Index.
Abbots, election of, [24].
Absolutism, papal, [14], [265].
Acta Augustana, [233].
Address to the Nobility of the German Nation, [141], [143], [242] f., [257].
Adelmann, Bernard, named in the first Bull against Luther, [249] and n.
Adriatic, the, the boundary between Christian and Moslem, [19].
Æneas Sylvius, on the wealth of German burghers, [86].
Against the execrable Bull of Antichrist, [249].
Against the thieving, murdering hordes of Peasants, [336].
Agricola, John, [390].
Agricola, Rudolph, [58].
Agricola, Stephan, [353].
Aichili, provost-marshal of the Swabian League, murders Lutheran pastors, [340].
D'Ailly, Peter, [199] f., [254].
Aleander, Jerome (Roman nuncio),—
on the devotion of Germany to Rome, [115];
at the Diet of Worms, [261] ff.;
his education, [262];
his letters to Rome, [262]. ff.;
his estimate of Charles V., [263];
his task at the Diet of Worms, [263];
his address to the Diet, [270];
drafted the Ban against Luther, [298]; [259], [267] n., [269], [271], [275] f., [279], [282], [283] and n., [285], [288], [291] n., [293], [295], [386].
Alexander of Hales on Indulgences, [219], [221] f.
Alpersbach, Petreius, [66].
Alstedt, [330].
Altenberg, [318].
Amsdorf, Nicholas, [211] n., [275], [317].
and Humanists, [156].
Andreæ, Laurentius, [422], [424].
Angelico, Fra, [49].
Anhalt, Prince of, [346], [363], [373].
Anjou, province of, [23].
Anna, Saint, “the Grandmother,” cult of, [135] f., [138].
Annaberg, town of, Indulgence-seller at, [213].
Annates, [12], [17], [24] f., [245], [321].
Anne of Beaujeu, [23].
Anselm of Lucca, [2].
Anthony, Duke of Lorraine, [334], [338].
Anti-Hapsburg feeling in Germany, [350], [370], [374], [376].
Apology for the Augsburg Confession, The, [367].
Apostles' Creed, [365], [468], [484].
Apostolic Succession, [403].
Aquinas. See [Thomas].
Aragon, [27].
Argyropoulos, John, [48], [68].
Aristotle, a forerunner of Christ, [56];
influence on mediæval thinking, [449];
disliked by the Humanists, [57];
disliked by Luther, [206], [469].
Armstrong, Edward, quoted, [264] n.
Art, German, and popular life, [62].
Arthur, Prince of Wales, [21].
Articles:
the Twelve, [331] ff., [336], [337];
the Schmalkald, [374], [467] n., [468];
the Bern, [478].
Artisan life, [80] ff.; artisan capitalists in England, [21].
Artists, German, and the Reformation, [307];
belonged to the burgher class, [86].
Artushöfe, [86].
Asia Minor, [18].
Ass, Feast of the, [120].
Astrologists in the beginning of the sixteenth century, [129].
Athanasius and Luther, [433], [470], [471] and n., [473].
Attrition, the doctrine of, [201], [219], [222] f.;
taught by John of Palz, an Augustinian Eremite theologian, [138], [199], [201].
Augsburg, city of, [234], [320], [322], [353], [391];
the Humanist circle of, [60] f.;
the Brethren in, [152].
See [Diet].
Augsburg Confession (Augustana), [147] f., [363], [365] ff., [396], [399], [403].
Augsburg Interim, [266], [390] ff.
Augsburg Religious Peace,, [395] ff.;
international consequences of, [398] n.
Augustine, the papal claim to universal supremacy and, [3];
influence on mediæval theology, [449];
disliked by the Humanists, [167], [185];
his influence on Luther, [203], [207], [211], [433], [436].
Augustinian Eremites, [137] ff., [146];
their theology not Augustine's, [138], [199] f., [229];
their chapter at Heidelberg, [230];
most of them accept Luther's teaching, [305].
Augustus, Elector of Saxony, [395].
Avignon, the Popes at, [5].
Babylonian Captivity of the Church, [241] f., [266] n., [282] n., [306].
Ban, the, against Luther, [297] ff.
See [Worms, Edict of].
Barclay, Alexander, the Ship of Fools, [17] n.
Basel, city of, [310];
Council of, see [Councils].
Baths in the Middle Ages served as a life-school for artists, [88].
Bauernmeister, the, [92].
Bavaria, the Dukes of, [319], [325], [370], [376].
Bebel, Heinrich, [67].
Beer, Einbecker, [277] n., [293].
Beggars, ecclesiastical, [142].
Begging, a Christian virtue, [142].
Beguines and Beguine-houses, [116], [142].
Beham, Hans Sebaldus, artist, [62].
Beheim, Hans, supposed to have abducted Luther, [295].
Belgrade, [19].
Bernard of Clairvaux, [125], [205], [209], [433] and n.
Bessarion, Cardinal, [48] f.
Bible, translations of the, into the vernacular, [149] f., [174], [387], [402].
See [Scripture].
Biblia Pauperum, [117].
Biel, Gabriel, [55], [196], [199].
Bigamy of Philip of Hesse, [380] ff.
Bishops, modes of electing, [8], [24].
Black Death, the, in England, [20], [440].
Boccaccio, [47].
Böhm, Hans, and the socialist revolts, [99] ff., [135].
Bologna, University of, [64];
a great Law School, [2];
city of, [360].
Bonaventura on Indulgences, [221], [224].
Bonzio, Cardinal, [2].
Books in the German language due to the Reformation, [300].
Bosnia, [19].
Bourges, Concordat of, [11].
Brand, Sebastian, author of Narrenschiff, quoted, [17];
on usury, [84];
on the Niklashausen pilgrims, [102];
on the diffusion of Scripture, [151] n.; [52], [58], [118].
Brandenburg, the Elector of, Joachim i. (1499-1535), [341];
Joachim ii. (1535-1571),
Fat old Interim, [377], [383], [395], [396];
Margrave of, George, [326], [346], [362], [373];
Margrave of Brandenburg-Culmbach, Albert Alcibiades, [383], [393];
Albert of (brother of Joachim i.), Archbishop of Mainz, see [Mainz];
Albert of (brother of Margrave George), secularises his principality, becomes Duke of East Prussia and a Protestant, [326];
province of, peasants die of starvation, [111];
secular administration of the Church in fifteenth century, [140].
Brask, Johan, Bishop of Linkoeping, [423].
Braunfells, Otto, [306].
Bremen, an episcopal State, [81], [320], [373].
Brenz, John, [353], [391], [392].
Breslau, the students' paradise, [53], [378].
Brethren of the Common Lot, the, [51] ff.;
their relation to the praying circles of the German Mystics, [154].
Brethren, the, mediæval evangelical nonconformists, [150], [152] ff.;
distributed devotional literature, [155].
Brethren of St. Anthony, [143].
Brethren of St. James (Jacobs-Brüder), [134].
Brissmann, John, [305].
Brotherhood, the Evangelical, [329], [334].
Brotherhoods in the fifteenth century, the Blessed Virgin, [135];
of St. Anna, the Grandmother, [136];
of the Eleven Thousand Virgins (St. Ursula's Schifflein), [145];
among the artisans, [146];
the Holy Brotherhood (Hermandad) of Spain, [28].
Brück, Dr. Gregory, Chancellor of Electoral Saxony, [266] n., [276], [278], [363], [366], [369].
Brunswick, the city of, churches in, [116].
Bucer, Martin, the Reformer of Strassburg, [284], [306], [310], [353], [374], [380], [391].
Bugenhagen, John, [306].
Bulls, papal, Execrabilis et pristinis, [5];
Pastor Æternus, [5];
Inter cetera divinæ, [5];
this Bull bestowed the continent of America upon Ferdinand and Isabella, [5] n.;
Exurge Domine, the first Bull against Luther, [247] f.;
Decet Romanum, the second Bull against Luther, [267] n.
Bundschuh League, the, peasant risings under, [103] ff., [110];
the watchword of revolt, [296].
Burchard, John, [16].
Bürgerrecht, Das christliche, [350].
Burgmaier, Hans, artist, [67].
Burgundy, the district of, [21];
the Duke of, see [Charles the Bold].
Burkhardt, George, of Spelt. See [Spalatinus].
Burning the Pope's Bull, [251].
Burning heretics, [248];
heretical books, [259], [264], [299].
Busch, Hermann von, [52], [67].
Butzbach, Johann (a wandering student), [55].
Cadan, peace of, [377], [379].
Cajetan, Thomas de Vio, Cardinal, [232], [247], [252], [303].
Calabria, Greek spoken in, [46].
Calvin, John, and St. Anna, [136];
and Dean Colet, [165];
and the Augsburg Confession, [365];
on the doctrine of Scripture, [462], [465], [467] n.;
the impious mysteries of Calvin, [398] n.; [475], [476].
Campeggio, Lorenzo, papal nuncio, [184], [322], [361], [370].
Canon Law, based on the Decretum of Gratian, [2].
Canterbury, Archbishop of, [12], [349].
Capitalist class, rise of a, [83].
Capito, Wolfgang, [309].
Cappel, battle of (Zwingli slain), [374].
Caraccioli, Marino, papal nuncio, [262], [297].
Carlstadt, Andrew Bodenstein of, [211] n., [237], [249], [308];
and the Wittenberg “tumult,” [311] ff.;
dispenses the Lord's Supper in evangelical fashion, [313];
responsible for the "Wittenberg Ordinance," [314], [316], [320], [337];
on the Lord's Supper, [356], cf. [313];
in Denmark, [419].
Castile, consolidation of, [27] f.
Catalonia, [27].
Catechism of Dietrich Kolde, [126].
Catechism of the Brethren, [155].
Catechisms of the Reformation:
Luther's Small Catechism, [408], [472];
adopted in Denmark, [421];
Luther's Large Catechism, [472];
Catholic Church, term not conceded to Romanists, [404].
Celibacy of the clergy, [312], [343].
Celtes, Conrad, Humanist, [67];
on the diffusion of Scripture, [151].
Chancery, rules of the Roman (contain lists of prices of benefices), [10].
Charitable foundations placed under lay management, [143].
Charity in the Middle Ages, [141] ff.
Charles v., Emperor, [37], [184], [334], [341];
elected to the Empire, [40];
crowned at Aachen, [262];
held his first Diet at Worms, [262] ff.;
the real antagonist of Luther, [264];
a good child, [263];
his confession of faith, [264] f., [293] f.;
his conception of the Church, [265];
differences between himself and the Diet about Luther, [267] n., [270] f., [272], [276] ff.;
asks for Luther's condemnation, [293];
regrets that he did not burn Luther, [295];
his views of the religious question in Germany, [360], [389];
at the Diet of Augsburg (1530), [359] ff.;
resolves to crush the Reformation by force, [360];
finds it difficult to do so, [370];
his idea of a true reformation, [375];
conquers the Duke of Cleves, [382];
makes peace with France, [383];
forces the Pope to convoke a Council, [383];
defeats the German Protestants, [389] f.;
his religious compromise, the Augsburg Interim, [390];
forced to flee from Germany, [393];
abdicates, [395].
Charles vi. of France, [22].
Charles vii. of France, [22].
Charles viii. of France, [26].
Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy [23], [37], [98] f., [109].
Cheese-hunters, [143] f., [302].
Chieregati, Francesco, Papal Nuncio, [321].
Christ, the Person of, Luther adopted the doctrinal definitions of the old Catholic Church, [468], [470], [472] f.;
did not like the terminology, [471];
the two Natures in, [474];
Luther put new meaning into the old definitions, [472], [474];
with the Reformers, Christ fills the whole sphere of God, [460], [472] ff., [478], [480];
He is the only Mediator, [476];
He is the efficacy and the virtue in the sacraments, [478];
His divinity to be reached from His work, [475];
a part of the religious experience, [474] f., [478].
Christian ii., King of Denmark, [418].
Christian iii., King of Denmark, [420].
Christendom, small extent at the time of the Reformation, [18] f.
Christianity, the sum of, [430];
how to express it, [431].
Christopher of Utenheim, Bishop of Basel, [257].
Chrysoloras, Manuel, [47].
Church of Christ, doctrine of the, a double fellowship, [480];
three conceptions of, in the mediæval Church, [481], [482];
and priesthood with the sacraments, [482], cf. [438] f.;
Luther's difficulties in conceiving a, [483];
his final conception of, [484];
both Visible and Invisible, [485];
made Visible by the proclamation of the Word and the manifestation of Faith, [485] ff.;
ministry in the, [486].
The Pope's House, [11], [194], [205], [235], [483].
States of the, [32] f.
A national German, [36], [324].
Churches (buildings), innumerable in Germany, [115];
full of treasures, [116].
Churches, Lutheran Territorial, [343], [387];
principles according to which they were organised, [400] ff.;
duties belonging to the Christian fellowship, [401];
attempted organisations before the Peasants' War, [401] f.;
Saxon Visitations, [405] ff.;
Consistorial Courts, [410], [412], [413], [415];
ecclesiastical circles, [411];
Superintendents, [404], [411];
Synods, [413].
Civitas Dei of Augustine, [2] f.
Claims of the Mediæval Papacy, [1] f.
Clergy and laity, [243], [443] f.
Cleves, Duke of, [382].
Coburg, Luther at, [369].
Cochlæus, Johannes, R.C. theologian († 1552), [185], [368].
Colet, John, Dean of St. Paul's, [22], [163] ff.;
travels in Italy, [164];
lectures at Oxford on St. Paul's Epistles, [164], [209];
rejected the allegorical interpretation of Scripture, [165];
sermon before Convocation, [165] f.;
his idea of a true reformation, [166];
dislike to the Scholastic Theology, [167];
studies Dionysius the Areopagite, [169];
his views on the priesthood and the sacraments, [170] f.
Collin, Rudolph (at the Marburg Colloquy), [353].
Cologne, the city of, its churches and ecclesiastical buildings, [116];
Luther's books burnt at, [259].
Columbus, Christopher, [85].
Concord, the Wittenberg, [377].
Concubinage of priests, [246].
Confession, auricular, [218], [220].
Confessions of the Reformation, Confessio Augustana (1530) or Augsburg Confession, [364] f., [435], [467] n., [468], [476];
adopted in Denmark, [420];
Confession Tetrapolitana (1530), [368];
Zurich Articles (1523), [468] n.;
Scots Confession (1560), [465], [468] n., [477], [478], [480];
First Helvetic Confession (1536), [467] n., [479];
Geneva Confession (1536), [468] n.;
Second Helvetic Confession (1562), [468] n., [477], [479];
French Confession (1539), [468], [479];
Belgic Confession (1561), [468] n.;
Netherlands Confession (1566), [477];
the Instruction of Bern (1532), [478];
the Thirty-nine Articles (1563, 1571), [468] n., [479];
Formula Concordiæ, [425].
Confraternities. See [Brotherhoods].
Consistorial Courts, mediæval, [412].
Consistories in the Lutheran Church,
their beginnings, [410];
of Wittenberg, [412-415].
Consolidation, the political idea of the Renaissance, [19], [43].
Constance, the city, [309], [346], [368];
Council of. See [Council].
Constantinople, [19].
Constitutiones Johanninæ, [9].
Continuity of the religious life during the Reformation period, [122].
Copernicus, [42].
Cordus, Curicius, Humanist, [255].
Corpus Christi Processions, [119], [362].
Council, a General, the seat of authority in the Church, [265];
demanded, [342];
Charles v. resolves upon a, [372], [383];
of Basel, [6], [23], [140], [254], [259];
of Constance, [140], [226], [254], [259], [268], [290];
of Trent, [148], [225], [383], [455].
Council, a German, [321], [323] f., [379].
Cradle hymn, a, [121].
Cranach, Lucas, [63], [308], [369].
Cromwell, Thomas, [374].
Crotus Rubeanus (Johann Jaeger of Dornheim), a Humanist, [66], [75], [255].
Cujus regio ejus religio, [397].
Cup, the, for the laity, [343], [437].
Curia, the Roman, the universal court of ecclesiastical appeal, [14] f.;
sale of offices in, [15];
counted on the devotion of the Germans, [115]; [245], [255], [265] f., [321], [332] n.
Cusanus, Cardinal Nicholas, [57] f.
Cuspinian of Vienna, Luther writes to him from Worms, [283].
Dalmatia, [19].
Dante and the Renaissance, [47].
Dantzig, churches in, [116].
Decretals, forged, [2]; Luther studies the, [235].
Decretum of Gratian, [2], [44].
Denmark, Reformation in, [388], [418], [420].
Deusdedit, a canonist, [2].
Deutsche Theologie, [155].
Deventer, the school at, [51], [64].
Devotional literature circulated by the Brethren, [155].
Diet, the feudal Council of the German Empire, of Worms (1521), [262] ff., [267], [278], [284] ff., [296] f., [304], [341];
of Nürnberg (1522-23), [321], [403];
of Speyer (1524), [324], [403];
of Augsburg (1525), [341];
of Speyer (1526), [341], [398], [403], [404], [415];
of Speyer (1529), [345], [396];
of Augsburg (1530), [360], [363] ff.;
of Nürnberg (1532), [374] f.;
of Augsburg (1555), [395] ff.
Dionysius the Areopagite, [169].
Dispensations, fees for, [13], [382] n.
Disputations, university, [311] f.
Dominican Order, [70], [137], [306], [321].
Dominicans demand the destruction of Hebrew literature, [70] f.
Donation of Constantine, [49].
Dormi secure, [117].
Dringenberg, Ludwig, [52].
Drinking habits of the Germans, [87] f.
Dunkeld, disputed succession in the See of, [10].
Dürer, Albert, [31], [62], [63], [88], [90];
appeals to Erasmus, [188];
on Luther's piety, [191];
his admiration for Luther, [256];
grief at report of Luther's death, [296].
Eberlin of Gunzberg, John, controversial writer, [304] f., [310].
Ebernberg, the, castle of Francis V., Sickingen, [262], [273].
Eccius dedolatus, [249] n.
Eck, John, Official of the Archbishop of Trier, [278], [280], [281], [283], [285], [290].
Eck, John Mayr of, professor at Ingolstadt, [235] f., [247], [303], [368].
Economic changes at the close of the Middle Ages, [43], [80] f., [108] f.
Egypt, [18].
Ehrenberg, the Pass of, [393].
Electors, the German, [35], [270];
accustomed to exercise the jus episcopale, [140].
Elizabeth, Queen of England, [6] n., [398] n.
Elsass and the Peasants' War, [334], [338].
Emmerich, school at, [52].
Emperor, the Vicar of God, [31].
Empire, German, elective, [35];
attempts to frame a Common Council (Reichsregiment), [36] f.;
extent of the, [36].
England, consolidation of, under the Tudors, [7], [20].
Eoban of Hesse (Helius Eobanus Hessus), [66], [255].
Episcopate weakened by the Papacy, [14].
Epistolæ obscurorum virorum, [67], [72] f., [74].
Erasmici, [255].
Erasmus, [52], [67], [71], [74], [156], [164], [171], [266] n., [273], [288], [299];
a typical Christian Humanist, [172]; visit to England, [172], [177];
his conception of a reformation, [172] ff.;
his Christian Philosophy, [173];
desire for the Scriptures in the vernacular, [174];
Sancte Socrates, ora pro nobis, [175], [253];
dislike to Augustinian theology, [167], [185];
writings in aid of the Reformation, [179];
on saint worship, [180];
on the monastic life, [180] f.,
estimate of Luther, [185], [253], [301].
Erfurt, University of, [56], [64];
its foundation, [195];
theology, [196].
Erfurt Tumult, the, [305].
Eric, King of Denmark, [417].
Evangelical Brotherhood, [329], [334].
Evangelical life at the close of the Middle Ages, [124].
Excommunication of princes and its consequences, [6] and n., [398] n.
Exile at Avignon, papal, [5].
Fagius, Paul, [391].
Faith, the religious faculty which throws itself upon God, [429], [436], [438], [458];
an active and living thing, [431];
rests on the historic Christ, [446];
good works are the sign of, [431];
is the gift of God, [429], [430];
depends on promise, [441], [460];
enables us to see the meaning of the historic work of Christ, [446];
what it lays hold of in repentance, [452];
is personal trust in a personal Saviour, [203], [459];
the conceptions of Faith and of Scripture always correspond, [461];
is needed to apprehend infallibility, [464], [465], [466];
creates a natural unity in Scripture, [455], [459];
mediæval conception of, a frigida opinio, [429];
is intellectual, [430], [461];
and reason in the Scholastic Theology, [469].
See [Justification].
Family religion at the close of the Middle Ages, [121] ff.
Famine years in Germany, [110] ff.
Ferdinand of Aragon, [5], [6], [27], [29], [30].
Ferdinand of Austria, [278], [319], [322], [342], [360], [394].
Festivals, Church, [119] ff., [141], [246].
Feudalism in England, [20].
Five Nations, the, [19] ff.
Five powers of Italy, [31] f.
Florence, [32] f.
Florentius Radewynsohn, [51].
Folk-songs of Germany, [67], [90], [94], [99], [109].
Fondaco dei Tedeschi at Venice, [83].
Forest laws, severity of, [108].
France, [7], [18], [19], [20], [22] ff., [31];
not a compact nation, [25];
trade in, [25].
Francis of Assisi, [125], [142], [158], [203], [433], [435].
Francis i. of France, [25], [184], [265], [342], [345].
Frank, Sebastian, his chronicle, [107].
Frankfurt-on-the-Main, [40], [87].
Frederick, Elector of Saxony. See [Saxony].
Frederick iii., Emperor, [37].
Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein, King of Denmark, [419].
Free Nobles of Germany, [83].
Frundsberg, General, [279].
Friends of God (Gottesfreunde), [51], [154].
Frigida opinio, [429].
Fritz, Joss, founder of the Bundschuh League, [104], [135].
Froben, the Basel printer; printed Luther's works, [256];
printed the copies of Luther's works produced at the Diet of Worms, [281] n.
Froscher, M. Sebastian, at the Leipzig Disputation, [237], [238].
Fugger, the, family, [84], [361];
in possession of mines, [85].
Fulda, monastery of, [46], [75].
Gaismeyer, Michael, leader in the Peasants' War, [330].
Galileo, [42].
Gascoigne, George, [11].
Geiler of Keysersberg, [53], [59], [118], [134], [310].
Geographical discoveries, [43], [84] f.
George of Trebizond, [47] f.
George, Duke of Saxony. See [Saxony].
Germany, political condition at the close of the Middle Ages, [30];
divided condition and desire for unity, [35];
attempts at unity, [36] ff.;
connections with Italy, [50];
devotion to the Roman See, [115] ff.;
multitude of ecclesiastical buildings [pg 519] in, [115] f.;
grievances against Rome, [233], [243], [245], [270], [288], [21], [342];
divided into two separate camps, [338];
a national Church for, [324], [335]; [321], [323] f., [379].
Gerson, Jean, Luther's debt to, [209] and n., [254].
Gilds in mediæval towns, [43], [81].
Ginocchino di Fiore, [47], [158].
Glapion, Jean, confessor to Charles v., [266] n., [273], [285].
Glossa ordinaria, [202].
Golden Rose, the, [234], [260].
Goslar, [374].
Gospel, the Little, [135].
Gotha, [353].
Göttingen, [374].
Græcia Magna, [46].
Gran in Hungary, [9].
Gratian's Decretum, [2], [44].
Gratius, Ortuin, [67].
Graubund, the, [95].
Greece, [19].
Greek, the knowledge of Greek in the Middle Ages, [46];
spoken in Sicily and Calabria, [46];
printing press in Paris, [26].
Greeks, learned, in Italy, [47].
Gregory. See [Popes].
Gregory of Pavia, a canonist, [2].
Grimma, town in Electoral Saxony, [201], [205], [316], [318].
Groot, Gerard, [51].
Grunbach, Argula, a learned Lutheran lady, [307].
Gruniger, a Strassburg publisher, [300].
Gude and godlie Ballates, the, [123] n.
Guelderland, [382].
Gustaf Ericsson, King of Sweden, [421];
adopts the Reformation, [422] f.
Haingerichte, [331] ff.
Hall, a town in Swabia, [353], [391].
Hamburg, [374].
Hanseatic League, [82] f.
Hapsburg, House of, [35], [37], [345], [350], [359], [370], [376], [398].
Hebrew, the study of, [68].
Hebrew books to be destroyed, [69] f.
Hedio, Caspar, [353].
Hegenau, Conference at, [379].
Hegius, Alexander, [52], [64].
Heilbronn, [347].
Held, Chancellor, [379].
Helding, Michael, [390].
Henrique, Don, of Portugal, [84].
Henry iv. of Castile, [28].
Henry vii., King of England, [20] f.
Henry viii., King of England, [21] f., [26], [184], [324], [378], [388];
on Luther's condemnation, [298];
orders Luther's books to be burnt, [299].
Henry, Duke of Saxony. See [Saxony].
Hermandad, the, in Spain, [28] f.
Herredag, [419].
Herzegovina, [19].
Hesse, the district, [347], [386], [415].
Hierarchies, celestial and terrestrial, [169].
Hoc est Corpus Meum, [358].
Hochstratten, Jacob, [70] f.
Hohenstaufen Emperors, the, [1].
Holbein, Hans, artist, portrait of Erasmus, [177]; [57], [62].
Holy days, ecclesiastical, [141], [246], [343].
Holy Roman Empire, [31] f.
Homberg, Synod at, [415].
Homoousius, word not liked by Luther, [471].
Honius, Christopher, theory of the Lord's Supper, [355].
Humanists, the Christian, [158] ff.;
weakness of their position, [186] ff., [299];
their ideas of a reformation, [190].
Humanists in France, [26].
Humanists, German, [39], [57];
called Poets or Orators, [64];
hatred of Aristotle, [57];
band together to defend Reuchlin, [68], [71] f.;
societies of, in German cities, [60] f.;
write in praise of St. Anna, [136];
in the German universities, [63] f., [196];
religious eclecticism among, [65];
with Luther after the Leipzig Disputation, [239], [254] f.;
disliked Augustinian theology, [325];
how far responsible for the Peasants' War, [328].
Humanists, Italian, [22], [115];
relations with Savonarola, [160].
Hundred Years' War, [22].
Hussite propaganda, [98], [196], [238], [309], [325].
Hutten, Ulrich v., [59], [67], [267] n., [269], [273], [284];
youth and education, [75] f.;
passion for German unity, [76];
admiration for Luther, [77];
at the Ebernberg, [262].
Hymns, evangelical, in the Mediæval Church, [121] f., [125];
Reformation collections of, [387], [402];
in praise of the Blessed Virgin, [135];
of [pg 520] St. Anna, [135];
of St. Ursula, [145];
Images in churches, [312].
Immaculate Conception, the, [135], [138].
Imperialism, intellectual, [168].
Index expurgatorius, [185].
In dulci jubilo, [122] f.
Indulgence, an, for the Niklashausen chapel, [100];
for the church of All Saints at Wittenberg, [130];
for a bridge at Torgau, [259].
Indulgence money went to found Wittenberg University, [206];
had the effect of an endowment, [224]; [245], [259].
Indulgence-sellers, [213], [226].
Indulgences, helped to create a capitalist class, [83];
fostered pilgrimages, [128];
the theory and practice of, [216] ff.;
earlier abuses of, [219], [223];
did they give a remission of guilt, [225]; [248], [306].
Industry and trade in France, [25];
in England, [21];
in Germany, [81] ff.
Innsbruck, [393].
Inquisition in Spain, [29] f., [266], [267] n.
Instruction, the, of Frederick of Saxony, [316].
Instruction of the Synod at Bern, [478].
Instruction drafted by the Saxon Visitors, [410].
Insurrections, in England, [20], [21];
in France, [23];
Interdict, [439] f.
Interest on money, [84].
Interim, the Augsburg, [390] ff.,
the Leipzig, [391] n.
Interim, Fat Old, [396].
Isabella of Castile, [5], [27] ff.
Isidorian (pseudo-) Decretals, [2].
Isny, [347].
Italy, political condition of, [32] f., [30].
Jacobs-Brüder, [134].
Jaeger of Dornheim, Johann (Crotus Rubeanus), [66], [75], [255].
Jak Upland, [302].
James IV. of Scotland, [21].
Jesus the Judge, not the Mediator, [134]. See [Christ].
Jews, in Spain, [29];
persecuted, [69];
their literature to be destroyed, [70] f.
John, Elector of Saxony. See [Saxony].
John Frederick, Elector of Saxony. See [Saxony].
Jonas, Justus (Jodocus Koch of Nordlingen), [255], [273] f., [275], [312], [385], [411].
Joss Fritz, leader in the Bundschuh League, [104], [135].
Jurisprudence of the Renaissance, [44].
Jurists, French, of the Renaissance, [26].
Jus episcopale, exercised by secular rulers in the fifteenth century, [140] f., [147], [412];
lies in the Christian magistracy, [401], [412], [413].
Justification by Faith, a divine act and therefore continuous, [447];
corresponds to the absolution by the priest, [448];
word used with different meanings, [448];
mediæval theory of, depends on initial grace, [450];
is seen in the action of the sacraments, and especially in penance, [450];
Reformation doctrine of, [447], [451];
Chemnitz on the, [451];
reformation and mediæval theories contrasted, [452].
Justinian, Code of, [44]; [390].
Jüterbogk, [214].
Kalands, the, [146].
Kampen, Stephen, [305].
Karben, Victor V., [70].
Karsthans, [302].
Katharine of Aragon, [21].
Kempton, Abbey lands of, [102], [103].
Kessler, Johann, of St. Gallen, [317].
Knight of Christ (Erasmus), [301].
Knox, John, [349].
Koburgers, the, printers in Augsburg, [151], [155].
Lachmann, Johann, [310].
Lacordaire on Protestant idea of Scripture, [457].
Laity and clergy, [243], [443].
Lambert, Francis, [337] n., [415].
Landsknechts, [40], [77], [106], [109], [110] n.
Latin, in the Middle Ages, [46], [51];
hymns sung in school, [51], [53];
Luther's studies in, [197].
Latin War, the, [56].
League of the Public Weal (France), [23].
League, the Schmalkald, [373] ff., [376], [380].
League, the Swabian, [323], [330], [334], [377].
Leagues of Protestants in Germany, [325], [347], [350], [373].
Leagues of Romanists in Germany, [324], [325], [341].
Learning, the New, [22], [76], [159], [165];
in France, [26];
in Germany, [50], [57], [67], [68];
how used by Erasmus, [179].
Leipzig, The Disputation at, [61], [77], [236] ff., [252], [275], [325], [385];
beginning of historical criticism of institutions, [239];
made the German Humanists support Luther, [239].
Leisnig Ordinance, [401].
Leitzkau, Luther at, [166], [213].
Leo Alberti, architect, [49].
Leon, [27].
Liberty of a Christian Man, [192], [240] f.
Libraries, the Vatican, [49];
of San Marco, Florence, [49];
of Cardinal Cusanus, [58];
of a parish priest, [409].
Link, Wenceslas, of Nürnberg, [256].
Literature. See [Popular Literature].
Localis, [202].
Loriti, Heinrich (Glareanus), [67].
Louis xi. of France, [23], [25].
Louvain, [185].
Lund, Archbishop of, [379].
Luneberg, Dukes of, [341], [346], [362], [363], [373], [386].
Luther, Hans, [193].
Luther, Magdalena, [369].
Luther, Margarethe, [193].
Luther, Martin, on wandering students, [54];
on John Wessel, [58];
the society to which he spoke, [113];
criticism of prevalent preaching, [118];
fondness for St. Anna, [136];
on Brotherhoods, [146];
on begging, [143];
debt to the Mystics, [155];
religious atmosphere in which he was reared, [157];
and Savonarola, [163];
and Erasmus, [167], [175] f., [179];
why he succeeded as a Reformer, [189] ff.;
an embodiment of personal piety, [191];
his slow advance, [192];
embodied the Reformation, [193];
youth and education, [193] ff.;
a Poor Scholar, [195];
at Erfurt University, [195] ff.;
influenced by pictures, [198];
in the convent, [199] ff., [426] f.;
his teachers in theology, [199] f., [223];
conversion, [203];
at Wittenberg, [205] f.;
sent to Rome, [207];
early lectures on theology, [208];
teaches Aristotle's Dialectic, [206];
becomes a great preacher, [207], [212];
issues his Theses, [215] ff.;
his Resolutiones, [230] f.;
summoned to Rome, [232];
appears before Cardinal Cajetan, [232];
interview with Miltitz, [235];
at the Leipzig Disputation, [236] ff.;
burns the Pope's Bull, [250] ff.;
the representative of Germany, [252] ff.;
writings translated into Spanish, [269], [388];
writings in Great Britain, [388];
writings burnt in the Netherlands, [271],
and at Cologne, [259];
at Oppenheim, [274];
at Worms, [275] ff.;
first appearance before the Diet of Worms, [278];
description of his person, [279] f.;
second appearance before the Diet, [284] ff.;
rumours that he would recant, [286];
attitude in speaking, [288];
last words at the Diet, [291] n.;
last scene in the Diet, [291] f.;
conferences after the Diet, [294];
report that he had been murdered, [295];
Ban against, [297] f.;
in the Wartburg, [297];
the hero of the popular literature, [301];
his teaching spreads, [305] ff., [322];
back in Wittenberg, [316] ff.;
hopes of a National Church of Germany, [326];
how far responsible for the Peasants' War, [327] f.;
how the war affected him, [337], [338];
and Zwingli, [347] ff.;
at Marburg, [352] ff.;
his doctrine of the Sacrament of the Supper, [357];
his letters from Coburg, [369];
declared that the Turks must be driven back, [374];
his idea of a reformation, [275];
and the bigamy of Philip of Hesse, [380];
his death, [384] ff.;
ideas of ecclesiastical organisation, [400] ff.;
suggested did not prescribe, [402];
proposed the visitations, [405] ff.;
preface to the Small Catechism, [408];
influence in Denmark, [419];
his Reformation based not on doctrine, but on religious experience, [426] ff.;
on the two kinds of faith, [429], [430] f., [445];
at Ziesar, [435];
on the priesthood of believers, [440];
on clergy and laity, [240], [441];
on Simple Stories in the Bible, [460];
and the Epistle of James, [462] n.;
on theological terminology, [471];
his doctrine of the Church, [484].
Lyra, Nicholas de, [117], [196], [209], [456] n.
Machiavelli on the condition of Italy, [31].
Magdeburg, school at, [53]; Ordinance, [401];
beginning of the Reformation in, [307]; [194], [198], [384].
Magistry, the Christian, possess the jus episcopale, [147], [401].
Maid who lost her shoe, There was a, [313].
Mainz, Albert, Archbishop of, [187], [213], [229], [270], [293], [295], [296], [334], [341], [378].
Mansfeld, Counts of, [193], [295], [341], [373], [385], [386].
Mansfeld, district of, [193], [198].
Manuel, Juan, Spanish ambassador at Rome, [265], [272].
Marburg Articles, [353].
Marburg Colloquy, [352] ff.
Margaret Tudor, [21].
Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy, [21].
Mariolatry, [135].
Marlianus, Bishop of Puy, [185].
Marrani, [269].
Marriage of ecclesiastics, [343].
Marsiglio Ficino, [48], [158];
a disciple of Savonarola, [160].
Martiniani, [255].
Mary of Burgundy, [37].
Mass, the, propitiatory sacrifice in the, [312], [354].
Mastersingers, the, and the Reformation, [310].
Maurice of Saxony, [382], [384] and n., [389], [393], [394].
Maximilian, Emperor, [31], [37], [39], [206], [232];
the Humanist Emperor, [39], [67], [184];
in folk-song, [67];
and the Swiss, [111];
and the Landsknechts, [40], [110] n.
Mediæval Church, struggle with the Empire, [1] ff.
Mediæval Empire, [30] f.
Mediæval learning, [55],
Medici, the, rulers in Florence, [32];
Lorenzo de, [49];
relations with Savonarola, [162].
Medii fructus, [12] f.
Melanchthon, [156], [273], [308], [313] ff., [316], [350], [353], [364], [380], [402].
Memmingen, [333] f., [337], [346], [351], [368].
Marsilius of Padua, [306] n., [333].
Michelangelo, [50].
Middle class in England, [20].
Milan, [32] f.
Miltitz, Charles v., [234].
Minkwitz, Hans von, [277].
Mirabilia Romæ, [131].
Miracle Plays, [119].
Modrus in Hungary, [9].
Moldavia, [19].
Monasteries under secular control in Switzerland, [349].
Monastic life, Erasmus on the, [180] f.;
Luther on the, [211];
Eberlin on the, [304].
Money exactions by the Papacy, [11], [244] f., [268], [304].
Monks join the Lutheran movement, [305] f.
Monte Cassino, the Abbey of, [46].
Morals, clerical, at the close of the Middle Ages, [137] f., [190], [246].
More, Sir Thomas, [178], [186], [328].
Mosellanus, Peter, at the Leipzig Disputation, [237] f.
Mühlberg, battle of, [389].
Mühlhausen, battle of, [330], [334].
Municipal interference in ecclesiastical affairs, [141], [414].
Munster, Sebastian, chronicler, [170].
Munster, town on the Ems, [52].
Münzer, Thomas, people's priest at Zwickau, [314], [330], [334], [336].
Murad i., [19].
Murmellius, Johann, [52].
Musculus, Wolfgang, [391].
Mutianic Host, [68].
Mutianus (Mut, Mutti, Mudt, Mutta), Conrad, [52], [64], [185], [255].
Myconius (Mecum), Frederick, on family religion, [124], [127], [156];
on the Indulgence-seller, [213];
on the Theses, [230];
at Worms, [289] n.; [305], [309], [353].
Mystics, prayer circles among the, [153];
Luther's debt to the, [209] n.; [256].
Naples, [32] f.
Nathin, John, Luther's teacher, [199] f., [457].
National Church for Germany, [36], [338], [389].
National literature, [44].
Naumberg, conference of German Protestants at (1555), [396].
Navarre, seized by Ferdinand of [pg 523] Aragon in consequence of a papal excommunication, [6] and n., [29].
Neopaganism, [48].
Nepotism, papal and kingly, [9].
Neukarsthans, [306] n.
New and Old God, the, [303].
Niklashausen, a pilgrimage chapel, [100].
Nobility, position of, in England, [20];
in France, [25];
in Spain, [29].
Nobility of the German Nation, Address to the, [14], [242].
Nordlingen, [347].
Normandy, [26].
Nürnberg, [88], [234], [320], [346], [347], [353], [363], [373], [391];
the Brethren in, [152];
population of, [87];
retained its patrician constitution, [81].
Nützel, Caspar, [256].
Occam, William of, [55], [196], [199], [254].
Odense, Danish National Assembly at, [419].
Œcolampadius (Johann Hussgen), [306], [310], [353].
Œlhafen, Sixtus, deputy from Nürnberg to Worms, [284], [292].
Oppenheim, Charles v. at, [271];
Luther at, [274].
Orchan seizes Gallipoli, [19].
Ordinances for regulating public worship, [404], [414];
Wittenberg Ordinance, [315] f., [401];
Leisnig, [401];
Magdeburg, [401].
Ordinary, the Pope's right to act as, [24].
Osiander, Andrew, [310], [353], [391].
Ottoman Turks, [19].
Pack, Otto von, [344].
Palz, John of, a defender of Indulgences, [138], [223].
Pantaleone, H., on the state of the peasants, [107].
Papacy, its claim to universal supremacy, [1];
an Italian power, [7];
superior to common morality, [7].
Paper, effects of the invention of, [45].
Pappenheim, Ulrich von, [277].
Paris, University of, [12];
Luther's writings in, [388].
Passau, conference of German princes at, [393].
Passion Plays, [119].
Passional Christi et Anti-Christi, [308].
Pastoral theology, manual of, [117].
Pastors, Lutheran, hung, [341].
Pater Patriæ, title given to Luther, [255].
Patricians in towns, [80].
Patrizzi, master of ceremonies in Rome, [16].
Pearl of the Passion, the, [135].
Peasantry, the, in England, [21];
in France, [25]; in Germany, [89] ff.;
their condition of life, [90] ff.;
their diversions, [93];
revolts by the, [95] ff.;
causes of their revolts, [106] ff.;
Swiss, free themselves, [44]; [103], [105], [106], [109], [111].
Peasants' War, [296], [325], [326] ff., [342], [386];
how far was Luther responsible for the, [327], [335] ff.;
how far Humanist Utopias, [328];
began at Stühlingen, [329].
Pellicanus, Theobold, [310].
Peloponnese, [19].
Penance, sacrament of, [201], [219], [220].
Penances, [218].
Penitentiaries, [218] f.
Petrarch and the Renaissance, [46] f.
Petri, Olaus and Laurentius, the Reformers of Sweden, [421] ff.
Petzensteiner, Brother, [275].
Peutinger, Dr., Deputy from Augsburg to Worms, [279], [284], [289], [291] n.
Pfefferkorn, John, [69] f.
Pflug, Julius von, [390].
Philip, Landgrave of Hesse, his peasants did not revolt, [331];
helps John of Saxony, [334];
proposed a democratic constitution for the Church of Hesse, [337] n., [415] f.;
a leader among the Protestant princes, [325], [341];
deceived by Pack, [344];
signed the Protests, [346], [371];
arranges for the Marburg Colloquy, [352];
admires Zwingli, [350];
further attempts to unite the Protestants, [359];
signs the Augsburg Confession, [363], [368];
supposed to be ready for war, [369];
at Schmalkalden, [373];
aids Duke of Würtemburg, [376];
his bigamy, [380] ff.;
tempted by Charles v., [383];
surrenders and is imprisoned, [389];
liberated, [394];
at Naumberg, [396].
Pico della Mirandolo, [48], [64];
a disciple of Savonarola, [160];
proposed to become a Dominican, [161];
buried in San Marco, Florence, [162].
Pictures, the, which influenced Luther, [198].
Pictures in churches, [312].
Pilgrim guide-books, [131] ff., [226].
Pilgrim songs, [128] n., [132] f. and n., [194].
Pilgrimage places, [194];
Niklashausen, [100] ff.;
near Mansfeld, [127];
St. Michael's Mount, [128];
Wilsnack, [129];
the Holy Land, [130];
Rome, [131] f.;
Compostella, [131] ff.
Pilgrimages, epidemic of, [100], [128];
Pirkheimer, Willibald, [60] ff., [249] and n., [309].
Platonic Academies, [48].
Platonism, Christian, [48], [64].
Platter, Thomas, a wandering student, [55].
Plenaria, [149].
Plethon, Gemistos, [48].
Podiebrod, George, [6].
Pœnæ eternæ et temporales, [221] f., [225].
Poggio Bracciolini, [49].
Poliziano, Angelo, a disciple of Savonarola, [162].
Popes—
Nicholas i. (858-867), [2];
Gregory vii. (1073-1085), [2];
Innocent iv. (1243-1254), [4];
Urban ii. (1088-1099), [224];
Boniface viii. (1294-1303), [4];
Clement v. (1305-1314), [12];
John xxii. (1316-1334), [9], [10], [11], [12], [13];
Nicholas v (1447-1455), [49];
Boniface ix. (1389-1404), [16];
Eugenius iv. (1431-1447), [23];
Pius ii. (1458-1464), [5], [6];
Paul ii. (1464-1471), [6];
Sixtus iv. (1471-1484), [7], [29];
Innocent viii. (1484-1492), [34];
Alexander vi. (1492-1503), [5], [12], [16], [34];
Julius ii. (1503-1513), [6], [34], [49];
Leo x. (1513-1521), [5], [16], [22], [25], [34], [187], [229], [231], [240];
Adrian vi. (1522-1523), [16], [320], [322];
Clement vii. (1523-1534), [322], [380];
Paul iii. (1534-1549), [378];
Paul iv. (1555-1559), [185].
Pope's House, the Church is, [11], [194], [205], [235], [483].
Popular literature, on the Lutheran controversy, [300] ff.;
on the Augsburg Interim, [392].
Portugal, [29].
Postilla, the, of Nicholas de Lyra, [117].
Postills, Luther's, [409].
Præmunire, statutes of, [11].
Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, [24].
Preachers and towns, [310].
Preaching in the later Middle Ages, [117] ff.
Prices, rise in, at close of Middle Ages, [112].
Prierias, Silvester Mazzolini of Prierio, [230], [247], [303].
Priesthood, conception of, in the mediæval Church, [3], [438];
made clear by an interdict, [439];
Colet refused to accept it, [170];
Luther emancipated men from, [193], [444];
the, of all believers, [240], [244], [380], [435] ff.
Priests disliked, [96].
Princes, the, of Germany represented settled government, [36].
Printing made art and literature democratic, [45];
in Germany used from the beginning to spread devotional literature, [126].
Processions, ecclesiastical, [119], [362].
Procurationes, [13].
Proles, Andreas, [140], [163].
Protest, the, at Speyer, [346];
the second, [371].
Rechtern, non fechten sondern, [372] n.
Red Cross, the, [214].
Regensburg (Ratisbon), conference at, [363], [379] f.
Reichskammersgericht, [372], [375], [377], [379].
Reichsregiment, the, [36], [38], [317], [320], [322], [323], [324], [338].
Relaxatio de injuncta pœnitentia, [219].
Religious background of the claim for papal universal supremacy, [2].
Religious life at the close of the Middle Ages, [131];
a non-ecclesiastical religion, [139] ff.
Religious pioneers have one method, [432].
Religious War, the, in Germany, [389] f.
Renaissance, the, period of transition from the mediæval to the modern world, [42];
beginning of science, [42] f.;
geographical exploration, [43];
a revolution in art, [44];
religion of the, [45];
revival of letters, [46] ff.
René of Provence, [23].
Reservations, papal, [9], [24].
Resolutiones of Luther, [230] f.
Reuchlin, [67] ff.
Reutlingen, [347], [363], [391].
Revival of religion in the fifteenth century, [127] ff.
Revolts. See [Social revolts].
Rhodes, [19].
Robber-knights, [83].
Rohrbach, Jäklein, a leader in the Peasants' War, [330].
Roll-Brüder, [53].
Roman Empire, Holy, [31] f.
Roman Law and the peasants of Germany, [107].
Roman lawyers and their influence on theology, [168].
Romans, King of the, [31], [39], [360], [394].
Rome, ancient, the Papacy claims to succeed, [1] f.
Rome, Luther in, [207]; sack of, [266], [343].
Rostock, [374].
Roumania, [19].
Sachs, Hans, [93], [307] n., [310].
Sacrament of the Supper, [353] ff., [377];
Wessel on the, [355];
Honius on the, [355];
Luther on the, [358], f.;
Carlstadt on the, [356].
Sacramental efficacy, [232], [248], [478], f.
Sacraments, Colet on the, [171].
Sacraments, the number of the, [242].
Safe-conducts for Luther, [267] n., [273] and n., [276].
St. Gallen, [347].
Salerno, University of, [46].
Salzburg, Peasants' War in, [330].
Samlund, the Bishop of, a Lutheran, [306].
San Marino, [349].
Saracens, [18].
Satisfactions, [216] f., [447].
Savonarola, [22];
youth and education, [158];
sympathy with the New Learning, [159];
disciples among the Italian Humanists, [161] f.;
a mediæval thinker, [163].
Saxon Visitations, [405] f.
Saxony. Ernestine (Electoral till 1547, then Ducal), secular superintendence of the Church in the fifteenth century, [140], [259]; [206], [214], [250], [316], [318], [347], [386], [407].
Saxony, Elector of, Frederick, makes a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, [130], [258];
collects relics, [214], [258];
obtains an Indulgence for his church, [130], [214];
for a bridge, [259];
his family policy of controlling the Church, [141];
founds the University of Wittenberg, [205] ff.;
forbids Tetzel to enter his territories, [213];
protects Luther, [232] f., [297];
his religious position, [258] f., [292];
at the Diet of Worms, [263], [292];
provides for Luther's safety, [297];
troubled at the disturbances at Wittenberg, [316] f., [334];
death, [336].
John, brother of Frederick, [292], [316], [334], [341], [345];
signs the Protests, [346], [371];
refuses the nuncio's benediction, [360], [361];
signs the Augsburg Confession, [363] f.;
joins the Schmalkald League, [373].
John Frederick, son of John, signs the Augsburg Confession, [363];
marries Sibylla of Cleves, [382];
“the born Elector,” [394];
deprived of the Electorate and imprisoned, [384], [389];
death, [394];
Frederick (Duke, not Elector), son of John Frederick, [397].
Saxony, Albertine (Ducal till 1547, then Electoral), [214].
Saxony, Albertine, Duke of, George, at Leipzig Disputation, [237] f.;
desires a Reformation, [257], [203], [325];
gives a safe-conduct for Luther, [273] n., [276];
interferes in the affairs of Wittenberg, [316];
published Edict of Worms, [319];
feared the Hussites, [238], [324];
member of the Roman Catholic League, [341];
his daughter married Philip of Hesse, [344], [380];
death, [377].
Henry, brother of George, [377].
Maurice (Elector from 1547), son of Henry, married a daughter of Philip of Hesse, [382];
received the Electorate, [384] and n.;
took the Emperor's side in the Religious War, [389];
the Leipzig Interim, [391] n.;
attacked the Emperor, [393];
at the Conference at Passau, [393];
death, [395].
Augustus (Elector), [395].
Scala sancta at Rome, [207].
Scandinavia, [19];
the Reformation in, [417] ff.
Schappeller and the Twelve Articles of the Peasants, [333].
Scheurl, Christopher, of Nürnberg, [256].
Schism, the Great, [5], [136].
Schlettstadt in Elsass, school at, [52].
Schmalkald Articles, [374], [467] n., [468].
Schmalkald League, [373] ff., [380], [382], [383].
Schmalkalden, [373].
Schnepf, Erhard, Reformer of Tübingen, [391].
Scholastic, the New, [325].
Scholastic Theology, [55], [118], [125], [159], [161], [167], [169], [173], [181], [199] ff., [210], [219], [221], [223] f., [253];
condemned by Luther, [211];
teaches work-righteousness, [211], [450], [469];
is sophistry, [469];
faith and reason in, [469].
Schools in Germany, [51] ff.
Schott, Peter, endows a people's preacher for Strassburg, [118].
Schurf, Jerome, professor of Law at Wittenberg, [276], [280], [281], [317].
Schwabach Articles, [359].
Scientific, the scientific element in theology is the fleeting, [167].
Scotland, [21];
Luther's books prohibited in, [299], [388].
Scotus, John Duns, [55], [169], [178], [196], [223], [449].
Scripture, the doctrine of;
Scripture, a personal rather than a dogmatic revelation, [165], [453];
mis-statement of the Reformation view, [453];
differences in meaning of word, [454];
unity in, natural and arbitrary, [455]; theory of various senses, [165], [196] n., [456];
Lacordaire on the Protestant doctrine of, [457];
gives direct communion with God, [460];
what is the infallibility of, [461] ff., [464];
Scripture and the word of God, [461] f.;
human and divine elements in, [464], [465];
inerrancy, [464];
Calvin on the authority of, [465];
place for the Higher Criticism, [466] f.;
in the Reformation Creeds, [467] n.
Scriptures in the mediæval Church, [147] f., [454] ff.;
reading the, a mark of heresy, [149].
Secular supervision of religious affairs in the fifteenth century, [140].
Servia, [19].
Sibylla of Cleves, wife of John Frederick of Saxony, [382], [389].
Sicily, part of Naples, [33];
Greek spoken in, [46].
Sickingen, Francis von, [268], [273], [295], [306] and n., [323].
Siebenberger, Maximilian, [281].
Simnel, Lambert, [21].
Sitten, Cardinal von, admires Luther, [257].
Social conditions at the close of the Middle Ages, [79] ff.
Social revolts in the later Middle Ages, [95] ff.;
not exclusively of peasants, [96];
detestation of priests, [96];
impregnated by religious sentiment, [97];
Hans Böhm, [99];
Bundschuh revolts, [103];
causes of the revolts, [106] ff.
Socius itinerarius, [275].
Spain, [7], [18], [19], [20], [21];
divisions of, [29];
Inquisition in, [266].
Spalatin (George Burkhardt from Spelt), [66], [185], [232], [250], [274], [276], [278], [291] n., [292].
Spaniards at the Diet of Worms, [292].
Spanish merchants at Worms, [269].
Spanish troops in Germany, [389], [392].
Speyer, delegates from the German towns meet at, [38];
a National Council for Germany to meet at, [323].
See [Diet].
Spinning-room, the, [94].
Spiritual, meaning of the word in the Middle Ages, [7].
Spiritual Estate, the false and the true, [243], [441].
Sprengel, Lazarus, of Nürnberg, [256].
State and Church, in France, [23] f.;
in Spain, [29];
in Brandenburg, [141];
in Saxony, [140].
States of the Church, [32] f.
States-General of France, [25].
Staupitz, Johann, [163], [185], [202], [205] f., [256].
Stoke-on-Trent, battle of, [21].
Stolle, Konrad, author of the Thuringian Chronicle, [99] n.
Storch, Nicholas, one of the Zwickau prophets, [314].
Strassburg, Humanists in, [60];
population of, [87];
the Brethren in, [152];
deputies from, at Worms, [282]; [111], [309] f., [346], [347], [368].
Stubner, Marcus Thomä, [314].
dress, [56].
Students, wandering, [50], [54];
Breslau, the paradise of, [53];
burn Tetzel's Theses, [233]; [251].
Sturm, Caspar, the herald who conveyed Luther to Worms, [275] f.
Styria, peasant revolts in, [330].
Subsidies, ecclesiastical, [13].
Sum of Christianity, the, [430].
Superintendents in the Lutheran Churches, [404], [411].
Supremacy claimed by the Popes,
temporal, [5] f.;
spiritual, [7] f.;
Luther begins to doubt the, [235].
Suso, Heinrich, [203].
Swabia, the Peasants' War in, [330], [333], [334].
Swabian League, [323], [340], [376], [377].
Swan, the, hotel in Worms, [274], [276].
Swaven, Peter, at Worms, [275].
Swiss, the, popular in Germany, [95] f.
Synods in the Lutheran Churches, [413], [415].
Syria, [18].
Taborites (extreme Hussites), [97], [338].
Taille, the, [25].
Tausen, Hans, the Danish Luther, [420].
Temporal supremacy of the Pope, [5] ff.
Tertiaries of St. Francis, [116].
Tertullian on mitigation of ecclesiastical sentences, [217] n.
Tetzel, John, an Indulgence-seller, [213], [229], [235].
Textualis, [202].
Theodore of Gaza, [47].
Theodosius, Code of, [44].
Theological proof of universal papal supremacy, [4].
Theological phraseology, Luther and technical, [210], [471].
Theology, Luther's lectures on, [208].
See Scholastic Theology.
Thesaurus meritorum sire indulgentiarum, [219], [229].
Theses, Luther's, against Indulgences, [215] ff., [350];
make six assertions, [229];
wide circulation, [230];
Zwingli's, [350].
This is My Body, [355].
Thomas Aquinas, on universal papal supremacy, [4];
his knowledge of Greek, [46] n.;
studied by Savonarola, [159], [161];
on Indulgences, [221], [224]; [55], [57], [167] ff., [449].
Thomas à Kempis, [126].
Thun, Frederick von, [287].
Thüringia, Peasants' War in, [331]; [193], [208].
Tithes, ecclesiastical, [12], [97] f., [104].
Tolomeo of Lucca, a canonist and theologian, [4] n.
Tournaments, [371] n.
Tours, [18].
Trade in England, [22];
in France, [25];
perils of, [83];
routes to the East, [85];
more a municipal thing than a national affair, [80].
Trading companies, English, [22];
German, [85] ff.
Treatises, the three Reformation, [239] ff.
Trent. See [Council].
Trier, Archbishop of, [35], [270];
head of the commission to confer with Luther at the Diet of Worms, [294];
heard a statement from Luther under seal of confession, [295].
Triumph of Truth, the, [307].
Truchsess, general of the Swabian League, [330], [334].
Tübingen, [391].
Turkish invasions dreaded in Germany, [19], [129], [374].
Tunstall, Wolsey's agent at Worms, [298] and n.
Twelve Articles in the Peasants' War, [331], [336], [337].
Tyler, Wat, [20].
Ubiquity, doctrine of, [357], [478].
Ulm, [320], [346], [347], [391].
Ulrich, Duke of Würtemburg, [37], [376].
Unitas Fratrum (1452), [154] f.
Universities, of Paris, [12];
of Germany, [53].
Upsala, [422].
Urban, Heinrich, [66].
Ursula's, St., Little Ship, [145].
Utopia of Sir Thomas More, [186], [328].
Valdès, Alfonso de, on the Edict of Worms, [298] f.
Valentia, [27].
Valla, Laurentius, [49].
Valor ecclesiasticus of commuted Annates, [13] and n.
Vasco da Gama, [85].
Venezuela, German colony in, [85].
Venice, [32] f.;
Vicars of God, the Emperor and the Pope, [31].
Vienna, Concordat of, [11];
defence of, [19], [37], [374];
the Latin War in, [56]; [378].
Village, life in a, [90] ff.;
government, [92];
a, sold to buy a velvet robe, [109].
Virgin, the Blessed, [123];
the Intercessor, [135];
confraternities of the, [135];
hymns in honour of, [135];
patroness of the Augustinian [pg 528] Eremites, [138];
of the University of Wittenberg, [205];
venerated in the social revolts, [97], [100], [135];
Immaculate Conception of the, [135], [138].
Visitations, ecclesiastical, [405] ff.;
Saxon, [405] ff.
Vogler, Georg, at Worms, [274], [284].
Vulgate, the, studied in schools, [51];
its use in the mediæval Church, [147] f.;
editions in the vernacular, [147], [149] f.;
Waldenses, [238].
Walfart und Strasse zu Sant Jacob, [132], [226].
Wallachia, [19].
Wandering Students, [54].
Wanner, Johann, [310].
Warbeck, Perkin, [21].
Wealth, based on possession of land, [80];
new sources of, in trade, [84] ff.;
from farming Indulgences, [83].
Wehe, Jacob, a peasant leader, [330].
Weinsburg, the massacre at, [330].
Weisthümer, collections of village consuetudinary law, [90] ff., [103], [107].
Welser, the, family of capitalists, [85], [361].
Wesley, John, and Luther, [403].
Wiclif, John, [149], [238], [290].
Wiclifites, [150].
Wimpheling, Jacob, [52], [58], [257], [309].
Wimpina, Conrad, wrote counter-theses, [229].
Windsheim, [347].
Wissenberg, [347].
Wittenberg, town of, [204], [206], [234], [238], [389].
Wittenberg, the “tumult” in, [313], [320].
Wittenberg, University of, [205], [208], [232], [250], [311] ff.
Wittenberg Concord, [377].
Wittenberg Nightingale, [310].
Wittenberg Ordinance (1522), [315], [401].
Wolfenbüttel Library, Luther's MSS. in the, [209].
Wolsey, Cardinal, [184], [298].
Worms, Edict of, [297], [298], [310], [319] and n., [342] f., [369], [345];
conference with Luther at, [293].
See [Diet].
Würtemburg, Duchy of, seized by the House of Hapsburg, [37];
recovered by its Duke, [376] f., [392], [395].
Würzburg, the Bishop of, [334].
Zasius, Ulrich of Freiburg, [257].
Zell, Matthew, [350].
Zerbst, [214].
Zimmerische Chronik, [88], [134].
Zurich, [350].
Zwickau Prophets, the, [314], [320], [325].
Zwilling an Augustinian Eremite preacher, [313], [316].
Zwingli, relations with Luther, [347] ff.;
influenced by Humanism, [348];
social environment, [348];
South German towns under his influence, [351];
at Marburg, [352] ff.;
his doctrine of the Sacrament of the Supper, [356];
his death, [374]; [333], [337], [352], [353], [388], [463], [467] n.