, [237];
future of her empire, [244] et seq.;
exports of, [244]-[5];
the question of a trade treaty, [247];
the white population in, [249], [269]
Russia and England: the question of India, [241]-[4];
rivalry of Empire, [244]-[6];
the trade treaty, [246]-[7];
the basis of friendship, [247]-[8]
Russia and India, and prospects of Anglo-Russian friendship, [237] et seq.
Russian card games, [195];
colonies: provinces open to colonisation, [138];
information to intending colonists, [138];
colonisation, [155];
exports: the Tariff Reform view of, [245]
Russian Central Asia, capital of, [57] et seq.;
commercial travellers in, [123]-[4]
Russian Empire, the, and the British Empire, [249]-[70]
Russian Turkestan, Uzbeks in, [63]
S
St. James’s Conference, the, [213]
Salt steppes, the, [10], [15], [17]
Samarkand, the grave of Timour, [44];
conquest of, [50];
an impressionist poem on, [53];
a Mohammedan centre, [55];
foundation of, [56];
Russian occupation of, [65];
and the Central Asian Railway, [69];
Government inducements to emigrants, [152]
San Francisco, a Chinese underground city in, [171]
Sandbanks, [18]
Saracens, the, [47]
Sarajevo tragedy, the, [212]
Sarts, the, [26];
in Samarkand, [56];
natives of Tashkent, [59]-[60];
their orchestra: music from 10-ft. horns, [106]
Scandinavia, Attila’s conquest of, [48]
Scythia, [45]
Semipalatinsk, [207];
Dostoieffsky in exile at, [210];
shops of, [210]-[211];
and the Sarajevo tragedy, [212]-[213]
Semiretchenskaya Oblast. (See Seven Rivers Land)
Semi-retchie, Northern, plain of, [186]
Semitic tribes, with Arabs, conquer Persia, etc., [49]
Serbia and the assassination of the Archduke of Austria, [212]-[213]
Sergiopol, population of, [123];
shops of, [205];
a commercial traveller’s experiences in, [205]-[6]
Seven Rivers Land, Russian penetration and occupation of, [64], [116], [148];
fauna of, [116];
its troika, [117] et seq.;
climate of, [149];
Government grants to emigrants, [141], [150];
taxes, [151];
military service, [151];
timber, [151];
cinema shows in, [159];
the Pass and Gorge of Abakum, [185], [186]-[7]
Shakespeare’s burlesque on Tamerlane the Great, [52]
Shashleek, [105]
Shaving extraordinary, [181]-[2]
Sheep as payment for goods purchased, [114]
Siberia, value of land in, [141];
an old-established Russian colony, [207];
compared with Canada, [208]-[9];
population of, [209]
Sirdaria, deserts of, [8];
author at, [74];
a Kirghiz settlement at, [75] et seq.;
Government grants to emigrants, [152]
Skobelef, General, reduces Geok-Tepe, [21];
in Transcaspia, [65]
Skobelef, the, [13]
South Africa, irrigation possibilities in, [255]
Southern Siberia, steppes of, [8]
Spider, black, [116], [162]
Stantsi, [122]
Steamship service, a national, [268]
Stewart, Mr., “Boss of the Terek,” [4]
Storks in Bokhara, [31]
Strikes in war time, [261]
Suffragettes, Russian opinion of, [195]
T
Table Mountain, [3]
Tadzhiks, the, [44]
Talass, River, [113], [115]
Tamara, [6]
Tamara, Queen, castle of, [6]
Tamerlane the Great, his conquests for Mohammedanism, [50];
Emperor of Asia, [51], [63];
Marlowe on, [52];
conquest of India and Eastern Russia, [52]
Tariff reform and Russian exports, [245]
Tartars, enemies to Christians, [37];
rising of the, [49]
Tashkent, [57] et seq.;
water-supply of, [57]-[8];
muezzin towers of, [59];
an exiled Grand Duke at, [60];
schools, [60]-[1];
cinema shows at, [61];
Russian atmosphere of, [61]-[2];
Kaufmann Square, [62];
taken by Russians, [64]
Tea, Russian and Indian, [158]
Tea dust, solidified, [198]
Tekintsi, the, headgear of, [19];
a great fortress of, [21]
Terek, River, [3]
Terek, the “Boss” of, [4]
Thian Shan Mountains, [162]
Timour the Lame. (See Tamerlane the Great)
Tokmak, fall of, [64]
Tolstoy, [264]
Transcaspia becomes a Russian province, [65]
Trans-Ilian Alai Tau Mountains, [90]
Trans-Persian Railway, the, [243]
Tribes, mediæval history of, [44] et seq.
Triple Entente, the, [8]
Troika, the Russian, [117] et seq.
Tsaritsinskaya, [175]
Tulovka, [220]
Turkestan, cosmopolitan, [22];
four great cities of, [44];
value of land in, [141];
restrictions as to emigration, [142];
demand for labour in, [152];
grants in aid, [152]
Turkish tribes, the chief, [46]
Turkomans, dress of, [19];
one of the chief Turkish tribes, [46]
Turks, the, [46]
U
United Kingdom, the, overcrowding in, [268]
United States, the, mixed races in, [249], [264];
loss of British citizens to, [263] et seq.
Ust-Kamennygorsk, [214]
Uzbeks, the, [46];
in Bokhara, Khiva, and Russian Turkestan, [63]
V
Valens, Emperor, [47]
Vandals, the, [48]
Vatrushki, [8]
Verney, fall of, [64];
population of, [123];
a jurisdiction of the Seven Rivers Province, [148];
rice-growing at, [149];
Government grants, [150];
capital of Seven Rivers, [156];
its apples, [156];
the High School, [157];
German sausages in, [158];
newspaper record of cinema shows, [158]-[9]
Visokoe, [99]
Vladikavkaz, the military road of, [2], [4]
Vodka in Russian Central Asia, [86]
Vsevolodovitch Yaroslaf, [63]
W
Wages boards, [261]
Ward, Mrs. Humphry, [261]
Wheatfields in the desert, [19], [20]
Wimmera, the, [261]
Wolves in Russian Central Asia, [87]
Y
Yakuts, the, [46]
Yaroslaf Vsevolodovitch, [63]
Yellow Peril, the, [170]
Z
Zaalaisk, Government grants to emigrants, [152]
Zollverein, a, Chamberlain and, [251]

Printed by Cassell & Company, Limited, La Belle Sauvage, London, E.C.
F 15.416

FOOTNOTES:

[A] Connected by rail with Tashkent since my tramp across the country.

[B] As the Government never exercised a monopoly of the sale of vodka in Russian Central Asia the Tsar’s edict did not apply to these regions. However, I believe the sale of intoxicating liquor has been greatly restricted by the local authorities.

[C] Pecus = a head of cattle, a beast of the field.

[D] This differentiation in hue is in case the persons holding the certificates should be illiterate.

[E] Counting the rouble as worth 1s. 6d. At the moment of writing it is worth rather less than 1s. 4d., but it should improve somewhat.

[F] See “The Round Table,” a review of the interests of the Empire, and “The Prospect of a Commonwealth,” an extraordinary after-the-war volume.

[G] American value, i.e. £1,000,000,000.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:

Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.

Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized.

Illustrations have been moved to the nearest paragraph breaks. In some cases, these breaks are on different pages. The List of Illustrations has been updated to reflect these changes.

In the Index, it appears that two entries have been inadvertently combined into one: Russian card games. The text has been retained as printed.