LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
| PAGE | ||
| The Sovereigns of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (frontispiece) | to face | [1] |
| Khartoum Palace, from the river. (D. J.) | [1] | |
| Market scene, Gezira. (D. J.) | [8] | |
| The Earl of Cromer and Sir W. Garstin | to face | [15] |
| The Eastern Nile bank, south of Halfa. (K.) | [22] | |
| Jaalin Shepherd scene; corn-grinding stones, Omdurman. (T.) | [46] | |
| The Governor-General and Sirdar | [48] | |
| Khartoum, looking north from the War Office roof over Tuti Island. (K.) | [51] | |
| „ Palace, and garden, from the south-west. (K.) | [51] | |
| Jebelein (G.); Wooding station near Goz Abu Guma; Jebel Ahmed Agha. (G.) | [61] | |
| Akunere, Shilluk village (T.); Shilluk maiden with household utensils. (T.) | [65] | |
| Kodok: Roman Catholic Mission Station, Lul. (T.) | [69] | |
| Taufikia. (G.) | [71] | |
| Lake No; Shambe | [72] | |
| Kiro. (P.); Lado. (P.) | [78] | |
| Gondokoro | [81] | |
| Mongalla. (G.) | [82] | |
| On the Blue Nile. (T.) | [110] | |
| Forest scenery, west bank, Upper Blue Nile. (D. J.) | [112] | |
| On the Blue Nile. (D. J.) | [112] | |
| Scenes in the Southern Gezira. (D. J.) | [116] | |
| In the Dar el Fung; village scene, Burun country. (D. J.) | [121] | |
| Ingássana village; hill scenery, Dar el Fung (D. J.) | [124] | |
| Dinka: man and girl. (T.) | [127] | |
| American Protestant Mission, Sobat. (M.) | [133] | |
| The Bahr el Zeraf. (G.) | [141] | |
| Anuak women at Itang. (M.) | [150] | |
| Woman of Dar Fertit. (T.) | [164] | |
| Bahr el Ghazal. (G.); River Rohl. (G.) | [171] | |
| Kordofan Arabs with Chief. (S. D.) | [174] | |
| Taaisha (Baggara) girl. (T.) | [178] | |
| Nuba woman, daughter, and baby. (T.) | [180] | |
| Darfur girl. (T.) | [186] | |
| Old woman, Darfur. (T.) | [187] | |
| The Darfur Mahmal passing through Omdurman | [188] | |
| Shilluk. (T.) | [192] | |
| „ warriors. (T.) | [195] | |
| Mek Kur wad Nedok. (T.); Shilluks on a visit. (T.) | [198] | |
| Shilluk village scene. (T.) | [200] | |
| Dongolawi merchant. (T.) | [203] | |
| Bayuda Desert Arabs. (S. D.) | [207] | |
| Colossal ram of Amenhotep III., Jebel Barkal. (W.) | [223] | |
| Ethiopian King from Meroe. (W.) | [224] | |
| One of the animals at Nagaa. (W.) | [226] | |
| Stone lamb from Soba. (W.) | [228] | |
| Sudanese women. (T.) | [233] | |
| „ maiden. (T.) | [244] | |
| Sir R. von Slatin Pasha | [245] | |
| General Gordon | to face | [247] |
| F.-M. Viscount Wolseley | [249] | |
| Types of Sudanese soldiers.—The raw material. (T.) | [250] | |
| „ „ „ —The finished article. (T.) | [251] | |
| Khalifa’s house, Omdurman. (S. D.) | [252] | |
| Captured Dervish Emirs. (J. K. W.) | [254] | |
| Old woman of Dar Nuba. (T.) | [264] | |
| General Viscount Kitchener | to face | [265] |
| The Mahdi’s tomb, 3rd September, 1898. (S. D.) | [266] | |
| The late Emir Ahmed Fedil. (J. K. W.) | [267] | |
| After Um Debreikat; body of the Khalifa in foreground. (J. K. W.). | [269] | |
| The end of the Mahdist dominion. (J. K. W.) | [272] | |
| Sons of the Mahdi and Khalifa | [275] | |
| Lord Kitchener at the Gordon College, Khartoum. (K.) | [281] | |
| Sudd-scape | [299] | |
| Ambach | [302] | |
| Papyrus. (G.) | [305] | |
| Balaeniceps Rex at Khartoum. (W.) | [309] | |
| Nagaa: Egypto-Roman buildings in the desert. (L.) | [314] |
The above are from photographs by the following gentlemen, to all of whom, especially to the three first named, the warm thanks of the Editor are due for the kind permission granted to him to use the photographs, and in many cases the blocks themselves. Those not initialled above are acknowledged on the illustrations themselves.
| T. | Mr. B. Türstig, Omdurman. |
| G. | Sir Wm. Garstin. |
| D. J. | Mr. Digby Jones. |
| K. | Mr. Hallil Kemeid, Editor “Standard Guide to Egypt and Sudan.” |
| L. | Captain Longfield, Egyptian Army. |
| M. | Captain H. H. S. Morant, Egyptian Army. |
| P. | Major Phipps, Egyptian Army. |
| S. D. | Lt.-Col. Stanton, Egyptian Anny, per Mr. Dennis, Scarborough. |
| W. | Mr. John Ward, F.S.A., Belfast. |
| J. K. W. | Lt.-Col. Watson, Egyptian Army. |
Those entirely unacknowledged are by the Editor and his sister.
ABBREVIATIONS (v. [Appendix H.]).
| H. S. C. | History of Sudan Campaign. (Colvile.) |
| O. G. H. | The Nile above the 2nd Cataract. (O’Grady Haly.) |
| N. O. | Report on the Nile and Country between Dongola, Suakin, Kassala and Omdurman (Gleichen). |
| H. S. | Handbook of the Sudan (Gleichen). |
| S. H. S. | Supplement to Handbook of the Sudan. (Gleichen.) |
| A. | Arabic. |
| D. | Dinka. |
| S. | Shilluk. |
N.B.—According to the latest system of transliteration, many words formerly spelt with a “k” (Kâf ق are now spelt with a “g,” e.g., Wadi el Gab, Yagub, etc. The word for hill is always spelt Jebel, whether pronounced hard or soft.
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. I.[3]
E.A. = Egyptian Army; S.G. = Sudan Government.
- Mr. C. H. Armbruster, Deputy Inspector, Kassala.
- Attia Effendi, Intelligence Department.
- Maj. Austin, C.M.G., D.S.O.
- Rev. Father Banholzer, R.C. Mission, Lul.
- Dr. A. Balfour, Sanitary Adviser to S.G.
- Lt.-Col. E. E. Bernard, Financial Secretary S.G.
- Lieut. Bond, R.N., Director of Steamers and Boats.
- Capt. N. Borton, Inspector, Mongalla.
- Maj. W. Boulnois, Governor Bahr el Ghazal Province.
- Mr. A. Jennings-Bramly, Deputy Inspector S.G.
- Mr. A. F. Broun, Director of Woods and Forests.
- Mr. Bulpett.
- Mr. A. L. Butler, Superintendent Game Preservation Department.
- Mr. G. R. Carey, Mining Engineer.
- Mr. C. E. Bonham-Carter, Legal Secretary S.G.
- The Earl of Cromer, G.C.B., etc., etc.
- Mr. J. W. Crowfoot, Sudan Education Department.
- Col. H. E. Colvile.
- Lieut. D. Comyn, Inspector, Upper Nile Province
- Capt. S. L. Cummins, R.A.M.C., E.A.
- Mr. J. Currie, Director of Education.
- Capt. W. Doran, late E.A.
- Capt. Dugmore.
- Sir J. Fowler, C.E.
- Sir W. Garstin, G.C.M.G., Under Secretary of State for Public Works (Egypt).
- Rev. J. K. Giffen, American Protestant Mission, Sobat.
- Lt.-Col. Count Gleichen, C.V.O., C.M.G., D.S.O., Editor.
- Lt.-Col. G. F. Gorringe, C.M.G., D.S.O., R.E., Governor Sennar Province.
- Maj. C. W. Gwynn, C.M.G., D.S.O., R.E., Sudan Surveys.
- Rev. Ll. Gwynne, Chaplain, Khartoum.
- The late Capt. Haymes, R.A.M.C.
- Col. St. G. C. Henry, C.B., A.G., late Governor of Kassala.
- Maj. Sir H. B. Hill, Bt., Governor of Berber.
- Capt. H. G. Hodgson, Inspector, Dongola.
- Maj. H. C. B. Hopkinson, Commandant Alexandria Police, late E.A.
- Col. A. Hunter, late E.A.
- Col. H. W. Jackson, C.B., Governor of Dongola.
- Mr. B. H. Jessen.
- Capt. Julien, French Army.
- Mr. Kerr, Deputy Inspector, S.G., Suakin.
- Commander Colin Keppel, R.N.
- Capt. C. H. Leveson, Inspector, Kordofan.
- Capt. J. S. Liddell, Director Posts and Telegraphs.
- Capt. H. D. W. Lloyd, Inspector, Nahud.
- Capt. W. E. Longfield, S.G. Railways.
- Capt. H. G. Lyons, late R.E., Director Egyptian Government Surveys.
- Maj. G. B. Macauley, Director Sudan Railways.
- Maj. G. E. Matthews, Governor of Upper Nile Province.
- Maj. W. S. R. May, A.F.S., S.G.
- Capt. H. H. S. Morant, Assistant Director of Intelligence, Sudan.
- Naum Bey Shoucair, Sudan Agent’s Office.
- Mr. Oscar Neumann, Berlin.
- Maj. M. Peake, C.M.G., Director of Artillery, E.A.
- Capt. A. C. Parker, Deputy Assistant Secretary, S.G.
- Capt. N. Playfair, late Acting Governor, Suakin.
- Commander R. Poore, R.N.
- Capt. W. Hayes-Sadler, Governor, Halfa Province.
- Capt. R. V. Savile, Inspector, Kassala.
- Maj. Slade, R.A.
- Sir Rudolf von Slatin Pasha, K.C.M.G., Inspector General, S.G.
- Maj. N. M. Smyth, V.C., late E.A.
- Col. W. S. Sparkes, C.M.G., late Governor Bahr el Ghazal.
- Mr. Spires, Collector, Gondokoro.
- Capt. H. G. F. Stallard, R.A.M.C.
- Maj. E. A. Stanton, Governor of Khartoum.
- Col. Hon. M. G. Talbot, Director of Surveys, Sudan.
- Lt.-Col. A. E. Turner, late R.A.
- Mr. R. Türstig, Photographer, Omdurman.
- Mr. J. Ward, F.S.A.
- Maj. E. B. Wilkinson, Governor of Kassala.
- Capt. H. H. Wilson, Inspector, Sobat.
- Maj.-Gen. Sir F. R. Wingate, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., D.S.O., Sirdar and Governor-General, Sudan.
[1]Except part of Chapter II and most of Chapter III (taken from “Report on Egyptian Provinces of Sudan,” I.D.W.O., 1884).
[2]Not printed here, but text may be found in Hertslet’s “Map of Africa by Treaty,” 1896 Edition, pp. 20 to 47, and pp. 48 to 106 respectively.
[3]Including those whose works or reports have been utilised.
THE PALACE, KHARTOUM (LOW NILE).
Part I.
CHAPTER I.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION.
Boundaries.The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan comprises that country which is bounded on the north by the 22nd parallel of north latitude; on the east by the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Abyssinia; on the west and south-west by a line running through the Libyan Desert (defined by the Anglo-French Agreement of March, 1899), by the Sultanate of Wadai, and by the line of rising ground forming the watershed between the Congo and Shari on one side, and the Nile on the other; and on the south by the Lado Enclave[4] and east of the Nile, the 5th parallel of north latitude.
The greatest length from north to south is about 1,250 miles, and from east to west about 1,080 miles. (Vide [Appendix A] for text of Frontier treaties.)
Area and population.The estimated area of the territory is about 1,006,000 square miles, and the population about 2,000,000. For distribution of population vide Appendix F., [p. 322.]
Capital and main towns.The capital and seat of Government of the country is Khartoum, situated at the junction of the White and Blue Niles (lat. 15° 36′, long. 32° 32′), and distant, as the crow flies, about 1,250 miles from the Mediterranean Sea. (For description see Chap. II, [p. 49.])
The other chief towns of the country are Khartoum North (formerly termed Halfaya) and Omdurman (close to Khartoum), Halfa, Merowe, Berber, Wad Medani, Kassala, Suakin, Dueim, and El Obeid. (Detailed descriptions will be found in the various chapters dealing with them.)